L1 S1

1.Grammar
Part of speech
>> Ahmed / Mona / Door / table / cat / pen ‫اﺳﻢ‬Noun
>> go / eat / write / open / listen / swim ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬Verb
>> tall / beautiful / cute / big / small ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬Adjective
>> Quickly / slowly / carefully ‫ظﺮف‬Adverb
>> He / she / I / we / you / they ‫ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬Pronoun
>> In / On / At‫ﺣﺮف ﺟﺮ‬Prepositions
Articles

A / An
We use them before singular (nouns) •
If the word starts with “vowel sound”, we put •
(An)

An apple
An umbrella
An elephant
An hour
If the word doesn’t start with “vowel sound”, •
we put (a)

A boy
A car
A pen

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 A uniform
We use it before “Not repeated nouns” •

The sun
The earth
The moon
The red sea
We use it also before “the known nouns’’ •

Who is the boy with the green shirt?

The phone you gave me is really good.

The
We use it before “Not repeated nouns” •

The sun
The earth
The moon
The red sea
We use it also before “the known nouns’’ •
Who is the boy with the green shirt?
The phone you gave me is really good.

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Pronouns
Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬Adjective Pronoun ‫ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬

‫أﻧﺎ‬ I ‫ أﻧﺎ‬Me ‫ ﻟﻲ‬My ‫ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ‬Mine ‫ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬Myself

‫ھﻮ‬ He ‫ھﻮ‬ Him ‫ ﻟﮫ‬His ‫ ﻣﻠﻜﮫ‬His ‫ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ‬Himself
‫ھﻲ‬ She ‫ھﻲ‬ Her ‫ ﻟﮭﺎ‬Her ‫ ﻣﻠﻜﮭﺎ‬Hers ‫ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮭﺎ‬Herself
‫ھﻲ‬/‫ھﻮ‬It ‫ھﻲ‬/‫ھﻮ‬It ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬/‫ﻟﮫ‬ Its ‫ﻣﻠﻜﮭﺎ‬/‫ ﻣﻠﻜﮫ‬Its ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮭﺎ‬/‫ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ‬Itself
‫ﻟﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬ We ‫ ﻧﺤﻦ‬Us ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ Our ‫ ﻣﻠﻜﻨﺎ‬Ours ‫ ﻣﻠﻜﻨﺎ‬Ourselves
‫أﻧﺘﻢ‬/‫أﻧﺖ‬You ‫أﻧﺘﻢ‬/‫ اﻧﺖ‬You ‫ﻟﻜﻢ‬/‫ ﻟﻚ‬Your‫ﻣﻠﻜﻜﻢ‬/‫ ﻣﻠﻜﻚ‬Yours ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻜﻢ‬/‫ﻣﻠﻜﻚ‬Yourself

‫ ھﻢ‬They ‫ ھﻢ‬Them ‫ ﻟﮭﻢ‬Their ‫ ﻣﻠﻜﮭﻢ‬Theirs ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮭﻢ‬Themselves

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Prepositions

In ‫ﻓﻲ‬
I live in Mansoura. Months
I was born in May in 2003. Years
In the morning
In the afternoon
In the evening
On ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
The pen is on the table. Days of the week
I go to club on Friday.
At ‫ﻓﻲ‬
Time
She wakes up at 9:00 am.
We are in Mansoura at the
mall.

To ‫إﻟﻲ‬
They go to school to learn. ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬
You travel to Paris.
I go to the kitchen to cook.
With ‫ﻣﻊ‬
I play with my friends. ‫ﺑـ‬
He plays with the ball.
From ‫ﻣﻦ‬

I am from Egypt.

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 I play basketball.
She eats chicken.
My friends ride bikes in the park.
They do their homework.
Ahmed has a friend.

1.Plural nouns
1) We add “s” to some words like
Tree >>> Trees
Game >>> Games
Pen >>> Pens
2) Words end with these sounds >> S / Ch / Sh /
X / z /o
we add (es)
Fox >> foxes
Church >> Churches
Potato >> potatoes
Hero >> Heroes
Tomato >> Tomatoes

3) Words end with “y” but the previous letter is

consonant

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 We add (ies)

Lady >> Ladies Boy >> Boys

Cherry >> Cherries Monkey >> Monkeys
Family >> Families

4) Words end with

F >> V + es Leaf >> Leaves ▸

Fe >> Ve + s Wife >> Wives ▸
Life >> Lives
5) Some words with Specific plural.

Foot >> Feet

Man >> Men
Mouse >> Mice
Fish >> Fish
Sheep >> Sheep
2.Verb to be
I am

He
She Is
It

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 We
You are
They

Form
Subject + v.to be + (noun/number/adjective/
pronoun/Prepositions)
I am Hamza. ▸

She is 24 years old. ▸

You are short. ▸
He is your king. ▸
I am from Egypt. ▸
Negation
We add “not “after verb to be
I am Hamza. >> I am not Hamza.
She is 24 years old. >> She is not (isn’t) 24.
You are short. >> You are not (aren’t) short.
He is your king. >> He isn’t your king.
I am from Egypt. >> I am not from Egypt.

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 Verb to have

We
You
Form
Subject + verb + object

Examples She
I have a pen. ▸

She has a mobile. ▸

You have my bag. ▸
Hamza has two cars. ▸
Those parents have four kids. ▸
Negation

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 I

We

You + don't have

They

He

She + doesn't have

It

I don’t have a pen.

She doesn’t have a mobile.
You don’t have my bag.
Hamza doesn’t have two cars.
Those parents don’t have four kids.

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 Structure of Present Simple

Subject + verb + object

I play basketball.
She eats chicken.
My friends ride bikes in the park.
They do their homework.
Ahmed has a friend.

Subject + verb to be
I am a student.
She is beautiful.
They are our teachers.
We are in the living room.
Hamza is 27.

I
We
You verb + (infinitive)
They
I play basketball.
My friends ride bikes in the park.
They do their homework.
We go to the cinema.
He

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 She verb + (s) or (es) or (ies)
It
She eats chicken.
Ahmed calls his friend.
My cat sleeps on the couch.
He does his homework.

We add (s) to all verbs except these cases:

If the verb ends with any of the below letters, (1
we add (es):
SS Sh Ch X O

Miss Wash Watch Fix Go

Misses Washes Watches Fixes Goes
2) If the verb ends with Y and it’s after a
consonant, we add (ies)
study >>>> Studies
Carry >>>> Carries

We use the present simple tense to

talk about:
Daily routine. ▸
Facts. ▸
Schedules. ▸

Demonstratives

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 This >> one near object
That >> one far object
These>> near objects
Those >> far objects

This / that + v. to.be

this is a beautiful flower
This / that + noun
this flower is beautiful

These / those + v. to.be

These are beautiful flowers
These / those + noun
Those flowers are beautiful

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