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Mahendra Prasad
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Abstract
Life of man depends on three main sub-pillars; these are Ahar, nidra and brahmacharya.
Ahar plays very important role to provide strength, complexion and lifespan. Nowadays,
human life is too busy to fulfill his lawful diet. Some diets are incompatible, unwholesome
while some are wholesome. Unwholesome and incompatible produce untoward skin
diseases. Foods that are not suited to body produce allergy. Udard, koth,
raktapradoshaja vikara and shitapitta are allergic disorders. Incompatibility may be due
to weight, rasa, veerya and vipaka. Other factors are fish, meat, vegetables, honey, fruit,
diet, place and pulses. They are divided into Satmya and Asatmya. Jati asatmya –
Gomamsa to Manushya, Ritu asatmya – Rituviparita, Roga asatmya – curds in Shotha.
Vyayama asatmya – excessive exercise by weak person – (Stress test in CCF). Udaka
asatmya – water of different places is unpalatable. Divaswapna asatmya – Shvasa,
Timira, C. C. F. Rasa asatmya. Honey and ghee should not be taken together because
they are viruddha. Such viruddhas are of many types and produce allergy.
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Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy
Volume 2, Issue 2, ISSN: 2278- 2214
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vessel of Indian bell metal for ten consecutive their respective potencies, flavor and digestive
days, should be rejected as unwholesome. (chemical) action or transformation [12].
Honey should not be used in combination with
an article or substance heated by fire or in the Substances that are incompatible with or
season of summer and autumn. The pot-herbs antagonistic to the system through a difference
known as the Kakamachai, boiled in a bowl in of degree or intensity are well as things which
which fish or ginger had been previously bring about an extreme dryness of the
boiled or prepared, should be rejected as organism, or those which are extremely oily in
positively injurious. Similarly, the pot-herbs their composition or are characterized by
known as Upodika (Spinach) should not be extreme cold or warmth should be rejected
eaten by boiling them with levigated paste of [13]. While considering the effects of
sesamum. incompatibility of diets, by taking substances
which are incompatible to one another as
Incompatibility by Weight regards their tastes, potencies and digestive
The objectionable proportions (Mana) like two transformation, a greedy and intemperate
oily substances (such as oil and clarified person becomes afflicted with disease and
butter) or honey and any of the oily weakness of the sense organs and ultimately
substances, mixed in equal proportions, should meets his doom [14]. Some more incompatible
not be taken; nor should rain water be drunk diets are mentioned.
immediately after having taken honey and
clarified butter [11]. The fish should not be taken together with
milk because both of them have sweet taste,
Incompatibility of Rasa, Veerya and Vipakas but due to the contradiction in their potency
Moreover, Sushruta deals with incompatible (fish is hot and milk is cold) they vitiate the
tastes, potencies and chemical reactions as blood and obstruct the channel of circulation
following. Regarding the tastes, sweet and and cause constipation and diseases relating to
acid tastes or sweet and saline tastes should be blood and it may even lead to death [15].
deemed incompatible to each other in respect The meat of domestic, marshy and aquatic
to their potencies and inherent properties. animals should not be taken together with
Sweet and acid taste are incompatible to each honey, sesamum seeds, sugar candy, milk,
other in all the above respects. Similarly, Masha (blackgram), radish, lotus stalk or
sweet and bitter or sweet or astringent should germinated grains. By doing so, one gets
be deemed incompatible to each other in afflicted with deafness, blindness, trembling,
respect of their tastes and chemical action. loss of intelligence, loss of voice and nasal
Acid and saline things are incompatible to voice; it may even cause death [16].
each other as regards their flavor. Acid and
acrid things are incompatible as regards flavor One should not take vegetable of Pushkara
and chemical action. Acid and bitter or acid (Nelumbo nucifera) and Rohini or meat of
and astringent things are incompatible to each Kapota (dove) fried in mustard oil together
other, both regards their respective flavors, with honey and milk, for this obstructs
potencies and digestive or chemical channels of circulation and causes dilatation of
transformations. Saline and pungent things are blood vessels, epilepsy Sankhaka (a disease of
incompatible to each other as regards their the head characterized by acute pain in
respective flavor (Rasa) and digestive temporal region), Galaganda (scrofula),
(chemical) transformation. Similarly, saline Rohini (diphtheria) or even death [17].
