Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Download Statistics for People Who Think They Hate Statistics 6th Edition Salkind Test Bank all chapters
Download Statistics for People Who Think They Hate Statistics 6th Edition Salkind Test Bank all chapters
https://testbankfan.com/product/statistics-for-people-who-think-
they-hate-statistics-3rd-edition-salkind-test-bank/
https://testbankfan.com/product/statistics-for-people-who-think-
they-hate-statistics-using-microsoft-excel-2016-4th-edition-
salkind-test-bank/
https://testbankfan.com/product/statistics-for-people-who-hate-
statistics-5th-edition-salkind-test-bank/
https://testbankfan.com/product/tests-and-measurement-for-people-
who-think-they-hate-tests-and-measurement-3rd-edition-salkind-
test-bank/
Statistics For Psychology 6th Edition Arthur Aron Test
Bank
https://testbankfan.com/product/statistics-for-psychology-6th-
edition-arthur-aron-test-bank/
https://testbankfan.com/product/statistics-for-psychology-6th-
edition-aron-solutions-manual/
https://testbankfan.com/product/statistics-for-managers-using-ms-
excel-6th-edition-levine-test-bank/
https://testbankfan.com/product/basic-statistics-for-business-
economics-canadian-6th-edition-lind-test-bank/
https://testbankfan.com/product/business-statistics-6th-edition-
levine-test-bank/
Salkind, Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics, 6e
SAGE Publishing, 2017
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
3. The _______ is defined as an “educated guess” that describes the relationship between
variables.
a. research question
b. hypothesis
c. theorem
d. postulate
Ans: b
Answer Location: So You Want to Be a Scientist . . .
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. The _______ is a more testable version of a research question.
a. hypothesis
b. theorem
c. postulate
d. theory
Ans: a
Answer Location: So You Want to Be a Scientist . . .
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Which of the following refers to the group you wish to generalize your results to?
a. population
b. sample
c. sampling error
d. general group
Ans: a
Answer Location: Samples and Populations
Learning Objective: The difference between a sample and a population (again)
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Hypothesis testing relates to _______.
a. the sample
b. the population
c. multiple populations
d. samples and populations
Ans: a
Answer Location: So You Want to Be a Scientist . . .
Learning Objective: The importance of a null and research hypothesis
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. Unless you have sufficient evidence otherwise, you must assume that ______.
a. both the null and alternative hypotheses are true
b. the alternative hypothesis is true
c. neither the null nor alternative hypotheses are true
d. the null hypothesis is true
Ans: d
Answer Location: The Purposes of the Null Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. Which of the following types of hypotheses is considered an implied hypothesis?
a. the null hypothesis
b. the alternative hypothesis
c. the research hypothesis
d. none of these
Ans: a
Answer Location: The Purposes of the Null Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. What will you have if there is no difference between sample and population values?
a. a high sampling error
b. a low but positive sampling error
c. no sampling error
d. It cannot be determined.
Ans: c
Answer Location: Samples and Populations
Learning Objective: The difference between a sample and a population (again)
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. A _______ is a statement of equality between sets of variables.
a. null hypothesis
b. research hypothesis
c. nondirectional research hypothesis
d. directional research hypothesis
Ans: a
Answer Location: The Null Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. A _______ is a hypothesis that reflects the difference between groups but does not specify
the direction of the difference.
a. null hypothesis
b. directional research hypothesis
c. nondirectional research hypothesis
d. none of these
Ans: c
Answer Location: The Nondirectional Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. A _______ is a hypothesis that reflects the difference between groups and also specifies the
direction of the difference.
a. null hypothesis
b. nondirectional research hypothesis
c. directional research hypothesis
d. none of these
Ans: c
Answer Location: The Directional Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. The group you actually collect data from for your study is known as the _______.
a. population
b. sample
c. sampling error
d. general group
Ans: b
Answer Location: Samples and Populations
Learning Objective: The difference between a sample and a population (again)
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
24. Which of the following provides you with a measure of how well your sample approximates
the population?
a. generalizability
b. population
c. sampling error
d. hypothesis
Ans: c
Answer Location: Samples and Populations
Learning Objective: The difference between a sample and a population (again)
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Medium
25. In order to help ensure generalizability, which of the following should be true about your
sample?
a. It is small.
b. It is large.
c. It is representative.
d. It is nonrepresentative.
