12 SETS

12 Chapter 01
Matrices

ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITY

Previous Year Questions

1. (a) Three resistors R1, R2 and R3 are connected in
parallel and the combination is connected to a battery,
an ammeter, a voltmeter and a key. Draw suitable circuit
diagram to show the arrangement of these circuit
components along with the direction of current flowing.
(b) Calculate the equivalent resistance of the following
network :
(b) The resistance of a wire of 0.01 cm radius is 10 .
If the resistivity of the wire is 50 10−8 m , find the
length of this wire.
Or
(a) What is the meaning of electric power of an electrical
device ? Write its SI unit.
(b) An electric kettle of 2kW is used for 2h. Calculate
the energy consumed in

(i) kilowatt hour and

(ii) joules

[CBSE 31-2-1 (2022)]

[CBSE 31-1-1 (2022)]
5. (a) An electric heater rated 1100 W operates at 220 V.
2. (a) (i) Define Electric Power and write its SI unit. Calculate (i) its resistance, and (ii) the current drawn by
(ii) Two bulbs rated 100 W; 220 V and 60 W; 220 V are it.
connected in parallel to an electric mains of 220 V. Find Or
the current drawn by the bulbs from the mains.
(b) Calculate the equivalent resistance of the following
Or electric circuit :
(b) (i) State Joule's law of heating. Express it
mathematically when an appliance of resistance R is
connected to a source of voltage V and the current I
flows through the appliance for a time t.

(ii) A 5 resistor is connected across a battery of 6

volts. Calculate the energy that dissipates as heat in 10s.

[CBSE 31-1-1 (2022)]

[CBSE 31-3-1 (2022)]
3. (a) State Ohm's Law. Represent it mathematically.
6. Study the following electric circuit in which the resistors
(b) Define 1 ohm.
are arranged in three arms A, B and C :
(c) What is the resistance of a conductor through which
a current of 0.5 A flows when a potential difference of
2 V is applied across its ends ?

[CBSE 31-2-1 (2022)]

4. (a) List the factors on which the resistance of a uniform

cylindrical conductor of a given material depends.

(a) Find the equivalent resistance of arm A.
(b) Calculate the equivalent resistance of the parallel
combination of the arms B and C.
(c) (i) Determine the current that flows through the
ammeter.
Or
(ii) Determine the current that flows in the ammeter
when the arm B is withdrawn from the circuit.
[CBSE 31-3-1 (2022)]
7. An electric motor rated 1100 W is connected to 220 V
mains. Find :
(i) The current drawn from the mains,
(ii) Electric energy consumed if the motor is used for 5
hours daily for 6 days.
(iii) Total cost of energy consumed if the rate of one unit
is ₹5.
Or
Study the following circuit and find :
(i) Effective resistance of the circuit
(ii) Current drawn from the battery
(iii) Potential difference across the 5 resistor
[CBSE 31-4-1 (2022)]
8. If four identical resistors, of resistance 8 ohm, are first
connected in series so as to give an effective resistance
Rs, and then connected in parallel so as to give an
Rs
effective resistance Rp, then the ratio is
Rp
(a) 32 (b) 2
(c) 0.5 (d) 16
ELECTRICITY
[CBSE 31-1-1 (2023)]
9. In the following diagram, the position of the needle is
shown on the scale of a voltmeter. The least count of the
voltmeter and the reading shown by it respectively are :
(a) 0.15 V and 1.6 V (b) 0.05 V and 1.6 V
(c) 0.15 V and 1.8 V (d) 0.05 V and 1.8 V
[CBSE 31-1-1 (2023)]
10. (a) An electric iron consumes energy at a rate of 880 W
when heating is at the maximum rate and 330 W when
the heating is at the minimum. If the source voltage is
220 V, calculate the current and resistance in each case.
(b) What is heating effect of electric current ?
(c) Find an expression for the amount of heat produced
when a current passes through a resistor for some time.
[CBSE 31-1-1 (2023)]
11. For verifying Ohm's law, we design an electric circuit
diagram in which we show the arrangement of different
circuit components. We find that with respect to the
resistor, the :
(a) ammeter is connected in parallel and the voltmeter
in series.
(b) ammeter is connected in series and the voltmeter in
parallel.
(c) ammeter and voltmeter are both connected in series.
(d) ammeter and voltmeter are both connected in
parallel.
[CBSE 31-2-1 (2023)]
12. In a resistive circuit if the current is increased to two
times, the percentage change in the amount of heat
dissipated in the circuit would be :
ELECTRICITY

(a) 400% (b) 300% [CBSE 31-2-1 (2023)]

(c) 200% (d) 100% 16. Two LED bulbs of 12W and 6W are connected in series.

