Source 1 IJMS | Free Full-Text | Endocrine Disruptors in Water and Their Effects on the

Reproductive System (mdpi.com)

Gonsioroski, A.; Mourikes, V.E.; Flaws, J.A. Endocrine Disruptors in Water and Their Effects
on the Reproductive System. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 1929.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21061929

● They exposed zebrafish embryos to these compounds and compared the effects of
halobenzoquinones to those found in zebrafish embryos exposed to HAAs. They showed
that halobenzoquinones induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibited
the antioxidative response of cells in developing zebrafish, resulting in death, physical
malformations, oxidative DNA damage, and apoptosis.
● Gonsioroski et al. [50] analyzed the gene expression and sex steroid hormone levels of
mouse ovarian follicles in vitro. They showed that iodoacetic acid dysregulated the
expression of apoptotic factors, cell cycle regulators, steroidogenic factors, and estrogen
receptors, subsequently disrupting cell proliferation and steroidogenesis [50]. Narotsky et
al. assessed the combined toxicity of regulated DBPs (TTHMs, HAAs, or TTHMs and
HAAs) on the fertility indices of rats
● . For instance, in a retrospective cohort study conducted in Nova Scotia, Canada,
consisting of 49,842 women who had a singleton birth between 1988 and 1995, exposure
to chloroform and bromodichloromethane were associated with neural tube defects,
cardiovascular defects, cleft defects, as well as chromosomal abnormalities

Source 2 Frontiers | Contribution of a groundwater-influenced hinterland drainage system to the

restoration of salmonid spawning grounds at the upper river Danube (frontiersin.org)

Pander, Joachim , et al. “Contribution of a Groundwater-Influenced Hinterland Drainage

System to the Restoration of Salmonid Spawning Grounds at the Upper River Danube.”
Fronteir , NA , 13 Mar. 2023,
www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1124797/full.

● Mean egg mortality in the HDS was 33% lower than in both non-groundwater-
influenced spawning grounds, whereas mean larval mortality was highest in the
HDS (95%) compared to 74% at OHB 1 and 66% at OHB 2.
● Recruitment success of brown trout can be improved if it is feasible to increase
oxygen availability in the interstitial of highly groundwater-influenced HDSs over
the full developmental time of brown trout eggs and larvae.
● If the recommended restoration measures are realized, then HDS may not only
add important sites for recruitment of gravel-dependent species, but also act as
 critical cold water refuge habitats during warm periods, which increase in light of
climate change.
Source 3 Water Pollutants: Sources and Impact on the Environment and Human Health |
SpringerLink
Madhav, S. et al. (2020). Water Pollutants: Sources and Impact on the Environment and Human
Health. In: Pooja, D., Kumar, P., Singh, P., Patil, S. (eds) Sensors in Water Pollutants
Monitoring: Role of Material. Advanced Functional Materials and Sensors. Springer, Singapore.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0671-0_4
● Some of the studies have shown that, contamination by E. coli and coliforms were
beyond the allowable limit in the stagnant water bodies. Untreated disposal of sewage
into water body and human excreta has induced the high level of pathogens in the water
ecosystem.
● Chronic poisoning is considered by neurological and psychological symptoms, such as
tremor, change in behaviour, agitation, nervousness, sleep anarchy and sadness. Metallic
mercury is an allergen, which may cause contact eczema, and mercury from amalgam
fillings may give increase to oral lichen
● If numerous diverse varieties of living organism can survive in a water body, the class is
expected to be very good; if the water bodies sustain no fish existence at all, the quality is
apparently much inferior. Assessment like this are named as biological indicators of
water eminence
Source 4 https://www.academia.edu/download/54374601/ijsrp-p6832.pdf
Khatun, Rozina . Water Pollution: Causes, Consequences, Prevention Method and Role
of WBPHED with Special Reference from Murshidabad District. International Journal of
Scientific and Research, Aug. 2017, d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/54374601/ijsrp-
p6832-libre.pdf?1504853075=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename
%3DWater_Pollution_Causes_Consequences_Prev.pdf&Expires=1707266308&Signatur
e=EyVDATZZZMtbPpG9GvgAYZyiq0EnHkP9VO0lwxLHOWQ3zXXLHdSlo9-
kAKBCqeiRKTStPTvgQk2Mu9Z2nWLlNwAAdqX18v8C00EKwnLAqYZkeKRqGQp4
Wml9af7OQ1VdM9nvVktcNr3A07Q8cEZhU9QPZN0g~QE8U468EcVyi6-
BwpcPvSJqUf-wuClQ-
pzQDWkonhGJKPOGziTGGwaqftoJbttFT4ccCgmmJmWojjS1rJaJedkiYC871GbA6fBG
MXi0Tu~6mNVvawQvNZrjeICxBF9sq1E7jTXN-
31SeLl5tV8RucCmJE1opelOwR4QMq1JJeyGfXEOepVMnM1FOg__&Key-Pair-
Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA.

● There are three major sources of pollutants of water-Home, Agriculture, Industry. In the
study area water pollution caused mainly from home and agriculture rather than industry.
● * Effect of organic pollution on water quality-(Causes Algae in water: algae grow
according to how much waste in a water source .Bacteria feed off the algae, decreasing
the amount of oxygen in water and this incident harm organisms)
 ● The act was amended in 1988. In India CPCB (central pollution control board) play an
important role for prevention of water and control of pollution). Water Pollution
Prevention Act
Source 5
Kase, A. G. O., Tisera, W. L., Rehatta, B. M., Emola, I. J., Bessie, D. M., Supit, R. R. L.,
Merryanto, Y., Afo, A. E., Meko, A. U. I., Dawa, U. P. L., Gadi, D. S., Banoet, R. I. C., Kette,
A. U. S., & Rupidara, A. D. N. (2023). The density of marine debris in seaweed farming sites in
Kupang Bay, East Nusa Tenggara Province – Indonesia. IOP Conference Series.Earth and
Environmental Science, 1260(1), 012044. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1260/1/012044
● Marine debris is defined as any persistent solid material that is produced or processed and
directly or indirectly, intentionally or unintentionally, abandoned of or disposed in the
marine environment [1]. East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is the second-largest producer of
seaweed production in Indonesia.
● 3.1.Debris composition The results found that the waste discharged at the seaweed
farming sites in Kupang Bay and its surroundings varies and was dominated by plastic,
wood, and nylon rope. Plastic waste referred to here is PETE (Polyethylene
Terephthalate) which consists of bottles and glass packaging for mineral water, cooking
oil bottles, juice, chili bottles, medicine bottles, and single-use plastic packaging
● From the survey results in all sampling locations of seaweed farming in Kupang Bay and
its surroundings, plastic waste dominated, with a total density ranging from the smallest
13.67 amount/1000 m2 in Tablolong, to the largest 87.00 amount/1000 m2 in Sulamu
(Table 1A); while the relative density of the numbers ranged from the smallest 37.06% in
Bolok, to the largest 81.56% in Sulamu