UNION EXECUTIVE

The union executive consists of the president, the vice-president, and the
council of ministers with the Prime Minister as the head to aid and advice the
President.

The President
As the head of state of the republic of India, the President of India is the official
head of the executive, legislative, and the judiciary, as well as the commander-
in-chief of all three branches of the Indian Armed Forces.
The president is chosen by the citizens of India through the elected members
the state of India (Vidhan Sabha) and serves for a term of five years.
Historically, nominees of the majority party in the Lok Sabha have been reliably
elected.
The incumbent president is eligible for re- election. A method used to allocate
votes so that there is a balance between the population of each state and the
number of votes assembly members from a state can cast, and between State
Assembly members and members of the parliament of India. If no candidate
wins a majority of votes, losing candidates are eliminated from the competition
and their votes are redistributed to other candidates until one candidate
receives a majority.
According to article 53 of the Constitution of India, the President may execute
his or her duties directly or indirectly through subordinate authority. However,
with rare exceptions, the Government of India exercises all the executive
authority conferred by the president. The Prime Minister exercises the
Executive power with the assistance of the council of minister

Powers and Duties

Duties
As mentioned in a portion of his oath, the president’s most important
responsibility is the defence and preservation of India’s constitution and laws
(Article 60 of Indian constitution). Legally, he is subject to prosecution for
constitutional violation (Article 61). The President is the head of all suggestions
(Article 3, Article 111, etc.), and supervisory powers (Article 78c, Article 108,
Article 111, etc.) over the executive and legislative bodies of India shall be
consistent with the constitution. There is no prohibition against challenging the
president’s action in court.

Legislative Powers
In accordance with Articles 78, 86, etc. of the constitution, the legislative
power is delegated to the Indian Parliament which is presided by the president
to facilitate the law- making process. The president directions to both houses
of Parliament (the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha) and adjourns them. He can
disband the Lok Sabha.
According to Article 74, the president must follow the aid and advice of the
Council of Ministers, led by the Prime Minister, so long as the advice is
consistent with the constitution. Article 143 granted the president the
authority to consult the Supreme Court on the Constitutionally of any subject.
After the general elections and at the beginning of the first session of each
year, the president delivers an address to inaugurate the Parliament. The
purpose of the presidential address on these occasions is typically to announce
the new government policy.
Every bill voted by the Parliament can only be adopted and become a law with
the president’s approval. The whole Authority rests with the president, who
must either declare his approval of the bill or withhold his approval of it. As a
third alternative, President can return a bill to parliament for reconsideration if
it is either a money bill or constitutional amendment bill. When the measure is
passed after review and delivered to the President cannot withhold his
approval.
The president can also use a pocket veto by refusing to sign a law when it is
initially submitted to him, rather than sending it back to Parliament when
either of the two Houses of the Parliament of India is not in session and the
administration deems it necessary to deal with an emergent situation
immediately, the President of India can issue ordinance with the same force
and effect as laws passed by parliament.
This legislation is of interim or transitory nature, and its continuation is subject
to parliamentary approval. Ordinances are only valid for a maximum of six
weeks from the moment the parliament is converted unless they are
authorized by the legislature earlier.
In accordance with article 123, the president, the guardian of the constitution,
must be convinced that immediate action is required, as advised by the central
cabinet, and that the government has the necessary majority support in
Parliament can be convened immediately to deliberate on the passage of the
ordinance.
When in effect, the promulgated ordinance is treated as a parliamentary act,
and it is the president’s responsibility to remove the ordinance as soon as the
reasons for its promulgation are no longer valid. Bringing laws in the form of
ordinances has become common for the government and the president, but
the provision created in article 123 is intended to mitigate with unexpected
events where immediate action is necessary and the existing constitutional
measures are insufficient.
When an ordinance expires automatically or is rejected by the legislature, the
president should assume moral responsibility. President is subject to
prosecution for his unlawful actions.

Appointment Powers
The person or leader of the party\coilation that wins a majority in the Lok
Sabha is selected by the President as the prime minister. In addition, the
President appoints the remaining members of the Council of Ministers and
assigns them ministries based on the advice of the Prime Minister. The Council
of Ministers has authority at the president’s ‘pleasure’. The President is
responsible for making all the following appointments:
 Governor of States
 The Chief Justice, other judges of the Supreme Court and High courts of
India
 The Chief Minister of National capital territory of Delhi ( Article 239AA 5
of the constitution)
 The Attorney General
 The Comptroller and Auditor General
 The Chief Election Commissioner and the other Election Commissioners
 The Chairperson and the other Members of the Union Public Service
Commission
  Vice- Chancellor of central university academic staff of central university
through his nominee
 Ambassadors and High Commissioners to other countries

Financial Powers
Without the president’s approval, no appropriations measures may be
submitted in the House of Representatives of the Lok Sabha. The president is
responsible for submitting the Annual Budget and Supplementary Budget to
Parliament for approval (Article 112). Every five years, the president selects a
financial commission. With the Presidents approval, withdrawals from Indian
contingency fund are permitted. The India Contingency Fund is at the
President’s disposal the law and that he will devote his full time and attention
to the duties of his office.

Presidents’ Emoluments
As per the 2018 notification, the monthly salary of President of India is fixed at
Rs. 5,00,000. Other perks and amenities are there, such as a rent- free official
apartment in Rashtrapati Bhavan. Ex presidents receive a pension equal to 50%
of their current pay. In addition, previous presidents are eligible for furnished
housing, security and other allowance. Additionally, windows of ex- presidents
are entitled for the same benefits.

Presidential Immunity
No court can examine the actions done by the President in the performance of
his duties. During his term, no criminal procedure may be brought against him.

Vice-president
Vice president is the speaker of Lok Sabha. He is also the member of
parliament, and used to give decision to parliament in decision making and
budget is also discussed by them. His work is to create good effort and he also
discuss the problem of opposition.