[CBSE 31-2-1 (2023)] If the current through 12W bulb is 0.06A the current
through 6W bulb will be :
13. V-I graph for two conducting wires A and B are as
shown. If both wires are of the same length and same (a) 0.04A (b) 0.06A

diameter, which of the two is made of a material of high (c) 0.08A (d) 0.12A
resistivity ? Give reasons to justify your answer. [CBSE 31-4-1 (2023)]

17. The resistance of a resistor is reduced to half of its initial

value. If other parameters of the electrical circuit remain
unaltered, the amount of heat produced in the resistor
will become :

(a) four times (b) two times

(c) half (d) one fourth

[CBSE 31-2-1 (2023)] [CBSE 31-4-1 (2023)]
14. Explain the meaning of overloading of an electrical 18. (i) How is electric current related to the potential
circuit. List two possible causes due to which difference across the terminals of a conductor ?
overloading may occur in household circuits. Write one
Draw a labelled circuit diagram to verify this
preventive measure that should be taken to avoid
relationship.
overloading of domestic circuits.
(ii) Why should an ammeter have low resistance ?
[CBSE 31-2-1 (2023)]
(iii) Two V - I graphs A and B for series and parallel
15. Consider the following electrical circuit diagram in
combinations of two resistors are as shown. Giving
which nine identical resistors of 3 each are connected
reason state which graph shows
as shown. If the reading of the ammeter A1 is 1 ampere,
(a) series, (b) parallel combination of the resistors.
answer the following questions :

(a) What is the relationship between the readings of A 1

and A3? Give reasons for your answer.

(b) What is the relationship between the readings of A2 [CBSE 31-4-1 (2023)]

and A3?

(c) Determine the reading of the voltmeter V 1. 19. The expressions that relate (i) Q, I and t and (ii) Q, V

Or and W respectively are (Here the symbols have their

usual meanings) :
(c) Find the total resistance of the circuit.
 ELECTRICITY

Q V (ii) List two factors on which the resistance of a

(a) (i) I = (ii) W =
t Q rectangular conductor depends.

(b) (i) Q = I × t (ii) W = V × Q (iii) How will the resistance of a wire be affected if its

I W (1) length is doubled, and

(c) (i) Q = (ii) V =
t Q (2) radius is also doubled ?

Q V Give justification for your answer.

(d) (i) I = (ii) Q =
t W OR
[CBSE 31-5-1 (2023)] (b) In an electric circuit three bulbs of 100 W each are
20. (a) State Ohm’s Law. connected in series to a source. In another circuit set of
(b) Name and define the physical quantity determined three bulbs of the same wattage are connected in parallel
by the slope of V - I curve given in the diagram. Use this to the same source.
graph to find the value of this physical quantity in SI (i) Will the bulb in the two circuits glow with the same
units. brightness ? Justify your answer.

(ii) Now, let one bulb in both the circuits get fused. Will
the rest of the bulbs continue to glow in each circuit ?
Give reason for your answer.

[CBSE 31-6-1 (2023)]

(c) Establish the relationship between 1 kWh and 1

joule.

[CBSE 31-5-1 (2023)]

21. Let the resistance of an electrical device remain

constant, while the potential difference across its two
ends decreases to one fourth of its initial value. What
change will occur in the current through it ? State the
law which helps us in solving the above stated question.

[CBSE 31-6-1 (2023)]

22. (a) (i) What is meant by resistance of a conductor ?