Ans: c
Answer Location: Samples and Populations
Learning Objective: The difference between a sample and a population (again)
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Medium
29. A smaller difference between the sample statistic and the population parameter means that
you will have _______ sampling error.
a. higher
b. lower
c. no
d. infinite
Ans: b
Answer Location: Samples and Populations
Learning Objective: The difference between a sample and a population (again)
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
30. What test would you want to use to test a nondirectional research hypothesis?
a. one-tailed test
b. two-tailed test
c. nonparametric test
d. frequency test
Ans: b
Answer Location: The Directional Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
31. What test would you want to use to test a directional research hypothesis?
a. one-tailed test
b. two-tailed test
c. nonparametric test
d. frequency test
Ans: a
Answer Location: The Directional Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
32. Null hypotheses refer to _______.
a. the sample
b. both samples and populations
c. multiple samples
d. the population
Ans: d
Answer Location: Some Differences Between the Null Hypothesis and the Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Medium
34. What type of hypothesis posits no relationship between the variables in your study?
a. directional hypothesis
b. nondirectional hypothesis
c. research hypothesis
d. null hypothesis
Ans: d
Answer Location: The Null Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
35. What type of hypothesis posits a difference between groups where the difference is
specified?
a. directional hypothesis
b. nondirectional hypothesis
c. research hypothesis
d. null hypothesis
Ans: a
Answer Location: The Directional Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Medium
36. What type of hypothesis posits a difference between groups where the difference is not
specified?
a. directional hypothesis
b. nondirectional hypothesis
c. research hypothesis
d. null hypothesis
Ans: b
Answer Location: The Nondirectional Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Medium
38. Which of the following symbols represents the first research hypothesis?
a. H1
b.
c. X1
d. H0
Ans: a
Answer Location: The Directional Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Medium
39. Which of the following symbols represents the theoretical average of the population for one
group?
a. H1
b.
c. X1
d. H0
Ans: b
Answer Location: Some Differences Between the Null Hypothesis and the Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Medium
40. A hypothesis is best defined as ______.
a. a difficult-to-define question
b. an educated guess
c. cause-and-effect analysis
d. a scientific inquiry
Ans: b
Answer Location: So You Want to Be a Scientist . . .
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
43. When the sample accurately represents the population, the results of the study are said to
have a high degree of _______.
a. quality
b. validity
c. error
d. generalizability
Ans: d
Answer Location: Samples and Populations
Learning Objective: The differences between a sample and a population (again)
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Medium
44. Which of the following is a measure of how well a sample approximates the characteristics
of a population?
a. sampling accuracy
b. sampling error
c. sampling generalizability
d. sampling consistency
Ans: b
Answer Location: Samples and Populations
Learning Objective: The differences between a sample and a population (again)
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Medium
45. Wolf cubs born in northern woods will grow thicker fur than wolf cubs born in southern
woods. This research hypothesis is an example of a _______.
a. directional hypothesis
b. nondirectional hypothesis
c. null hypothesis
d. mutual hypothesis
Ans: a
Answer Location: The Directional Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Application
Difficulty Level: Medium
47. “There is no difference in the weight between rats fed low-fiber diets and rats fed high-fiber
diets.” This is an example of a(n) _______.
a. null hypothesis
b. alternative hypothesis
c. directional hypothesis
d. nondirectional hypothesis
Ans: a
Answer Location: The Null Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Application
Difficulty Level: Medium
48. If you hypothesize that there will be a difference between test scores from Classroom A and
Classroom B, but you do not hypothesize the direction, you have _______.
