Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 23

CECIL

Cahiers d'études des cultures ibériques et latino-


américaines
10 | 2024
Foyers d’incendie. Héritages, mutations et dissidences
du surréalisme en Amérique latine, de 1940 à nos jours

The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the


Confluence of Surrealist and Latin American
Artistic Currents
La sculpture d’Agustín Cárdenas à la confluence du surréalisme et de l’art de
l’Amérique latine
La escultura de Agustín Cárdenas en la confluencia del movimiento surrealista y
del arte de América Latina

Susan L. Power

Electronic version
URL: https://journals.openedition.org/cecil/5029
DOI: 10.4000/cecil.5029
ISSN: 2428-7245

Publisher
Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3

Electronic reference
Susan L. Power, “The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin
American Artistic Currents ”, CECIL [Online], 10 | 2024, Online since 15 February 2024, connection on 18
April 2024. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/cecil/5029 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/cecil.5029

This text was automatically generated on April 18, 2024.

The text only may be used under licence CC BY-NC 4.0. All other elements (illustrations, imported files)
are “All rights reserved”, unless otherwise stated.
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 1

7KH6FXOSWXUHRI$JXVW¯Q&£UGHQDV
DWWKH&RQIOXHQFHRI6XUUHDOLVWDQG
/DWLQ$PHULFDQ$UWLVWLF&XUUHQWV
La sculpture d’Agustín Cárdenas à la confluence du surréalisme et de l’art de
l’Amérique latine
La escultura de Agustín Cárdenas en la confluencia del movimiento surrealista y
del arte de América Latina

Susan L. Power

b
Introduction
1 ,QKLVSUHIDFHIRUWKHH[KLELWLRQFDWDORJXHCárdenas: Sculptures Récentes 1973-1975$QGU«
3LH\UHGH0DQGLDUJXHVDZULWHUZKRIUHTXHQWHG3DULVLDQVXUUHDOLVWFLUFOHVGXEEHGWKH
&XEDQERUQ  DQG  WUDLQHG  H[SDWULDWH  DUWLVW  $JXVW¯Q  &£UGHQDV   0DWDQ]DV
+DYDQD   mWKH  VXUUHDOLVW  VFXOSWRU  SDU  H[FHOOHQFH}  7KLV  GHVLJQDWLRQ  RIWTXRWHG  LQ
SXEOLFDWLRQV  DERXW  WKH  VFXOSWRUɛV  RHXYUH  UHIOHFWV  WKH  HQWKXVLDVP  DQG  VXSSRUW  KH
UHFHLYHGIURPNH\SDUWLFLSDQWVLQWKHSRVWZDUVXUUHDOLVWPRYHPHQWLQ3DULVPRUHWKDQ
WKHDUWLVWɛVRQJRLQJLQYROYHPHQWLQWKHLUSURJUDPPDWLFDFWLYLWLHV'XULQJDWHOHYLVHG
LQWHUYLHZUHFRUGHGLQZKHQDVNHGm+DYH\RXHQFRXQWHUHGKHUHDFRKRUWRIDUWLVWV
ZKRPHHW\RXUVXEFRQVFLRXVQHHGVLQRWKHUZRUGVZKRKDYHLQIOXHQFHG\RXUZRUN"}
&£UGHQDVUHSOLHGLQKLVWKLFN&XEDQ6SDQLVKDFFHQWWKDWERWKWKHVXUUHDOLVWJURXSDQG
DUWLVWVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKYDULRXVRWKHUWUHQGVKHOGVLJQLILFDQFHIRUKLP'HFDGHVODWHULQ
DQ  LQWHUYLHZ  ZLWK  0DULH3LHUUH  &ROOH  &£UGHQDV  UHFRXQWHG  KRZ  WKH  VXUUHDOLVWV  KDG
GLVFRYHUHGKLPm2QHGD\WKH\VKRZHGRQHRIP\VFXOSWXUHVWR$QGU«%UHWRQDQGDW
WKDWSRLQWWKLQJVVWDUWHGWRJHWPRUHFRPSOH[7KH\GHFLGHGWKHQWKDWP\ZRUNZDV
VXUUHDOLVWDQGWKDWLWKDGWREHH[KLELWHGULJKWDZD\}7KLVLQLWLDWRU\DQHFGRWHPLUURUV
RWKHUVWRULHVLQZKLFKWKHVXUUHDOLVWVODLGFODLPWRDUWLVWVZKRVHZRUNUHIOHFWHGWKHLU
DIILQLWLHVDQGFRQFHUQV3HUKDSVWKHPRVWLQIDPRXVH[DPSOHLV)ULGD.DKORZKRRSHQO\

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 2

H[SUHVVHGKHUDPELYDOHQFHLIQRWRXWULJKWGLVFRUGZLWK$QGU«%UHWRQɛVODEHOLQJRIKHU
ZRUN  DV  VXUUHDOLVW  ,Q  UHVSRQVH  WR  WKH  VXUYH\  m2»  HQ  VRPPHVQRXV  DYHF  OH
VXUU«DOLVPHb"} :KHUHGRZHVWDQGRQVXUUHDOLVP" FRQGXFWHGE\KLVORQJWLPHIULHQG
DQG  WKH  OLIHORQJ  VXUUHDOLVW  -RV«  3LHUUH  LQ    &£UGHQDV  RIIHUHG  D  PRUH  QXDQFHG
DFFRXQW
,FDQRQO\WHOO\RXZKHUH,P\VHOIVWDQGZLWKUHJDUGWRVXUUHDOLVP:KHQ,EHJDQWR
PDNHVFXOSWXUHLQ&XED,GLGQɛWNQRZDERXWWKHH[LVWHQFHRIVXUUHDOLVPDQG,ZDV
FUHDWLQJDFFRUGLQJWRP\SURIRXQGQDWXUH8SRQDUULYLQJLQ3DULV,H[SHULHQFHGWKH
XWPRVWMR\DWPHHWLQJ$QGU«%UHWRQDQGEHLQJFRQVLGHUHGDVXUUHDOLVWVFXOSWRU0\
FXUUHQWDSSURDFKVWLOOVHHPVWRPHWREHORQJHQWLUHO\WRP\DXWKHQWLFVHOIDQG,
WKLQNP\ZD\RIFUHDWLQJUHPDLQVVXUUHDOLVW%XW,KDYHWRDGGKRZHYHUWKDWRQFH,
NQHZDERXWWKHH[LVWHQFHRIVXUUHDOLVP,IHOWSHUIHFWO\DOLJQHGZLWKLW
2 7KH  DUWLVW  ZKR  ZDV  NQRZQ  WR  EH  PRUH  WDFLWXUQ  WKDQ  JDUUXORXV  WKXV  DVVHUWHG  KLV
DIILOLDWLRQ  ZLWK  SRVWZDU  VXUUHDOLVP  ZKLOH  DOVR  PDLQWDLQLQJ  KLV  RZQ  DUWLVWLF  LGHQWLW\
LQGHSHQGHQWIURPDQ\VW\OLVWLFODEHOV1RWRQO\GLGWKHVFXOSWRUɛVFDUHHUSUHGDWHKLV
NQRZOHGJHRIVXUUHDOLVPEXWLWDOVRRXWOLYHGWKH3DULVLDQEDVHGVXUUHDOLVWPRYHPHQW
0RUHRYHUKLVRHXYUHUHFHLYHGDFFRODGHVZLWKLQDEURDGHULQWHUQDWLRQDOFRQWH[W
3 (PHUJLQJLQWKHPLGWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\&XEDQDUWLVWLFVFHQH&£UGHQDVH[HPSOLILHVWKH
PRGHORIDQDUWLVWWUDLQHGDQGSUDFWLFLQJLQDJHRJUDSKLFDO]RQHSHULSKHUDOWRWKH
GRPLQDQW  DUWLVWLF  KXEV  RI  1HZ  <RUN  DQG  3DULV  DW  WKDW  WLPH  VWULYLQJ  WR  H[SDQG  KLV
KRUL]RQVEH\RQGKLVLQVXODUEHJLQQLQJVZKLOHGHYHORSLQJDQRULJLQDOERG\RIZRUNWKDW
FHOHEUDWHGKLVGHHSURRWHG$IUR&DULEEHDQKHULWDJH7KHVFXOSWRUɛVXQLTXHSRVLWLRQɝDW
WKHFRQIOXHQFHɞVSHDNVWRWKHP\ULDGRIVRXUFHVIORZLQJWRJHWKHUWRFRQVWLWXWHWKH
OLIHEORRGRIKLVRHXYUHDPHWDSKRUWKDW0DUWLQLTXDQSRHWDQGLQWHOOHFWXDO‹GRXDUG
*OLVVDQW 6DLQWH0DULH0DUWLQLTXHə3DULV HORTXHQWO\GHYHORSVLQRQHRIKLV
HVVD\V  IRU  DQ  H[KLELWLRQ  FDWDORJXH  RI  &£UGHQDVɛV  ZRUN  m7KH  HQFRXQWHU  RI  VXFK  D
PRYHPHQWRIIRUPVDQGVXFKDSDVVLRQIRUH[LVWHQFHKDVHOHFWHGKLPWRRQHRIWKHVH
FURVVLQJVPDUNHGE\WKHLQYLVLEOHZKLFKLQWKHKHDUWODQGRI*XDGHORXSHLVYHU\VLPSO\
FDOOHG  E\  D  OLWHUDO  DQG  P\VWHULRXV  H[SUHVVLRQ  D  IRXUSDWKV  >FURVVURDGV@}  7KLV
FURVVURDGV  WKDW  FKDUDFWHUL]HV  WKH  LQWHUZHDYLQJ  RI  JHRJUDSKLHV  KLVWRULHV  DQG
VHQVLELOLWLHVWKDWDUHWKHYHU\IDEULFRI&£UGHQDVSUDFWLFHWKXVDFFRXQWVIRULWVULFKQHVV
DQGFRPSOH[LW\DVZHOODVWKHYLFLVVLWXGHVRILWVUHFHSWLRQWRGDWHDOWKRXJKHQWUHQFKHG
DUWKLVWRULFDOSDUDGLJPVDUHJUDGXDOO\EHLQJUHHYDOXDWHGDQGUHFRQILJXUHG
4 )URPWKHVWDUW&£UGHQDVIRUJHGKLVRZQDUWLVWLFSDWKZLWKOLWWOHFRQFHUQIRUODEHOVRU
WUHQGV  GUDZLQJ  LQVSLUDWLRQ  IURP  WKH  DUW  RI  KLV  IRUEHDUV  DV  ZHOO  DV  (XURSHDQ  DQG
$PHULFDQ  PRGHUQLVW  PRGHOV  ZKLOH  LQWHUVHFWLQJ  ZLWK  EURDG  FXUUHQWV  DQG  FDWHJRULHV
VXFK  DV  VXUUHDOLVP  /DWLQ  $PHULFDQ  DQG  $IUR&DULEEHDQ  DUW  $PHULFDQ  $EVWUDFW
([SUHVVLRQLVP  DQG  LWV  (XURSHDQ  FRXQWHUSDUW  m/\ULFDO  $EVWUDFWLRQ}  7KHVH  ORRVH
DVVRFLDWLRQVUHIOHFWHGLQWKHUDQJHRIH[KLELWLRQVWKDWVKRZFDVHGKLVZRUNDQGWKH
SURJUDPVRIWKHJDOOHULHVWKDWSURPRWHGLWLQWKHILUVWGHFDGHVRIKLVFDUHHULQ3DULVDUH
DUWZRUOGFRQVWUXFWVWKDWWKHGLVFLSOLQHRIDUWKLVWRU\SHUSHWXDWHVWRWKLVGD\
b
1. Surrealism and Sculpture
5 7KHSUHGRPLQDWHO\PDUJLQDOSODFHRIVFXOSWXUHLQVXUUHDOLVWDUWLVWLFSUDFWLFHDOVRVKHGV
OLJKWRQWKHUHFHSWLRQRI&£UGHQDVɛVRHXYUHLQWKHFRQWH[WRISRVWZDU3DULV7KHVWDWXV
RIWKHYLVXDODUWVZLWKLQVXUUHDOLVWSUDFWLFHKDGIRVWHUHGGHEDWHVLQFHWKHEHJLQQLQJVRI
WKH  PRYHPHQW  DQ  LQKHULWDQFH  RI  GDGDɛV  DQWLDHVWKHWLFV  DQG  WKH  VXUUHDOLVW  SROLWLFDO

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 3

VWDQFH,QKLVRQJRLQJWUHDWLVHRQWKHYLVXDODUWVSurrealism and Painting$QGU«%UHWRQ


UHYLVHGDQGH[SDQGHGKLVYLVLRQRYHUIRXUGHFDGHVIURPXQWLOPRQWKVEHIRUHKLV
GHDWK  LQ  6HSWHPEHU    7KH  VHFRQG  SDUW  RI  WKLV  DQWKRORJ\əWLWOHG  m*HQHVLV  DQG
3HUVSHFWLYHRI6XUUHDOLVP}DQGSHQQHGLQGXULQJWKHSHULRGRIH[LOHLQ1HZ<RUN
ZKLFKILUVWDSSHDUHGDVWKHSUHIDFHWRWKHLQDXJXUDOH[KLELWLRQFDWDORJXHIRU3HJJ\
*XJJHQKHLPɛV  JDOOHU\PXVHXP Art of This Century— DGGUHVVHV  WKH  VXEMHFW  RI  PRGHUQ
VFXOSWXUH  WUDFLQJ  LWV  WKUHHGHFDGH  KLVWRU\  IURP  %UDQFXVL  WR  LWV  UHQHZDO  LQ  WKH
DXWRPDWLVPRI-HDQ$USWKHMR\IXOHTXLOLEULXPRI$OH[DQGHU&DOGHUWKHGLDOHFWLFDOSOD\
RI  YROXPH  DQG  YRLG  LQ  +HQU\  0RRUH  DQG  $OEHUWR  *LDFRPHWWLɛV  SRHWLF  PDJLF  7KLV
FRKRUWWKXVIRUPVWKHFRUHRIVXUUHDOLVWVFXOSWXUDOSURGXFWLRQZKLFKKDGSUHYLRXVO\
EHHQUHOHJDWHGWRWKHPDUJLQVLQIDYRURIWKHVXUUHDOLVWREMHFWFXOPLQDWLQJLQWKH
Exposition surréaliste d’objets 6XUUHDOLVWH[KLELWLRQRIREMHFWV KHOGDWWKH&KDUOHV5DWWRQ
JDOOHU\WKDWVSHFLDOL]HGLQQRQ:HVWHUQDUW$OWKRXJKWKHFRPSHQGLXPPDLQO\IRFXVHV
RQ  SDLQWLQJ  %UHWRQ  PDNHV  UHIHUHQFH  WR  DQG  LOOXVWUDWHV  WKUHHGLPHQVLRQDO  ZRUNV  LQ
HQWULHVGHYRWHGWRLQGLYLGXDODUWLVWVVXFKDV0DUFHO'XFKDPSDQG3DEOR3LFDVVRLQ
m)UDJPHQWV  }  WKH  WKLUG  VHFWLRQ  RI  KLV  YLVXDO  DUWV  DQWKRORJ\  $QG  ILQDOO\
%UHWRQɛVSUHIDFHIRU&£UGHQDVɛVH[KLELWLRQDWWKH&RXUGɛ,QJUHVJDOOHU\LQDSSHDUV
LQWKHIRXUWKVHFWLRQm(QYLURQV}IROORZLQJWKHSRHWɛVHVVD\RQ%UD]LOLDQVFXOSWRU
0DULD0DUWLQVWKDWKHZURWHDERXWWKHDUWLVWɛVVRORVKRZDWWKH-XOLHQ/HY\JDOOHU\LQ
1HZ<RUN
6 %\  LQFOXGLQJ  KLV  HVVD\V  RQ  0DUWLQV  DQG  &£UGHQDV  LQ Surrealism and Painting  %UHWRQ
FOHDUO\GHHPHGWKHLUVFXOSWXUHVWREHH[HPSODU\RIVXUUHDOLVWYLVXDODUW<HWWKHLUVWDWXV
DQGUHFHSWLRQZLWKUHJDUGWRWKHFDQRQRIVXUUHDOLVWVFXOSWXUHLQSDUWLFXODUDQGYLVXDO
DUWPRUHEURDGO\KDVUHPDLQHGPDUJLQDOLQVWLWXWLRQDOO\%RUQLQ0DULD0DUWLQV
EHORQJHGWRWKHVDPHJHQHUDWLRQDV%UHWRQZKRRQO\EHFDPHDZDUHRIKHUZRUNZKLOH
KHZDVOLYLQJLQH[LOHLQ1HZ<RUNGXULQJWKHVHFRQG:RUOG:DU$OWKRXJKWKH\ERWK
KDLOHG  IURP  WKH  $PHULFDV  0DUWLQV  DQG  &£UGHQDV  RFFXSLHG  GLVWDQW  VSKHUHV  ERWK
JHQHUDWLRQDOO\DQGJHRJUDSKLFDOO\7KH\EHORQJHGWRGLIIHUHQWVRFLRHFRQRPLFFODVVHV
DQGFDPHIURPGLVVLPLODUEDFNJURXQGVQRWWRPHQWLRQWKHLUJHQGHU(YHQZLWKLQWKHLU
VKDUHG  VFXOSWXUDO  PHGLXP  WKH  WHFKQLTXHV  WKH\  HPSOR\HG  SULPDULO\  ZHUH  GLVWLQFWə
0DUWLQVSUHIHUUHGORVWZD[FDVWLQJZKHUHDV&£UGHQDVPDLQO\SUDFWLFHGGLUHFWFDUYLQJə
DQG  WKHUHIRUH  WKHLU  ZRUNV  GLVSOD\  IHZ  IRUPDO  DIILQLWLHV  %UHWRQɛV  DSSUDLVDO  RI  WKHLU
ZRUNKRZHYHUSURYLGHVDFRPPRQJURXQGXQLWLQJWKHDUWLVWVWKURXJKFRPSOHPHQWDU\
WKHPHVəWKHIHFXQGLW\RIQDWXUHDQGGHVLUHDVWKHZHOOVSULQJRIDUWLVWLFFUHDWLRQWKDQNV
WRWKHLUSUR[LPLW\WRmSULPLWLYH}FXOWXUHVLQWKH$PHULFDVəHFKRHGLQWKHLUDGMDFHQW
SODFHPHQW DPRQJ WKH SDJHV RI Surrealism and Painting.$OWKRXJK WKHLU LQFOXVLRQ LQ
%UHWRQɛV  YLVXDO  DUWV  RSXV  WRJHWKHU  ZLWK  WKH  IDFW  WKDW  ERWK  0DUWLQV  DQG  &DUGHQDV
SDUWLFLSDWHGLQWKHPRYHPHQWɛVSRVWZDUH[KLELWLRQVPLJKWVHHPWRJXDUDQWHHWKHPD
SODFHLQWKHVRFDOOHGFDQRQRIVXUUHDOLVWVFXOSWXUHWKHWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\UHFHSWLRQRI
VXUUHDOLVPZLWKLWVHPSKDVLVRQWKHLQWHUZDUSHULRGKDVFRQWULEXWHGLQSDUWWRWKHLU
PDUJLQDOL]DWLRQRUHYHQH[FOXVLRQIURPPDLQVWUHDPQDUUDWLYHV
b
2. Surrealist Beginnings
7 $V  KH  UHFRXQWHG  &£UGHQDV PHW  PHPEHUV  RI  WKH  VXUUHDOLVW  JURXS  DIWHU  WKH\  KDG
ɝGLVFRYHUHGɞKLVZRUNLQ3DULV%XWZKLOHVWLOOLQ+DYDQDKHZRXOGKDYHEHHQIDPLOLDU
ZLWKZRUNVE\DUWLVWVLQWKHVXUUHDOLVWRUELWVXFKDV$US*LDFRPHWWL0RRUHHLWKHU