Define its SI unit.
ELECTRICITY

Solutions
• directly proportional to the square of current for a

(
given resistance / H  I 2 )
• directly proportional to the resistance for a given
current/ ( H  R )

• directly proportional to the time for which the current

1. (a) flows through the resistor / ( H  t )
Circuit diagram with given components
• H = VIt
Direction
(ii) V = 6V ; R = 5; t = 10s
(b) Resistance between C and D is given by
Energy dissipated as heat in t = 10 s is
1 1 1 2 1
= + = =
RCD 10 10 10 5 V2
H= t
R
RCD = 5
( 6V )
2

D and B = R4 = 5 =  10s
5
 Total resistance is RS = RCD + R1 + R4 = 72 J
Rtotal = 5 + 5 + 5 3. (a) The potential difference(V) across the ends of a

= 15 given metallic wire or conductor is directly proportional

to the current(l) flowing through it, provided the
2. (i) The rate at which electric energy is dissipated or
temperature / physical conditions of the conductor
consumed in an electric circuit.
remains the same.
S.I. unit — watt / V. A / joule per second
V I
(ii) • Current drawn by first bulb
V / I = Constant
100W 100
I1 = = ampere V = IR
220V 220
(b) If the potential difference across the two ends of a
• Current drawn by second bulb
conductor is 1 V and the current through it is 1 A, then
60W 60
I2 = = ampere the resistance R of the conductor is 1 ohm.
220V 220
1volt
Both the bulbs are in parallel Alternative answer: 1ohm =
1 ampere
Total current, I = I1 + I 2
V
(c) R =
 100 60  160 I
= +  ampere = A = 0.73 A
 220 220  220
2V
R=
Or 0.5 A
(b) (i) This law states that heat produced in a resistor is- 4 ohm
 ELECTRICITY

4. (a) (i) Length of the conductor ( l ) 1 1 1

= +
RP R2 RS
(ii) Area of cross-section of the conductor (A)
1 1 1
(b) Radius of wire, r = 0.01cm = 0.0110−2 m = + = 
20 20 10
Resistance, R = 10
RP = 10
Resistivity,  = 50 10 m
−8

Total equivalent resistance = R = R1 + RP + R5

l l R r 2
R= =  2 l = = R = 20 + 10 + 10 = 40
A r 
6. (a) RS = R1 + R2 + R3 = 40
10 22  ( 0.01 10−2 ) m
2

l= 1 1 1
7  50 10−8 m (b) = +
R p RB RC
22
= m = 0.629m / 0.628m / 0.62m 1 1 1
35 = +
R p 30 60
Or
R p = 20
(a) Rate at which electric energy is dissipated /
consumed in an electric circuit (c) (i) R = Rs + R p
SI unit : watt / joule per second / volt . ampere
= 40 + 20 = 60
(b) E = P  t
V 6V 1
I = = = A = 0.1A
(i) 2kW  2h = 4kWh R 60 10

(ii) 4  3.6 106 joules = 14.4 106 J /1.44 107 J Or

5. (a) P (Power) = V (Potential difference)  I (Current) (c) (ii) Resistance, R = 40 + 60 = 100

Here P = 1100W ,V = 220V , I = ?, R = ? V 6V

I = = = 0.06 A
R 100
V2
P= 7. Power (P) = 1100 W, V = 220 V
R
P
V2 (i) Current drawn = I =
(i) R = V
P

220V  220V 1100W

= = = 5A
1100W 220V

(ii) E = P  t
= 44

V = 1100W  5h  6 = 33000Wh
(ii) I =
R (iii) Cost of one commercial unit = ₹5
V 220V Energy consumed = 33 kWh = 33 unit = 118.8 × 10 6 J
I (Current) = = = 5A
R 44
Cost of 33 unit = 33 × 5 = ₹165
Or
Or
(b) RS = R3 + R4 = 10 + 10 = 20
(i) Effective resistance of the circuit
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Rs = R3 + R4 = 4 + 6 = 10 (b) When electric current is passed through a resistor,

electrical energy is dissipated and appears as heat
1 1 1 1 1 2 1
= + = + = = energy.
R p Rs R2 10 10 10 5
(c) H = I 2 Rt / H = VIt
R p = 5
11. (b)
Total resistance of the circuit
12. (b)
R1 + Rp + R5 = 5 + 5 + 10 = 20
13. • Wire B.
(ii) Current drawn from the battery
• For the conductors of the same dimensions greater the
V = 20V , R = 20
resistance, greater is the resistivity.
V 20V 14. • Overloading : Overloading of an electrical circuit
I= =
R 20 happens when an excessive amount of electric current
I = 1A flows through the wires.
(iii) Reading in voltmeter connected across 5 • Two causes:
Resistance (i) Contact between live and neutral wire/ short
V = IR circuiting

I = 1A (ii) Connecting too many appliances to a single socket.

