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In Pakistan's legal system, witnesses also play a significant role during the investigation stage of a case, alongside
their role in trials. Here's a breakdown of their importance and functions:

Providing Information:

Witnesses are a valuable source of information for the investigating officer (IO), typically a police officer. They can
provide details about the events in question, including:

o What they saw or heard

o The actions of the parties involved
o Any other relevant information that may help piece together the events
First Information Report (FIR): The information provided by witnesses can be crucial in registering an FIR . An FIR
is a formal document that initiates a criminal investigation.

Statements and Recordings:

The IO may record the statements of witnesses or take them in writing. These statements can then be used as evidence
during the investigation and potentially the trial.

Identification of Suspects:

Witnesses may be asked to identify suspects involved in the case. This can be done through photo arrays, lineups, or in-
person identification procedures.

Limitations of Witness Role:

It's important to note that witnesses don't control the course of the investigation. The IO has the authority to decide
which leads to pursue and how to conduct the investigation.

Witness Cooperation: While there's no legal obligation for witnesses to come forward during an investigation,
refusal to cooperate may hinder the investigation and potentially harm the case.

Protection of Witnesses:

some cases, witnesses may be entitled to protection if their safety is at risk due to their cooperation with the investigation.

Key Points:

 Witness testimonies can significantly influence the direction of an investigation.

 Cooperation with the investigation is generally encouraged, but not mandatory.
 Legal advice can be helpful for witnesses if they have concerns about their safety or the investigation process.

Differences from Trial Role:

 The role of witnesses in an investigation differs slightly from their role in a trial. During the investigation, their
statements are typically not given under oath and may not be subject to the same level of scrutiny as in court.

Overall, witnesses play a crucial part in supporting investigations in Pakistan. Their firsthand accounts can
help investigators gather evidence, identify suspects, and build a stronger case.