a. a directional research hypothesis
b. a nondirectional research hypothesis
c. a null hypothesis
d. either a null or research hypothesis
Ans: b
Answer Location: The Nondirectional Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Application
Difficulty Level: Medium
49. If you were to hypothesize that test scores from Classroom A will be higher than test scores
from Classroom B, you would have a _______.
a. directional research hypothesis
b. nondirectional research hypothesis
c. null hypothesis
d. hypothesis type that cannot be determined
Ans: a
Answer Location: The Directional Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Application
Difficulty Level: Medium
53. When writing a research hypothesis, what type of letters are used?
a. Arabic
b. Greek
c. Roman
d. Latin (English)
Ans: c
Answer Location: Some Differences Between the Null Hypothesis and the Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Medium
54. The null hypothesis refers to the _______, whereas the research hypothesis refers to the
_______.
a. sample; population
b. direction; sample
c. population; direction
d. population; sample
Ans: d
Answer Location: Some Differences Between the Null Hypothesis and the Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypothesis
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Medium
57. If you were to hypothesize that there is a positive relationship between reaction time and
problem-solving ability, you would have a ______.
a. directional research hypothesis
b. nondirectional research hypothesis
c. null hypothesis
d. hypothesis type that cannot be determined
Ans: a
Answer Location: The Directional Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Application
Difficulty Level: Medium
58. If you were to hypothesize that there is a relationship between reaction time and problem-
solving ability, you would have a ______.
a. directional research hypothesis
b. nondirectional research hypothesis
c. null hypothesis
d. hypothesis type that cannot be determined
Ans: b
Answer Location: The Directional Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Application
Difficulty Level: Medium
59. If you were to hypothesize that communication students and history students will differ on
their oral communication measures, you would have a ______.
a. directional research hypothesis
b. nondirectional research hypothesis
c. null hypothesis
d. hypothesis type that cannot be determined
Ans: b
Answer Location: The Directional Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Application
Difficulty Level: Medium
60. If you were to hypothesize that communication students will have a higher average score on
the oral communication measures, you would have a ______.
a. directional research hypothesis
b. nondirectional research hypothesis
c. null hypothesis
d. hypothesis type that cannot be determined
Ans: a
Answer Location: The Directional Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Application
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
2. Sampling error relates to how well a population approximates the characteristics of a sample.
Ans: F
Answer Location: Samples and Populations
Learning Objective: The difference between a sample and a population (again)
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. If you are unsure whether the null or research hypothesis is true, you can assume that the
research hypothesis is true.
Ans: F
Answer Location: The Purposes of the Null Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Hypotheses should reflect the theory or literature on which they are based.
Ans: T
Answer Location: What Makes a Good Hypothesis?
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short Answer
1. What is the most important role of a hypothesis?
Ans: The most important role of the hypothesis is to reflect the general problem statement or
question that was the motivation for asking the research question in the first place.
Answer Location: So You Want to Be a Scientist . . .
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. What is the difference between the nondirectional research hypothesis and the directional
research hypothesis?
Ans: A nondirectional research hypothesis reflects a difference between groups, but the direction
of the difference is not specified. For example, the test scores of individuals receiving practice
are different from the test scores of individuals who did not receive practice. A directional
hypothesis reflects a difference between groups, and the direction of the difference is specified.
For example, the test scores of individuals receiving practice are greater than the test scores of
individuals who did not receive practice.
Answer Location: The Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Difficulty Level: Hard
7. What are four differences between the null hypothesis and the research hypothesis?
Ans: The null hypothesis and the research hypothesis differ in four ways. (1) The null hypothesis
states there is no relationship between variables, while the research hypothesis states that there is
a relationship between two variables. (2) The null hypothesis always refers to the population,
while the research hypothesis always refers to the sample. (3) The null hypothesis must be
indirectly tested (since it is impossible to test an entire population), whereas the research
hypothesis can be directly tested. (4) The null hypothesis is always written using Greek letters,
while the research hypothesis is always written in Roman letters.