and bitter things or saline and astringent things
are incompatible to each other in respect of all Milk should not be taken after the intake of
the three above-said relations and categories, radish, garlic, Krushnagandha (Moringa
pungent and bitter tastes are incompatible to oleifera), Arjaka (Ocimum gratissimum),
each other in respect of flavor and digestive Sumukha, Surasa (Ocimum sanctum), etc. This
transformation whereas substances of pungent may cause obstinate skin diseases including
and astringent or bitter and astringent tastes leprosy [18].
are incompatible to one another as regards
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Leaves of Jatuka (Ferula narehex) or ripe fruit and Kakamachi mixed with honey causes
of Nikucha (Artocarpus lakoocha) should not death [25].
be taken with honey and milk. It may cause
loss of strength, complexion and semen, Honey: Hot honey or intake of honey by a
sterility and other serious types of diseases person afflicted with heat causes death. Honey
which may lead to death [19]. and ghee, honey and rain water both in equal
quantity, honey together with the seeds of
Ripe fruit of Nikucha should not be taken with Puskara (Nelumbo nucifera), intake of hot
the soup Masha (black gram), sugar candy and water after taking honey, Bhallataka
ghee because they are mutually contradictory (Semecarpus anacardium) together with hot
[20]. water should be avoided [26].
Amra (mango), Matulunga (Citrus decuman), Milk Preparation: The Payasa (milk
Nikucha, Karamarda (Kamrak), Mocha preparation) when taken with Manth (thin
(banana), Dantashtha (Citrus medica), Badara gruel) is unwholesome and they aggravate
(Zizyphus jujuba), Kosamra, Bhavya (Dillenia Dosha specially Kapha. Upodika (Basella
indica), Jambava (Syzygium cumini), Kapitha rubra) prepared with the paste of Tila
(Feronia limonia), Tintidik (Tamarindus (sesamum indicum) causes diarrhea [27].
indica), meat of Paravta (pigeon), Akhsoda Furthermore, the drugs and diets that dislodge
(Fuglans regia), Panasa (Artocarpus the various doshas but do not expel them out
heterophyllus), Narikela (Coconut), Dadima of the body are to be regarded as
(Punica granatum), Amalaka (Emblica unwholesome [28].
officinalis) and such other solid and liquid
materials which are sour in taste become While considering the other unwholesome
mutually contradictory when taken with milk factors of diet and drugs like variance with
[21]. place, time, power of digestion, dosages, habit,
Dosha, mode of preparation, potency, bowel,
Pulses: Similarly, Kangu (Setaria italica), state of health, order, proscriptions and
Vanaka, Makustha (Phaseolus aconitifolius), prescriptions, cooking, combination,
Kulattha, (Dolichos biforus), Masha palatability, richness of quality and rules of
(Phaseolus radiatus), Nispava, when taken eating are unwholesome [29]. They are
with milk are mutually contradictory [22]. illustrated below. Incompatibility of food also
affects with desha. Intake of dry and sharp
Shaka: Padma (Nelumbo nucifera), leaves of substance in deserts and unctuous, cold
Uttarika, Sharkara type of wine, Maireya type substance in marshy land [30] is
of wine and honey, if taken together, are unwholesome. According to seasonal
unwholesome and they aggravate Dosha variation, diet should be taken against guna of
specially Vata. weather likewise intake of cold and dry
substance in winter, pungent and hot substance
Meat: Meat of Haridraka bird, fried with in the summer [31] is incompatible to health.
mustard oil is unwholesome and they Intake of heavy food when the power of
aggravate Dosa and specially Pittam [23]. digestion is low (Mandagni) creates lots of
Meat of crane either with Varuni type of wine discomfort and intake of light food having
or Kulmasa (paste of barley mixed with hot power of digestion [32] is sharp (Tikshnagni).
water and slightly boiled so as to form a cake It produces abdominal discomfort. Certain
is called Kulmasa) is unwholesome, again if dietetics should not be intermixed when taken
fried with lard; it will cause instantaneous in. Intake of honey and ghee [33] in equal
death [24]. Meat of peacock roasted on a quantity is forbidden.