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 4

WKURXJKUHSURGXFWLRQVLQDUWSXEOLFDWLRQVRURQYLHZLQJDOOHU\DQGPXVHXPVSDFHV
:LIUHGR/DPKDGIOHGWR+DYDQDLQDWWKHRQVHWRI:RUOG:DU,,DORQJZLWK%UHWRQ
DQGRWKHULPSHULOHGDUWLVWVDQGLQWHOOHFWXDOVRQO\UHVHWWOLQJLQ3DULVLQ$VDQ
DFFODLPHGPHPEHURIWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDODYDQWJDUGHFORVHO\DOOLHGWRWKHVXUUHDOLVWV
/DPWKXVRIIHUHGWKH\RXQJHUDUWLVWVDPRGHORIDUWLVWLFIUHHGRP%RWKDVDVWXGHQWDW
WKH$FDGHPLD1DFLRQDOGH%HOODV$UWHVGH6DQ$OHMDQGURIURPWRDQGODWHUD
PHPEHU RI mLos Once} &£UGHQDV ZRXOG FHUWDLQO\ KDYH KDG H[SRVXUH WR /DPɛV ZRUN
ZKLOHLQWKH&XEDQFDSLWDOGXULQJWKHODWHVDQGV7KHP\ULDGRIVFXOSWXUDO
VRXUFHVQRWWRPHQWLRQWKHYDULHW\RIWHFKQLTXHV&£UGHQDVGHSOR\HGGXULQJWKHHDUO\
\HDUVRIKLVFDUHHUZDVRQIXOOGLVSOD\DWWKHH[KLELWLRQDWWKH0XVHR1DFLRQDOGH
%HOODV$UWHVLQ+DYDQDIHDWXULQJWKHDUWLVWɛVVFXOSWXUHVDORQJVLGHSDLQWLQJVE\5DIDHO
6RULDQR
8 /DQGLQJLQ0RQWSDUQDVVHWKHDUWLVWLFKHDUWRIWKH)UHQFKFDSLWDOLQODWH'HFHPEHU
&£UGHQDVZDVLQWURGXFHGWRSURPLQHQWILJXUHVLQWKHSRVWZDU3DULVLDQDUWZRUOG
E\ KLV FRPSDWULRW WKH 0H[LFDQERUQ &XEDQ SDLQWHU RI /HEDQHVH RULJLQ )D\DG -DP¯V
=DFDWHFDV0H[LFR+DYDQD DIHOORZPHPEHURIWKHmLos Once}JURXSLQ
+DYDQD  7KHVH  FRQWDFWV  IDFLOLWDWHG  &£UGHQDVɛV  ILUVW  3DULVLDQ  VKRZ  DW  WKH  ‚  /ɛ‹WRLOH
6FHOO«HJDOOHU\LQ0D\ZKHUHKHH[KLELWHGUHFHQWSODVWHUVFXOSWXUHVDORQJVLGH
-DP¯VɛVSDLQWLQJV$FWLYHLQWKHVXUUHDOLVWPRYHPHQWVLQFHWKHHDUO\V-RV«3LHUUH
%HQHVVH0DUHPQH)UDQFH3DULV ZURWHWKHEURFKXUHWH[Wm/D3HUOHQRLUH
HWOH5XELV}IRU&£UGHQDVɛVJDOOHU\GHEXWLQ3DULVDQGFRQWLQXHGWRSHQPDQ\RWKHUV
WKURXJKRXWWKHOLIHORQJIULHQGVKLSKHPDLQWDLQHGZLWKWKHDUWLVW Fig. 1 
b
Fig. 1: Agustín Cárdenas Sculptures/Fayad Jamís Peintures, exh. cat./brochure, À L’Étoile Scellée
gallery, Paris, May 1956, with essay: «La Perle Noire et le Rubis» by José Pierre.

Courtesy Cárdenas Estate.

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 5

9 3LHUUHɛV  SRHWLF  WH[W  LQ  ZKLFK  WKH  KXPDQ  DQLPDO  DQG  YHJHWDO  UHDOPV  LQWHUPLQJOH
HYRNHVWKHPHWDPRUSKRVLVSURGXFHGWKURXJKHQFRXQWHUDQGHOLGHVWKHERXQGDULHVWKDW
:HVWHUQFXOWXUHKDVEXLOWEHWZHHQWKHVHFDWHJRULHVRIWKHDQLPDWHDQGWKHLQDQLPDWH
)RU&£UGHQDVPDQLVWKHEURWKHURIWKHFDQGOHWUHHKLVERG\LVDFUD]\FDFWXVKLV
JD]H  D  EHHWOH  KLV  YRLFH  D  EXWWHUIO\  ZRPDQɛV  EUHDVWV  WKH  IOXWWHU  RI  WKH
KXPPLQJELUGɛVZLQJV,QWKLVGRPDLQRISDOSDEOHIRUPVLQZKLFKWKHQHZVHOGRP
DSSHDUV&£UGHQDVDEROLVKHVZLWKKLVKDQGVWKHWKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHDQLPDWH
DQGWKHLQDQLPDWH$QGWKHMHWVWRQHFULHVRXWLQWKHIRUHVWVRIUXPɣ
10 7KLV  PHUJLQJ  RI  WKH  KXPDQ  ZLWK  RWKHU  UHDOPV  LQ  ZKDW  *OLVVDQW  FDOOV  ml’entour}  RU
VXUURXQGLQJVHPERGLHGERWKIRUPDOO\DQGPDWHULDOO\LQ&£UGHQDVɛVVFXOSWXUHHFKRHV
LQWKH0DUWLQLTXDQɛVSRHWLFVRI5HODWLRQmDPRGHUQIRUPRIWKHVDFUHG}WKDWDSSHDUV
PRVWYLVLEO\LQWKH&DULEEHDQDQGKLVFRQFHSWRI7RXW0RQGH $OO:RUOG mWKHIXVLRQ
RI  HYHU\WKLQJ  ZLWK  HYHU\WKLQJ}  DQ  DOOHQFRPSDVVLQJ  XWRSLDQ  VSDFH  WR  ZKLFK
LPDJLQDWLRQ  SURYLGHV  DFFHVV  &XEDQ  FULWLF  DQG  DUW  KLVWRULDQ  *HUDUGR  0RVTXHUD
DVVRFLDWHV  m&DULEEHDQ  FXOWXUH}  ZLWK  LWV  $IULFDQ  SUHVHQFH  mWKH  SUHGRPLQDQFH  RI
IHDWXUHV  W\SLFDO  RI  $IULFDQ  FRQVFLRXVQHVV}  LQ  /DWLQ  $PHULFDQ  YLVXDO  FXOWXUH  ZKLFK
mIXQFWLRQVIURPGHHSZLWKLQOLNHDEDFNERQH}LQWKHZRUNRIDUWLVWVVXFKDV&£UGHQDV
7KH  VXUUHDOLVW  JURXS  KDG  FHUWDLQO\  EHHQ  GUDZQ  WR  WKH  DUWLVWɛV  HPERGLPHQW  RI  WKH
FXOWXUDOUHPLQLVFHQFHDQGLQKHULWDQFHRIKLVIRUEHDUVLQKLVVFXOSWXUHV
11 2QFH$QGU«%UHWRQKDGSUHIDFHGWKHEURFKXUHIRUKLVILUVW3DULVLDQVRORVKRZLQDW
WKH  OHIWEDQN  JDOOHU\  /D  &RXU  Gɛ,QJUHV  WKH  VFXOSWRUɛV  VXUUHDOLVW  SHGLJUHH  ZDV
FHPHQWHG  ,Q  WKH  HSLJUDSK  WR  KLV  EULHI  WH[W  %UHWRQ  PDNHV  GLUHFW  UHIHUHQFH  WR
&£UGHQDVɛV$IULFDQKHULWDJHLQDTXRWHIURP$UWKXU5LPEDXGɛVSRHPm-HXQHP«QDJH}
<RXQJ  &RXSOH   m,W  LV  WKH  $IULFDQ  IDLU\  ZKR  SURYLGHV0XOEHUULHV  DQG  KDLUQHWV  LQ
FRUQHUV}%UHWRQWKHQH[WROVWKHGH[WHULW\əmOLNHDGUDJRQIO\}əDQGWKHVWUHQJWKRI
WKHVFXOSWRUɛVKDQGHPSKDVL]LQJWKHWDFWLOHTXDOLWLHVWKHKDQGHOLFLWVLQLWVDELOLW\WR
FDUHVVDQREMHFWRIGHVLUHZKHWKHUDQLPDOYHJHWDORUPLQHUDO7KHSRHWɛVUHIHUHQFHLQ
WKHODVWOLQHWRmWKHJUHDWIORZHULQJWRWHP}VSULQJLQJIURPWKHVFXOSWRUɛVILQJHUVEULQJV
WKHWH[WIXOOFLUFOHWRWKHFRQQHFWLRQ&£UGHQDVPDLQWDLQVWRKLVDQFHVWUDOFXOWXUH%RWK
WKH  KDSWLF  DQG  WKH  mSULPLWLYH}  ZLWK  WKHLU  WLHV  WR  GHVLUH  KDG  EHHQ  PDMRU  WKHPHV
XQGHUSLQQLQJWKHLULQWHUQDWLRQDOH[KLELWLRQLe Surréalisme en 1947KHOGDWWKH*DOHULH
0DHJKWLQ3DULV
12 )XUWKHUPRUHWZRRI&£UGHQDVɛVHDUO\ZRUNVəDQXQWLWOHGZRRGVFXOSWXUH F DQG
WKHEURQ]HOiseau connu  əHQKDQFHG%UHWRQɛVSULYDWHFROOHFWLRQDYDVWPDWHULDO
FRPSHQGLXPRIWKHREMHFWVDPDVVHGRYHUDOLIHWLPHZKLFKPDWHULDOL]HWKHSRHWɛVYLVLRQ
DQGOHJDF\6KRZFDVHGDPRQJ%UHWRQɛVVXUUHDOLVWWUHDVXUHWURYHəWRGD\FDOOHGmb7KH
:DOOb}DQGLPPRUWDOL]HGRQSXEOLFGLVSOD\DWWKH0XV«HQDWLRQDOGɛ$UWPRGHUQH&HQWUH
*HRUJHV  3RPSLGRXəWKH  VFXOSWXUHV  HQWHU  LQWR  DQ  LQWLPDWH  VLOHQW  GLDORJXH  ZLWK  WKH
P\ULDGRIREMHFWVZKLOHEHDULQJZLWQHVVRQDQRWKHUOHYHOWRWKHUHFLSURFDOH[FKDQJH
EHWZHHQWKHSRHWDQGWKHDUWLVWDQGE\H[WHQVLRQWKHQHWZRUNRIFRQQHFWLRQVWKDW
FRQVWLWXWHGWKHFRQVWDQWO\VKLIWLQJVXUUHDOLVWXQLYHUVH
13 $URXQGWKHVDPHWLPH&£UGHQDVSDUWLFLSDWHGLQWKHILUVWRIWKUHHRIILFLDOLQWHUQDWLRQDO
H[KLELWLRQV  RI  VXUUHDOLVP  ZKLFK  ZRXOG  LQ  IDFW  EH  WKH  ODVW  FROOHFWLYH  VKRZV  WKH
PRYHPHQWVWDJHG$FDUYHGZRRGHQVFXOSWXUHSLHUFHGZLWKPHWDOULQJVWLWOHGJucambe
  Fig. 2  DSSHDUHG  LQ  WKH  m([SRVLWLRQ  ,QWH5QDWL2QDOH  GX  6XUU«DOLVPH}
(526 KHOGLQDWWKH*DOHULH'DQLHO&RUGLHULQ3DULV
b

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 6

Fig. 2: Agustín Cárdenas, Jucambe, 1950-59, wood, paint, metal, 114 x 34 x 30 cm.

Courtesy Agustín Cárdenas Estate.

