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Chapter 6
Ratio and Proportion
232 2 · 116 2
36. = =
Exercise Set 6.1 116 1 · 116 1
0.32 32 1 · 32 1
38. = = =
RC2. The statement is true. 0.96 96 3 · 32 3
2 6 4 47.5 107.3
RC4. = = so the given statement is false. 40. ,
3 9 9 107.3 47.5
42. 2 4. 0 0 0
3
2. + 3. 0 0 6
2 2 7. 0 0 6
329
4. 1 3 10 9 19
967 44. + = + =
3 10 30 30 30
2.3
6. 5 5
22 46. = 4
4
0.6 6 6
8. 1 3
0.7 +9 =+9
2 6
456.2 8 2 1
10. 13 = 14 = 14
333.1 6 6 3
10 12 11
12. /1 15
43 14 48. //
1 2. 5
/
4 − 9. 9
14. 2. 6
3
16. Attacks in states bordering the Pacific Ocean: 9 1 9 8 1
50. − = − =
3+3+2=8 16 2 16 16 16
Attacks in the other states: 3
52. 11 = 10
11 + 4 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 21 3
8 1 1
The ratio is . −6 =−6
21 3 3
2
168, 300 4
18. 3
711, 900
5 5·1 1
28 100 54. Potassium to nitrogen: = =
20. ; 15 5·3 3
100 28 15 3·5 3
Nitrogen to phosphorus: = =
13 184.5 10 2·5 2
22. ;
184.5 13
6 2·3 3 Exercise Set 6.2
24. = =
10 2·5 5
28 4·7 7 RC2. A rate of 9 hr per 8 pages can be expressed as choice
26. = = 9
36 4·9 9 (c), .
5.6 56 4 · 14 14 8
28. = = =
10 100 4 · 25 25 RC4. A rate of 8 essays per 3 hr can be expressed as choice
8
4.8 48 3 · 16 3 (a), .
3
30. = = =
6.4 64 4 · 16 4
18 mi mi
40 2 · 20 2 2. =2 , or 2 mph
32. = = 9 hr hr
60 3 · 20 3
443 m m
42 2 · 21 21 4. ≈ 9.23
34. = = 48 sec sec
100 2 · 50 50
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
108 Chapter 6: Ratio and Proportion
348 mi 36. 8 0. 8 9 2
6. = 24 mpg
14.5 gal × 8. 4
499.5 mi 3 2 3 5 6 8
8. = 37 mpg 64 7 1 3 6 0
13.5 gal
6 7 9. 4 9 2 8
10.
22,620,600 people
≈ 7.6
people
2,967,893 sq mi sq mi 50 6 / · 10 · 2 · 3
5 / 20
38. · − =− =−
9 5 /·3·5
3 / 3
3 hamburgers hamburgers
12. = 0.2 1 1 41 10 41 · ✧
10 41 2
15 min min 40. −4 ·3 =− · =− =− = −13
15 min min 10 3 10 3 ✧
10 · 3 3 3
=5
3 hamburgers hamburger 42. 95 ÷ 10 = 9.5
24,600 jobs jobs 50 6 50 5 / · 25 · 5
2 125
14. = 2460 44. ÷ = · = =
10 years year 9 5 9 6 9·2/·3 27
1100 ft ft 6 1 34 1 34 4
16. = 1100 46. 4 ÷ − = ÷ − = · − =
1 sec sec 7 4 7 4 7 1
4.6 km km 136 3
18. = 2.3 − = −19
2 hr hr 7 7
200 km km
20. =5
40 L L Exercise Set 6.3
4200 beats beats
22. = 70
60 min min RC2. Two pairs of numbers that have the same ratio are
$5.29 529/c proportional.
24. = ≈ 16.531/c/oz
32 oz 32 oz 2 3
$8.29 829/c RC4. For the equation = , the cross products are 2y and
= ≈ 17.271/c/oz x y
48 oz 48 oz 3x.
The 32 oz size is the better buy based on unit price alone.
2.
$2.99 299/c 7 6
26. = ≈ 18.688/c/oz 7 · 4 = 28 5 · 6 = 30
16 oz 16 oz
$4.51 451/c 5 4
= ≈ 16.107/c/oz
28 oz 28 oz
28 = 30, so the numbers are not proportional.
The 28 oz size is the better buy based on unit price alone.
$9.99 999/c 4.
28. = ≈ 34.423/c/oz 7 21
26 oz 26 oz 7 · 9 = 63 3 · 21 = 63
$14.99 1499/c 3 9
= ≈ 38.436/
c/oz
39 oz 39 oz
The 26 oz size is the better buy based on unit price alone. 63 = 63, so the numbers are proportional.
$3.59 359/c 6.
30. = ≈ 22.438/c/oz 4.5 6.7
16 oz 16 oz
$5.19 519/c 4.5 · 5.2 = 23.4 3.8 · 6.7 = 25.46
= ≈ 16.219/c/oz
32 oz 32 oz 3.8 5.2
The 32 oz size is the better buy based on unit price alone.
23.4 = 25.46, so the numbers are not proportional.
$4.79 479/c
32. = ≈ 8.870/c/oz
54 oz 54 oz 8.
$5.99 599/c 2 13 14
= ≈ 10.153/c/oz
59 oz 59 oz 2 13 · 21 = 49 14 · 3 12 = 49
Brand M is the better buy based on unit price alone. 3 12 21
$1.29 129/c
34. = ≈ 9.214/
c/oz 49 = 49, so the numbers are proportional.