Answer Location: Some Differences Between the Null Hypothesis and the Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Difficulty Level: Hard
8. Write the following statement in the form of an equation: There is no difference between IQ
scores of freshmen at State University and freshmen at University State.
Ans: H0: su = us
Answer Location: Some Differences Between the Null Hypothesis and the Research Hypothesis
Learning Objective: The importance of the null and research hypotheses
Cognitive Domain: Application
Difficulty Level: Medium
1910.
Ildiko.
Turha kauna.
1912.
Dies irae.
1912.
Mennyt.
1912.
Kevät kirkkahin.
Kevät kirkkahin,
mitä virkkaisin,
jos antais hän
mulle elämän?
1912
Loukatut.
1912.
Runokirje.
Rakastettu, armastettu
iankaikkisesti!
Kuinka kuolis lempeni,
mi nyt jo kaikki kesti?
Täällä, tähtitarhassani,
hiljaisuus on pyhä.
Tänne kuulut Sinä vain,
Sa ainut, armas yhä.
1912.
Näky.
1912.
Maria Antoinette.
Maria! Miks suutelet mua, mun haaveeni haltiatar? Ma vaan
olen kreivi von Fersen, sa Ranskan valtiatar. Sun polkusi
kumpuja kulkee, ma mies olen alhainen, on liikaa jo, että sa
arvaat polon rintani rakkauden.
Mitä mulleko jää, Maria? Pyhä lempeni mulle jää, jää mulle
mun onneni muistot ja puhdas tuntoni tää. Olet kallis sa mulle,
Maria, mut kalliimpi kuin sinäkin, on mulle mun kilpeni kirkas,
vala viimeisen ritarin.
1912.
Kunnia hälle!
Kysytään kerran,
kuinka en sortunut silloin,
kun olin kurja,
pelkäsin itseäni illoin,
kun koko maailma
vastassa seisoi kuin muuri,
eik' ollut mulla
muuta kuin murheeni.
Vastaan ma silloin:
ei ollut ansio oma,
sortunut oisin,
ollut jo raunio soma,
mutta mua auttoivat
maailman vaikeimmat kädet,
kirkkaimmat silmät,
vienoimmat kyynelevedet.
Kunnia hälle,
henkeni morsiamelle!
Kukkia hälle,
kukkien kuningattarelle!
Helmiä hälle,
helmelle ihmisyys-uskon!
Huntuja hälle,
hunnulle huomisen ruskon!
1912.
Siellä puut punalle paistoi…
(1913)
1.
Veneretki.
Soutelevat, joutelevat.
Neiti vieno virkkaa:
"Minne matka morsiamen?"
Soutelevat, joutelevat.
Mies väkevä virkkaa:
"Etkö jo enempi nähne?"
Katsahtavi hiussorea:
"Kuin hopeasolki
idän alta kuumottavi."
Soutelevat, joutelevat.
Onnen poika puhuu:
"Koht' eikö koti jo paista?"
Helkähtävä hienosormi:
"Niinkuin kiiltävänne
kaartuvi sylistä vetten."
2.
Terhensaari.
3.
Sininen lintu.
Lähtehessä kylpekäätte
kuusikummun alla,
virran vienon paaterella
päivää paistatelkaa.
Murhemuistot entisyyden
tuonne kaikki jääkööt,
tuskat öitten tummien
ja hikihelmet päiväin.
4.
Metamorfoosi.
Luonnonlapset.
Pyhäkkö.
1913.
Hyvä peto.
1913.
Leikkiä.
Leikkiä lyöden
sun luoksesi tulin,
mutta ma murheesi
hehkuhun sulin.