SAE J 2947 REV APR2022

J2947™ APR2022
SURFACE VEHICLE
RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Issued 2022-04
Categorization and Properties of Steel Sheet

for Automotive Cold Forming Applications
RATIONALE
This specification defines the commonly used steel sheet grades within the automotive industry. Most of these grades have
evolved from the grades listed in SAE J2329, SAE J2340, and SAE J2745 through a combination of current practice and
customer demand.
FOREWORD
This SAE Recommended Practice contains grades of steels that are currently available and used in the automotive industry
that range from mild low carbon steel sheet to advanced high strength steel (AHSS) sheet. Mild steels are used for their
high formability, whereas higher strength steels are desirable for dent resistance, increased load bearing capability,
improved crash energy management, and/or part mass reduction through a decrease in sheet metal thickness.
An increase in strength generally leads to reduced ductility and formability. Care must be taken in designing automotive
parts as well as related tooling, and fabrication processes to obtain the greatest benefit from higher strength steel sheet.
Grade selection collaboration between steel supplier and user is recommended to ensure compatibility of the strength and
forming characteristics.
The combination of strength and formability in these steels is achieved through chemical composition (alloying) and special
processing. Special processing includes mechanical rolling techniques, temperature control in hot rolling, and
time/temperature control in annealing of cold-rolled steel. Additional thermal treatment may modify the original mechanical
properties.
1. SCOPE
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes and defines requirements for grades of continuously cast automotive steel
sheet that can be formed, welded, assembled, and painted in automotive manufacturing processes. These sheet steels can
be specified as hot-rolled, cold-rolled, uncoated, or coated. Steel sheet can be coated by hot dipping, electroplating, or
vapor deposition of zinc, aluminum, or organic compounds. Not all combinations of material types, strength levels, and
coating types may be commercially available. Consult your steel supplier for availability.
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2. REFERENCES
2.1 Applicable Documents
The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the
latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.
SAE Publications
Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA
and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.
SAE J1058 Standard Sheet Steel Thickness and Tolerances
SAE J1562 Selection of Zinc and Zinc-Alloy (Hot-Dipped and Electrodeposited) Coated Steel Sheet
SAE J2329 Categorization and Properties of Low-Carbon Automotive Sheet Steels
SAE J2340 Categorization and Properties of Dent Resistant, High Strength, and Ultra High Strength Automotive Sheet
Steel
SAE J2745 Categorization and Properties of Advanced High Strength Automotive Sheet Steels
ASTM Publications
Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org.
ASTM A370 Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
ASTM A1058 Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products - Metric
ASTM E8 Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
ASTM E29 Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
ASTM E517 Standard Test Method for Plastic Strain Ratio r for Sheet Metal
ASTM E646 Standard Test Method for Tensile Strain-Hardening Exponents (n-Values) of Metallic Sheet Materials
AWS Publications
Available from American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 Street, #130, Miami, FL 33166-6672, Tel: 1-800-443-9353 or
305-443-9353, www.aws.org.
AWS D8.8M Specification for Automotive and Light Truck Components Weld Quality - Arc Welding
AWS D8.9M Test Methods for Evaluating the Resistance Spot Welding Behavior of Automotive Sheet Steel Materials
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Provided by S&P Global under license with SAE
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2.2 Related Publications
The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Technical
Report.
SAE Publications
Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA
and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.
SAE J810 Classification of Common Imperfections in Sheet Steel
ASTM Publications
Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org.
ASTM A463 Standard Specification for Cold Rolled Aluminum Coated Type 1 and Type 2 Steel Sheet
ASTM A568 General Requirements for Carbon and High Strength, Low Alloy Steel Sheet
ASTM A653 Steel Sheet, Zinc Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process
ASTM A751 Standard Test Methods for Determining Chemical Composition of Steel Products
ASTM A924 General Requirements for Steel Sheet, Metallic-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process
ASTM A1008 Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-
Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, Solution Hardened, and Bake Hardenable
ASTM A1011 Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy,
High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, and Ultra-High Strength
ASTM A1079 Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Complex Phase (CP), Dual Phase (DP) and
Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP), Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated
(Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process
ISO Publications
Available from International Organization for Standardization, ISO Central Secretariat, 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56,
CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +41 22 749 01 11, www.iso.org.
ISO 6892-1 Metallic Materials - Tensile Testing - Part 1: Method of Test at Room Temperature
ISO 13887 Cold Reduced Steel Sheet of Higher Yield Strength with Improved Formability
ISO 16630 Metallic Materials - Sheet and Strip - Hole Expanding Test
JIS Publications
Available from Japanese Standards Association, Mita MT Bldg. 3-13-12 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0073, Japan; Phone:
+81-3-4231-8503, Fax: +81-3-4231-8650, www.jsa.or.jp/.
JIS Z 2241 Metallic Materials - Tensile Testing - Method of Test at Room Temperature
JIS Z 2248 Metallic Materials - Bend Test
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VDA Publications
Available from Verband der Automobilindustrie e. V. Behrenstraße 35, 10117 Berlin, Phone +49 30 897842 - 0, Fax +49 30
897842 - 600, info@vda.de, www.vda.de.
VDA 238-100 Plate Bending Test for Metallic Materials
Verlag Stahleisen GmbH
Available from Verlag Stahleisen GmBH, Sohnstrabe 65, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany, https://infostore.saiglobal.com/en-
us/standards/sep-1220-1-to-4-2011-1037143_saig_sep_sep_2420384/.
SEP 1220 Weld Quality Test Method Manual (AZ-017-02 295 1.0C RI)
3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND SYMBOLS
AHSS: Advanced high strength steels.
AS: Hot dip coated with aluminum-silicon alloy.
ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials.
AWS: American Welding Society.
BH: Bake hardening steel.
BHI: Bake hardening index.
BHIl: Bake hardening index based on lower yield strength.
BHIu: Bake hardening index based on upper yield strength.
CP: Complex phase.
CR: Cold reduced/cold rolled.
DP: Dual phase steel.
E: Exposed.
EG: Electrogalvanized zinc coating.
F: Inclusion shape control.
FB: Ferritic-bainitic steel.
GA: Hot dip coated with zinc-iron alloy (galvannealed).
GI: Hot dip zinc coating.
HAZ: Heat affected zone.
HER: Hole expansion ratio.
HR: Hot rolled.
HS: High strength.
IF: Interstitial free steel. --``,`,,``,,```,,`,`,`,,,`,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ISO: International Organization for Standardization.
JIS: Japanese Industrial Standards.
LA: Low alloy, high strength low alloyed or microalloyed steel with a defined minimum yield strength.
MPa: Mega pascal.
MS: Martensitic steel.
n-value: Strain hardening exponent.
P: Pre-phosphated.
rm: Weighted average of rxy values.
rxy: Plastic strain ratio in x-direction (in degrees) relative to the rolling direction at plastic strain/plastic strain range of y%.
SWE: Secondary work embrittlement.
T: Minimum tensile strength.
TR: Transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP).
U: Unexposed.
UC: Uncoated.
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UE: Uniform elongation.
VDA: Verband der Automobilindustrie (German Association of the Automotive Industry).
Y: Minimum yield strength.
ZM: Hot dip coated with zinc-magnesium alloy.
4. GENERAL INFORMATION
This document defines grades of steel based on material type and strength level. Tables 1 through 4 provide nomenclature
information for various steel types and coatings. Tables 5 and 6 summarize cold roll and hot roll grades, respectively. Each
material type and strength level are defined by chemical and mechanical property limits. Chemical composition, tensile
strength, yield strength, and total elongation (as measured with ISO 6892-1 Type 1 or 2 tensile pieces) must be certified for
all grades. All elements listed in the corresponding chemical composition table must be certified. Additional requirements
certified as agreed to between steel supplier and user. For information on zinc-coated products, refer to SAE J1562.
Table 1 - Nomenclature of mild steels
Rolling Type Grades Alloying Concept (Optional)