14 oz 14 oz
$1.99 199/c
= ≈ 10.474/c/oz
19 oz 19 oz
$2.49 249/c
= = 12.450/c/oz
20 oz 20 oz
Brand F is the best buy based on unit price alone.
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Set 6.3 109
x 20 36 9
10. = 24. =
45 25 x 5
25 · x = 45 · 20 36 · 5 = x·9
45 · 20 36 · 5
x= =x
25 9
9 · 5/ · 5/ · 4 20 =x
x=
5/ · 5/ · 1
x = 36 26. x 16
=
20 15
8 n 15 · x = 20 · 16
12. =
10 5 20 · 16
8·5 = 10 · n x=
15
8·5 4·5 / · 16
=n x=
10 3·5 /
2/ · 2 · 2 · 5/ 64 1
=n x= , or 21
2/ · 5/ · 1 3 3
4 =n
28. 8 x
12 x =
14. = 11 5
4 3 8·5 = 11 · x
12 · 3 = 4·x 8·5
12 · 3 11
=x
=x
4 40
4/ · 3 · 3 = x, or
=x 11
4/ · 1
9 =x 7
3 =x
11
10 5
16. = 35 7
6 x 30. =
10 · x = 6 · 5 125 m
35 · m = 125 · 7
6·5
x= 125 · 7
10 m=
2/ · 3 · 5 / 35
x= / · 25 · 7
5 /
2/ · 5/ · 1 m=
x=3 /·7
5 /·1
m = 25
2 x
18. =
24 36 32. 15 3
=
2 · 36 = 24 · x y 4
2 · 36 15 · 4 = y·3
= x 15 · 4
24 =y
2/ · 3 ·✧ 12 3
= x
2/ ·✧12· 1 20 =y
3= x
34. x 1
8 20 =
20. = 6 6
12 x 6·x = 6·1
8 · x = 12 · 20 6·1
12 · 20 x=
6
x=
8 x=1
x = 30
36. 2 12
8 32 =
22. = 5 x
9 n 2 · x = 5 · 12
8 · n = 9 · 32
5 · 12
9 · 32 x=
n= 2
8 x = 30
9 · 4 · 8/
n=
8/ · 1
n = 36
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
110 Chapter 6: Ratio and Proportion
x 7.1 5
38. = 52. 8 = y
11 2 5 3
2 · x = 11 · 7.1
4 2
11 · 7.1
x= 5 3 5
2 · = ·y
8 2 4
78.1
x= 5 3 4
2 · · =y
x = 39.05 8 2 5
/·3·4
5 /
3 5 =y
40. = 2·4/·2·5/
y 4.5 3
3 · 4.5 = y·5 =y
4
3 · 4.5
=y 1 x
5 54. =
2.7 =y 7 1
4
2
42. 0.12 t 1
= 1·4 = 7·x
0.04 0.32 2
0.12 · 0.32 = 0.04 · t 9
0.12 · 0.32 2 =x
=t 7
0.04
0.96 =t 9 1
· =x
2 7
44. 6.3 0.7 9
= =x
0.9 n 14
6.3 · n = 0.9 · 0.7
0.9 · 0.7 1 1
n= 56. 3 6
6.3 2 = 2
y 2
n = 0.1 4
3
10.4 6.76 1 2 1
46. = 3 ·4 = y·6
12.4 t 2 3 2
10.4 × t = 12.4 × 6.76 7 14 13
· =y·
12.4 × 6.76 2 3 2
t=
10.4 7 14 2 /
t = 8.06 · · =y
/ 3 13
2
5 3 98
48. = = y, or
1 x 39
3 20
2 =y
1 39
5·x = ·3
3 3 3
58. 10 5
1 8 = 4
·3 2
x= 3 y
12
5 3
1 3 2 3
x= 10 · y = 12 · 5
5 8 3 4
83 38 23
50. 1 1 ·y = ·
8 3 4
4 = 2 38 23 8
1 x y= · ·
2 3 4 83
38 23 2 · 4 /
1 1 1 y= · ·
·x = · 3 4 / 83
4 2 2 38 · 23 · 2
4 1 1 4 y=
x= · · = 3 · 83
1 2 2 4 1748 5
x=1 y= , or 7
249 249
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 6 Mid-Chapter Review 111
60. Let s = the number of pounds of bird seed the feeder holds 8 2·4 2 4 2
11. = = · =
when full. 12 3·4 3 4 3
2
Solve: 4 = s 25 25 · 1 25 1 1
3 12. = = · =
75 3 · 25 25 3 3
s = 6 lb
32 4·8 4 8 8
62. Let f = the number of pounds of fudge David gave to 13. = = · =
28 4·7 4 7 7
Chris.