castor spit, if burned with castor wood fuel and
mixed with castor oil, causes instantaneous Intake of sweet and cold substance by persons
death. Similarly, the meat of Haridraka roasted accustomed to pungent and hot substance [34]
on a turmeric spit and burned with the fuel of same time, is beneficial consider as Satmya. In
turmeric wood and when mixed with ashes, relation to dosha, use of diet and regimen
dusts and honey, causes instantaneous death. similar qualities but variance with the habit of
Pippali (Piper longum) prepared with fish fat the individual [35], drugs and diets prepared in
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Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy
Volume 2, Issue 2, ISSN: 2278- 2214
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a particular way produce poisonous effect the year, should prescribe a diet which he
[36], diet substances having cold potency in thinks the most proper and suitable to the
combination with those of hot potency [37], requirements of the case [48]. Emphasizing the
administration of mild purgative in a small effects of unwholesome diet, the milk often
dose for a person of constipated bowel or krur acts like poison, if given without proper
koshthi and administration of strong purgatives consideration, and on the other hand the
in strong doses for a person having relaxed poison also acts like best medicine, if
bowel or mrudu koshthi is incompatible [38]. administered properly [49].
Intake of Vata aggravating food by a person
after exhaustion, sexual act and physical The ill effects produced by incompatible diet
exercise or intake of Kapha aggravating food as explained by Hemadri are that some types
by a person after sleep or drowsiness is of unwholesome diets may lead to immediate
unwholesome [39]. If a person takes food fatality just like poison, some diets may lead to
before his bowel and urinary bladder are clear delayed mortality and some types of
(empty) or when he does not have appetite or unwholesome diets may lead to generation of
after his hunger has been aggravated are called different diseases [50]. Ayurvedic concepts
Krama Virudham [40]. Use of hot things after related to ill effect of incompatable diet
taking pork, etc., and cold thing after taking understood very well with the concept of
ghee is unwholesome [41, 42]. Preparation of modern science. Sadhya nasha or immediate
food, etc., with bad or rotten fuel and fatality can be correlated with anaphylactic
undercooking, overcooking or burning during shock. Kalantara Nasha or delayed, latent
the process of preparation [43], any substance fatality can be correlated with cell-mediated
which is not pleasant in taste [44], intake of (delayed) hypersensitivity reactions.
food substance is not matured, over-matured
or putrefied [45] and taking meals in society is Conditions those Interfere with the
always unwholesome [46]. Viruddha Janya Ill Effects
There are a few factors that control or
Diseases Caused by Unwholesome Diet neutralize the hazardous effects of
Intake of unwholesome food is responsible for incompatible food in the body.
the causation of sterility, blindness, Visarpa The doshas do not produce disorders
(an obstinate skin disease characterized by an immediately in those who indulge in
acute spread), ascitis, eruptions, insanity, unhealthy practices (food, activities, etc.)
fistula, fainting, intoxication, tympanitis, as long as there is hindrance to their
spasmodic obstruction in throat, anemia, increase by the dushyas, which are of
poisoning due to Ama, Kilasa type of skin opposite qualities. Individuals with
disease, obstinate skin disease including optimum vyadhikshamatva will not get
leprosy, sprue, edema, acid dyspepsia, fever, affected by incompatible food and
rhinitis, fetal disease and even death. It has regimen [51].
been reported that the diseases caused by the By different combinations, unhealthy food
intake of unwholesome diets and drugs can be ingredients sometimes lose their bad
cured by emesis, purgation or administration qualities and become non-injurious.
of antidotes and by taking prophylactic Combinations of ingredients having only
measures [47]. Showing more seriousness to opposite qualities produce ill effects, e.g.,
unwholesome diet are incompatible to one honey and ghee in equal quantity along
another as regards their tastes, potencies and with Triphala churna combination is not
digestive transformation, a greedy and viruddha [52].
intemperate person gets afflicted with disease The combination of curd, milk, etc., may
and weakness of the sense organs as well as not be incompatible when the combined
ultimately meets his doom. Thus, an intelligent effect of the recipe is antagonistic to the
physician considering the nature of the dosha, dushya, bala, kala, etc., e.g.,
disease, the strength and temperament of the Lashuna Ksheera [53], Panchashrya, etc.