CR = Cold rolled IF
CR1 to CR5 (Table 8) and HR0 to HR3 (Table 9)
HR = Hot rolled Non-IF
Table 2 - Nomenclature of high strength steels
Rolling Type Minimum 0.2% Offset Yield Strength, MPa Steel Type
CR = Cold rolled nnnY BH = Bake-hardening/bake hardenable
HR = Hot rolled nnn = Minimum 0.2% offset yield strength IF = Interstitial free
LA = Low alloyed or microalloyed F = With inclusion shape control (optional)

Table 3 - Nomenclature of advanced high strength steels (AHSS)
Rolling Type Mechanical Properties, MPa Steel Type

CP = Complex phase
DP = Dual phase
CR = Cold rolled nnnY mmmT
MS = Martensitic
HR = Hot rolled nnn = Minimum 0.2% offset yield strength mmm = Minimum tensile strength
TR = TRIP
FB = Ferritic bainitic
Table 4 - Nomenclature of coatings
Surface Treatment
Coating Type Coating Mass Surface Quality (Optional)
EG = Electrogalvanized zinc coating
GI = Hot dip zinc coating (galvanized)
GA = Hot dip coated with zinc-iron alloy nn/mm
U = Unexposed
(galvannealed) nn = g/m2 on Side 1 P = Pre-phosphated
E = Exposed
AS = Hot dip coated with aluminum-silicon alloy mm = g/m2 on Side 2
ZM = Hot dip coated with zinc-magnesium alloy
UC = Uncoated
Table 5 - Cold roll steel grades
Available Strength Levels, MPa

(Values Are Minimum Yield Strength
Material Type Grade Designation Unless Otherwise Indicated)
Mild steels Low carbon CR grades 1 through 5
Bake hardenable BH 180, 210, 240, 270, 300
High strength interstitial free IF 160, 180, 210, 240
Solid solution strengthened/high strength low alloy LA 210, 240, 270, 300, 340, 380, 420, 460, 500, 550
Dual phase(1) DP 490, 590, 690, 780, 980 (three versions)
Transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP)(1) TR 690, 780
Complex phase(1) CP 780, 980, 1180
Martensitic(1) MS 900, 1100, 1300, 1500, 1700
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(1) For this grade classification, the strength grade is referenced by minimum tensile strength instead of minimum yield strength.
Table 6 - Hot roll steel grades
Available Strength Level(s), MPa

(Values Are Minimum Yield Strength
Material Type Grade Designation Unless Otherwise Indicated)
Mild steels Low carbon 0, 1, 2, 3
Solid solution strengthened/high strength low alloy LA 270, 300, 340, 380, 420, 500, 550, 700
Dual phase(1) DP 580
Ferrite bainite(1) FB 450, 580, 780
Complex phase(1) CP 760, 980
(1) For this grade classification, the strength grade is referenced by minimum tensile strength instead of minimum yield strength.