1 3
Solve: f = · 100 4 · 25 4 25 25
14. = = · =
2 4 76 4 · 19 4 19 19
3
f = lb 112 2 · 56 2 56 2
8 15. = = · =
56 56 · 1 1 56 1
64. Let s = the number of servings that can be prepared.
3 1 15 3·5 3 5 5
Solve s = 18 ÷ . 16. = = · =
4 2 3 3·1 3 1 1
1
s = 37 servings 2.4 2.4 10 24 2 · 12 2 12 2
2 17. = · = = = · =
8.4 8.4 10 84 7 · 12 7 12 7
66. Number of miles driven: 42, 912.1 − 42, 598.2 = 313.9 mi
313.9 mi 0.27 0.27 100 27 3·9 3 9 3
Miles per gallon: = 21.5 mpg 18. = · = = = · =
14.6 gal 0.45 0.45 100 45 5·9 5 9 5
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
112 Chapter 6: Ratio and Proportion
2 10
29. We can use cross products. 34. =
7 y
2.4 3.2 2 · y = 7 · 10
2·y 7 · 10
2.4 · 2.8 = 6.72 1.5 · 3.2 = 4.8 =
2 2
1.5 2.8
7 · 10
y=
Since the cross products are not the same, 6.72 = 4.8, we 2
know that the numbers are not proportional. 70
y=
2
30. We can use cross products.
y = 35
1 34 8 34
y 1.1
1 34 · 6 23 = 11 23 1 13 · 8 34 = 11 23 35. =
1.2 0.6
1 13 6 23 y · 0.6 = 1.2 · 1.1
2 2 y · 0.6 1.2 · 1.1
Since the cross products are the same, 11 = 11 , we =
3 3 0.6 0.6
know that the numbers are proportional. 1.32
y=
0.6
9 x y = 2.2
31. =
15 20
9 · 20 = 15 · x 0.24 y
36. =
9 · 20 15 · x 0.02 0.36
=
15 15 0.24 · 0.36 = 0.02 · y
9 · 20 0.24 · 0.36 0.02 · y
=x =
15 0.02 0.02
180 0.24 · 0.36
=x =y
15 0.02
12 =x 0.0864
=y
0.02
x 30 4.32 =y
32. =
24 18
x · 18 = 24 · 30 1 1
37.
x · 18 24 · 30 4 = 8
= x 1
18 18
4
24 · 30 1 1 1
x= · = x·
18 4 4 8
720 1 1 8 1
x= · · = x Dividing by
18 4 4 1 8
x = 40 8
=x
16
12 20
33. = 1
y 15 =x
2
12 · 15 = y · 20
12 · 15 y · 20 1 1
= 38. 1 7
20 20 2 = 2
1 x
12 · 15 3
=y 4
20 1 1 1
1 ·x = 3 ·7
180 2 4 2
=y
20 3 13 15
9 =y ·x = ·
2 4 2
2 13 15 3
x= · · Dividing by
3 4 2 2
/ · 13 · 3
2 /·5
x=
/·4·2
3 /
65 1
x= , or 16
4 4
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Set 6.4 113
a
10. Let t = the time it will take the teacher to grade 32 reports.
a
39. Yes; every ratio can be written as b . 4 32
b 1 Solve: =
90 t
40. By making some sketches, we see that the rectangle’s t = 720 min, or 12 hr
length must be twice the width. We can show this al-
gebraically as follows: 12. Let n = the number of ounces of nickel in Ethan’s watch.
l 1 3 n
= Solve: =
2l + 2w 3 13 4.16
3l = 2l + 2w n = 0.96 oz
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
114 Chapter 6: Ratio and Proportion
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 6 Summary and Review: Vocabulary Reinforcement 115
x 14
18. = 28. Let w = the width of the window, in feet.
5 7
w 120
7 · x = 5 · 14 Solve: =
5 · 14 3 15
x= w = 24 ft
7
x = 10 30. 28 = 2 · 2 · 7; 28 is composite.
x 3 31
20. =
11 4 32. 3 93
4 · x = 11 · 3 93 = 3 · 31
11 · 3
x= 34.
4 4 5
33 1
x= , or 8 , or 8.25 4 · 9 = 36 7 · 5 = 35
4 4 7 9
x 3 4 5
22. Find x : = =
5 4 7 9
4·x = 5·3
−1 −11 −2 −12 −1 −2
5·3 36. = ; = ; −11 > −12, so > .
x= 6 66 11 66 6 11
4
15 3 38. 18.3 + 2.5 × (−4.2) − (2.6 − 0.32 )
x= , or 3 , or 3.75
4 4
= 18.3 + 2.5 × (−4.2) − (2.6 − 0.09)
y 3 = 18.3 + 2.5 × (−4.2) − 2.51
Find y : =
6 4
= 18.3 − 10.5 − 2.51
4·y = 6·3
6·3 = 7.8 − 2.51
y= = 5.29
4
9 1
y = , or 4 , or 4.5
2 2 40. 2600 ÷ 13 − 53 = 2600 ÷ 13 − 125
x 3 = 200 − 125
24. Find x : =
12 5 = 75
5 · x = 12 · 3
12 · 3 42. First find how far the goalie should be from point A. Let
x= d = the distance, in feet.