patient and the state of his digestion as well as Incompatible food, regimes, etc., do not
the seat of the affection the physical features cause adverse reactions in the persons
of the country and thin prevailing season of
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fortified with regular exercise, oleation of Dhatus and vitiate doshas are considered as
have optimum digestive power, youthful Ahita (59). All the modalities of treatment
and optimum bala [54] (immunity). such as hetu, vyadhi, hetu vyadhi viparita and
Artificial homologation (Kritrima Satmya hetu, vyadhi, hetu-vyadhi viparitarthakari-
Karma) of unwholesome substances will Anna, Aushadha and Vihara which result into
not produce adverse effects after amelioration are termed upashaya and the
habituation [55]. same when prove to be detrimental to health
Accustomed food even when taken in are anupashaya. Thus, almost anything can
excess does not vitiate dosha [56]. become allergen [60]. The partaking of both
Though hot milk has hot property and its pathya and apathya together is termed
madhura rasa is shita (cold), apparently Samashana and it is harmful [61]. Eating
viruddha, does not vitiate dosha [57]. again after a meal when previous meal is yet
undigested [62] is adhyashana. To eat before
Other Allergens or after the appropriate time is vishamashana
Apart from the Viruddha allergens, following [63]. One disease when becomes the cause of
factors can also be considered as allergens like another (e.g., Cor-Pulomonale). Few other
Apathya, Ahita, Anupashaya, Samashana, examples are: Raktapitta from Jwar, Shotha;
Adhyashana, Vishamashana, Nidanarthakara, Kasa and Kshaya from Pratishyaya [64].
Manasa. Inappropriate sound, touch, vision, taste and
smell have been also considered to produce
The substance that is not harmful to the body asatmya (allergic) [65]. Mental emotions
and mind is known as Pathya and conversely evolving should be retaining in mind so these
all the things which prove to be harmful are are consider as Dharaniya urges. The
apathya [59]. There are a lot of apathya wholesome food also taken in proper quantity
substances. Some are pollens, mold spares, does not get digested and produces ama
aerosols and volatile chemicals. Non- (toxin) due to anxiety, grief, fear, anger,
immunological contact substances are plant uncomfortable bed and vigil [66]. The
(nuts), animals like caterpillar and jellyfish, substances to which the body becomes
medications like dimethyl sulphoxide, accustomed after prolonged use and which do
uncertain mechanism for contact of not cause deleterious effects are Satmya.
ammonium sulphate in hair bleaches. Some Satmya is the homologues of a substance by
chemicals, foods, textiles, wood, saliva, the habit of using it for a long period. Satmya
cosmetics and perfumes are apathya. Physical can be a hita or an ahita. All those substances
stimuli, exercise induced anaphylactic which are not homologated or compatible to
syndrome, solar, cold, heat, vibrations and the body either be they hita/ahita are Asatmya
water create over reaction. The food articles (allergens) [67].
and behavior that do not maintain the harmony
Classification of Satmya
All samhitas Sushruta [69] Charaka [70] Hemadri [71]
Ajanma Satmya 1. Desha (i) Bhumi 1. Ritu 1. Kritrima satmya Asatmya
1. Pravara (ii) Atura 2. Oka 2. Akritrima satmya asatmya
2. Madhyama 2. Jati 3. Desha (a) Nirupadhika
3. Avara [68] 3. Ritu 4. Roga (b) Sopadhika
4. Roga
5. Vyayama
6. Udaka
7. Divaswapna
As per lexicon and samhitas, Satmya are three medium. Hemadri has classified the concept of
types according to symptoms. These are satmya as Kritrima and Akritrima. Kritrima
Pravar, madhyam and avar. Getting (artificial) satmya is the condition in which the
accustomed to all the tastes is best and to only body grows accustomed to even potentially
one taste is poor and to two or more tastes is harmful substances after prolonged use
JoAYUSH (2013) 1-10 © STM Journals 2013. All Rights Reserved Page 6
Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy
Volume 2, Issue 2, ISSN: 2278- 2214
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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Ayurvedic Concept of Allergy Singh et al.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy
Volume 2, Issue 2, ISSN: 2278- 2214
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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Ayurvedic Concept of Allergy Singh et al.
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