DEPARTMENT OF NOON BUSINESS

ASSIGNMENT

Course Teacher: Sir Hassan

Program: BS Commerce (Regular)

Semester: 4th

Submitted By: Eesha Yousaf

Roll No: BUSC51F22R019

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Green Revolution:
The Green Revolution in Pakistan refers to a period of agricultural transformation that occurred in the 1960s and
1970s. It was aimed at increasing agricultural productivity through the adoption of modern farming techniques,
including the use of high-yielding varieties of seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. The goal was to achieve food
security and reduce poverty by boosting crop yields.

Why Green Revolution Fail in Pakistan:

The Green Revolution initially brought significant agricultural advancements to Pakistan, increasing crop yields and
alleviating food shortages. However, several underlying issues hindered its long-term success:
1.Environmental degradation:
Intensive farming practices associated with the Green Revolution, such as heavy pesticide and fertilizer use, led to
soil degradation, water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. Over time, this reduced the fertility and sustainability of
agricultural land.
2.Water scarcity:
Pakistan’s reliance on irrigation for agriculture, particularly from the Indus River system, led to over extraction of
water resources. As water tables depleted and aquifers dried up, farmers faced challenges in maintaining
productivity, especially in arid regions.
3.Unequal distribution of resources:
The benefits of the Green Revolution were not evenly distributed across Pakistan’s agricultural sector. Large
landowners and commercial farms were better equipped to adopt modern farming techniques and access credit,
technology, and markets, leaving small-scale farmers at a disadvantage.

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4.Limited access to technology and inputs:
Small-scale farmers often lacked access to modern agricultural technologies, high-quality seeds, fertilizers, and
machinery due to financial constraints, limited extension services, and inadequate infrastructure in rural areas.
5.Land ownership and tenure issues:
Land ownership patterns and tenure systems in Pakistan often favored large landholders, leading to landlessness and
marginalization among small-scale farmers. This hindered their ability to invest in and benefit from Green
Revolution technologies.
6.Political instability:
Political instability, frequent changes in government policies, and lack of long-term planning undermined sustained
agricultural development efforts. Inconsistent policies and governance issues created uncertainty and hindered
investment in agriculture.
7.Inadequate infrastructure:
Insufficient infrastructure, including roads, storage facilities, and market linkages, constrained farmers’ access to
markets and limited their ability to obtain fair prices for their produce. This further marginalized small-scale farmers
and hindered the development of rural economies.

These factors, combined with socioeconomic challenges and external pressures, contributed to the eventual decline
of the Green Revolution’s impact in Pakistan, highlighting the need for holistic and sustainable agricultural
development strategies.