5
36 1 d 2.7
x= , or 7 , or 7.2 Solve: =
5 5 35 6
d = 15.75 ft
y 3
Find y : = Find how far the goalie should stand from the goal:
6 5
5·y = 6·3 35 ft − 15.75 ft = 19.25 ft
6·3
y= 8664.3 x
5 44. =
18 3 10, 344.8 9776.2
y= , or 3 , or 3.6 8664.3(9776.2)
5 5 =x
10, 344.8
z 3
Find z : = 8188.068 ≈ x
7 5
5·z = 7·3 x 423.36
46. Find x : =
7·3 12.4 16.8
z=
5 12.4(423.36)
21 1 x=
z= , or 4 , or 4.2 16.8
5 5 x = 312.48
w 14
26. = y 423.36
12 7 Find y : =
18.5 16.8
7 · w = 12 · 14
18.5(423.36)
12 · 14 y=
w= 16.8
7
y = 466.2
w = 24 ft
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
116 Chapter 6: Ratio and Proportion
9 8
6. =
x 3
Chapter 6 Vocabulary Reinforcement 9·3 = x·8 Equating cross products
9·3 x·8
=
1. A ratio is the quotient of two quantities. 8 8
2. Similar triangles have the same shape. 9·3
=x
8
x c
3. To solve = for x, equate the cross products and divide 27
a d =x
on both sides to get x alone on one side. 8
7. Familiarize. Let d = the distance between the cities in
4. A rate is a ratio used to compare two different kinds of
reality, in miles.
measure.
Translate. We translate to a proportion.
5. A proportion states that two pairs of numbers have the 1 3
same ratio. Map distance → 1 ← Map distance
2 = 4
6. A unit price is the ratio of price to the number of units. Actual distance → 50 d ← Actual distance
Solve.
1 3
· d = 50 · 1
Chapter 6 Concept Reinforcement 2 4
1 7
· d = 50 ·
2 4
1. The statement is true. See page 333 in the text.
2 50 7 1
a c d= · · Dividing by
2. Find cross products. For = , we have ad = bc. For 1 1 4 2
b d
c d 2·2
/ / · 25 · 7
= , we have cb = ad, or bc = ad, or ad = bc. Since d=
a b 1·1·2 /·2/
the proportions have the same cross products, we see that d = 175
a c c d
= can be written as = . The given statement is Check. We substitute in the proportion and check cross
b d a b products.
true.
1 3
3. Similar triangles have the same shape but not necessarily 1
2 = 4
the same size. The given statement is false. 50 175
1 175 3 7 350 175
4. The statement is true. See page 364 in the text. · 175 = ; 50 · 1 = 50 · = =
2 2 4 4 4 2
The cross products are the same so the answer checks.
Chapter 6 Study Guide State. The cities are 175 mi apart in reality.
8. The ratio of 17.5 to y is the same as the ratio of 15 to 18.
17 We have the proportion
1. The ratio is . 17.5 15
3 = .
3.2 3.2 10 32 4·8 4 8 8 y 18
2. = · = = = · = Solve: 17.5 · 18 = y · 15
2.8 2.8 10 28 4·7 4 7 7
17.5 · 18
$120 120 $ =y
3. = = $7.5/hr, or $7.50/hr 15
16 hr 16 hr
21 = y
$2.79 279/c
4. = ≈ 9.964/c/oz We could also have used
17.5
=
20
to find y.
28 oz 28 oz y 24
$3.29 329/c
= ≈ 10.281/c/oz
32 oz 32 oz
Brand A is a better buy based on unit price alone. Chapter 6 Review Exercises
5. We can use cross products.
47
7 21 1. The ratio of 47 to 84 is .
84
7 · 27 = 189 9 · 21 = 189
9 27 46
2. The ratio of 46 to 1.27 is .
Since the cross products are the same, 189 = 189, we know 1.27
that the numbers are proportional. 83
3. The ratio of 83 to 100 is .
100
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 6 Summary and Review: Review Exercises 117
0.72 8 x
4. The ratio of 0.72 to 197 is . 16. =
197 9 36
8 · 36 = 9·x Equating cross products
12, 480
5. a) The ratio of 12,480 to 16,640 is . 8 · 36 9·x
16, 640 =
9 9
We can simplify this ratio as follows:
288
12, 480 3 · 5 · 8 · 8 · 13 3 5 · 8 · 8 · 13 3 =x
= = · = 9
16, 640 4 · 5 · 8 · 8 · 13 4 5 · 8 · 8 · 13 4 32 =x
b) The total of both kinds of fish sold is 12,480 lb +
16,640 lb, or 29,120 lb. Then the ratio of salmon 6 48
17. =
sold to the total amount of both kinds of fish sold x 56
16, 640 6 · 56 = x · 48
is .
29, 120 6 · 56 x · 48
=
We can simplify this ratio as follows: 48 48
16, 640 4 · 5 · 8 · 8 · 13 4 5 · 8 · 8 · 13 4 336
= = · = =x
29, 120 5 · 7 · 8 · 8 · 13 7 5 · 8 · 8 · 13 7 48
7 =x
9 3·3 3 3 3
6. = = · =
12 3·4 3 4 4 18.
120 7
3 =
3.6 3.6 10 36 4·9 4 9 9 7
x
7. = · = = = · = 3
6.4 6.4 10 64 4 · 16 4 16 16 120 · x = ·7
7
406 mi mi
8. = 28 , or 28 mpg 120 · x = 3
14.5 gal gal
120 · x 3
=
472, 500 revolutions revolutions 120 120
9. = 6300 , or 6300 rpm
75 min min 1
x=
319 gal 40
10. = 0.638 gal/ft2
500 ft2 19.