5. CONDITION
Several conditions of hot-rolled and cold-rolled uncoated and coated sheet steels are used by automotive stamping and
assembly operations. The conditions of sheet steel are referred to by a letter code that follows the class designation.
5.1 Cold-Rolled Uncoated and Metallic Coated Sheet Steel
Two conditions of sheet steel surface characteristics are available:
Exposed (E) is intended for exposed applications where surface appearance is of primary importance.
Unexposed (U) is intended for unexposed applications where surface appearance is not critical. Unexposed is the
default surface condition. Surface imperfections can be more prevalent and severe than with exposed product.
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5.2 Hot-Rolled Uncoated Sheet Steel
Three conditions of uncoated hot-rolled sheet steel are available.
5.2.1.1 Black is a hot-rolled coiled product, typically known as hot roll black band which has not had the hot rolled scale
removed or been cut back to established thickness and width tolerances. Products ordered as “black” may be
supplied as side trimmed, rewound or cut back to established thickness and width requirements if agreed upon
between steel supplier and user.
5.2.1.2 Descaled is a hot-rolled coiled product that has been pickled or otherwise processed (such as blast cleaned) to
remove the hot rolled scale layer. Products ordered as descaled are typically ordered with oil to prevent
subsequent oxidation (rust). These products may also be ordered as temper rolled, tension leveled, side trimmed,
and cut back to established thickness and width tolerances.
Hot rolled products (black or descaled) may be susceptible to coil breaks during subsequent processing. If coil
breaks are objectionable, products should be ordered temper passed and/or tension leveled to suppress the
formation of coil breaks.
5.3 Hot-Rolled Metallic Coated Sheet Steel
Hot rolled metallic coated sheet steel shall be supplied per the requirements of unexposed (U) in 5.1.2. Any additional
surface criteria shall be negotiated between steel supplier and user.
5.4 Post-Finishing Coatings
Additional coatings may be applied to change surface friction or promote adhesion. These include dry lubricants,
pre-phosphated coatings, organic coatings, and others. The mechanical property requirements in this specification still apply
after post-finishing coatings have been applied.
6. MECHANICAL PROPERTY REQUIREMENTS FOR STEEL GRADES
The mechanical property requirements for all steel grades are shown in Tables 8 through 20. These tables include
requirements for both ISO 6892-1 Type 1 and Type 2 test pieces. Testing shall be performed as per Section 14 in the
longitudinal direction unless otherwise specified. The specified mechanical properties for all grades are considered valid for
6 months from the time they are produced, except for bake hardenable grades which are valid for 3 months. Table 7 displays
mechanical property adjustments for selected grades.
Certain combinations of thickness, grade, and coating are known to affect property ranges. For example, electrogalvanizing
the lowest strength steels increases the yield strength resulting in a need for a higher maximum yield strength. As another
example, the rolling practices needed to produce coils thinner than 0.60 mm could reduce the elongation. The mechanical
property adjustments shown in Table 7 pertain to certain combinations of thickness, grade, and coating, and should be
applied against those specific conditions shown in Tables 8 to 20.

Table 7 - Adjustments to mechanical property requirements

based on thickness, grade designation, and coating
Yield Yield Total

Strength Strength Tensile Elongation r-Value r-Value r-Value
SAE J2947 Grade Thickness MPa MPa Strength % (r020)(1) (r9020)(1) (rm) n-Value
Designation Coating Type mm Min Max Max Min Min Min Min Min
CR3-CR5 EG All 0 +10 0 0 0 0 0 0
CR4-CR5 GI <1.00 0 0 +20 0 0 0 0 0
EG, GI, UC,
All grades <0.60 0 0 0 -2 0 0 0 0
ZM
HR LA grades GI All 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0
All grades AS, GA <0.60 0 0 0 -4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 0
All grades AS, GA 0.60-1.60 0 0 0 -2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.15 0
All grades AS, GA >1.60 0 0 0 -2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 0
EG, GI, UC,
All grades 1.50 ≤ t < 2.00 0 0 0 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.15 0
ZM
EG, GI, UC,
All grades 2.00 ≤ t < 2.50 0 0 0 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.3 0
ZM
All grades All ≥2.50 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA 0
CR440Y780T-DP EG, UC All 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.02
(1) If uniform elongation is 20% or greater, calculate n-value using data from 10% strain to 20% strain. If uniform elongation is
between 12% and 20%, calculate n-value from 10% strain to the uniform elongation strain. If uniform elongation is 12% or less,
report n-value as the uniform elongation converted to true strain units [n=ln(1+UE)]. The range over which n-value is determined
must be included in the test report.
6.1 Mild Steels
Mild steels are low strength grades with high formability and are characterized by level of formability instead of strength
level. These grades are best suited for the forming of complex parts where strength level is of lesser concern. Most grades
are produced with low carbon steel with limited alloying, although the most formable grades are typically produced with
stabilized interstitial free steel. Mechanical property requirements for cold rolled mild steels are shown in Table 8 and hot
rolled mild steels are shown in Table 9.
Table 8 - Required mechanical properties of cold rolled mild steels
Type 1 Type 2
Yield Yield Tensile Tensile Total Total
Strength Strength Strength Strength Elongation Elongation n-Value r-Value r-Value
SAE J2947 Grade MPa MPa MPa MPa % % (10-20%)(1) (r9020) (rm)
Designation Min Max Min Max Min Min Min Min Min
CR1 140 300 270 410 30 28 - - -
CR2 140 240 270 370 34 34 0.16 1.3 -
CR3 140 210 270 350 38 38 0.18 1.8 1.5
CR4 120 180 270 330 40 39 0.20 1.9 1.6
CR5 110 170 260 330 42 41 0.22 2.1 1.8
(1) Report uniform elongation in all tests. If uniform elongation is 20% or greater, calculate n-value using data from 10% strain to 20%
strain. If uniform elongation is between 12% and 20%, calculate n-value from 10% strain to the uniform elongation strain. If uniform
elongation is 12% or less, report n-value as the uniform elongation converted to true strain units [n=ln(1+UE)]. The range over
which n-value is determined must be included in the test report.
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Table 9 - Required mechanical properties of hot rolled mild steels
Tensile Type 1 Total Type 2 Total

Yield Strength Yield Strength Tensile Strength Elongation Elongation n-Value
SAE J2947 Grade MPa MPa Strength MPa % % (10-20%)(1)
Designation Min Max MPa Min Max Min Min Min
HR0 240 350 310 460 26 22 0.12
HR1 210 320 310 430 30 26 0.14
HR2 180 290 270 400 34 30 0.16
HR3 180 260 270 480 38 34 0.18
6.2 Bake Hardenable (BH) Steels
Bake hardenable steels are characterized by having required mechanical properties in the as received condition, and also
mechanical properties after the application of a strain and bake treatment. The measured increase of the yield strength
resulting from the strain and bake test is referred to as the bake hardening index (BHI). The intention of this test is to simulate
the mechanical properties of the material after it has been formed, painted, and put through a subsequent paint curing
(baking) process. To help visualize the concept of the BHI, Figure 1 shows a portion of a stress strain curve and how this
value is determined. To determine the BHI, first the flow stress is determined on a tensile bar strained 2%. Then the tensile
bar is heated and held at 170 °C for 20 minutes, allowed to cool, remeasured for thickness and width to determine the new
cross-sectional area, and then tested normally to fracture. Note that some customers have slightly different requirements in
the temperature and/or time settings. Bake hardening increases strength after paint bake.
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The bake hardening index is defined as the difference between the pre-bake stress at 2% strain and the post-bake yield
strength. The cross-sectional area of the test piece after the 2% pre-strain shall be used for calculation of engineering
stresses in the second tension test. Mechanical property requirements for bake hardenable steels are shown in Table 10.
Table 10 - Required minimum mechanical properties of bake hardenable steels
Yield
Strength
Type 1 Type 2 After
Yield Yield Tensile Tensile Total Total n-Value Strain
SAE J2947 Strength Strength Strength Strength Elongation Elongation (10- r-Value r-Value BHI and Bake
Grade MPa MPa MPa MPa % % 20%)(1) (r020) (rm) MPa(2) MPa(2)
Designation Min Max Min Max Min Min Min Min Min Min Min
CR180BH 180 240 290 370 35 34 0.17 1.1 1.3 20 240
CR210BH 210 270 320 400 34 32 0.16 1.1 1.2 20 270
CR240BH 240 300 340 440 31 29 0.15 1.0 1.1 20 300
CR270BH 270 330 360 460 29 27 0.13 - - 20 330
CR300BH 300 360 390 490 26 24 0.12 - - 20 360
(2) The lower yield point is used for determination of yield strength.