R = 5 (iii) Accidental hike in supply voltage

V = 1A  5 = 5V • Preventive measure :

8. (d) (i) To use wires of proper insulation/proper rating

9. (c) (ii) Not connecting too many appliances to a single

socket.
10. (a) When heating is at maximum rate.
(iii) fuse wires
Power, P = 880 W
15. (a) • Both have same reading / A1 = A3
Voltage, V = 220 V
• Both are connected in series
P 880
Current, I = = = 4A
V 220 1
(b) Reading of A2 = A as current is equally divided in
4
V 220
Resistance, R = = = 55 1
I 4 the four identical resitors. / [Reading of A2 = times
4
When heating is at minimum rate
Reading of A3 . / A2 = 0.25 A / A2  A3
Power, P = 330W
1 1 1 R
Voltage, V = 220 V (c) = + / Rp =
R p R1 R2 n
P 330 3
Current, I = = = = 1.5 A 1 1 1 3
V 220 2 = + Rp = 
R p 3 3 2
V 220
Resistance, R = = = 146.6
I 115 V = IR
 ELECTRICITY

3 3 More slope and less resistance

V1 = 1A   = V = 1.5V
2 2 19. (b)
Or 20. (a) The potential difference V across the ends of a given
1 1 1 metallic wire in an electric circuit is directly
= +
R p 3 3 proportional to the current flowing through it provided

3 its temperature remains the same. / V  I or V = IR

R p = 
2 (temperature remaining constant)

1 1 1 1 (b) Resistance
= + +
R p 3 3 3 Resistance is the property of a conductor to resist the

 R p2 = 1 flow of charges.

y2 − y1 V 6−0
1 1 1 1 1 R = slope = / =
= + + + x2 − x1 I 0.8 − 0
R p 3 3 3 3
60
3 = = 7.5
 R p3 =  8
4
J
3 3 13 (c) 1kWh = 1000  3600sec
R = Rp1 + Rp2 + Rp3 =  + 1 +   =  / 3.25 sec
2 4 4
1kWh = 3.6 106 J
16. (b)
21. Current becomes one fourth of its original value.
17. (b)
According to the Ohm's law — potential difference is
18. (i) Current flowing through a conductor is directly
directly proportional to the current flowing through the
proportional to the potential difference. / V  I / IV
conductor provided temperature remains constant. /

V  I (Temperature remaining constant for a given

conductor)

22. (a) (i) The property of conductor to resist the flow of

charges through it.

If Potential difference across the two ends of a

conductor is 1V and the current through it is 1A, then
resistance 'R' of the conductor is 1 .

Alternate answer

1volt
(ii) Since ammeter is connected in series, it should not 1 =
1 ampere
increase the resistance of the circuit. / should allow
maximum current to flow through the circuit. (ii) • Length of the conductor

(iii) • Series combination - Graph A • Area of cross-section of the conductor

Less slope and more resistance • Nature of the material

• Parallel combination - Graph B • Temperature

ELECTRICITY

(iii) (1) The resistance will become one half of its • In parallel combination each bulb will get the required
original value. potential difference hence the required current and will

1 1 glow with its normal brightness.

R= = 2
A r (ii) None of the bulb glows in series combination as the

 .2 circuit gets broken and current stops flowing.

R =
 ( 2r )
2
In parallel combination the other two bulbs will glow
with same brightness as the same voltage is available to
 .l 2 R
(2) R ' = . =
 ( 2r ) 4 2 them.
2

Resistance will reduce to one half.

OR

(b) (i) No

• In series combination overall resistance will increase

hence decreasing the current. Potential difference also
divides. Therefore power consumption is less by each
bulb and glows with less brightness.