·

Group-13-18 of the periodic table

of element constitute the ↑block .
The
↑ -block contain metals , metalloids as well as
you-metals .

valence
· The

22
p-block elements
upt-6 .
have
general shell electronic
configuration
#
Ammous Bour
first of from 13.17
of the -block elements
· The member each
group of their respective
differs in
veal
many
octe from the other members

groups boot
of small high electronegativity
size ,
absence
of & d-orbital

·
The
first member of group also has greater ability to farm
a
px-pr

multiple bande with itself (eg C C NEN CEC) and with the elements
=
: , ,

& and now

/e.g ; C= 0 ,
C= N , CEN ,
N =
0) ,
as
compared to the other

members
of the Same
group
.

a
-
highest Oxidationstate bloc element iequal
The to
group
·
no

group no.
-

(2) becomes
in
increasingly more stable
groups 13 to 16 due to

inext pair effect .

suffocating gas
-
> choke or

Produceby no,one
in I

Oxygen .

down the is shift from

grou
>
-

in we
move · there a non-metallic to

metallic
through metalloidic character .
 it
# Mend
·
Molecular
nitrogen comprises 78 %
by
volume
of the
atmosphere.

In the earth's crust ,

it occurs as sodium nitrate ,
(NaNo - I called Chile

Saltpetre) & potaxium nitrate (Indian saltpetre)

Phosphorous occurr
of the apatite family Cag(POS
in minerals
·

CaXe (x F =
ol Legit fluorapatite (Cag(Pouls CaFe) which
,
U ,
o
.
are

the
main components of phosphate rocke .

Argenic
Antimony
.
& bismuth
found mainly sulphide minerals
are as

Moscovium in a

Synthetic radioactive element.

·
 screening
due to
=> poor
tect
El .

(3435)
144
-
5)
 N20 ( + + )
NHz ( 3)
-

NO 1 2)
+

Natal a)
-

*
201 + 3)
Nyon)-1)
NO2/N0u( + 4)
NgH1-yg)
N2051 + 51

However it does not fam compounds in + 5

does not d-
O S
. with
orbitaly
halogen as
nitrogen have
to accommodate of from other elements
to form
band .

G
in #

Duago's Mulei- less

electronegativity of Surrounding
i when
atans are

than 2 5. .

3rd
i when central atom are
from or

higher
Period .

quite difficult
hybridization
.

then are

#cons : > -

inactive S-orbital
lone pair =

Stereochemically
Bonding purep-orbital
=

So ,

Hybridisation (not
occurring)

·
Ammonia is only a mild
reducing agent
while Bills is the
strongest reducing agent amongst
all the
hydrides .
Due to easily bes of H .
& weak
(2-H) band strength.
So
acidity inco down
·

the
group
.
 Due to hih elec
tronegativity
and SmallSize of Nitrogen NH exhibite

blanding
·

hydrogen
in solid as well as
Liquid State .

of and points than Vander weal face

higher melting
The
Boon this it has that of PHy
·
.
,

in
bigger
SbH molecules
,

dominate the

weaker H-

In
banding.
ammonia .

↓S
+ 3

·
The oxides in lower oxidation state (i
& their reduction power
.
e+ 3) will act as
reducing
reagente dec .
from nitrogenact
to Bi.

Oxidation State (ie + 5) will

·
The oxides in
higher .
as

oxidizing agente and their oxidation

increase
Power should from N to

stability of
Bi as their 5 oxidation
State decreases from N to Bi

Naz in
Explosive NBr, and NIz are known only
,
as their

unstable ammoniates NBr GNHz & NIz GNHz

. .

>
-

due to
fajare Rule .

Falcium
nitride
Calcium threptide Imagnesium biemuthide)
Sbdiunide
>
-

(inc antimonidea

it

Nay)
It is obtained by making ammonium nitrite and then warming
↳ NHyN +
*

↳ -
>
My

3002
2 NaNy > 3N2 + 2Na N : -
Nitride ion