4.5
=
0.9
120 x
$18.99 1899/c
11. = = 6.33/
c/tablet 4.5 · x = 120 · 0.9
300 tablets 300 tablets
4.5 · x 120 · 0.9
$4.69 469/c =
12. = ≈ 19.542/c/oz 4.5 4.5
24 oz 24 oz 108
x=
$4.79 479/c 4.5
13. = ≈ 14.969/c/oz
32 oz 32 oz x = 24
$5.99 599/c
= ≈ 12.479/c/oz 20. Familiarize. Let d = the number of defective circuits in
48 oz 48 oz a lot of 585.
$9.99 999/c
= ≈ 15.609/c/oz Translate. We translate to a proportion.
64 oz 64 oz
The 48 oz size has the lowest unit price. Defective → 3 d ← Defective
=
Total circuits → 65 585 ← Total circuits
14. We can use cross products:
Solve. We solve the proportion.
9 36 3 d
9 · 60 = 540 15 · 36 = 540 =
65 585
15 60 3 · 585 = 65 · d
Since the cross products are the same, 540 = 540, we know 3 · 585
=d
that the numbers are proportional. 65
27 = d
15. We can use cross products: Check. We substitute in the proportion and check cross
products.
24 40
24 · 46.25 = 1110 37 · 40 = 1480 3 27
=
37 46.25 65 585
3 · 585 = 1755; 65 · 27 = 1755
Since the cross products are not the same, 1110 = 1480, The cross products are the same, so the answer checks.
we know that the numbers are not proportional.
State. It would be expected that 27 defective circuits
would occur in a lot of 585 circuits.
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
118 Chapter 6: Ratio and Proportion
21. a) Familiarize. Let c = the number of Canadian dollars 23. Familiarize. Let g = the amount of gasoline consumed
equivalent to 250 U.S. dollars. in the U.S. in 12 months, in billions of gallons.
Translate. We translate to a proportion. Translate. We translate to a proportion.
U.S. dollars → 1 250← U.S. dollars Gasoline → 89 g
= =
Canadian dollars→0.99 c ←Canadian dollars Months → 8 12
Solve. Solve.
1 · c = 0.99 · 250 Equating cross products 89 · 12 = 8 · g Equating cross products
c = 247.5 89 · 12 8·g
=
Check. We substitute in the proportion and check 8 8
cross products. 133.5 = g
1 250 Check. We substitute in the proportion and check cross
=
0.99 247.5 products.
1 · 247.5 = 247.5; 0.99 · 250 = 247.5 89 133.5
=
The cross products are the same, so the answer 8 12
checks. 89 · 12 = 1068; 8 · 133.5 = 1068
State. 250 U.S. dollars would be worth 247.50 The cross products are the same, so the answer checks.
Canadian dollars. State. At the given rate, 133.5 billion gallons, or
133,500,000,000 gallons, of gasoline would be consumed in
b) Familiarize. Let c = the cost of the sweatshirt in U.S.
12 months.
dollars.
Translate. We translate to a proportion. 24. Familiarize. Let g = the number of pounds of trash pro-
duced in Austin, Texas in one day.
U.S. dollars → 1
c ← U.S. dollars
= Translate. We translate to a proportion.
Canadian dollars→0.99 50 ←Canadian dollars
Trash → 23 g ← Trash
Solve. =
1 · 50 = 0.99 · c Equating cross products People → 5 820, 611 ← People
1 · 50 Solve.
=c 23 · 820, 611 = 5 · g Equating cross products
0.99
50.51 ≈ c 23 · 820, 611 5·g
Check. We substitute in the proportion and check =
5 5
cross products. 3, 774, 811 ≈ g
1 50.51 Check. We can divide to find the amount of garbage pro-
=
0.99 50 duced by one person and then multiply to find the amount
1 · 50 = 50; 0.99 · 50.51 = 50.0049 produced by 820,611 people.
The cross products are about the same. Remember 23 ÷ 5 = 4.6 and 4.6 · 820, 611 = 3, 774, 810.6 ≈ 3, 774, 811.
that we rounded the value of c. The answer checks. The answer checks.
State. The sweatshirt cost $50.51 in U.S. dollars. State. About 3,774,811 lb of garbage is produced in
Austin, Texas in one day.
22. Familiarize. Let d = the number of miles the train will
travel in 13 hr. 25. Familiarize. Let c = the number of calories Kevin would
1
Translate. We translate to a proportion. burn in 1 hr.
5
Miles → 448 d ← Miles Translate. We translate to a proportion.
=
Hours → 7 13 ← Hours Calories → 200 c ← Calories
=
Solve. 3 1
Time → 1 ← Time
448 · 13 = 7 · d Equating cross products 4 5
Solve.
448 · 13 7·d 1 3
= 200 · 1 = · c Equating cross products
7 7 5 4
832 = d 6 3
200 · = · c
Check. We find how far the train travels in 1 hr and then 5 4
multiply by 13: 4 6
· 200 · = c
448 ÷ 7 = 64 and 64 · 13 = 832 3 5
The answer checks. 4·5/ · 40 · 2 · 3
/
=c
/·5
3 /·1
State. The train will travel 832 mi in 13 hr.
320 = c
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 6 Summary and Review: Review Exercises 119
Check. We substitute in the proportion and check cross The ratio of y to 9 is the same as the ratio of 7 to 5.
products. y 7
=
200 320 9 5
=
3
1
1 y·5 = 9·7
4 5 9·7
1 6 3 y=
200 · 1 = 200 · = 240; · 320 = 240 5
5 5 4 63 3
The cross products are the same, so the answer checks. y= , or 12
5 5
1
State. Kevin would burn 320 calories in 1 hr. 29. If we use the sun’s rays to represent the third side of a
5 triangle in a drawing of the situation, we see that we have
26. Familiarize. Let l = the number of lawyers we would similar triangles. We let h = the height of the billboard,
expect to find in Chicago. in feet.