14 7KHIROORZLQJ\HDUWZRXQWLWOHGXQGDWHGZRUNVLQZRRGDVOLVWHGLQWKHH[KLELWLRQ
FDWDORJXH  ZHUH  RQ  GLVSOD\  LQ  m6XUUHDOLVW  ,QWUXVLRQ  LQ  WKH  (QFKDQWHUVɛ  'RPDLQ}  DW
'ɛ$UF\*DOOHULHVLQ1HZ<RUNLQ$QRWKHUZRRGVFXOSWXUHWLWOHGAprès le feu
$IWHUWKH)LUH IHDWXUHGLQm/ɛ‹FDUWDEVROX}WKHILQDOLQWHUQDWLRQDOVXUUHDOLVWH[KLELWLRQ
KRVWHGDWWKH3DULVLDQ*DOHULH/ɛûLOLQ7KHRIILFLDOGLVVROXWLRQRIWKHPRYHPHQW
LQ    KDUGO\  HIIDFHG  WKH  FRQVWHOODWLRQV  RI  UHODWLRQVKLSV  DQG  DIILQLWLHV  WKDW  KDG
EURXJKWDQDVWRQLVKLQJUDQJHRIDUWLVWVWRJHWKHU
b
3. Chance encounters and surrealist networks
15 7KHLQWHUQDWLRQDOVFRSHRIWKHVXUUHDOLVWPRYHPHQWDQGLWVRSHQQHVVWRQHZFRPHUV
KDLOLQJIURPGLYHUVHKRUL]RQVWKXVRIIHUHGDFRVPRSROLWDQQHWZRUNERWKURRWHGLQWKH
3DULVLDQFRQWH[WDQGZLWKP\ULDGWLHVEH\RQGLWLQSDUWGXHWRWKH6HFRQG:RUOG:DU
ZKHQPDQ\DUWLVWVDQGLQWHOOHFWXDOVXQGHUWKHWKUHDWRIWKH1D]LUHJLPHZHUHIRUFHG
LQWRH[LOHLQWKH$PHULFDV)XUWKHUPRUHWKHVXUUHDOLVWPRYHPHQWKDGDOLJQHGLWVHOI
ZLWKDQWLLPSHULDOLVWDQGDQWLFRORQLDOLVWVWUXJJOHVVLQFHLWVLQFHSWLRQ$UDUHcadavre
exquisWLWOHGThe Seven Sons of Lautréamont (and His Dutiful Beautiful Daughter), D
WULEXWH  WR  WKH  WXWHODU\  VXUUHDOLVW  SUHFXUVRU  8UXJXD\DQERUQ  )UHQFK  SRHW  ,VLGRUH
'XFDVVH     UHFRUGV  WKH  HQFRXQWHU  EHWZHHQ  HLJKW  LQWHUQDWLRQDO  DUWLVWV  LQ
VXUUHDOLVW  FLUFOHV  DQG  DWWHVWV  WR  WKH  SHUYDVLYH  JOREDO  QHWZRUNV  WKDW  WKH  PRYHPHQW
HQJHQGHUHG. :LWK FRQWULEXWLRQV  E\  VHOISURFODLPHG  %ODFN  $PHULFDQ  VXUUHDOLVW  7HG
-RDQV  &ROXPELDQ  SDLQWHU  +HULEHUWR  &RJROOR  $JXVW¯Q  &£UGHQDV  DQG  KLV  FRPSDWULRWV
SDLQWHUV  -RUJH  &DPDFKR  DQG  :LIUHGR  /DP  &KLOHDQ  SDLQWHU  5REHUWR  0DWWD  +DLWLDQ
YLVXDODUWLVW+HUY«7«O«PDTXHDQG(J\SWLDQ)UHQFKSRHW-R\FH0DQVRXUWKLVFROOHFWLYH

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 7

GUDZLQJGHPRQVWUDWHVWKHDIILQLWLHVEHWZHHQDUWLVWVKDLOLQJIURPWKH$PHULFDVDQG
$IULFDZKRFRQYHUJHGLQ3DULVLQWKHVDOORIZKRPZHUHLQYROYHGLQSRVWZDU
VXUUHDOLVPWRYDU\LQJGHJUHHV9LVXDOO\WKLVGUDZLQJKDVDWRWHPLFTXDOLW\LQSDUW
EHFDXVHRILWVYHUWLFDOLW\ZKLFKLVGHWHUPLQHGE\WKHQXPEHURISDUWLFLSDQWVVHYHQ
EHLQJXQXVXDOIRUDQH[TXLVLWHFRUSVH7KHLPDJHU\PHUJLQJDQLPDOKHDGVERQHVDQG
KXPDQERG\SDUWVDOVRVXJJHVWVWKHK\EULGFRPSRVLWHFKDUDFWHURIWRWHPLFREMHFWVD
IRUPSUHVHQWLQWKHZRUNVRI/DP0DWWD&DPDFKRDQG&£UGHQDV
16 :KLOHWKHH[DFWGHWDLOVRIWKLVFUHDWLYHFROODERUDWLRQUHPDLQOLWWOHNQRZQWKHWLWOHRI
WKH  H[TXLVLWH  FRUSVH  FOHDUO\  DQG  SOD\IXOO\  DUWLFXODWHV  D  VXUUHDOLVW  OLQHDJH  ZLWK
/DXWU«PRQWDVDIRXQGLQJIDWKHUəKLVIDPRXVVLPLOHmDVEHDXWLIXODVWKHIRUWXLWRXV
HQFRXQWHURQDGLVVHFWLQJWDEOHRIDVHZLQJPDFKLQHDQGDQXPEUHOOD}DVXUUHDOLVW
PRWWRODXGLQJREMHFWLYHFKDQFHDVWKHEDVLVRIFRQYXOVLYHEHDXW\:LWKLWVVRXUFHLQ
UDQGRP  ZRUG  SOD\  WKH  YLVXDO  YHUVLRQ  RI  WKH  FROOHFWLYH  JDPH  ERWK  OLWHUDOO\  DQG
ILJXUDWLYHO\  HPERGLHV  WKH  PRYHPHQWɛV  DHVWKHWLF  SURJUDP  DQG  FHOHEUDWHV  DQRWKHU
/DXWU«DPRQWLQVSLUHGVXUUHDOLVWSULQFLSOHmSRHWU\PXVWEHPDGHE\DOOQRWRQH}$V
mVRQVDQGGXWLIXOGDXJKWHU}WKLVWUDQVJHQHUDWLRQDODQGWUDQVQDWLRQDOJURXSUHHQDFWHG
DKDOOPDUNRIVXUUHDOLVWSUDFWLFHWKHUHE\SDUWLFLSDWLQJLQDVRUWRIULWXDODQGLQVFULELQJ
WKHLUFRPPRQDIILOLDWLRQZLWKWKHPRYHPHQWLQWKHZDNHRILWVRIILFLDOGLVVROXWLRQLQ
  5HSUHVHQWDWLYH  RI  VXUUHDOLVPɛV  H[SDQVLYH  QHWZRUNV  WKLV  H[TXLVLWH  FRUSVH
HQFDSVXODWHVWKHP\ULDGPHHWLQJVWKDWFRQVWLWXWHGVXUUHDOLVPRYHUWLPHVSDQQLQJIRXU
GHFDGHVIURPWKHODWHVWRWKHPLGVDQGDFURVVFRQWLQHQWVIURP$IULFDDQG
WKH$PHULFDVWRFRQYHUJHLQ3DULV:LWKLQWKLVFRQILJXUDWLRQWKH/DWLQ$PHULFDQDUWLVWV
ə&£UGHQDV0DWWD/DP&DPDFKRDQGWRDOHVVHUH[WHQW&RJROORZKRZDVIURPWKH
QH[WJHQHUDWLRQəFDPHWRJHWKHULQ3DULVLDQHYHQWVWKDWEURXJKWWRJHWKHUDUWLVWVIURP
WKHKLVSDQRSKRQH$PHULFDV
17 0DSSLQJ  WKHVH  PRYHPHQWV  WKH  HEE  DQG  IORZ  RI  LQGLYLGXDOV  REMHFWV  FXOWXUHV  DQG
DUWLVWLF  WUDGLWLRQV  UHVRQDWHV  LQ  WKH  VSLUDOLQJ  RI  m3RHPD  &LUFXODWRULR  3DUD  OD
GHVRULHQWDFLµQ  JHQHUDO }  E\  1REHO  3UL]HZLQQLQJ  0H[LFDQ  SRHW  2FWDYLR  3D]  ZKR
FURVVHGSDWKVZLWK&£UGHQDVDQGPDQ\RWKHUVLQVXUUHDOLVWFLUFOHV3ULQWHGRQWKHZDOO
DWWKHHQWUDQFHWRWKHH[KLELWLRQm(O$UWHGHO6XUUHDOLVPR}KHOGDWWKH0XVHRGH$UWH
0RGHUQRLQ0H[LFR&LW\LQWKHSRHPJDYHYLVXDODQGWH[WXDOIRUPWRWKHQRWLRQRI
DQHQGOHVVXQIXUOLQJPRWLRQRSHUDWLYHLQVXUUHDOLVP
18 ɣVXUUHDOLVP_,6127+(5(_RXWWKHUH_RXWGRRU_WRWKHWKHDWHURIWKHIUHHH\HV_ZKHQ\RX
FORVHWKHP_\RXRSHQWKHP_WKHUHLVQRLQVLGHRURXWVLGH_LQWKHIRUHVWRISURKLELWLRQV_
WKHZRQGHUIXO_VLQJV_FDWFKLW_LWLVZLWKLQUHDFKRI\RXUKDQG_LWLVWKHWLPHZKHQPDQ_
LV_  WKH  DFFRPSOLFH  RI  WKH  UD\_&U\VWDOOL]DWLRQ_  DSSHDUDQFH  RI  GHVLUH_  GHVLUH  IRU
DSSHDUDQFH_QRWKHUHQRWWKHUHEXWEHWZHHQ_KHUHWKHUH
19 3D]FDSWXUHVWKHHOXVLYHZD\VVXUUHDOLVPKDVVSUHDGDQGFRQWLQXHVWRGRVRIXUWLYHO\
VXEYHUVLYHO\IUHHO\EH\RQGWKHVSDWLDODQGWHPSRUDOOLPLWVWKDWWKHGLVFLSOLQHRIDUW
KLVWRU\WHQGVWRDVVLJQWRDQDUWLVWDPRYHPHQWDVW\OHDSHULRG,WLVWKLVVSDFHWKLV
FRQYHUJHQFHEHWZHHQWKHKHUHDQGWKHWKHUHWKHWKHQDQGWKHQRZWKDWLVLQWULQVLFWR
&£UGHQDVɛVZRUNDVZHOO
b

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 8

4. Beyond Surrealism
20 7KH  *DOHULH  GX  'UDJRQ  ZDV  D  JDWKHULQJ  SODFH  IRU  ZULWHUV  SRHWV  DQG  DUWLVWV  DFURVV
JHQHUDWLRQV  DQG  DIILOLDWLRQV  SURPRWLQJ  VXUUHDOLVP  DV  ZHOO  DV  /DWLQ  $PHULFDQ  DUW
)RXQGHGLQWKHJDOOHU\KRVWHGWZRRQHSHUVRQH[KLELWLRQVRI&£UGHQDVLQDQG
DQGIHDWXUHGKLVZRUNLQm6HSWDUWLVWHVODWLQRDP«ULFDLQV}LQ$UHJXODU
FRQWULEXWRUWRWKHJDOOHU\ɛVSXEOLFDWLRQV‹GRXDUG*OLVVDQWDXWKRUHGWKHWH[Wm/H0RQGH
O«JHQGDLUHGH&£UGHQDV}IRUWKHILUVWH[KLELWLRQLQ
21 ,QWKLVWH[W*OLVVDQWHODERUDWHVRQWKHUK\WKPLFPRYHPHQWERWKZLWKLQHDFKVFXOSWXUH
əWKHRXWZDUGVXUJLQJWRWHPV FHQWULIXJDO LQFRQWUDVWWRWKHLQZDUGIROGLQJPDUEOHV
FHQWULSHWDO əDQGDFURVVKLVHQWLUHRHXYUHZKHUHE\DOOPRYHPHQWRFFXUVLQWDQGHP
ZLWKDɝYHQWLODWLRQɞRIWKHPDWHULDO
/HWPHSRLQWRXWDWRQFHWKDWWKHXSZDUGWKUXVWRQRQHKDQG WKHWRWHPV WKH
ZLWKGUDZDODQGFRQFHQWUDWLRQRQWKHRWKHU WKHPDUEOHV QHYHUGHYLDWHIURPD
YHQWLODWLRQRIWKHPDWHULDOQRWRQO\DYHQWLODWLRQRIWKHPDWHULDOQRWRQO\EHFDXVH
WKHUHDUHRIFRXUVHRSHQLQJVLQWKHVFXOSWHGYROXPHEXWDOVREHFDXVHLWLVJLYHQ
RYHU WR WKH VSLUDO WR FXUYLQJ LQ XSRQ LWVHOI WR WKH WXUQLQJ PRWLRQ ZKLFK OLQNV
WRWHPVDQGPDUEOHVWKHVXUJLQJEXVWVDQGWKHJUHDWEXUQWWUHHVWKHEXWWHUIOLHVVR
DVWRQLVKLQJO\OLJKWLQWKHLUPDVVDQGWKHKHDGVZDWKHGLQWKHLUVWRQHVKHHW7KH
ZRUOGZHKDYHKHUHSDUWLFLSDWHVLQWKHGUDZLQJRXWPRWLRQZKLFKLVSHUKDSVLQ
VFXOSWXUH  WKH  DUW  RI  FRQMHFWXUH  $QG  WKLV  ZRUOG  GHYHORSV  VLPXOWDQHRXVO\  LQ  WKH
URXQGHGIRUPVZKLFKPHDQLQJIXOO\PDUNHGKHLJKWHQHGE\ULGJHVWKRUQVKDUGRU
HOHJDQWIHVWRRQVEHDUZLWQHVVKHUHWRJURZWK IHFXQGWLPH DQGHQULFKPHQW+HQFH
RQHFDQVD\WKDWDOZD\V&DUGHQDVɛZRUNFRQWLQXHV
22 *OLVVDQWɛV LQVLVWHQFH RQ ERWK WKH RUJDQLF DQG WKH WHPSRUDO UHVRQDWHV ZLWK LQWHUZDU
GLVFRXUVH  RQ  ELRPRUSKLVP  DQG  YLWDOLVPəLQ  WKH  ZRUN  RI  $US  IRU  LQVWDQFH  D  PDMRU
VRXUFHRILQVSLUDWLRQIRUWKH&XEDQDUWLVWəDQGmDNLQGRIXQIROGLQJWKURXJKWLPHZKLFK
ZHDVVRFLDWHZLWKWKHSKHQRPHQRQRIJURZWK}WKDW5RVDOLQG.UDXVVKDVLGHQWLILHG
7KH0DUWLQLTXDQSRHWUHQHZHGKLVWULEXWHWRWKHVFXOSWRULQm6HSWSD\VDJHVSRXUOHV
VFXOSWXUHV  GH  &£UGHQDV} D  FDWDORJ  HVVD\  IRU  WKH  DUWLVW ɛV  RQHPDQ  H[KLELWLRQ  DW  WKH
3DULVLDQJDOOHU\/H3RLQW&DUGLQDOLQ7KRXJKKHQHYHUIRUPDOO\EHORQJHGWRWKH
VXUUHDOLVWJURXS*OLVVDQWIUHTXHQWHG%UHWRQɛVVWXGLRDQGDVVRFLDWHGZLWKZULWHUVDQG
DUWLVWV  LQFOXGLQJ  &£UGHQDV  DQG  /DP  DPRQJ  RWKHUV  ZKR  SDUWLFLSDWHG  LQ  VXUUHDOLVW
FROOHFWLYHDFWLYLWLHV7KHFROODERUDWLRQEHWZHHQ&£UGHQDVDQG*OLVVDQWZDVUHFLSURFDO
LPDJHVRIZRUNVRQSDSHUE\WKHVFXOSWRUFRPSOHPHQWHG*OLVVDQWɛVZULWLQJV3XEOLVKHG
E\  ‹GLWLRQV  GX  'UDJRQ  LQ    D  VSHFLDO  HGLWLRQ  RI  *OLVVDQWɛV  SRHP  Boises: Histoire
naturelle d’une aridité ZLWK  IRXU  RULJLQDO  HWFKLQJV  E\  &£ UGHQDV ZDV  LVVXHG  LQ  VL[W\
QXPEHUHGFRSLHVVLJQHGE\WKHDXWKRUDQGDUWLVW Fig. 3 +LVGUDZLQJVDOVRJUDFHG
WKHFRYHUVRIWKHILUVWPDQXVFULSWRI*OLVVDQWɛVDiscours antillaisDQGWKHVXEVHTXHQW
SDSHUEDFNHGLWLRQ ‹GLWLRQVGX6HXLO 
b

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 9

Fig. 3: Édouard Glissant and Agustín Cárdenas, Boises. Histoire naturelle d’une aridité. Eaux-fortes
de Cárdenas, Galerie du Dragon, Paris, 1979.