6.3 High Strength Interstitial Free (IF) Steels
High strength interstitial free (IF) steels contain strengthening additions to achieve desired strength levels but maintain a
higher formability than other steels of similar strength level due to being produced with stabilized steel. High strength IF
steels are available as coated or uncoated, but typically only as a cold rolled product. Mechanical property requirements for
high strength interstitial free steels are shown in Table 11.
Table 11 - Required mechanical properties of

high strength interstitial free steels
Type 1 Type 2
Yield Yield Tensile Tensile Total Total
Strength Strength Strength Strength Elongation Elongation n-Value r-Value r-Value
SAE J2947 Grade MPa MPa MPa MPa % % (10-20%)(1) (r020) (rm)
Designation Min Max Min Max Min Min Min Min Min
CR160IF 160 210 280 340 40 38 0.20 1.4 1.5
CR180IF 180 240 320 400 38 35 0.19 1.2 1.3
CR210IF 210 270 340 420 36 33 0.18 1.1 1.3
CR240IF 240 300 360 440 34 31 0.17 1.0 1.2
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6.4 Solid Solution Strengthened and High Strength Low Alloy (LA) Steels
These higher strength steels achieve their strength from solid solution strengthening elements, micro-alloy elements, or a
combination of both. Lower strength levels are generally achieved through the use of solid solution strengthening by alloying
with manganese, phosphorus, and/or silicon. Higher strength levels are typically achieved through additions of titanium,
niobium, or vanadium (either singularly or in combination). These sheet steels are produced as uncoated and coated
products and are generally available as either a cold rolled product with minimum yield strengths ranging from 210MPa to
500MPa or a hot rolled product with minimum yield strengths ranging from 270 to 700 MPa. See Table 12 for mechanical
property requirements for cold rolled high strength steels and Table 13 for mechanical property requirements for hot rolled
high strength steels.
Sub Type F
Sub Type F may be specified to denote sulfide inclusion shape control. These steels are specified for forming applications
and are generally used in unexposed applications. Special steel making practice is used to control the shape or the volume
fraction of manganese sulfide inclusions (stringers) to improve edge stretching or bending. It is recommended that the steel
supplier and user consult to determine the specific forming requirements prior to specifying Sub Type F. Sub Type F steels
may be specified by the “F” designator (e.g., SAE J2947, CR340LA-F).


high strength steels with cold rolled substrate
Yield Yield Tensile Tensile Type 1 Total Type 2 Total

Strength Strength Strength Strength Elongation Elongation n-Value
SAE J2947 Grade MPa MPa MPa MPa % % (10-20%)(1)
Designation Min Max Min Max Min Min Min
CR210LA 210 300 310 410 31 29 0.15
CR240LA 240 320 320 430 29 27 0.15
CR270LA 270 350 350 460 27 25 0.14
CR300LA 300 380 380 490 25 23 0.14
CR340LA 340 430 410 530 23 21 0.12
CR380LA 380 470 450 570 21 19 0.12
CR420LA 420 520 480 600 19 17 0.11
CR460LA 460 580 520 680 17 15 0.10
CR500LA 500 620 560 720 15 13 0.09
CR550LA 550 680 620 800 13 12 -

high strength steels with hot rolled substrate

SAE J2947 Strength Strength Strength Strength Elongation Elongation n-Value
Grade MPa MPa MPa MPa % % (10-20%)(1)
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HR270LA 270 350 330 450 29 27 0.15
HR300LA 300 380 380 500 26 24 0.14
HR340LA 340 440 420 540 24 22 0.13
HR380LA 380 480 450 570 22 20 0.12
HR420LA 420 520 480 600 20 18 0.11
HR500LA 500 620 560 700 16 14 -
HR550LA 550 670 610 750 14 12 -
HR700LA 700 850 750 950 12 10 -
6.5 Dual Phase (DP) Steels
Dual phase steels have a high tensile to yield ratio compared with LA steels at a comparable tensile strength level. The
tensile to yield ratio and high work hardenability make them well suited for forming operations. They are also bake
hardenable. The microstructure of these steels consists primarily of martensite in a ferrite matrix, with the volume fraction
of martensite influencing the strength level. Bainite may also be present, and increasingly so at higher strength levels.
Mechanical property requirements for dual phase steels with cold rolled substrate are shown in Table 14, and dual phase
steels with hot rolled substrate are shown in Table 15.


dual phase steels with cold rolled substrate
Type 1
Yield Yield Tensile Tensile Total Type 2 Total
Strength Strength Strength Strength Elongation Elongation n-Value n-Value
SAE J2947 Grade MPa MPa MPa MPa % % (10-20%)(1) (4-6%)
Designation Min Max Min Max Min Min Min Min(2)
CR290Y490T-DP 290 380 490 600 26 24 0.15 0.19