Translate. We translate to a proportion.
Lawyers → 4.6 l ← Lawyers Sun’s rays h
=
Population → 1000 2, 707, 120 ← Population Sun’s rays 8 ft
Solve. 5 ft 25 ft
4.6 · 2, 707, 120 = 1000 · l Equating cross products The ratio of h to 8 is the same as the ratio of 25 to 5.
4.6 · 2, 707, 120 1000 · l h 25
= =
1000 1000 8 5
12, 453 ≈ l h · 5 = 8 · 25
Check. We substitute in the proportion and check cross 8 · 25
h=
products. 5
4.6 12, 453 h = 40
=
1000 2, 707, 120 The billboard is 40 ft high.
4.6 · 2, 707, 120 = 12, 452, 752;
30. The ratio of x to 2 is the same as the ratio of 9 to 6.
1000 · 12, 453 = 12, 453, 000 ≈ 12, 452, 752 x 9
=
The answer checks. 2 6
State. We would expect that there would be about 12,453 x·6 = 2·9
lawyers in Chicago. 2·9
x=
6
27. The ratio of x to 7 is the same as the ratio of 6 to 9. x=3
x 6
= The ratio of y to 7 is the same as the ratio of 9 to 6.
7 9
y 9
x·9 = 7·6 =
7 6
7·6 7·2·3
x= = y·6 = 7·9
9 3·3
7·2 3 7·2 7·9
x= · = y=
3 3 3 6
14 2 21 1
x= , or 4 y= , or 10
3 3 2 2
x 2 The ratio of z to 5 is the same as the ratio of 9 to 6.
We could also have used the proportion = to find x. z 9
7 3 =
5 6
28. The ratio of x to 8 is the same as the ratio of 7 to 5.
z·6 = 5·9
x 7
= 5·9 5·3·3
8 5 z= =
x·5 = 8·7 6 2·3
5·3 3 5·3
8·7 z= · =
x= 2 3 2
5
15 1
56 1 z= , or 7
x= , or 11 2 2
5 5
18 servings
31. = 0.72 serving/lb
25 lb
Answer B is correct.
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
120 Chapter 6: Ratio and Proportion
32. Familiarize. Let p = the price of 5 dozen eggs. Next we write and solve a proportion to find how many
Translate. We translate to a proportion. gallons of primer are needed. Let p = the amount of primer
needed.
Eggs → 3 5 ← Eggs
= Finishing paint → 2 11 ← Finishing paint
Price → 5.04 p ← Price =
Primer → 3 p ← Primer
Solve. We solve the proportion.
2 · p = 3 · 11
3 5
= 3 · 11
5.04 p p=
3 · p = 5.04 · 5 2
33
3·p 5.04 · 5 p= , or 16.5
= 2
3 3
Thus, 11 gal of finishing paint and 16.5 gal of primer should
p = 8.4 be purchased.
Check. We substitute in the proportion and check cross
products.
3
=
5 Chapter 6 Discussion and Writing Exercises
5.04 8.4
3 · 8.4 = 25.2; 5.04 · 5 = 25.2
1. In terms of cost, a low faculty-to-student ratio is less ex-
The cross products are the same, so the answer checks. pensive than a high faculty-to-student ratio. In terms
State. 5 dozen eggs would cost $8.40. of quality of education and student satisfaction, a high
faculty-to-student ratio is more desirable. A college presi-
Answer C is correct.
dent must balance the cost and quality issues.
33. In 8 rolls of towels with 60 sheets per roll there are 8 · 60,
2. Unit prices can be used to solve proportions involving
or 480 sheets.
money. In Example 3 in Section 5.2, for instance, we would
$8.67 867/
c
= ≈ 1.806/c/sheet have divided $470 by the units, or 40 hr, to find the rate
480 sheets 480 sheets of pay per hour.
In 15 rolls of towels with 60 sheets per roll there are 15·60,
or 900 sheets. 3. Leslie used 4 gal of gasoline to drive 92 mile. At the same
$14.92 1492/c rate, how many gallons would be needed to travel 368 mi?
= ≈ 1.658/c/sheet
900 sheets 900 sheets 4. Yes; consider the following pair of triangles.
In 6 rolls of towels with 165 sheets per roll there are 6·165,
or 990 sheets. ✁
$13.95 1395/c ✁ ❜
≈ 1.409/ ❅
❅❜❜ y
990 sheets
=
990 sheets
c/sheet 2✁ x
✁ 2 ❜❜
❅
The package containing 6 big rolls with 165 sheets per roll ✁ ❅ ❜
is the best buy based on unit price alone. 1 1
34. The ratio of x to 5678 is the same as the ratio of 2530.5 to Two pairs of sides are proportional, but we can see that x
3374. is shorter than y so the ratio of x to y is clearly not the
x 2530.5 same as the ratio of 1 to 1 (or 2 to 2).
=
5678 3374
x · 3374 = 5678 · 2530.5
5678 · 2530.5 Chapter 6 Test
x=
3374
x = 4258.5 85
1. The ratio of 85 to 97 is .
The ratio of z to 7570.7 is the same as the ratio of 3374 to 97
2530.5. 0.34
z 3374 2. The ratio of 0.34 to 124 is .