Courtesy Cárdenas Estate.

23 &KDUDFWHULVWLF  RI  WKH  mWRWHPLF}  ERG\  RI  ZRUN  H[KLELWHG  LQ  WKH  ODWH  LQWHUQDWLRQDO


H[KLELWLRQVRIVXUUHDOLVPWKHFDUYHGZRRGVFXOSWXUHVHQWHUWDLQREYLRXVWLHVWRQRQ
:HVWHUQPRGHOVZKLFKZHUHDOVRDQXELTXLWRXVVRXUFHRILQVSLUDWLRQDQGLQQRYDWLRQLQ
GHILQLQJ  ZRUNV  RI  PRGHUQLVW  VFXOSWXUH  E\  DUWLVWV  ZKRP  &£UGHQDV  UHYHUHG  7KH
JHQHDORJ\RIWKLVWURSHH[WHQGVLQWRWKHSRVWZDUSHULRGDQGDFURVVWKH$PHULFDVERWK
LQ  SDLQWLQJ  DQG  VFXOSWXUH  ,Q  WKH  V  'DYLG  6PLWK  FUHDWHG  D  VHULHV  RI  ZHOGHG
mSHUVRQDJHV}  WLWOHG  m7DQNWRWHP}  IURP  LQGXVWULDO  PDFKLQH  SDUWV  /RXLVH  %RXUJHRLV
VFXOSWHGILOLIRUPSRO\FKURPHZRRGILJXUHV,VDPX1RJXFKLIDVKLRQHGWRWHPLFIRUPVRXW
RIZRRGDQGVWRQHDVZHOODVFROXPQVRIOLJKWIURPZLUHDQGSDSHUIRUKLV$NDULODPSV
$OLFLD3HQDOEDFDVWKHUYHUWLFDOEURQ]HmORYHWRWHPV}IURPPRGHOHGFOD\,QUHIHUHQFH
WR 6LJPXQG)UHXGɛVTotem and TabooDWRXFKVWRQHIRUVXUUHDOLVWWKRXJKWəRQGLVSOD\
PRVW  QRWDEO\  LQ  WKHLU    Exposition internationale du surréalisme—WKH  0XV«H  Gɛ$UW
0RGHUQHGHOD9LOOHGH3DULVIHDWXUHG:LIUHGR/DP5REHUWR0DWWDDQG$OLFLD3HQDOED
LQWKHH[KLELWLRQTotems et tabous.2IWKHWKUHH/DWLQ$PHULFDQH[SDWULDWHDUWLVWV
RQO\3HQDOEDQHYHUSDUWLFLSDWHGLQWKHDFWLYLWLHVRIWKHVXUUHDOLVWPRYHPHQWDOWKRXJK
FULWLFVDQGDUWKLVWRULDQVKDYHGUDZQSDUDOOHOVEHWZHHQKHUZRUNDQGVXUUHDOLVP
24 0DQ\RI&£UGHQDVɛVHDUO\mWRWHPV}FDQEHDVFULEHGWRDEVWUDFWSRUWUDLWXUHDVWKHLU
WLWOHV  RIWHQ  DWWHVW  2QH  SDUWLFXODUO\  VWULNLQJ  H[DPSOH  Mon Ombre Après Minuit 0\
6KDGRZ$IWHU0LGQLJKW >@VLJQDOVWKHDUWLVWɛVDQFHVWUDOWLHVWR:HVW$IULFDDVZHOO
DVWKHVXUUHDOLVWWURSHVRIWKHGRXEOHDQGWKHQRFWXUQDOUHDOPRIWKHVXEFRQVFLRXV
Fig. 4  $QLPSRVLQJILJXUHRYHUHLJKWIHHWWDOOWKHPRQXPHQWDOVFXOSWXUHLVLQIRUPHG
E\  WKH  'RJRQ  FDUYLQJV  WKDW  &£UGHQDV  ILUVW  HQFRXQWHUHG  WKURXJK  UHSURGXFWLRQV  LQ
+DYDQD  DQG  ODWHU  LQ  3DULVLDQ  FROOHFWLRQV  )URQWDO  DQG  IODW  ZLWK  EODFN  DQG  ZKLWH
FRQWUDVWVKHLJKWHQLQJLWVJUDSKLFTXDOLW\WKHZRUNVKDUHVWKHVHIRUPDOTXDOLWLHVZLWKD
ERG\RIVFXOSWXUHVUHIHUHQFLQJGRRUVDQGZLQGRZVDVERWKWKHLUSODQDUDVSHFWDQG
WLWOHVLQGLFDWHPorte de l’histoire   La Petite porte   Après la fenêtre  
DPRQJRWKHUV

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 10

b
Fig. 4: Agustín Cárdenas standing with Mon ombre après minuit (My Shadow After Midnight) outside
his Meudon studio, wood, paint, 243 x 77 x 10 cm.

Photograph © Pierre Golendorf. Courtesy Cárdenas Estate.

25 5HIHUULQJWR&£UGHQDVɛRHXYUHLQJHQHUDODQGWKHH[WUDRUGLQDU\GH[WHULW\ZLWKZKLFK
KHSOLHVERWKPDWHULDODQGVSDFH*OLVVDQWKDVREVHUYHG
7KHRSHQLQJVRIVSDFHWKURXJKZKLFKWKHVFXOSWXUHLVLQKDELWHGZHJRWKURXJKDQG
QRWMXVWWXUQDURXQGLW>ɣ@ɣWKHGRRUOHDGVXVLUUHVLVWLEO\WRWKHIDPRXV'RRURIWKH
6XQWKDWVWDQGVRQWKH3ODWHDXVRIWKH$QGHV:HILUVWVHHWKDWZKDWLVLQWHUZRYHQ
LQVLGHWKH'RRULVQRWDQREVWDFOH,WLVZKDWDOORZVXVWRHQWHUWRJRWKURXJK7KLV
LVZKHUHZHILQGWKHJXLGLQJSULQFLSOHRI&£UGHQDVVFXOSWXUH:HJRWKURXJKVSDFHV
ZHGRQRWFRQWHPSODWHWKHP
26 Inti Punku, «WKHGRRURIWKHVXQ}LQ4XHFKXDZDVWKHJDWHZD\WRWKHVDFUHG,QFDFLW\RI
0DFKX3LFFKXWKHSRUWDORQO\DIHZVHOHFWSHRSOHZHUHDEOHWRHQWHUWKHWKUHVKROG
EHWZHHQWKHHDUWKDQGWKHVXQWKHWHUUHVWULDODQGWKHFHOHVWLDO%H\RQGWKHREYLRXV
WKHPDWLFOLQNWRWKHDUFKLWHFWXUDOWKHPHLQ&£UGHQDVWKHVLJQLILFDQFHRIWKLVUHIHUHQFH
FDQQRWEHRYHUVWDWHG*OLVVDQWUHODWHVWKHVFXOSWRUɛVRHXYUHWRWKHWUDGLWLRQVRIWKH
DQFLHQW$PHULFDVDQGWKHVWRQHVWUXFWXUHVRIWKRVHLQGLJHQRXVFXOWXUHVZKRVHVDFUHG
VSDFHV  ZHUH  LPPXWDEO\  URRWHG  LQ  WKH  QDWXUDO  HQYLURQPHQW  7KHVH  UHIHUHQFHV  DUH
KDUGO\IRUWXLWRXVVLQFH&£UGHQDVɛVHFOHFWLFLQWHUHVWVZKLFKUDQWKHJDPXWIURPSRHWU\
DQG  PXVLF  WR  WKH  YLVXDO  DUWV  RI  ZRUOG  FXOWXUHV  QRXULVKHG  KLV  VFXOSWXUDO  RXWSXW  DV
GRFXPHQWHG  LQ  WKH  DUUD\  RI  SXEOLFDWLRQV  LQFOXGLQJ  ERRNV  RQ  SUH&ROXPELDQ
FLYLOL]DWLRQVLQKLVSHUVRQDOOLEUDU\
27 ,QWKHVDQGV&£UGHQDVVFDOHGXSWKHIRUPVRIKLVWRWHPLFERG\RIZRUNWR
FDUYHPDVVLYHZRUNVIURPORFDOYDULHWLHVRIVWRQHZKLOHSDUWLFLSDWLQJLQLQWHUQDWLRQDO
VFXOSWXUH  V\PSRVLXPV  LQ  $XVWULD  ,VUDHO  -DSDQ  DQG  &DQDGD  DQG  UHFHLYLQJ  SXEOLF
FRPPLVVLRQVWRFUHDWHPRQXPHQWDOSURMHFWVLQ6HRXO6RXWK.RUHDDQG)UDQFH2QH

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 11

SDUWLFXODUO\VDOLHQWH[DPSOHPorte d’eau  DWRZHULQJWRWHPLFFRXSOHIRUJHGIURP


LURNRZRRGDGHQVHZHDWKHUUHVLVWDQW$IULFDQWHDNVWDQGVRQHLWKHUVLGHRIWKHURDGDW
WKH  HQWUDQFH  WR  WKH  ROG  URXWH  GX  /DF  9HUW  OHDGLQJ  WKURXJK  WKH  IRUHVWHG  ODQGVFDSH
DGMDFHQWWR0RQW%ODQF&KDUDFWHULVWLFRIWKHDIRUHPHQWLRQHGSRUWDOVOHDGLQJIURP
RQHUHDOPWRDQRWKHUəZKHWKHUWKHWHUUHVWULDODQGWKHFHOHVWLDOWKHFRUSRUHDODQGWKH
PHQWDOWKHLQWHULRUDQGWKHH[WHULRUWKHZRUOGO\DQGWKHVSLULWXDOWKHDQFLHQWDQGWKH
FRQWHPSRUDU\əWKURXJKLWVPDWHULDOVIRUPVDQGVHWWLQJWKHVFXOSWXUDOSDLUEOHQGVLQ
ZLWKLWVVXUURXQGLQJVDQGVLOHQWO\VXJJHVWVWKHJHQHDORJLFDOWLHVWKDWFRQQHFWLWWRRWKHU
ODQGVDQGHUDV$GHFDGHHDUOLHU&£UGHQDVKDGFDUYHGIURPWKHORFDOOLPHVWRQHDQRWKHU
FRORVVDOILJXUHULVLQJXSIURPWKHOXQDUODQGVFDSHRYHUORRNLQJWKH5DPRQ&UDWRULQWKH
1HJHY'HVHUWRI,VUDHOThe Divinity of the Moon  DSSURSULDWHO\WLWOHGDIWHUWKH
IHPDOH  GHLW\  SUHVLGLQJ  RYHU  WKH  GHVHUW  VFXOSWXUH  SDUN  7KH  VWDUN  FRQWUDVWV  LQ  WKH
QDWXUDO  PDWHULDOV  IRUPV  DQG  VHWWLQJV  LQIRUPLQJ  WKHVH  WZR  VLWHVSHFLILF  SURMHFWV
GHPRQVWUDWH  KRZ  &£UGHQDV  LQWHJUDWHG  KLV  SURFHVV  DQG  YLVXDO  YRFDEXODU\  LQWR
GLVWLQFWLYHFRQWH[WVWHWKHULQJKLVFRQWHPSRUDU\VFXOSWXUDOSUDFWLFHWRYDVWH[SDQVHVRI
VSDFHDQGJHRORJLFDOWLPH
28 $OWKRXJKWKHGHHSO\VSLULWXDOGLPHQVLRQRIKLVZRUNVILQGVLWVXOWLPDWHH[SUHVVLRQLQ
WKHVHPRQXPHQWDOSURMHFWVDmPDJLFDOFLUFXPVWDQWLDO}DVSHFWUHVRQDWHVWKURXJKRXW
KLVRHXYUHLQLWVHYRFDWLRQRIWKHQDWXUDOZRUOGDQGHVRWHULFSUDFWLFHVEl Quarto Famba
 IRULQVWDQFHZKRVHWLWOHUHIHUVWRWKHHQFORVHGVSDFHZKHUHWKHLQLWLDWLRQULWHVRI
WKHHDUOLHVW$IUR&XEDQVHFUHWVRFLHW\$EDNX£WDNHSODFH$OWKRXJK&£UGHQDVQHYHU
EHORQJHGWRWKHH[FOXVLYHO\PDOHDQWL6SDQLVKFRORQLDOLVWVHFUHWVRFLHW\ZKRVH&XEDQ
EHJLQQLQJV GDWH WR WKH HDUO\ QLQHWHHQWK FHQWXU\ E\ WKH PLGWZHQWLHWK $EDNX£ KDG
ILOWHUHGWKURXJKWKHLVODQGɛVSRSXODUFXOWXUHHVSHFLDOO\PXVLFDOWUDGLWLRQVEXWDOVRWKH
YLVXDODUWV,QDFDQYDVWLWOHGL’Atelier [Cuarto Fambá]:LIUHGR/DPLPDJLQHVWKH
DUWLVWɛVVWXGLRDVWKH$EDNX£LQLWLDWLRQURRPDUHYHDOLQJDQDORJ\WKDWUHLQIRUFHVWKH
P\VWHULRXVHQFKDQWHGWHUULWRU\FRPPRQWRERWK
29 :KLOH  &£UGHQDV ZDV  SUHVHQWLQJ  KLV  ZRUN  LQ  VXUUHDOLVW  H[KLELWLRQV  DQG  DIILOLDWHG
JDOOHULHVKHDOVRSDUWLFLSDWHGLQDQQXDOVDORQVDQGJURXSVKRZV,QKHZDVD
PHPEHURIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHDVZHUH/DPDQG0DWWDDPRQJRWKHUVIRUm/ɛDUW
ODWLQRDP«ULFDLQ¢3DULV}KHOGDWWKH0XV«HGɛ$UW0RGHUQHGHOD9LOOHGH3DULVIURP
$XJXVWWR2FWREHU6KRZFDVLQJWKHUHFHQWSURGXFWLRQRIVFXOSWXUHVSDLQWLQJV
DQGZRUNVRQSDSHUE\RYHUDKXQGUHGDQGWKLUW\DUWLVWVIURPGLYHUVH/DWLQ$PHULFDQ
FRXQWULHVUHVLGLQJLQ3DULVWKHH[KLELWLRQLQFOXGHG&£UGHQDVɛVFXOSWXUHLQHERQ\
Colonne du feu2DVZHOODVWZRZDWHUFRORUV$QHYHQEURDGHUFRQWH[WLQZKLFK&£UGHQDV
H[KLELWHGKLVVFXOSWXUHZDVWKHSRVWZDU6FKRRORI3DULVRUm1RXYHOOH‹FROHGH3DULV}DV
LWZDVFRLQHGE\&KDUOHV(VWLHQQH,QJURXSVKRZVVXFKDVm&LQTMHXQHVVFXOSWHXUVGH
Oɛ‹FROHGH3DULV}KHOGDWWKH*DOHULH6DLQW$JXVWLQLQRUWKHDQQXDOVDORQVLQ3DULV
əm6DORQGHODMHXQHVFXOSWXUH}IURPm5«DOLW«V1RXYHOOHV}IURPWR
  RU  m6DORQ  GH  0DL}  IURP    WR  ə&£UGHQDV EHQHILWHG  IURP  D  UHJXODU
SODWIRUPIRUVKRZLQJKLVDUWZRUNWKURXJKRXWWKHV
30 7KH  VSHFLDO  WZHQW\WKLUG  HGLWLRQ  RI  WKH  6DORQ  GH  0DL  RUJDQL]HG  XQGHU  WKH  DUWLVWLF
GLUHFWLRQRI/DPDQGKHOGLQ+DYDQDLQZDVWKHRFFDVLRQIRU&£UGHQDVWRUHWXUQWR
KLVKRPHODQGIRUWKHILUVWWLPHLQRYHUDGHFDGH$WWKHHQGRI-XQHWKDW\HDU/DP
DUULYHG  LQ  +DYDQD  ZLWK  WKH  ILUVW  FRQWLQJHQW  RI  HLJKWHHQ  LQWHUQDWLRQDO  DUWLVWV  DQG
LQWHOOHFWXDOVLQFOXGLQJ&£UGHQDV$QRWKHUJURXSIROORZHGDPRQWKODWHUDUULYLQJMXVWLQ
WLPHWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQWKHFROOHFWLYHSDLQWLQJHYHQW/DPKDGRUJDQL]HGRQWKHHYHQLQJ

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 12

RI-XO\0HDVXULQJILYHE\WHQPHWHUVWKHPRQXPHQWDORLORQFDQYDVWLWOHGCuba
Colectiva Fig. 5 IHDWXUHGDQLPPHQVHVSLUDOPRWLIFRPSULVLQJVHSDUDWHVHFWLRQVHDFK
SDLQWHG  E\  D  GLIIHUHQW  DUWLVW  ZLWK  /DPɛV  FRQWULEXWLRQ  DW  WKH  FHQWHU  $URXQG  RQH
KXQGUHG  DUW  ZRUOG  LQVLGHUV  ERWK  IURP  &XED  DQG  IURP  DEURDG  SDUWLFLSDWHG  LQ  WKH
IHVWLYHmKDSSHQLQJ}SHUIRUPHGEHIRUHDMXELODQWFURZGRIRQORRNHUV7KH6DOµQGH
0D\RRSHQHGWRPXFKIDQIDUHLQ+DYDQDDWWKHPabellón&XEDRQ-XO\ZLWKRYHU
WZRKXQGUHGZRUNVE\DQLQWHUQDWLRQDOURVWHURIDERXWDKXQGUHGDQGILIW\DUWLVWV
PDQ\RIZKRPKDGWLHVWRWKHEURDGHUVXUUHDOLVWRUELW
b
Fig. 5: Cuba Colectiva, work in progress, Pabellón de Cuba, Havana, July 17, 1967.