CR330Y590T-DP 330 430 590 700 21 20 0.14 0.18
CR550Y690T-DP 550 660 690 800 13 12 - -
CR440Y780T-DP 440 550 780 900 15 14 0.11 0.15
CR550Y980T-DP 550 700 980 1130 11 10 - -
CR590Y980T-DP 590 740 980 1130 11 10 - -
CR700Y980T-DP 700 850 980 1130 9 8 - -
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(2) For coated steels, the n-value (4 to 6%) requirement is reduced by 0.03.

dual phase steels with hot rolled substrate
Type 2
Yield Yield Tensile Tensile Type 1 Total Total
Strength Strength Strength Strength Elongation Elongation n-Value n-Value
SAE J2947 Grade MPa MPa MPa MPa % % (10-20%)(1) (4-6%)
Designation Min Max Min Max Min Min Min(2) Min(2)
HR330Y580T-DP 330 450 580 680 21 19 0.13 0.16
(2) For coated steels, both n-value requirements are reduced by 0.02.
6.6 Ferrite Bainite (FB) Steels
Ferrite bainite steels have fine grained microstructures that consist of ferrite and bainite. This microstructure results in high
strength grades with good formability. These grades are available as hot rolled steel with or without a hot dipped galvanized
coating and the mechanical property requirements are shown in Table 16.

hot rolled ferrite bainite steels

Strength Strength Strength Strength Elongation Elongation
SAE J2947 Grade MPa MPa MPa MPa % %
Designation Min Max Min Max Min Min
HR300Y450T-FB 300 400 450 550 25 24
HR440Y580T-FB 440 600 580 700 16 15
HR600Y780T-FB 600 760 780 920 13 12

6.7 Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP) Steels
Transformation-induced plasticity steels have a matrix primarily of ferrite that contains retained austenite and may also
contain bainite and martensite. During the forming process, the retained austenite transforms into martensite resulting in a
very high work hardenability, and hence good formability for its high strength level. The mechanical property requirements
for TRIP steels are shown in Table 17.

transformation-induced plasticity steels with cold rolled substrate

Strength Strength Strength Strength Elongation Elongation n-Value
SAE J2947 Grade MPa MPa MPa MPa % % (10-20%)(1)
CR400Y690T-TR 400 520 690 800 25 24 0.19
CR450Y780T-TR 450 570 780 910 22 21 0.16
6.8 Complex Phase (CP) Steels
Complex phase/multi-phase steels have a microstructure consisting of ferrite and bainite, with small amounts of other
phases such as retained austenite, pearlite, martensite, and/or tempered martensite. These grades typically have a fine
grained microstructure which is achieved through retarded recrystallization, precipitation of micro-alloy elements, and/or
thermal processing. The mechanical properties for cold rolled complex phase steels are shown in Table 18 and hot rolled
complex phase steels are shown in Table 19.

complex phase steels with cold rolled substrate

CR570Y780T-CP 570 720 780 920 11 10
CR780Y980T-CP 780 950 980 1140 7 6
CR900Y1180T-CP 900 1100 1180 1350 6 5

complex phase steels with hot rolled substrate

HR660Y760T-CP 660 820 760 960 11 10
HR780Y980T-CP 780 950 980 1180 7 6
6.9 Martensitic Steels (MS)
Martensitic steels have primarily a martensitic structure, resulting in high strength levels with limited formability. These steels
are typically used in roll forming or bending processes and have limited capability for drawing. The mechanical property
requirements for martensitic steels are shown in Table 20.
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martensitic steels with cold rolled substrate
Types 1 and 2 Min

Yield Yield Tensile Tensile Total Bend
Strength Strength Strength Strength Elongation Radius as
SAE J2947 Grade MPa MPa MPa MPa % Multiple of
Designation Min Max Min Max Min Thickness
CR700Y900T-MS 700 1000 900 1120 3 4
CR860Y1100T-MS 860 1120 1100 1320 3 4
--``,`,,``,,```,,`,`,`,,,`,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
CR1030Y1300T-MS 1030 1330 1300 1550 3 4
CR1220Y1500T-MS 1200 1520 1500 1750 3 4
CR1350Y1700T-MS 1350 1700 1700 2000 3 4
7. CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS
Steel furnished to this document shall be low carbon deoxidized steel made by basic oxygen, electric furnace, or other
processes which will produce a material which satisfies the requirements for the specific grade. This steel shall be
continuously cast. The chemical composition that is reported shall be based upon the steel producer’s ladle chemistry. The
steel supplier shall define the chemical composition range that will be furnished on a production basis while adhering to the
limits for elements specified in Tables 21 through 33. In addition to the elements listed in Tables 21 through 33, the following
elements shall be reported on the material certification if there is no requirement: Al, Si, Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu, V, Nb, Ti, N, and B.
Limits for elements may be agreed upon as needed between the steel supplier and user. The chemical composition shall
be capable of achieving the required mechanical and formability properties for the specified grade and designation. For
grades using an interstitial free (IF) base metal, an effective boron addition may be required to minimize secondary work
embrittlement (SWE) and to control grain growth during welding. The steel supplier shall not change the product/process
without complying with the user’s supplier quality assurance requirements.
Table 21 - Chemical composition requirements for

cold rolled mild steels (weight percent)
C Mn P S Si Al Ti Cu
Steel Grade % % % % % % % %
CR1 ≤0.12 ≤0.60 ≤0.055 ≤0.035 ≤0.50 ≥0.010 <0.30 ≤0.20
CR2 ≤0.10 ≤0.50 ≤0.025 ≤0.020 ≤0.50 ≥0.010 <0.30 ≤0.20
CR3 ≤0.08 ≤0.50 ≤0.025 ≤0.020 ≤0.50 ≥0.010 <0.30 ≤0.20
CR4 ≤0.06 ≤0.40 ≤0.025 ≤0.020 ≤0.50 ≥0.010 <0.30 ≤0.20
CR5 ≤0.02 ≤0.30 ≤0.020 ≤0.020 ≤0.50 ≥0.010 <0.30 ≤0.20

hot rolled mild steels (weight percent)
C Mn P S Si Al Ti Cu
Steel Grade % % % % % % % %
HR0 ≤0.13 ≤0.60 ≤0.035 ≤0.030 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.30 ≤0.20
HR1 ≤0.10 ≤0.50 ≤0.025 ≤0.030 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.30 ≤0.20
HR2 ≤0.10 ≤0.50 ≤0.025 ≤0.030 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.30 ≤0.20
HR3 ≤0.10 ≤0.50 ≤0.025 ≤0.030 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.30 ≤0.20