= 124
7570.7 2530.5 18 2·9 2 9 9
z · 2530.5 = 7570.7 · 3374 3. = = · =
20 2 · 10 2 10 10
7570.7 · 3374
z= 0.75 0.75 100
2530.5 4. = · Clearing the decimals
0.96 0.96 100
z ≈ 10, 094.3
75
=
35. First we divide to find how many gallons of finishing paint 96
are needed. 3 · 25 3 25
= = ·
4950 ÷ 450 = 11 gal 3 · 33 3 33
25
=
33
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 6 Test 121
10 ft 10 ft x 27
5. = = 0.625 ft/sec 14. =
16 sec 16 sec 100 64
x · 64 = 100 · 27 Equating cross products
16 servings 16 servings 4
6. = = servings/lb, or x · 64 100 · 27
12 lb 12 lb 3 =
1 64 64
1 servings/lb 2700
3 x=
64
464 mi 464 mi x = 42.1875
7. = = 32 mpg
14.5 gal 14.5 gal
68 17
$2.49 249 cents 249 cents 15. =
8. = = ≈ 15.563 cents/oz y 25
16 oz 16 oz 16 oz 68 · 25 = y · 17 Equating cross products
$6.59 659/c 68 · 25 y · 17
9. = = 16.475/c/oz =
40 oz 40 oz 17 17
$6.99 699/c 4 ·✧17 · 25
= = 13.980/c/oz =y
50 oz 50 oz ✧ 17 · 1
$11.49 1149/c 100 =y
= = 11.490/c/oz
100 oz 100 oz
16. Familiarize. Let d = the distance the boat would travel
$24.99 2499/c
= = 16.660/c/oz in 42 hr.
150 oz 150 oz
The 100-oz size has the lowest unit price. Translate. We translate to a proportion.
Distance → 432 d ← Distance
10. We can use cross products: =
Time → 12 42 ← Time
7 63 Solve.
7 · 72 = 504 8 · 63 = 504 432 · 42 = 12 · d Equating cross products
8 72 432 · 42 12 · d
=
12 12
Since the cross products are the same, 504 = 504, we know
7 63 1512 = d Multiplying and dividing
that = , so the numbers are proportional. Check. We substitute in the proportion and check cross
8 72
products.
11. We can use cross products:
432 1512
=
12 42
1.3 5.6
432 · 42 = 18, 144; 12 · 1512 = 18, 144
1.3 · 15.2 = 19.76 3.4 · 5.6 = 19.04
3.4 15.2 The cross products are the same, so the answer checks.
State. The boat would travel 1512 km in 42 hr.
Since the cross products are not the same, 19.76 = 19.04,
1.3 5.6 17. Familiarize. Let m = the number of minutes the watch
we know that = , so the numbers are not propor-
3.4 15.2 will lose in 24 hr.
tional.
Translate. We translate to a proportion.
9 27 Minutes lost → 2 m ← Minutes lost
12. =
4 x =
Hours → 10 24 ← Hours
9 · x = 4 · 27 Equating cross products
9·x 4 · 27 Solve.
= 2 · 24 = 10 · m Equating cross products
9 9
4 · 9/ · 3 2 · 24 10 · m
x= =
9/ · 1 10 10
x = 12 4.8 = m Multiplying and dividing
Check. We substitute in the proportion and check cross
150 x
13. = products.
2.5 6
2 4.8
150 · 6 = 2.5 · x Equating cross products =
10 24
150 · 6 2.5 · x 2 · 24 = 48; 10 · 4.8 = 48
=
2.5 2.5
The cross products are the same, so the answer checks.
900
=x State. The watch will lose 4.8 min in 24 hr.
2.5
360 =x
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
122 Chapter 6: Ratio and Proportion
18. Familiarize. Let d = the actual distance between the b) Familiarize. Let y = the number of packages of
cities. yarn needed to make 20 hats.
Translate. We translate to a proportion. Translate. We translate to a proportion.
Map distance → 3 7 ← Map distance Hats → 8 20 ← Hats
= =
Actual distance → 225 d ← Actual distance Yarn → 12 y ← Yarn
Solve. Solve.
3 · d = 225 · 7 Equating cross products 8 · y = 12 · 20 Equating cross products
3·d 225 · 7 12 · 20
= y=
3 3 8
d = 525 Multiplying and dividing y = 30
Check. We substitute in the proportion and check
Check. We substitute in the proportion and check cross cross products.
products. 8 20
= ; 8 · 30 = 240; 12 · 20 = 240
3 7 12 30
=
225 525 The cross products are the same, so the answer
3 · 525 = 1575; 225 · 7 = 1575 checks.
The cross products are the same, so the answer checks. State. 30 packages of yarn are needed for 20 hats.
State. The cities are 525 mi apart. 21. Familiarize. Let c = the cost of a turkey dinner for 14
19. If we use the sun’s rays to represent the third side of the people.
triangles in the drawing of the situation in the text, we see Translate. We translate to a proportion.
that we have similar triangles. The ratio of 3 to h is the People → 8 14 ← People
same as the ratio of 5 to 110. We have the proportion =
Cost → 33.81 c ← Cost
3 5
= . Solve.
h 110
Solve: 3 · 110 = h · 5 8 · c = 33.81 · 14
3 · 110 h·5 33.81 · 14
= c=
5 5 8
66 = h c ≈ 59.17
The tower is 66 m high. Check. We substitute in the proportion and check cross
products.