Photograph courtesy of La Jarabilla.

31 8ELTXLWRXVLQQDWXUDOIRUPVVXFKDVWKHXQOLPLWHGZKRUOVRIILQJHUSULQWVWKHVWUXFWXUHV
RIVHDVKHOOVFOLPDFWLFSKHQRPHQDVXFKDVWRUQDGRVRUZKLUOZLQGVRUWKHSODQHWVLQWKH
FRVPRVVSLUDOVəZLWKWKHLULQILQLWHPRWLRQERWKLQZDUGDQGRXWZDUGəFKDUDFWHUL]HWKH
LQFHVVDQWPRYHPHQWDQGG\QDPLVPRIWKHWZLVWLQJLQWHUWZLQLQJIRUPVWKDWDQLPDWH
&£UGHQDVɛVVFXOSWXUHVDQGUHVRQDWHLQWKHSRHWU\RI3D]DVZHKDYHVHHQ%XWWKHVSLUDO
LVDOVRDNLQWRDWDUJHWZKRVHFHQWHUPDUNVDVSRWOLNHWKHFURVVURDGVDORQJDSDWKWKH
PHHWLQJSRLQWRUmTXDWUHFKHPLQV}ZKHUHZRUOGVDQGFXUUHQWVFRQYHUJHəWKHVSDFHRI
WKH&DULEEHDQDVWKHVRXUFHRI*OLVVDQWɛVWKRXJKWLVHPERGLHGLQ&£UGHQDVɛVRHXYUH
3RVWZDU  3DULV  ZDV  DOVR  D  KXE  IRU  LQWHUQDWLRQDO  DUWLVWV  DQG  DUWLVWLF  FXUUHQWV  DV  ZDV
VXUUHDOLVP  D  ORFXV  RI  FROOHFWLYH  DFWLYLW\  'UDZLQJ  XSRQ  KLV  $IULFDQ  KHULWDJH
UHDSSURSULDWLQJWKH:HVWHUQPRGHUQLVWɝSULPLWLYLVWɞVFXOSWXUDOLGLRPVDWPLGFHQWXU\
DQG  SURELQJ  WKH  IDWKRPOHVV  GHSWKV  RI  D  FRPPRQ  KXPDQLW\  WKH  VFXOSWRUɛV  üXYUH
VSULQJV  IURP  WKLV  FRQIOXHQFH  KHUDOGLQJ  RXU  ERXQGOHVV  FRQWHPSRUDU\  ZRUOG
8QIDOWHULQJ  LQ  KLV  FHOHEUDWLRQ  RI  &£UGHQDV  ‹GRXDUG  *OLVVDQW  ZKR  UHFRJQL]HG  WKH
VKDUHGVRXUFHRIWKHLUSRHWLFGRPDLQVRIIHUHGDSUHVFLHQWDSSUDLVDORIWKHSHUWLQHQFH
DQGWLPHOLQHVVRIWKH&XEDQɛVRHXYUHZKLFKRQO\FRQWLQXHVWRJURZWRWKLVGD\m,W
PLJKWWDNHWLPHIRURSLQLRQWREHFRQYLQFHGWKDWWKHUHZHKDYHRQHRIWKHJUHDWHVW
FRQWHPSRUDU\VFXOSWRUV}

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 13

BIBLIOGRAPHY
$OHVVDQGUR6WHSKDQLHGɛɘ*DOH0DWWKHZ HGV Surrealism Beyond Borders1HZ+DYHQ<DOH
8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV

%UHWRQ$QGU«m$JXVW¯Q&£UGHQDV}Le Surréalisme et la peintureŒuvres complètes‹WLHQQH


$ODLQ+XEHUW GLU 3DULV‹GLWLRQV*DOOLPDUGWb,9

&£UGHQDV$JXVW¯QQbGmb'HVVLQGH&£UGHQDVVXUOHGRVVLHUGXPDQXVFULWGXDiscours antillais }
)RQGV‹GRXDUG*OLVVDQW%LEOLRWKªTXHQDWLRQDOHGH)UDQFHG«SDUWHPHQWGHVPDQXVFULWV1$)
  

&DWHU6X]\m$6FKL]RSKUHQLD7KDW:DVQɛW2QH‹GRXDUG*OLVVDQWDQG3RHWU\3DLQWLQJDQG
3ROLWLFVLQV3DULV}French ForumSSb

&ROOH0DULH3LHUUHLatin American Artists in Their Studios1HZ<RUN9HQGRPH3UHVV

'LDZDUD0DQWKLDɘ*HLV7HUULm7KH1HZ6DFUHG6LQFH$QGU«%UHWRQDQG‹GRXDUG
*OLVVDQW}Arts & Cultures*HQHYD%DUELHU0XHOOHU0XVHXPSS

)ODKXWH])DEULFHNouveau monde et nouveau mythe : Mutations du surréalisme, de l’exil


américain à « l’Écart absolu » (1941-1965)'LMRQ/HV3UHVVHVGXU«HO

)OHWFKHU9DOHULHMarvelous Objects: Surrealist Sculpture from Paris to New York:DVKLQJWRQ


'&DQG0XQLFK+LUVKKRUQ0XVHXPDQG6FXOSWXUH*DUGHQDQG'HOPRQLFR%RRNV3UHVWHO

)RXFDXOW$QQHHistoire du surréalisme ignoré : Du déshonneur des poètes au « surréalisme


éternel »3DULV‹GLWLRQV+HUPDQQ

)RXFDXOW$QQHmb'«FHQWUHUODFDUWHG«FHQWUHUOɛKRPPH(VSDFHVJ«RJUDSKLTXHVHW
ɝPRQGLDWLRQVɞb}Les Cahiers du Musée national d’art modernHSS

*DOHULHGX'UDJRQSept artistes latino-américains3DULV*DOHULHGX'UDJRQ

*DOHULH/D&RXUGɛ,QJUHVCárdenas : Sculpture, Dessins3DULV*DOHULH/D&RXUGɛ,QJUHV

*DOHULH/H3RLQW&DUGLQDOCárdenas, Sculptures récentes1972-733DULV/H3RLQW&DUGLQDO

*HLV7HUULmɝ0\*RGGHVVHVDQG0\0RQVWHUVɞ0DULD0DUWLQVDQG6XUUHDOLVPLQWKH
V}Surrealism in Latin America: Vivísimo Muerto'DZQ$GHV HG /RV$QJHOHV*HWW\5HVHDUFK
,QVWLWXWH

*LUDUG;DYLHUm/DVFXOSWXUHVXUERLVGɛ$JXVW¯Q&£UGHQDV}Cárdenas : Bois3DULV-*0
*DOHULH

*LUDXGR9LFWRULDAlicia Penalba, Paris après-guerre3DULVDQG/\RQ)RQGDWLRQ*LDFRPHWWL


)DJHV«GLWLRQV

*OLVVDQW‹GRXDUGm/H0RQGHO«JHQGDLUHGH&£UGHQDV}Cárdenas3DULV*DOHULHGX'UDJRQ

*OLVVDQW‹GRXDUGDm6HSWSD\VDJHVSRXUOHVVFXOSWXUHVGH&£UGHQDV}Cárdenas : Marbres et
bronzes, 1975-19793DULV/H3RLQW&DUGLQDO

*OLVVDQW‹GRXDUGEBoises. Histoire naturelle d’une aridité3DULV*DOHULHGX'UDJRQ

*OLVVDQW‹GRXDUGPoétique de la relation. Poétique III3DULV‹GLWLRQV*DOOLPDUG

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 14

*OLVVDQW‹GRXDUGUne Nouvelle Région du Monde. Esthétique I3DULV‹GLWLRQV*DOOLPDUG

*OLVVDQW‹GRXDUGm&DUFɛHVWWRXMRXUVGHSD\VDJHTXɛLOVɛDJLW}XQSXEOLVKHGGUDIWRIWH[WRQ
&£UGHQDV)RQGV*OLVVDQW%LEOLRWKªTXHQDWLRQDOHGH)UDQFHG«SDUWHPHQWGHVPDQXVFULWV1$)
  

*OLVVDQW‹GRXDUGm3D\VU¬Y«SD\VU«HO}XQSXEOLVKHGGUDIWRIWH[WRQ&£UGHQDV)RQGV*OLVVDQW
%LEOLRWKªTXHQDWLRQDOHGH)UDQFHG«SDUWHPHQWGHVPDQXVFULWV1$)  

*XJJHQKHLP3HJJ\ HG Art of This Century: Objects, Drawings, Photographs, Paintings,


Sculpture, Collages, 1910 to 19421HZ<RUN$UWRI7KLV&HQWXU\

+RZDUG&ODLUHm7KH(QFKDQWHUVɛ'RPDLQ2FHDQLDWKH1RUWKZHVW&RDVWDQG1HZ<RUN}
Surrealism Beyond Borders6WHSKDQLHGɛ$OHVVDQGUR 0DWWKHZ*DOH HGV 1HZ+DYHQ<DOH
8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVSS

.DOWHU0DULRQAll About Ted Joans3DULV%RRN0DFKLQH

-RDQV7HGSure, Really I Is+DUSIRUG6LGPRXWK'HYRQ75$16)250$F7,21

.UDXVV5RVDOLQGPassages in Modern Sculpture&DPEULGJH0,73UHVV

0DKRQ$O\FHSurrealism and the Politics of Eros, 1938-681HZ<RUN7KDPHV +XGVRQ

0DODJRGL(OHQDɘ/RPEDUGL(OHRQRUD HGV Carrara, Cárdenas e la Negritudine&DUUDUD


&HQWUR$UWL3ODVWLFKL*DOOHULD'XRPR

0DQGLDUJXHV$QGU«3LH\UHGHm5HPHUFLRQV&£UGHQDV}Cárdenas : Sculptures Récentes,


1973-19753DULV/H3RLQW&DUGLQDO

0F(ZHQ$ELJDLOm7UDYHOLQJ%ODFNQHVV}Agustín Cárdenas/RQGRQ$NWLV*DOOHU\

0F(ZHQ$ELJDLORevolutionary Horizons: Art and Polemics in 1950s Cuba1HZ+DYHQ<DOH


8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV

0LOOHU,YRUm$6HFUHW6RFLHW\*RHV3XEOLF7KH5HODWLRQVKLS%HWZHHQ$EDNX£DQG3RSXODU
&XEDQ&XOWXUH}African Studies ReviewSS

0LVVLU0DULH/DXUHJoyce Mansour, une étrange demoiselle3DULV‹GLWLRQV-HDQ0LFKHO3ODFH

0RVTXHUD*HUDUGRm$IULFDLQWKH$UWRI/DWLQ$PHULFD}Art JournalSS

0XV«HGɛ$UW0RGHUQHGHOD9LOOHGH3DULVm/ɛDUWODWLQRDP«ULFDLQ¢3DULV}H[KLELWLRQILOH
0$0$5&+(;320$0/$0XV«HGɛ$UW0RGHUQHGHOD9LOOHGH3DULV2WWLQJHU'LGLHU HG 
DDictionnaire de l’objet surréaliste3DULV‹GLWLRQV*DOOLPDUG

2WWLQJHU'LGLHUELa sculpture au défi : surréalisme et matérialisme3DULV/ɛ‹FKRSSH

3D]2FWDYLRmb3RHPDFLUFXODWRULR SDUDODGHVRULHQWDFLµQJHQHUDO b}Obras completas


0H[LFR)RQGRGH&XOWXUD(FRQµPLFDW

3KLOEULFN-DQH HG The Return of the Cadavre Exquis1HZ<RUN7KH'UDZLQJ&HQWHU

3LHUUH-RV«m/D3HUOH1RLUHHWOH5XELV}Agustín Cárdenas Sculptures/Fayad Jamís Peintures


3DULV‚Oɛ‹WRLOH6FHOO«H

3LHUUH-RV«La Sculpture de Cárdenas%UXVVHOV/D&RQQDLVVDQFH

3LHUUH-RV«m(O4XDUWR)DPED}Cárdenas, sculptures récentes, 1972-19733DULV/H3RLQW


&DUGLQDO

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 15

3LHUUH-RV«m(QTX¬WHb2»HQVRPPHVQRXVDYHFOH6XUU«DOLVPH"  }%R°WH3,5


)RQGV-RV«3LHUUH,QVWLWXW0«PRLUHVGHOɛ‹GLWLRQ&RQWHPSRUDLQH ,0(& $EED\HGɛ$UGHQQH
6DLQW*HUPDLQOD%ODQFKH+HUEH

3RZHU6XVDQmb/HVH[SRVLWLRQVVXUU«DOLVWHVHQ$P«ULTXHGX1RUGb7HUUDLQ
GɛH[S«ULPHQWDWLRQGHU«FHSWLRQHWGHGLIIXVLRQ  b}3K'GLVVHUWDWLRQXQLYHUVLW«GH
3DULV,3DQWK«RQ6RUERQQH

3RZHU6XVDQDmb6XUUHDOLVW,QWUXVLRQRQ0DGLVRQ$YHQXHb}Networking Surrealism in
the USA: Agents, Artists, and the Market-XOLD'URVW)DEULFH)ODKXWH]$QQH+HOPUHLFK 0DUWLQ
6FKLHGHU HGV 3DULV*HUPDQ&HQWHUIRU$UW+LVWRU\SS

3RZHU6XVDQEm5HQGHULQJWKH6KDGRZVRIWKH8QFRQVFLRXV$JXVW¯Q&£UGHQDVɛV:RUNVRQ
3DSHU}Cárdenas: Mon ombre après minuit3DULV0DLVRQGHOɛ$P«ULTXHODWLQHSS

3RZHU6XVDQFm$JXVW¯Q&£UGHQDV6FXOSWLQJWKHɝ0HPRU\RIWKH)XWXUHɞ}bJournal of
Surrealism and the AmericasSS

5HVWDQ\3LHUUHLyrisme et abstraction0LODQ$SROOLQDLUH

5HVWDQ\3LHUUHm&£UGHQDV}CimaiseS

5LFKDUG)HLJHQ*DOOHU\Cárdenas&KLFDJR5LFKDUG)HLJHQ*DOOHU\

5LFKDUGVRQ0LFKDHOm6XUUHDOLVP)DFHGZLWK&XOWXUDO'LIIHUHQFH}Cosmopolitan Modernisms
.REHQD0HUFHU HG /RQGRQ,QVWLWXWHRI,QWHUQDWLRQDO9LVXDO$UWV 0,73UHVV