cold rolled bake hardenable steels (weight percent)
C Mn P S Si Al Cu
Steel Grade % % % % % % %
CR180BH ≤0.06 ≤0.70 ≤0.060 ≤0.025 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.20
CR210BH ≤0.08 ≤0.70 ≤0.085 ≤0.025 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.20
CR240BH ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤0.100 ≤0.030 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.20
CR270BH ≤0.11 ≤1.00 ≤0.110 ≤0.030 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.20
CR300BH ≤0.12 ≤1.50 ≤0.120 ≤0.030 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.20

cold rolled high strength interstitial free steels (weight percent)
C Mn P S Si Al Ti Nb Cu
Steel Grade % % % % % % % % %
CR160IF ≤0.01 ≤0.60 ≤0.060 ≤0.025 ≤0.30 ≥0.010 ≤0.12 ≤0.09 ≤0.20
CR180IF ≤0.01 ≤0.70 ≤0.060 ≤0.025 ≤0.30 ≥0.010 ≤0.12 ≤0.09 ≤0.20
CR210IF ≤0.01 ≤0.90 ≤0.080 ≤0.025 ≤0.30 ≥0.010 ≤0.12 ≤0.09 ≤0.20
CR240IF ≤0.01 ≤1.60 ≤0.10 ≤0.025 ≤0.30 ≥0.010 ≤0.12 ≤0.09 ≤0.20

cold rolled high strength low alloy steels (weight percent)
Steel Grade % % % % % % % % %
CR210LA ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.10 ≤0.20
CR240LA ≤0.10 ≤1.00 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.09 ≤0.20
CR270LA ≤0.12 ≤1.00 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.09 ≤0.20
CR300LA ≤0.12 ≤1.40 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.09 ≤0.20
CR340LA ≤0.12 ≤1.50 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.09 ≤0.20
CR380LA ≤0.12 ≤1.60 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.09 ≤0.20
CR420LA ≤0.12 ≤1.65 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.09 ≤0.20
CR460LA ≤0.13 ≤1.70 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 ≤0.60 ≥0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.10 ≤0.20
CR500LA ≤0.13 ≤1.70 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 ≤0.60 ≥0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.10 ≤0.20
CR550LA ≤0.13 ≤1.70 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 ≤0.60 ≥0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.10 ≤0.20

hot rolled high strength low alloy steels (weight percent)
Steel Grade % % % % % % % % %
HR270LA ≤0.12 ≤1.00 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.10 ≤0.20
HR300LA ≤0.12 ≤1.30 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.10 ≤0.20
HR340LA ≤0.12 ≤1.50 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.10 ≤0.20
HR380LA ≤0.12 ≤1.50 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.10 ≤0.20
HR420LA ≤0.12 ≤1.60 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.10 ≤0.20
HR500LA ≤0.12 ≤1.70 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 ≤0.50 ≥0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.10 ≤0.20
HR550LA ≤0.12 ≤1.80 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 ≤0.60 ≥0.015 ≤0.15 ≤0.10 ≤0.20
HR700LA ≤0.12 ≤2.10 ≤0.030 ≤0.025 ≤0.60 ≥0.015 ≤0.20 ≤0.10 ≤0.20
--``,`,,``,,```,,`,`,`,,,`,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---


cold rolled dual phase steels (weight percent)
C Mn P S Si Al Ti+Nb Cr+Mo B Cu
Steel Grade % % % % % % % % % %
CR290Y490T-DP ≤0.14 ≤1.80 ≤0.050 ≤0.010 ≤0.50 0.015-1.0 ≤0.15 ≤1.00 ≤0.005 ≤0.20
CR330Y590T-DP ≤0.15 ≤2.50 ≤0.050 ≤0.010 ≤0.80 0.015-1.0 ≤0.15 ≤1.40 ≤0.005 ≤0.20
CR550Y690T-DP ≤0.18 ≤2.50 ≤0.050 ≤0.010 ≤0.80 0.015-1.0 ≤0.15 ≤1.40 ≤0.005 ≤0.20
CR440Y780T-DP ≤0.18 ≤2.50 ≤0.050 ≤0.010 ≤0.80 0.015-1.0 ≤0.15 ≤1.40 ≤0.005 ≤0.20
CR550Y980T-DP ≤0.20 ≤2.90 ≤0.050 ≤0.010 ≤1.00 0.015-1.0 ≤0.15 ≤1.40 ≤0.005 ≤0.20
CR590Y980T-DP ≤0.20 ≤2.90 ≤0.050 ≤0.010 ≤1.00 0.015-1.0 ≤0.15 ≤1.40 ≤0.005 ≤0.20
CR700Y980T-DP ≤0.23 ≤2.90 ≤0.050 ≤0.010 ≤1.00 0.015-1.0 ≤0.15 ≤1.40 ≤0.005 ≤0.20
--``,`,,``,,```,,`,`,`,,,`,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
hot rolled dual phase steels (weight percent)
Steel Grade % % % % % % % % % %
HR330Y580T-DP ≤0.14 ≤2.20 ≤0.060 ≤0.010 ≤1.0 0.015-0.1 ≤0.15 ≤1.40 ≤0.005 ≤0.20

hot rolled ferrite bainite steels (weight percent)
Steel Grade % % % % % % % % % %
HR300Y450T-FB ≤0.18 ≤2.00 ≤0.050 ≤0.010 ≤0.50 0.015-2.0 ≤0.15 ≤1.00 ≤0.005 ≤0.20
HR440Y580T-FB ≤0.18 ≤2.00 ≤0.050 ≤0.010 ≤0.50 0.015-2.0 ≤0.15 ≤1.00 ≤0.010 ≤0.20
HR600Y780T-FB ≤0.18 ≤2.00 ≤0.050 ≤0.010 ≤0.50 0.015-2.0 ≤0.15 ≤1.00 ≤0.010 ≤0.20