20. a) Familiarize. Let h = the number of hats Kayla 8 14
can make from 20 packages of yarn. =
33.81 59.17
Translate. We translate to a proportion. 8 · 59.17 = 473.36; 33.81 · 14 = 473.34
Hats → 8 h ← Hats Since 473.36 ≈ 473.34, the answer checks.
=
Yarn → 12 20 ← Yarn State. It would cost about $59.17 to serve a turkey dinner
for 14 people.
Solve.
8 · 20 = 12 · h Equating cross products 22. The ratio of 10 to x is the same as the ratio of 5 to 4. We
8 · 20 have the proportion
=h
12 10 5
= .
1 x 4
13 = h
3 Solve: 10 · 4 = x · 5
Check. We substitute in the proportion and check 10 · 4 x·5
cross products. =
5 5
1 8=x
8 13
= 3
The ratio of 11 to y is the same as the ratio of 5 to 4. We
12 20
1 40 have the proportion
8 · 20 = 160; 12 · 13 = 12 · = 160 11 5
3 3 = .
The cross products are the same, so the answer y 4
checks. Solve: 11 · 4 = y · 5
State. Kayla can make 13 hats from 20 packages of 11 · 4 y·5
yarn. =
5 5
8.8 = y
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cumulative Review Chapters 1 - 6 123
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
124 Chapter 6: Ratio and Proportion
4 3 .
10. 2. 3∧ 9 8. 9∧ 90 2·3·3·5 2·3·3 5 5 5
20. = = · = =
9 2 144 2·2·2·2·3·3 2·3·3 2·2·2 2·2·2 8
6 9 3
6 9 21. × 9.53 = 0.6 × 9.53 = 5.718
5
0
1 3
22. × 0.645 − × 0.048 = 0.215 − 0.036 = 0.179
8 99 3 4
11. 5 4 4 8, 5 46 0.3
4 3 2 23. The ratio of 0.3 to 15 is .
15
5 3 4
4 8 6 24. We can use cross products:
4 86
3 25
4 86
3 · 75 = 225 9 · 25 = 225
0
9 75
7 14 7 33 7 · 33 7 · 3 · 11
12. − ÷ =− · =− =− = Since the cross products are the same, 225 = 225, we know
11 33 11 14 11 · 14 11 · 2 · 7
3 25
7 · 11 3 3 that = , so the numbers are proportional.
· − =− 9 75
7 · 11 2 2
660 meters
25. = 55 m/sec
13. 30,074 = 3 ten thousands + 0 thousands + 0 hundreds + 12 seconds
7 tens + 4 ones, or 3 ten thousands + 7 tens + 4 ones
$0.99 99/c
26. = = 12.375/c/oz
14. A word name for 120.07 is one hundred twenty and seven 8 oz 8 oz
hundredths. $3.29 329/c
= ≈ 13.429/c/oz
24.5 oz 24.5 oz
15. To compare two numbers in decimal notation, start at the
The 8-oz size has the lower unit price.
left and compare corresponding digits moving from left to
right. When two digits differ, the number with the larger 14 x
digit is the larger of the two numbers. 27. =
25 54
0.7 14 · 54 = 25 · x Equating cross products
↑ Different; 7 is larger than 6. 14 · 54 25 · x
↓ =
0.698 25 25
30.24 =x
Thus, 0.7 is larger.
The solution is 30.24.
16. To compare two negative numbers in decimal notation,
start at the left and compare corresponding digits moving 28. 423 = 16 · t
from left to right. When two digits differ, the number with 423 16 · t
=
the smaller digit is the larger of the two numbers. 16 16
−0.799 26.4375 = t
↑ Different; 7 is smaller than 8. The solution is 26.4375.
↓
−0.8 2 16
29. ·y =
Thus, −0.799 is larger. 3 27
16 2
17. 3 ← 3 is prime. y= ÷
27 3
3 9 16 3 16 · 3 2·8·3
2 1 8 y= · = =
27 2 27 · 2 3·9·2
2 3 6 2·3 8 8
2 7 2 y= · =
2·3 9 9
2 14 4
8
Thus, 144 = 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 · 3 · 3, or 24 · 32 . The solution is .
9
18. 18 = 2 · 3 · 3 30.
7
=
56
30 = 2 · 3 · 5 16 x
7·x = 16 · 56 Equating cross products
The LCM is 2 · 3 · 3 · 5, or 90.
7·x 16 · 56
1 =
19. The rectangle is divided into 8 equal parts. The unit is . 7 7
8 x = 128
The denominator is 8. We have 5 parts shaded. This tells
5 The solution is 128.
us that the numerator is 5. Thus, is shaded.
8
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cumulative Review Chapters 1 - 6 125
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
126 Chapter 6: Ratio and Proportion
40. If the mileage is 28.16 miles per gallon, then the rate of
1 gallon
gallons per mile is :
28.16 miles
1 1 100 100 4 · 25 4 25 25
= · = = = · =
28.16 28.16 100 2816 4 · 704 4 704 704
Answer B is correct.
41.
18 ft
x ?
10 ft
8 yd
Copyright
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
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