6LPV/RZHU\6WRNHVWifredo Lam and the International Avant-Garde, 1923-1982$XVWLQ


8QLYHUVLW\RI7H[DV3UHVV

South Central ReviewVSHFLDOLVVXHm'DGD6XUUHDOLVPDQG&RORQLDOLVP}

9HJD'RSLFR(OVDUno, dos, tres… once: Exposición homenaje al cincuenta aniversario de la


fundación del grupo Los Once+DYDQD0XVHR1DFLRQDOGH%HOODV$UWHV&ROOHFWLRQGH$UWH&XEDQR

:DOG/DVRZVNL$OLRFKD, Édouard Glissant. Artisan du Tout-monde3DULV0LFKHOLQ

:DOGEHUJ3DWULFNTotems et tabous : Lam, Matta, Penalba3DULV0XV«HGɛ$UW0RGHUQHGHOD


9LOOHGH3DULV

NOTES
1.m/HVFXOSWHXUVXUU«DOLVWHSDUH[FHOOHQFH}0DQGLDUJXHVQbS8QOHVVRWKHUZLVHVWDWHGDOO
WUDQVODWLRQVDUHWKHDXWKRUɛVRZQ
2.7KDWVDLG&£UGHQDVGLGVLJQVXUUHDOLVWWUDFWVLQFOXGLQJm/HɝWURLVLªPHGHJU«ɞGHODSHLQWXUH}
2FWREHU      DIWHU  WKH  H[KLELWLRQ  m9LYUH  HW  ODLVVHU  PRXULU  RX  OD  ILQ  WUDJLTXH  GH  0DUFHO
'XFKDPS} *LOOHV$LOODXG(GXDUGR$UUR\R$QWRQLR5HFDOFDWL JDOHULH&UHXVH3DULV6HSWHPEHU
DQGm3RXU&XED}RQ1RYHPEHUSXEOLVKHGLQWKHVXUUHDOLVWSHULRGLFDOL’Archibras
QR 0DUFK 2QWKHSRVWZDUDFWLYLWLHVRIWKH3DULVLDQVXUUHDOLVWPRYHPHQWVHH)RXFDXOW
.
3.m$YH]YRXVUHQFRQWU«LFLXQHIDPLOOHGɛDUWLVWHVTXLFRUUHVSRQGDLW¢YRVERVRQVLQFRQFLHQWV
FɛHVW¢GLUH  TXL  RQW  LQIOXHQF«  YRWUH  WUDYDLO"}  m8QH  HQTX¬WH}  5DGLRGLIIXVLRQ  7«O«YLVLRQ
)UDQ©DLVH6HSWHPEHUYLGHRɛɞDUWFULWLF3LHUUH5HVWDQ\LQWHUYLHZHGE\MRXUQDOLVW
-DFTXHV0RXVVHDXDERXWZKHWKHU3DULVZDVVWLOOWKHDUWLVWLFFDSLWDOLWKDGEHHQILIW\\HDUVHDUOLHU
&£UGHQDV  ZDV  DPRQJ  WKH  LQWHUQDWLRQDO  DUWLVWV  ZRUNLQJ  LQ  DQ  DEVWUDFW  PRGHəLQFOXGLQJ
SULQWPDNHU<R]R+DPDJXFKLSDLQWHUV+LVDR'RPRWRDQG3DXO-HQNLQVVFXOSWRUV$OLFLD3HQDOED

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 16

DQG-DPHV0HWFDOIəLQWHUYLHZHGLQWKHLU3DULVLDQVWXGLRVE\WKHMRXUQDOLVWKWWSVZZZLQDIU
LQDHFODLUHDFWXYLGHRFSIXQHHQTXHWHFRQVXOWHGRQ0DUFK
4.&ROOHSSb
5.m-HQHSHX[TXHYRXVU«SRQGUHR»MɛHQVXLVPRLDYHFOHVXUU«DOLVPH4XDQGMɛDLFRPPHQF«¢
IDLUHGHODVFXOSWXUH¢&XEDMHQHFRQQDLVVDLVSDVOɛH[LVWHQFHGXVXUU«DOLVPHHWMHFU«DLVVHORQPD
QDWXUHSURIRQGH(QDUULYDQW¢3DULVMɛDLHXODJUDQGHMRLHGHUHQFRQWUHU$QGU«%UHWRQHWGH
SRXYRLU  ¬WUH  FRQVLG«U«  FRPPH  XQ  VFXOSWHXU  VXUU«DOLVWH  0D  G«PDUFKH  DFWXHOOH  PH  VHPEOH
DSSDUWHQLUWRXMRXUV¢PRQDXWKHQWLFLW«WRWDOHHWMHSHQVHTXHPRQSURFHVVXVGHFU«DWLRQUHVWH
VXUU«DOLVWH0DLVMHGRLVDMRXWHUFHSHQGDQWTXHGªVTXHMɛDLFRQQXOɛH[LVWHQFHGXVXUU«DOLVPHMH
PHVXLVVHQWLHQSDUIDLWDFFRUGDYHFVDOLJQHHVWK«WLTXH}-RV«3LHUUHmb(QTX¬WHb2»HQVRPPHV
QRXV  DYHF  OH  6XUU«DOLVPH"   b}  %R°WH  3,5  )RQGV  -RV«  3LHUUH  ,QVWLWXW  0«PRLUHV  GH
Oɛ(GLWLRQ&RQWHPSRUDLQH ,0(& $EED\HGɛ$UGHQQH6DLQW*HUPDLQOD%ODQFKH+HUEH
6.)RUDQRYHUYLHZRI&£UGHQDVFDUHHUDQGUHFHSWLRQVHH3RZHUFSSb KWWSVMVD
DVXRUJLQGH[SKS-6$DUWLFOHYLHZFRQVXOWHGRQ0DUFK
7.m/DUHQFRQWUHGɛXQWHOPRXYHPHQWGHVIRUPHVHWGɛXQHWHOOHSDVVLRQGɛH[LVWHQFHOɛD«OX¢XQHGH
FHV  FURLV«HV  PDUTX«HV  GH  OɛLQYLVLEOH  TXH  GDQV  OHV  SURIRQGV  GH  *XDGHORXSH  RQ  DSSHOOH  WRXW
VLPSOHPHQWGɛXQHH[SUHVVLRQOLWW«UDOHHWP\VW«ULHXVHXQTXDWUHFKHPLQV}*OLVVDQW
8.6LWXDWLQJKLVRHXYUHZLWKLQWKHLQWHUVHFWLQJQHWZRUNVDFURVVWKHVHH[SDQVLYHJHRJUDSKLHVWKXV
VKHGV  OLJKW  RQ  WKHVH  LVVXHV  &£UGHQDV  ZRUN  KDV  EHHQ  WKH  VXEMHFW  RI  QXPHURXV  RQHSHUVRQ
H[KLELWLRQVLQFRPPHUFLDOJDOOHULHVDQGDOWHUQDWLYHDUWYHQXHVDVZHOODVFROOHFWLYHH[KLELWLRQV
IHDWXULQJ  VXUUHDOLVW  YLVXDO  SURGXFWLRQ  /DWLQ  $PHULFDQ  DUWLVWV  RU  PRUH  UHFHQWO\  DUWLVWV  RI  WKH
$IULFDQ  GLDVSRUD  VXFK  DV  Afro Modern: Journeys Through the Black Atlantic  KHOG  DW  WKH  7DWH
/LYHUSRRO-DQXDU\$SULO
9.)RUDJHQHDORJ\RI6XUUHDOLVWVFXOSWXUHXSWKURXJKWKHODWHVVHH2WWLQJHUE
10.%UHWRQSb
11. )RU  DUWLVW  DQG  SRHW  DQG  3HJJ\  *XJJHQKHLPɛV  IRUPHU  KXVEDQG  /DXUHQFH  9DLOɛV  (QJOLVK
WUDQVODWLRQRI%UHWRQɛVWH[WVHH*XJJHQKHLP
12.:ULWWHQLQFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKWKHH[KLELWLRQ%UHWRQɛVm&ULVHGHOɛREMHW}LQLWLDOO\SXEOLVKHGLQ
Cahiers d’artDORQJZLWKKLVEULHIWH[WIRUWKHH[KLELWLRQEURFKXUHLQWHJUDWHGWKHIRXUWK
VHFWLRQm$OHQWRXUV}RISurrealism and Painting6HH%UHWRQSSb
13.6FKRODUVKLSRQVXUUHDOLVWVFXOSWXUHper seKDVWKHUHIRUHXQVXUSULVLQJO\UHFHLYHGOHVVDWWHQWLRQ
WKDQRWKHUIRUPVRIYLVXDOH[SUHVVLRQLQVFULEHGZLWKLQWKHPRYHPHQW$PHULFDQDUWKLVWRULDQ
5RVDOLQG  .UDXVV  GHYRWHG  D  OHQJWK\  FKDSWHU  WR  VXUUHDOLVP  LQ  KHU  DQDO\VLV  RI  WKH  WHPSRUDO
GLPHQVLRQ  RI  PRGHUQ  VFXOSWXUH  FLUFXPVFULELQJ  KHU  SXUYLHZ  WR  WKH  HVWDEOLVKHG  FDQRQ  RI
VXUUHDOLVWVFXOSWXUDOSURGXFWLRQLQWKHVDQGV7KHUHVKHHVWDEOLVKHGDVRUWRIW\SRORJ\
RI  VFXOSWXUDO  WHPSRUDOLW\  IURP  WKH  UHDO  RU  H[SHULHQFHG  WLPH  RI  &RQVWDQWLQ  %UDQFXVLɛV  ZRUNV
əmWKHFRQWLQJHQF\RIVKDSHDVDIXQFWLRQRIH[SHULHQFH}əDQG0DUFHO'XFKDPSɛVUHDG\PDGHV
əmOLYHGWLPHWKURXJKZKLFKRQHHQFRXQWHUVWKHULGGOH}*LDFRPHWWLɛVVXUUHDOLVWVFXOSWXUHVVXFK
DV  Suspended Ball  SDUWLFLSDWH  LQ  UHDO  WLPH  WKURXJK  PRYHPHQW  ,Q  D  FDWHJRU\  RI  LWV  RZQ  WKH
VXUUHDOLVWREMHFWEHORQJHGWRWKHWHPSRUDOLW\RIIDQWDV\RUSV\FKRORJLFDOWLPHDVVRFLDWHGZLWK
VH[XDOLW\DQGRUSDLQ$OWKRXJKIRUPLQJSDUWRIWKHVXUUHDOLVWVFXOSWXUDOFDQRQ$USPRYHGDZD\
IURPKLVVXUUHDOLVWZRRGHQUHOLHIDVVHPEODJHVWRmFRQFUHWLRQV}EDVHGRQRUJDQLFGHYHORSPHQW
ZKLFKDOLJQHGKLPZLWKJURXSVSURPRWLQJDEVWUDFWLRQLQWKHV6HH.UDXVVSSb
14.2Q0DULD0DUWLQVDQGVXUUHDOLVPVHH*HLV
15.6HH%UHWRQSSbDQGSSb
16.,QDQGUHVSHFWLYHO\PXVHXPVRQERWKVLGHVRIWKH$WODQWLFWDFNOHGWKHVXEMHFW
Surréalisme et l’objetFXUDWHGE\'LGLHU2WWLQJHUDWWKH&HQWUH3RPSLGRXDQGMarvelous Objects:
Surrealist Sculpture from Paris to New YorkRUJDQL]HGE\IRUPHU+LUVKKRUQ0XVHXPVHQLRUFXUDWRU
9DOHULH  )OHWFKHU  %RWK  H[KLELWLRQV  H[SDQGHG  WKH  WHPSRUDO  DQG  JHRJUDSKLFDO  VFRSH  RI  WKUHH
GLPHQVLRQDOVXUUHDOLVWSURGXFWLRQWKHIRUPHULQFOXGLQJVXUUHDOLVPɛVOHJDF\LQFRQWHPSRUDU\DUW

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 17

DQGWKHODWWHUGHYHORSLQJDPRUH1HZ<RUNFHQWULFSRVWZDUSHUVSHFWLYH
1RPHQWLRQLVPDGHRI&£UGHQDVLQHLWKHUVKRZDQG0DUWLQVSDUWLFLSDWLRQLVUHOHJDWHGWRDPHUH
HQWU\ZLWKRXWDUHSURGXFWLRQRIKHUVFXOSWXUHLQWKHH[KLELWLRQFDWDORJXHIRUWKHIRUPHU2QWKH
RWKHUKDQG$PHULFDQVFXOSWRU'DYLG6PLWKIHDWXUHVSURPLQHQWO\LQERWKH[KLELWLRQVGHVSLWH
QHYHUKDYLQJGLUHFWWLHVZLWKWKHVXUUHDOLVWPRYHPHQW6HH2WWLQJHUDDQG)OHWFKHU
17. %UHWRQ  DVVRFLDWHG  $USɛV  mFRQFUHWLRQV}  ZLWK  DXWRPDWLVP  DV  -RV«  3LHUUH  ZRXOG  GR  IRU
&£UGHQDVɛVZRUNVLQSODVWHU6HH%UHWRQSSbDQG3LHUUHSb
18.%HWZHHQDQG/DPWUDYHOHGWUDQVDWODQWLFDOO\EHWZHHQ&XEDDQG(XURSHVWRSSLQJ
RIILQ1HZ<RUNDQGH[KLELWLQJKLVZRUNLQWHUQDWLRQDOO\LQQXPHURXVVRORDQGJURXSVKRZVRQ
WKH$PHULFDQDQG(XURSHDQFRQWLQHQWV6HH6LPVSb
19.)RUGHWDLOVRI/DPɛVSUHVHQFHLQ+DYDQDGXULQJWKHVVHH6LPVSS)RUKLV
LPSDFWRQWKHV&XEDQDUWVFHQHVHH0F(ZHQSSbDQGDQGWKHH[KLELWLRQ
FDWDORJGHYRWHGWRm/RV2QFH}9HJD'RSLFRSb
20.6RORVKRZVRI/DPɛVZRUNLQ+DYDQDLQFOXGHm/DP}/\FHXPm/DPREUDVUHFLHQWHV}
3DUTXH  &HQWUDO    m/DP  \  QXHVWUR  WLHPSR  3DULV    /D  +DEDQD}  *DOHU¯D  6RFLHGDG
1XHVWUR7LHPSRm:LIUHGR/DP}8QLYHUVLGDGGHOD+DEDQD3DEHOOµQGH&LHQFLDV6RFLDOHV
7KHSDLQWHUDOVRSDUWLFLSDWHGLQJURXSVKRZVLQ+DYDQDLQDQG
21.6HH3LHUUHSb
22.([KLELWLQJWRJHWKHUIURPWRWKHJURXSFRPSULVHGDIOXFWXDWLQJQXPEHURI\RXQJ
SDLQWHUVDQGVFXOSWRUVZKRZHUHXQLWHGLQDGYRFDWLQJIRULQGLYLGXDODUWLVWLFIUHHGRPUDWKHUWKDQ
DQ\SURJUDPPDWLFDLPVDQGGHPRQVWUDWHGWKHLURSSRVLWLRQWRWKHRSSUHVVLYH)XOJHQFLR%DXWLVWD
UHJLPHE\UHIXVLQJWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQVWDWHVSRQVRUHGDUWVLQLWLDWLYHV,QDFFHSWLQJDJRYHUQPHQW
JUDQWWRWUDYHODEURDG&£UGHQDVZDVDWRGGVZLWKWKDWVWDQFH)RUDWKRURXJKDFFRXQWRImLos
Once}VHHFKDSWHUVLQ0F(ZHQDQG9HJD'RSLFR
23.3LHUUHSb3DLQWHUDQGSRHW$OLFH5DKRQɛVVLVWHU*«R *HRUJHWWH'XSLQ GLUHFWHG
L’Etoile ScelléeDQGLa Cour d’IngresJDOOHULHVERWKRIZKLFKZHUHDIILOLDWHGZLWKWKHVXUUHDOLVWVDQG
ZRXOGKRVWQXPHURXVH[KLELWLRQVRIDUWLVWVIURPWKHPRYHPHQWɛVUDQNV$OLFH5DKRQZKRZDV
PDUULHGWR$XVWULDQSDLQWHU:ROIJDQJ3DDOHQIURPPRYHGWR0H[LFRZLWKKLPLQ
DQGUHPDLQHGWKHUHXQWLOWKHHQGRIKHUOLIH%RWKZHUHYHU\FORVHWR6XUUHDOLVWFLUFOHVLQ0H[LFR
&LW\DQG3DULVZKHUH3DDOHQZRXOGUHWXUQLQXQWLOKLVGHDWKLQ
24.m3RXU&DUGHQDVOɛKRPPHHVWOHIUªUHGHOɛDUEUHFLHUJHVRQFRUSVHVWXQFDFWXVG«PHQWVRQ
UHJDUGXQVFDUDE«HVDYRL[XQSDSLOORQOHVVHLQVGHODIHPPHOHEDWWHPHQWGɛDLOHVGXFROLEUL'DQV
FHGRPDLQHGHVIRUPHVSDOSDEOHVR»OHQRXYHDXVLUDUHPHQWVHSURSRVH&DUGHQDVDEROLWHQVHV
PDLQVODGLII«UHQFHHQWUHOɛDQLP«HWOɛLQDQLP«(WOHMDLVVɛ«JRVLOOHGDQVOHVIRU¬WVGHUKXPɣ»,
3LHUUHQbS
25.6HH*OLVVDQWDQG
26.0RVTXHUDSb
27.$QLPSUHVVLYHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWZHQW\ILYHVFXOSWXUHVIURPWRPDQ\RIZKLFKZHUH
FDUYHGLQZRRGRUFDVWLQEURQ]HDORQJZLWKDIHZJUDQLWHRUSODVWHUSLHFHVDVZHOODVGUDZLQJV
*DOHULH/D&RXUGɛ,QJUHVQbS
28.%UHWRQSSbm&ɛHVWODI«HDIULFDLQHTXLIRXUQLWb/DP½UHHWOHVU«VLOOHVGDQVOHV
FRLQV}WUDQVODWHGE\$PHULFDQSRHW-RKQ$VKEHU\LQ5LFKDUG)HLJHQ*DOOHU\
29.0DULDɛVVFXOSWXUHV The Road, the Shadow, Too Long, Too NarrowDQGImpossibleZHUHIHDWXUHG
SURPLQHQWO\  )RU  D  GHWDLOHG  DFFRXQW  RI  WKH  Exposition international du Surréalisme en 1947  VHH
0DKRQ&KDSWHUDQG)ODKXWH]SSb
30. )RUbLPDJHVbRIbWKHb&£UGHQDVbVFXOSWXUHVbLQb%UHWRQɛVbFROOHFWLRQbVHHb KWWSV
ZZZDQGUHEUHWRQIUZRUN DQG  KWWSZZZDQGUHEUHWRQIUZRUN
FRQVXOWHGRQ0DUFK