cold rolled transformation-induced plasticity steels (weight percent)
Steel Grade % % % % % % % % % %
CR400Y690T-TR ≤0.24 ≤2.20 ≤0.050 ≤0.010 ≤2.0 0.015-2.0 ≤0.20 ≤0.60 ≤0.005 ≤0.20
CR450Y780T-TR ≤0.25 ≤2.50 ≤0.050 ≤0.010 ≤2.2 0.015-2.0 ≤0.20 ≤0.60 ≤0.005 ≤0.20

cold rolled complex phase steels (weight percent)
Steel Grade % % % % % % % % % %
CR570Y780T-CP ≤0.18 ≤2.50 ≤0.050 ≤0.010 ≤1.00 0.015-1.0 ≤0.15 ≤1.00 ≤0.005 ≤0.20
CR780Y980T-CP ≤0.23 ≤2.70 ≤0.050 ≤0.010 ≤1.00 0.015-1.0 ≤0.15 ≤1.00 ≤0.005 ≤0.20
CR900Y1180T-CP ≤0.23 ≤2.90 ≤0.050 ≤0.010 ≤1.00 0.015-1.0 ≤0.15 ≤1.00 ≤0.005 ≤0.20

hot rolled complex phase steels (weight percent)
Steel Grade % % % % % % % % % %
HR660Y760T-CP ≤0.18 ≤2.20 ≤0.050 ≤0.010 ≤1.00 0.015-1.2 ≤0.25 ≤1.00 ≤0.005 ≤0.20
HR780Y980T-CP ≤0.23 ≤2.70 ≤0.080 ≤0.010 ≤1.30 0.015-1.4 ≤0.25 ≤1.00 ≤0.005 ≤0.20


cold rolled martensitic steels (weight percent)
Steel Grade % % % % % % % % % %
CR700Y900T-MS ≤0.13 ≤1.20 ≤0.020 ≤0.025 ≤0.50 ≥0.010 ≤0.15 ≤1.00 ≤0.010 ≤0.20
CR860Y1100T-MS ≤0.13 ≤1.20 ≤0.020 ≤0.025 ≤0.50 ≥0.010 ≤0.15 ≤1.00 ≤0.010 ≤0.20
--``,`,,``,,```,,`,`,`,,,`,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
CR1030Y1300T-MS ≤0.28 ≤2.00 ≤0.020 ≤0.025 ≤1.00 ≥0.010 ≤0.15 ≤1.00 ≤0.010 ≤0.20
CR1220Y1500T-MS ≤0.28 ≤2.00 ≤0.020 ≤0.025 ≤1.00 ≥0.010 ≤0.15 ≤1.00 ≤0.010 ≤0.20
CR1350Y1700T-MS ≤0.35 ≤3.00 ≤0.020 ≤0.025 ≤1.00 ≥0.010 ≤0.15 ≤1.00 ≤0.010 ≤0.20
8. WELDABILITY
Welding procedures shall be suitable for the steel chemistry and intended service. When welding high strength steels, it is
important to consider several factors usually not considered in welding lower strength steels. Welding process, welding
parameters, and material combinations can have an impact on weld zone characteristics such as heat affected zone, weld
metal hardness, and mechanical properties. Various welding methods (arc welding, resistance welding, laser welding, and
high frequency welding) all have unique advantages in welding specific sheet steel combinations. Considerations for
production rate, heat input, weld metal dilution, weld location access, etc., may make one system more weldable than
another system. For instance, a high strength steel that is problematic for spot welding may not exhibit the same difficulty
in arc or high frequency welding.
Due to unique properties of high strength steel, it may be appropriate to consult with the steel supplier for concerns regarding
weldability. It is recommended that product validation include production intent weld processes, preferably at the extremes
of expected weld properties as determined by laboratory studies. Consultation is recommended between the steel supplier
and user regarding the selection of specific steel grades as well as weld process optimization.
For resistance spot welding, SEP 1220, Weld Quality Test Method Manual (AZ-017-02 295 1.0C RI) or ANSI Standard
D8.9M (latest revision), may be used as reference documents for further details. For arc welding, AWS Standard D8.8M
(latest revision), may be used as a reference document for further details.
9. COLD BENDING
High strength steels are frequently fabricated by cold bending. Factors that commonly affect cold bending include thickness,
strength level, degree of restraint in bending, relationship to rolling direction, chemical composition, and microstructure. For
difficult cold forming applications, it is advisable that the steel supplier and user consult to determine the special material,
design, and tooling requirements. The fabricator should be aware that steel may crack when a sheared edge is bent. There
are many ways to characterize bendability. One such test procedure can be found in VDA specification 238-100.
10. HOLE EXPANSION
Hole expansion ratio (HER) requirements will be agreed upon between the steel supplier and user. Refer to ISO 16630.
11. HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT
Hydrogen embrittlement requirements will be agreed upon between the steel supplier and user.
12. NOMENCLATURE AND SUGGESTED ORDERING PRACTICE
12.1 Ordering practice should include the specification from the engineering drawing in addition to the following
information:
a. Application (part identification and description).
b. Dimensions (thickness, width, and length for cut lengths).
c. Surface Treatment (specify oiled or not oiled as required).

d. Edges (either mill edge or cut edge must be specified for hot-rolled sheet and strip).
e. Coil size and weight requirements (must include inside diameter, outside diameter, and maximum weight).
f. Cut length weight restrictions (maximum weight of individual bundle).
g. Heat or cast analysis and mechanical property report.
h. Any additional requests or requirements.
12.2 Specifying sheet steel on the engineering drawing referencing this document should include the following information
to describe the desired material:
a. SAE Recommended Practice number; e.g., SAE J2947.
b. Substrate metal type; e.g., CR (cold rolled).
c. Grade; e.g., 590Y980T-DP.
d. Coating type being specified; e.g., GI (galvanized). Refer to SAE J1562 for detailed nomenclature.
e. Coating weight; e.g., 60G60G. Refer to SAE J1562 for detailed nomenclature.
f. Surface condition. Indicate exposed (E) or unexposed (U). Unexposed will be supplied unless otherwise specified.
12.3 Nomenclature examples and descriptions follow:
a. SAE J2947 CR330Y590T-DP-GI60G60G-U
CR = Substrate type (cold rolled)
330Y = Minimum yield strength (330 MPa)
590T = Minimum tensile strength (590 MPa)
DP = Material type (dual phase)
GI = Coating type (hot dip zinc)
60G60G = Coating weight (minimum 60 g/m2 per side)
U = Surface condition (unexposed)
b. SAE J2947 CR1220Y1500T-MS-UC-U
CR = Substrate type (cold rolled)
1220Y = Minimum yield strength (1220 MPa)
1500T = Minimum tensile strength (1500 MPa)
MS = Material type (martensitic)
UC = Uncoated
U = Surface condition (unexposed)
--``,`,,``,,```,,`,`,`,,,`,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