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 18

31. )RU  PRUH  RQ  %UHWRQɛV  Wall VHH  )RXFDXOW    DQG  KWWSVZZZDQGUHEUHWRQIUHQ DQG
KWWSVZZZFHQWUHSRPSLGRXIUIUSURJUDPPHDJHQGDHYHQHPHQWFN$MH]T  FRQVXOWHG  RQ
0DUFK
32. 6HH  WKH  RULJLQDO  W\SHG  H[KLELWLRQ  FKHFNOLVW  KWWSVZZZDQGUHEUHWRQIUZRUN
FRQVXOWHGRQ0DUFKJucambeZDVUHFHQWO\RQYLHZLQWKHH[SDQVLYH
H[KLELWLRQm6XUUHDOLVP%H\RQG%RUGHUV}DWWKH0(7LQ1HZ<RUN&LW\ 2FWREHU-DQXDU\
    DQG  WKH  7DWH  0RGHUQ  LQ  /RQGRQ  )HEUXDU\  $XJXVW       6HH  WKH  H[KLELWLRQ
FDWDORJXHGɛ$OHVVDQGUR*DOH HGV Sb
33. )URP  WKH  EODFN  DQG  ZKLWH  UHSURGXFWLRQ  LQ  WKH  FDWDORJXH  RQH  RI  WKH  VFXOSWXUHV  FDQ  EH
LGHQWLILHGDVVers la lumière  VHH0DODJRGLɘ/RPEDUGL HGV Sb
mb6XUUHDOLVW  ,QWUXVLRQ  LQ  WKH  (QFKDQWHUVɛ  'RPDLQb}  WKH  VHFRQG  LQWHUQDWLRQDO  H[KLELWLRQ  RI
VXUUHDOLVPKHOGLQ1HZ<RUN&LW\QHDUO\WZHQW\\HDUVDIWHUWKHVXUUHDOLVWJURXSLQH[LOHVWDJHG
mb)LUVW3DSHUVRI6XUUHDOLVPb}ZDVDJDLQRUJDQL]HGE\$QGU«%UHWRQDQG0DUFHO'XFKDPS)RUD
GHWDLOHGDQDO\VLVVHH3RZHU)RUDIRFXVHGGLVFXVVLRQLQ(QJOLVKRISurrealist IntrusionZLWK
UHVSHFWWRWKH$PHULFDQDUWPDUNHWVHH3RZHUD6HHDOVR+RZDUGSSb
34.6HH0DKRQSb
35.)RUDQDQDO\VLVRIWKHVHLVVXHVLQUHODWLRQWR&£UGHQDVVHH0F(ZHQ0DODJRGLɘ/RPEDUGL
HGV    )RU  D  WKRURXJK  H[DPLQDWLRQ  RI  VXUUHDOLVW  WKHRUHWLFDO  SULQFLSOHV  LQ  FRQWUDVW  WR
GLVFRXUVHVRQLGHQWLW\SROLWLFVQRWDEO\$OHMR&DUSHQWLHUɛVmORUHDOPDUDYLOORVR}DQG&DULEEHDQ
créolité DV DUWLFXODWHG E\ 0DUWLQLTXDQ ZULWHUV -HDQ %HUQDE« 3DWULFN &KDPRLVHDX DQG 5DSKD­O
&RQILDQWLQÉloge de la Créolité ( VHH5LFKDUGVRQSSb
2QWKHSUREOHPDWLFVRIWKHVXUUHDOLVWDQWLFRORQLDOVWDQFHVHHWKHSouth Central ReviewVSHFLDO
LVVXHm'DGD6XUUHDOLVPDQG&RORQLDOLVP}6SULQJ
36.+HOG LQ WKH (VWDWH RI 7HG -RDQV DQG H[KLELWHG UHFHQWO\ LQ m 6XUUHDOLVP %H\RQG %RUGHUV}
[FPGɛ$OHVVDQGUR*DOH HGV Sb7KHZRUNZDVDOVRUHSURGXFHGLQ
EODFNDQGZKLWHZLWKRXWDQ\PHQWLRQRI-R\FH0DQVRXULQWKHWLWOHLQ3KLOEULFNSb7KH
GDWHVDUHDOVRGLVFUHSDQWLQWKHIRUPHUDQGLQWKHODWWHUWKHGDWHRI0D\
LVOHJLEOHLQ&RJROORɛVFRQWULEXWLRQ%ODFNDQGZKLWHUHSURGXFWLRQVRI&RJROORɛVSDLQWLQJV
LOOXVWUDWHGSure, Really I IsDFROOHFWLRQRISRHPVE\7HG-RDQVVHH-RDQV
,QDGGLWLRQWKHUHDUHRQO\VHYHQSDUWVYLVLEOHOHDGLQJRQHWRZRQGHUDERXWKHUFRQWULEXWLRQ
*LYHQWKDW0DQVRXUZDVFORVHWR-RDQVLQ3DULVRQHPLJKWVSHFXODWHWKDWLWDSSHDUHGRQWKH
UHYHUVHVLGHRIWKHGUDZLQJ2QKHUIULHQGVKLSDQGFROODERUDWLRQZLWK-RDQVDVZHOODVWKHRWKHU
mVHYHQVRQV}VHH0LVVLUSSb
)RUPRUHDERXW7HG-RDQVDQGKLVFRQQHFWLRQVWRWKHRWKHUDUWLVWVVHH.DOWHU+HUDEXQGDQW
EODFNDQGZKLWHSKRWRJUDSKVGRFXPHQWWKHVHHQFRXQWHUVLQFOXGLQJRQHRI&£UGHQDVZLWK-RDQV
GDWHGSb7KLVH[TXLVLWHFRUSVHSUHILJXUHV7HG-RDQɛVPRQXPHQWDOGHFDGHVDQGPHWHUV
ORQJɝPDLODUWɞSURMHFWLong Distance6HHGɛ$OHVVDQGURɘ*DOH HGV SSb.
37.7KHWHFKQLTXHZKRVHQDPHRULJLQDWHGZLWKDmEOLQG}JURXSSRHPWKHVXUUHDOLVWVFUHDWHGLQ
mOHFDGDYUHH[TXLVERLUDOHYLQQRXYHDX}OLNHPDQ\RIWKHLUDXWRPDWLFSUDFWLFHVRXWOLYHG
WKH3DULVLDQPRYHPHQWWREHFRPHDFUHDWLYHJDPHSOD\HGE\DUWLVWVDOORYHUWKHZRUOG6HH%UHWRQ
SSbDQG3KLOEULFN
38.mɣHOVXUUHDOLVPR_12(67ƒ$48_DOO£DIXHUD_DODLUHOLEUH_DOWHDWURGHORVRMRVOLEUHV_FXDQGR
ORVFLHUUDV_ORVDEUHV_QRKD\DGHQWURQLDIXHUD_HQHOERVTXHGHODVSURKLELFLRQHV_ORPDUDYLOORVR_
FDQWD_FµJHOR_HVW£DODOFDQFHGHWXPDQR_HVHOPRPHQWRHQTXHHOKRPEUH_HV_HOFµPSOLFHGHO
UD\R_&ULVWDOL]DFLµQ_DSDULFLµQGHOGHVHR_GHVHRGHODDSDULFLµQ_QRDTX¯QRDOO£VLQRHQWUH_DTX¯
DOO£}3D]SSb
39.3D]GHGLFDWHGWKHSRHPm3LHGUD1DWLYD}WR&£UGHQDVmZKRFUHDWHVZRUOGVRXWRIOLJKWDQG
VWRQH}KLVSRHWLFLOOXPLQDWLRQRIWKHVFXOSWXUHVRSHQVDQGFORVHVZLWKWKHZRUGɝOLJKWɞIUDPLQJ
DQDULGURFN\ODQGVFDSHIORRGHGLQEOLQGLQJUDGLDQFH6HH*DOHULH/H3RLQW&DUGLQDOQbS7KH
SRHPZDVUHSULQWHGLQODWHUH[KLELWLRQFDWDORJXHVRI&£UGHQDVɛVZRUN

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 19

40.&£UGHQDVZDVVKRZQDORQJVLGHKLVFRPSDWULRWVWKHSDLQWHUV-RUJH&DPDFKR-RDTX¯Q)HUUHU
DQG*LQD3HOOµQ3HUXYLDQ*HUDUGR&K£YH]$UJHQWLQHVFXOSWRU$OLFLD3HQDOEDDQGSDLQWHU$QWRQLR
6HJX¯6HHWKHH[KLELWLRQFDWDORJ*DOHULHGX'UDJRQ
41.)UHQFKDUWFULWLF3LHUUH5HVWDQ\ZKRDXWKRUHGLyrisme et abstractionHQWKXVLDVWLFDOO\SUDLVHG
WKH    &£UGHQDV  H[KLELWLRQ  LQ  KLV  UHYLHZ  IRU  Cimaise  -XO\$XJXVW    6HH  5HVWDQ\  
5HVWDQ\Sb
42.m2EVHUYRQVGªVPDLQWHQDQWTXHOɛ«ODQGɛXQHSDUW OHVWRWHPV OHUHSOLHWODFRQFHQWUDWLRQ
GɛDXWUHSDUW OHVPDUEUHV VRQWLQV«SDUDEOHGɛXQHYHQWLODWLRQGHODPDWLªUHSDUFHTXɛLO\DELHQ
V½UGHVWURX«HVGDQVOHYROXPHVFXOSW«PDLVDXVVLSRXUFHWDEDQGRQ¢ODVSLUDOHDXG«WRXUVXU
VRLDXPRXYHPHQWWRXUQDQWTXLU«XQLVVHQWOHVWRWHPVHWOHVPDUEUHVOHVEXVWHVUHVXUJLVHWOHV
JUDQGVDUEUHVEUXO«VOHVSDSLOORQV«WRQQDPPHQWO«JHUVGDQVOHXUPDVVHHWOHVW¬WHVHQIRXLHVGDQV
OHXUGUDSGHSLHUUH/HPRQGHTXHYRLFLSDUWLFLSHGHOɛ«WLU«TXLHVWSHXW¬WUHHQVFXOSWXUHOɛDUWGX
FRQMHFWXUDO  (W  VH  G«YHORSSH  HQ  P¬PH  WHPSV  GDQV  OɛDUURQGL  TXL  PDUTX«  UHKDXVV«  GɛDU¬WHV
Gɛ«SLQHVGHGXUVRX«O«JDQWVIHVWRQVW«PRLJQHLFLSRXUODFURLVVDQFHHWODIHUWLOLW«'ɛR»OɛRQSHXW
GLUHTXHWRXMRXUVOHVVFXOSWXUHVGH&£UGHQDVFRQWLQXHQW}*OLVVDQWSSb7UDQVODWHGE\
-RKQ$VKEHUU\LQ5LFKDUG)HLJHQ*DOOHU\SSb
43..UDXVVSb
44.*OLVVDQWD([FHUSWVRIWKLVHVVD\KDYHEHHQZLGHO\UHSULQWHGLQVXEVHTXHQWH[KLELWLRQ
FDWDORJXHVRIWKHVFXOSWRUɛVZRUN
45. 'XULQJ  KLV  DGROHVFHQFH  LQ  )RUWGH)UDQFH  *OLVVDQWɛV  HDUO\  OLWHUDU\  LQFOLQDWLRQV  DQG
LQVSLUDWLRQV  LQFOXGHG  $LP«  &«VDLUH  ZKRP  KH  NQHZ  SHUVRQDOO\  DQG  RWKHU  ZULWHUV  DQG
LQWHOOHFWXDOVIOHHLQJWR0DUWLQLTXHGXULQJWKHZDUDVZHOODVSRHWVLQVXUUHDOLVWSDQWKHRQQDPHO\
5LPEDXG/DXWU«DPRQWDQG%DXGHODLUH6HH:DOG/DVRZVNLSSb
46.*OLVVDQWERULJLQDOHGLWLRQLOOXVWUDWHGE\$JXVW¯Q&£UGHQDVZLWKRULJLQDOHDX[IRUWHV
LQFOXGLQJDODUJHSULQWLQVOLJKWUHOLHIRQWKHFRYHUDIURQWLVSLHFHDQGLQVHUWV(GLWLRQRI
QXPEHUHGFRSLHVVLJQHGE\WKHDXWKRUDQGDUWLVW
47.m'HVVLQGH&£UGHQDVVXUOHGRVVLHUGXPDQXVFULWGXDiscours antillais})RQGV(GRXDUG*OLVVDQW
%LEOLRWKªTXHQDWLRQDOHGH)UDQFHG«SDUWHPHQWGHVPDQXVFULWV1$)  :ROIJDQJ3DDOHQ
DQG:LIUHGR/DPUHVSHFWLYHO\LOOXVWUDWHG*OLVVDQWɛVILUVWWZRSRHWU\FROOHFWLRQVUn champ d’îles
 DQGLa Terre inquiète  SXEOLVKHGE\*DOHULHGX'UDJRQɛVSXEOLVKLQJKRXVH&ROOHFWLRQ
,QVWDQFH6HH&DWHUSSb
48.6HH*LUDUG
49.6HH:DOGEHUJ
50.6HH*LUDXGRSSb
51. Anèle  DQG Sanedrac  WZRFDUYHGZRRGmbWRWHPVb}DUHDQDJUDPVRI
(OHQDWKHVFXOSWRUɛVILUVWZLIH(OHQD&£UGHQDV0DODJRGLDQG&£UGHQDVKLPVHOI2WKHUZRUNVVXFK
DVSolano  DQGBouba  DUHDWULEXWHWRKLVVRQV,QWKLVVHQVHWKHWRWHPLFILJXUHVIXVH
QRQREMHFWLYH  SRUWUDLWXUH  DQG  QRQ:HVWHUQ  VFXOSWXUH  UHJLVWHULQJ  IDPLOLDO  WLHV  DQG  DQFHVWUDO
OLQHDJH,QFRXQWHUSRLQWWRMon Ombre Après MinuitWKHPDUEOHAutoportrait rêvéFRPPLQJOHV
SROLVKHG  DUHDV  ZLWK  URXJK  VWRQH  LWV  FRPSDFW  IRUP  HYRFDWLYH  RI  D  KHDG  ZLWK  WKH  VFXOSWRUɛV
VLJQDWXUHURXQGEXPSVDOOXGLQJWRH\HVEXWDOVREUHDVWOLNHSURWXEHUDQFHVRQDWRUVRFRQIODWLQJ
ERGLO\DQGIDFLDOIHDWXUHVLQ0DJULWWHDQIDVKLRQ
52.7KHVHWKHPHVDUHPRUHIXOO\GHYHORSHGLQP\HVVD\IRUWKHH[KLELWLRQFDWDORJXHCárdenas: Mon
ombre après minuit6HH3RZHUE
53.m/HVRXYHUWXUHVGɛHVSDFHSDUTXRLODVFXOSWXUHVɛKDELWHQRXVSDVVRQV¢WUDYHUVHOOHHWQRXV
QHWRXUQRQVSDVVHXOHPHQWDXWRXU>ɣ@ɣODSRUWHQRXVUDPªQHLUU«VLVWLEOHPHQW¢ODIDPHXVH
3RUWHGXVROHLOTXLVHGUHVVHVXUOHV3ODWHDX[GHV$QGHV9R\RQVGɛDERUGTXHFHTXLVHWUDPH¢
OɛLQW«ULHXUGHOD3RUWHQɛHVWSDVXQREVWDFOH&ɛHVWFHTXLQRXVSHUPHWGɛ\HQWUHUGHSDVVHU1RXV
UHWURXYRQVO¢FHSULQFLSHJ«Q«UDOGHODVFXOSWXUHGH&£UGHQDV2QSDVVH¢WUDYHUVGHVHVSDFHVRQ
QHOHVFRQWHPSOHSDV}(GRXDUG*OLVVDQWm3D\VU¬Y«SD\VU«HO}XQSXEOLVKHGGUDIWRIWH[WRQ