13. TOLERANCES
Thickness tolerances are shown in SAE J1058 or can be agreed upon between the steel supplier and user.
14. TENSILE SAMPLES AND TESTING
14.1 Tensile testing and sample preparation shall be performed per ASTM A370, ASTM A1058, ISO 6892-1, or JIS Z 2241
with the additional considerations provided in this standard. The method used shall be reported with the test results.
14.2 Calculations
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Metallic coating thickness shall be excluded from the yield and tensile property calculations.
Yield strength shall be determined at 0.2% offset, or in the presence of yield point elongation, the lower yield point.
N-value testing and calculation shall be performed per ASTM E646 (without the subtraction of the elastic strain).
Unless otherwise specified in the mechanical property requirements, the range over which n-value is to be
calculated shall be from 10% strain to 20% strain. If uniform elongation is between 12% and 20%, then n-value will
be calculated from 10% strain to uniform elongation. If uniform elongation is less than 12%, then n-value shall be
reported as the uniform elongation converted to true strain units (n=ln(1+UE)). The range over which n-value is
determined shall be included in the test report.
R-value testing and calculation (rm, r0, r90) shall be performed per ASTM E517. Unless otherwise specified in the
mechanical property requirements, the end point for r-value determination shall be 20% elongation or, if uniform
elongation is less than 20%, then uniform elongation.
14.3 Bake Hardening Index
Determination of Bake Hardening Index
Bake hardening steel strength shall be determined in specimens that have been pre-strained 2%, baked at 170 °C for
20 minutes, and then tested to failure. Standard test specimens will be taken from unstrained and unbaked material in the
longitudinal (rolling) direction. Referring to Figure 1, the bake-hardening index (BHI) of the material can be determined as
follows:
BHI = B - A (Eq. 1)
where:
A = flow stress at 2% pre-strain
B = yield strength (either upper BU or lower BL yield strength) after baking at 170 °C for 20 minutes
The cross sectional area of the test piece after the 2% pre-strain shall be used for calculation of engineering stresses in the
second tension test. The total increase in strength from the test is reported as BHI (based on upper BHIU or lower BHIL yield
strength).

Figure 1 - Representation of strain-hardening and bake-hardening index
For the purpose of part design, it may be desirable to predict yield strength at various locations on the finished part. The
yield strengths for 180BH, 210BH, 240BH, 270BH, and 300BH shown in the last column of Table 10 (“Yield Strength After
Strain and Bake”) are attained by straining 2% during forming followed by a paint cycle of 20 minutes at 170 °C.
15. NOTES
15.1 Revision Indicator
A change bar (I) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not
editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title
indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original
publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only.
PREPARED BY THE METALS TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

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SAE J 2947 REV APR2022

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J2947™ APR2022

Categorization and Properties of Steel Sheet

2.1 Applicable Documents

SAE J1058 Standard Sheet Steel Thickness and Tolerances

SAE J2329 Categorization and Properties of Low-Carbon Automotive Sheet Steels

ASTM E8 Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials

Copyright SAE International

2.2 Related Publications

SAE J810 Classification of Common Imperfections in Sheet Steel

JIS Z 2248 Metallic Materials - Bend Test

Copyright SAE International

VDA 238-100 Plate Bending Test for Metallic Materials

Verlag Stahleisen GmbH

3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND SYMBOLS

AHSS: Advanced high strength steels.

AS: Hot dip coated with aluminum-silicon alloy.

ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials.

AWS: American Welding Society.

BH: Bake hardening steel.

BHI: Bake hardening index.

BHIl: Bake hardening index based on lower yield strength.

BHIu: Bake hardening index based on upper yield strength.

CP: Complex phase.

CR: Cold reduced/cold rolled.

DP: Dual phase steel.

EG: Electrogalvanized zinc coating.

F: Inclusion shape control.

FB: Ferritic-bainitic steel.

GA: Hot dip coated with zinc-iron alloy (galvannealed).

GI: Hot dip zinc coating.

HAZ: Heat affected zone.

HER: Hole expansion ratio.

HR: Hot rolled.

HS: High strength.

IF: Interstitial free steel. --``,`,,``,,```,,`,`,`,,,`,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright SAE International

ISO: International Organization for Standardization.

JIS: Japanese Industrial Standards.

MPa: Mega pascal.

MS: Martensitic steel.

n-value: Strain hardening exponent.

rm: Weighted average of rxy values.

SWE: Secondary work embrittlement.

T: Minimum tensile strength.

TR: Transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP).

VDA: Verband der Automobilindustrie (German Association of the Automotive Industry).

Y: Minimum yield strength.

ZM: Hot dip coated with zinc-magnesium alloy.

Table 1 - Nomenclature of mild steels

Rolling Type Grades Alloying Concept (Optional)

Table 2 - Nomenclature of high strength steels

Copyright SAE International

Table 3 - Nomenclature of advanced high strength steels (AHSS)

Rolling Type Mechanical Properties, MPa Steel Type

Table 4 - Nomenclature of coatings

Table 5 - Cold roll steel grades

Available Strength Levels, MPa

Table 6 - Hot roll steel grades

Available Strength Level(s), MPa

Copyright SAE International

5.1 Cold-Rolled Uncoated and Metallic Coated Sheet Steel

Two conditions of sheet steel surface characteristics are available:

Three conditions of uncoated hot-rolled sheet steel are available.

5.3 Hot-Rolled Metallic Coated Sheet Steel