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 20

&£UGHQDV)RQGV*OLVVDQW%LEOLRWKªTXHQDWLRQDOHGH)UDQFHG«SDUWHPHQWGHVPDQXVFULWV1$)
  
54.)RUDWKRXJKWSURYRNLQJDUWLFOHDERXWWKHTXHVWLRQRIWKHQHZVDFUHGLQDUWZLWKUHVSHFWWR
ERWK*OLVVDQWDQG%UHWRQɛVSRHWLFVDQGZULWLQJRQ&£UGHQDVLQSDUWLFXODUVHH'LDZDUDɘ*HLV
SSb
55.&£UGHQDVHVWDWHSULYDWHDUFKLYHV
56.7KLVPRQXPHQWDOSDLUZHUHFUHDWHGIRUWKHYDVWRXWGRRUH[KLELWLRQm6FXOSWXUHVHQ0RQWDJQH
ə3RªPHGDQVOɛ(VSDFH}RUJDQL]HGE\)UHQFKSRHW-HDQ3LHUUH/HPHVOHVHHKWWSVZZZSDVV\
PRQWEODQFFRPDFWLYLWHVSDWULPRLQHVFXOSWXUH"VFXOSWXUHODSRUWHGHDXVbFRQVXOWHG
RQ0DUFK
57. KWWSVZZZGHVHUWVFXOSWXUHLQIRHQSRUWIROLRDJXVWLQFDUGHQDVGLYLQLW\RIWKHPRRQ
FRQVXOWHGRQ0DUFK
58.6HH3LHUUHQbS
59.)RUPRUHRQ$EDNX£VHH0LOOHUSSb7KHDXWKRUPHQWLRQVWKDW:LIUHGR
/DPLQFRUSRUDWHGDQ$EDNX£PDVNHGILJXUHLQDQXQWLWOHGSDLQWLQJDILJXUHWKDWUHDSSHDUV
LQODWHUZRUN
60.0LOOHUSb
61.6HHYDULRXVUHODWHGGRFXPHQWVLQFOXGLQJWKHFDWDORJLQWKHH[KLELWLRQILOH0$0$5&+(;32
0$0/$  0XV«H  Gɛ$UW  0RGHUQH  GH  OD  9LOOH  GH  3DULV  $  VLPLODUO\  WLWOHG  VXUYH\  m$UWLVWHV
ODWLQRDP«ULFDLQVGH3DULV}ZDVKHOGDWWKHVDPHKRVWLQVWLWXWLRQLQDOWKRXJKRQO\WKHHDUO\
FRUUHVSRQGHQFHEHWZHHQWKHYDULRXVSDUWLHVLQYROYHGDSSHDUVLQWKH0$0H[KLELWLRQILOH7KH
DEVHQFHRIDFKHFNOLVWDQGRWKHUH[KLELWLRQGRFXPHQWVPLJKWLQGLFDWHWKDWWKHVKRZGLGQRWWDNH
SODFH
62.)UHQFKDUWFULWLFDQGZULWHU&KDUOHV(VWLHQQH %UHVW)UDQFHɘ3DULV ZDVDQDFWLYH
PHPEHURIWKHSRVWZDU3DULVLDQDUWVFHQHSURPRWLQJDEVWUDFWWHQGHQFLHVZKLFKKHJURXSHG
XQGHU  WKH  WHUP  m1RXYHOOH  (FROH  GH  3DULV}  m1HZ  6FKRRO  RI  3DULV}   /LNH  3LHUUH  5HVWDQ\  KH
WKHRUL]HG/\ULFDO$EVWUDFWLRQWKH(XURSHDQFRXQWHUSDUWWR$PHULFDQ$EVWUDFW([SUHVVLRQLVP
DQGGHIHQGHGWKH3DULVEDVHGSDLQWHUVJURXSHGXQGHUWKDWXPEUHOOD+DYLQJPHW$QGU«%UHWRQLQ
KHSDUWLFLSDWHGLQVRPHRIWKHJURXSɛVDFWLYLWLHVUHODWHGWRWKHYLVXDODUWV:KLOH(VWLHQQHɛV
PDLQIRFXVZDVSDLQWLQJKHZURWHDERXW-HDQ$US 6WUDVERXUJ)UDQFHə%DVHO6ZLW]HUODQG
  DQG  $QWRLQH  3HYVQHU  .OLPDYLFK\  %HODUXV  ə3DULV     ERWK  VFXOSWRUV  ZKRP
&£UGHQDVDGPLUHG
63. 7KH  DFFRPSDQ\LQJ  FDWDORJXH  LQ  WKH  IRUP  RI  D  PDJD]LQH  DOORZHG  IRU  D  PRUH  LQIRUPDO
VSRQWDQHRXVIRUPDWWKDQDERRNSXEOLFDWLRQZLWKFRQWULEXWLRQVE\QRWDEOHZULWHUVDQXPEHURI
ZKRP  ZHUH  DFWLYH  LQ  WKH  SRVWZDU  VXUUHDOLVW  JURXS  QDPHO\  -RV«  3LHUUH  -HDQ  6FKXVWHU  $ODLQ
-RXIIUR\  KWWSVZZZFXEDHQFXHQWURFRPFXOWXUDDUWLFXORVHODQRHQTXHPD\RFD\RHQ
MXOLRFRQVXOWHGRQ0DUFK
64.7KHFRORUIXOFROOHFWLYHPXUDOZDVVXEVHTXHQWO\WUDQVSRUWHGWR3DULVDQGGLVSOD\HGDWWKHWK
6DORQGHPDLLQKHOGDWWKH0XV«HGɛ$UW0RGHUQHGHOD9LOOHGH3DULVMXVWDVWKHVWXGHQW
XSULVLQJZDVEUHDNLQJRXW7KHSDLQWLQJZDVDOVRUHSURGXFHGRQWKHFRYHURIWKHVDORQFDWDORJXH
WKDWVDPH\HDU
65. m/ɛRSLQLRQ  PHWWUD  SHXW¬WUH  GX  WHPSV  ¢  VH  FRQYDLQFUH  TXH  FɛHVW  O¢  XQ  GHV  SOXV  JUDQGV
VFXOSWHXUV  FRQWHPSRUDLQVɣ}  (GRXDUG  *OLVVDQW  m&DU  FɛHVW  WRXMRXUV  GH  SD\VDJH  TXɛLO  VɛDJLW}
XQSXEOLVKHG  GUDIW  RI  WH[W  RQ  &£UGHQDV  )RQGV  *OLVVDQW  %LEOLRWKªTXH  QDWLRQDOH  GH  )UDQFH
G«SDUWHPHQWGHVPDQXVFULWV1$)  

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 21

ABSTRACTS
7KHRHXYUHRI&XEDQVFXOSWRU$JXVW¯Q&£UGHQDV  GHILHVWKHFDWHJRULHVDQGFRQFHSWV
WKDWKDYHSDUWLFLSDWHGLQWKHHODERUDWLRQRIPLGWKFHQWXU\DUWKLVWRULFDOQDUUDWLYHV7KLVSDSHU
VHHNV WR FDVW OLJKW RQ WKH DUWLVWɛV ILYHGHFDGH FDUHHU ZLWKLQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WKH FRVPRSROLWDQ
SRVWZDU  3DULVLDQ  DUW  VFHQH  ZKHUH  KH  GHYHORSHG  D  VLQJXODU  DQG  SUROLILF  ERG\  RI  ZRUN  WKDW
LQWHUVHFWHGZLWKVXUUHDOLVPDQGDEVWUDFWWUHQGVZKLOHFXOWLYDWLQJUHODWLRQVKLSVZLWKDUWLVWVDQG
LQWHOOHFWXDOV  IURP  WKH  $IUR&DULEEHDQ  DQG  /DWLQ$PHULFDQ  GLDVSRUDV  VXFK  DV  :LIUHGR  /DP
5REHUWR0DWWDDQG‹GRXDUG*OLVVDQWDPRQJRWKHUV%\UHYLHZLQJWKHDUWLVWɛVFULWLFDOUHFHSWLRQ
DQGGHOYLQJLQWRXQSXEOLVKHGDUFKLYDOVRXUFHVWKLVH[DPLQDWLRQHQULFKHVWKHH[WDQWVFKRODUVKLS
DQGHQODUJHVWKHVFRSHRIWKH$QJOR(XURSHDQFHQWULFSHUVSHFWLYHVRQ$JXVW¯Q&£UGHQDVɛDUWLVWLF
SURGXFWLRQWKDWKDYHSUHGRPLQDWHGXQWLOYHU\UHFHQWO\

/ɛüXYUHGXVFXOSWHXUFXEDLQ$JXVW¯Q&£UGHQDV  G«SDVVHOHVFDW«JRULHVHWOHVFRQFHSWV


TXLRQWSDUWLFLS«¢ODFRQVWUXFWLRQGHVU«FLWVVXUOɛKLVWRLUHGHOɛDUWDXPLOLHXGX;;HVLªFOH&HW
DUWLFOHFKHUFKH¢«FODLUHUODFDUULªUHGHOɛDUWLVWHVXUFLQTG«FHQQLHVGDQVOHFRQWH[WHGHODVFªQH
DUWLVWLTXHSDULVLHQQHGHOɛDSUªVJXHUUHR»LOU«DOLVDXQHQVHPEOHGHVFXOSWXUHVVLQJXOLªUHVHW
IRLVRQQDQWHVDXFURLVHPHQWGXVXUU«DOLVPHHWGHVWHQGDQFHVGHOɛDEVWUDFWLRQHWQRXDGɛ«WURLWHV
UHODWLRQVDYHFGHVDUWLVWHVHWLQWHOOHFWXHOVGHVGLDVSRUDVDIURFDULE«HQVHWODWLQRDP«ULFDLQHVWHOV
TXH:LIUHGR/DP5REHUWR0DWWDHW‹GRXDUG*OLVVDQWSDUPLGɛDXWUHV3DUOɛ«WXGHDSSURIRQGLHGH
ODU«FHSWLRQFULWLTXHGHOɛDUWLVWHHWGHVRXUFHVGɛDUFKLYHVLQ«GLWHVFHWWHLQYHVWLJDWLRQHQULFKLWOD
UHFKHUFKHH[LVWDQWHVXUOHVXMHWHW«ODUJLWODSRUW«HGHVSHUVSHFWLYHVDQJORHWHXURS«RFHQWU«HVGH
ODSURGXFWLRQDUWLVWLTXHGɛ$JXVW¯Q&£UGHQDVTXLRQWSU«GRPLQ«MXVTXɛ¢WRXWU«FHPPHQW

/DREUDGHOHVFXOWRUFXEDQR$JXVW¯Q&£UGHQDV  YDP£VDOO£GHODVFDWHJRU¯DV\GHORV


FRQFHSWRV  TXH  SDUWLFLSDURQ  HQ  OD  FRQVWUXFFLµQ  GH  ORV  UHODWRV  VREUH  OD  KLVWRULD  GHO  DUWH  GH
PHGLDGRVGHOVLJOR;;(VWHDUW¯FXOREXVFDDUURMDUOX]VREUHODVFLQFRG«FDGDVGHFDUUHUDGHO
DUWLVWDHQHOFRQWH[WRGHODHVFHQDDUW¯VWLFDSDULVLQDGHODSRVJXHUUDGRQGH&£UGHQDVSURGXMRXQ
FRQMXQWR  VLQJXODU  \  SURO¯ILFR  GH  HVFXOWXUDV  HQWUH  HO  VXUUHDOLVPR  \  ODV  WHQGHQFLDV  DEVWUDFWDV
PLHQWUDV  HQWDEODED  UHODFLRQHV  FRQ  DUWLVWDV  H  LQWHOHFWXDOHV  GH  ODV  GL£VSRUDV  DIURFDULEH³D  \
ODWLQRDPHULFDQDHQWUHHOORV:LIUHGR/DP5REHUWR0DWWD\‹GRXDUG*OLVVDQW$WUDY«VGHXQD
UHYLVLµQGHODUHFHSFLµQFU¯WLFDGHODUWLVWD\GHIXHQWHVGHDUFKLYRLQ«GLWDVHVWHDQ£OLVLVHQULTXHFH
ODELEOLRJUDI¯DH[LVWHQWH\DPSO¯DHODOFDQFHGHODVSHUVSHFWLYDVDQJORHXURSHRF«QWULFDVGHOD
SURGXFFLµQDUW¯VWLFDGH$JXVW¯Q&£UGHQDVTXHKDQSUHGRPLQDGRKDVWDKDFHPX\SRFR

INDEX
Mots-clés: &£UGHQDV $JXVW¯Q VFXOSWXUH&XED3DULV;;HVLªFOHVXUU«DOLVPH*OLVVDQW
‹GRXDUG /DP :LIUHGR
Palabras claves: &£UGHQDV $JXVW¯Q HVFXOWXUD&XED3DU¯VVLJOR;;VXUUHDOLVPR*OLVVDQW
‹GRXDUG /DP :LIUHGR
Keywords: &£UGHQDV $JXVW¯Q VFXOSWXUH&XED3DULVWKFHQWXU\VXUUHDOLVP*OLVVDQW
‹GRXDUG /DP :LIUHGR

CECIL, 10 | 2024
The Sculpture of Agustín Cárdenas at the Confluence of Surrealist and Latin A... 22

AUTHOR
SUSAN L. POWER

,QGHSHQGHQWVFKRODU3DULV
6XVDQ/3RZHUKDVOHFWXUHGDQGSXEOLVKHGLQWHUQDWLRQDOO\RQWKHUHFHSWLRQDQGGLVVHPLQDWLRQRI
VXUUHDOLVPLQ1RUWK$PHULFD$QLQGHSHQGHQWVFKRODUVSHFLDOL]LQJLQPRGHUQDQGFRQWHPSRUDU\
DUWEDVHGLQ3DULVVKHUHFHLYHGKHUGRFWRUDWHIURPWKH8QLYHUVLW«GH3DULV3DQWK«RQ6RUERQQH
ZLWKDGLVVHUWDWLRQRQSRVWZDUWUDQVQDWLRQDOVXUUHDOLVWQHWZRUNV
ZZZVXVDQOSRZHUFRP

CECIL, 10 | 2024

You might also like