CWTS 10013

CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION CWTS MODULE 4
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

Environmental protection and

management have become one of
the foremost concerns of the
world as well as the Philippines.
This module covers Republic Acts
and other related laws
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

UNIT 1:

REPUBLIC ACTS AND

OTHER LAWS ON
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

REPUBLIC ACT. 9152

An act to promote environmental awareness through
environmental education and for other purposes. This Act
is known as the “National
Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008.”
 CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

REPUBLIC ACT. 9152

Sec. 2 Declaration of Policy -- Consistent with the policy of the State to
protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful
ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature, and in recognition
of the vital role of the youth in nation-building and the role of education to
foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote
total human liberation and development, the state shall promote national
awareness on the role of natural resources in economic growth and the
importance of environmental conservation and ecological balance towards
sustained national
development.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

REPUBLIC ACT. 9003

This is an act providing for an ecological
solid waste management program, creating the necessary
institutional mechanisms
and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and
providing penalties, appropriating
funds thereof and for other purposes.
(January 26, 2001)
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

REPUBLIC ACT. 9275

This is an act providing for an ecological
solid waste management program, creating the necessary
institutional mechanisms
and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and
providing penalties, appropriating
funds thereof and for other purposes.
(March 22, 2004)
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

REPUBLIC ACT. 9275

SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy – The State shall
pursue a policy of economic growth in a manner
consistent with the protection, preservation and revival of
the quality of our fresh, brackish
and marine waters.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

REPUBLIC ACT. 8749

“Philippines Clean Air Act of 1999”
An act providing for a comprehensive air pollution
control policy and for other purposes.
(June 23, 1999)
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

REPUBLIC ACT. 9147

An act providing for the conservation and protection of
wildlife resources and their habitats, appropriating funds
therefor and for other purposes.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

REPUBLIC ACT. 9175

An act regulating the ownership, possession, sale,
importation and use of chainsaws, penalizing violations
thereof and for other purposes
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

CHED MEMORANDUM
ORDER NO. 33 SERIES
OF 2009
mandates the integration of Environmental Education in
the Tertiary Education Curriculum particularly the Civic
Welfare Training Service component in the National
Service Training Program
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

UNIT 2:

SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
AND PROPER WASTE
DISPOSAL
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

The system
of garbage disposal can
be described simply as

TAPON
by individuals or
households
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

The system
of garbage disposal can
be described simply as

HAKOT
by government trucks
and/or private
contractors
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

The system
of garbage disposal can
be described simply as

TAMBAK
in open dumpsites
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

The system
of garbage disposal can
be described simply as

KALAT
due to improper manner
of disposal, retrieval,
inadequate collection
and over-congestion
in dumpsites
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

The system
of garbage disposal can
be described simply as

SUNOG
to burn the pile of
uncollected
garbage
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

THE PARADIGM SHIFT

CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

STEPS ON PROPER
WASTE DISPOSAL
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

1. SEGREGATING
It is the process of separating biodegradable and
non-biodegradable garbage.
 CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

1. SEGREGATING
Biodegradable is a type of waste
which can be broken down in a
reasonable amount
of time, into its base compounds by
micro-organisms and other living
things regardless of
what those compounds may be.
 CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

1. SEGREGATING
On the other hand, non-biodegradable
refers to materials that do not break
down naturally or take an inordinate
amount of time to do so. When thrown
away, these materials cannot be
dissolved by the bacteria, fungi and
living organisms in the air, moisture
climate in the soil.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

2. COMPOSTING
It is the process where biodegradable waste is placed in a
certain tank or a hole for a
certain time to let it decompose with the help of
decomposers like yeasts, worms, and moulds.
After the decomposition, the decomposed waste can now
be used as a fertilizer for plants.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

STEPS IN
COMPOSTING
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

STEPS IN
COMPOSTING
1. Chop biodegradable wastes
into finer portions. The
smaller the size of organic
wastes,
the faster the compost will be
ready for use.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

STEPS IN
COMPOSTING
2. Mix up the biodegradable wastes and
place them into the composters. Do not burn
on top of the piles or composters because the
heat will kill the biological “decomposers”,
thus, delaying the composting process
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

STEPS IN
COMPOSTING
3. Sprinkle a small amount of water.
Moisture is essential for microbial activity.
Protect the composters from accumulating
too much liquid to avoid leaching (garbage
juice).
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

STEPS IN
COMPOSTING
4. Sprinkle or layer with soil so as not to
invite flies and to control odors. Place the
soil in
between the layers of the mixture.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

STEPS IN
COMPOSTING
5. Aerate the pile. Turn it once or twice a
month to provide the necessary oxygen to
hasten the composting process.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

When the interior of the pile is no

longer hot and the material has
broken down into a dark and dry
soil, the composting is finished.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

TYPES OF
SMALL-SCALE
COMPOSTERS
 CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

TWIN PITS
Dig into (1m x 1m x 1m) one-half
meter apart. Put small twigs at the
bottom and place a hollow tube for air
inlet. Follow the rules for composting,
using the pits by turns. For an average
household, it might take a month to fill
each pit, thus allowing sufficient time
for the materials to decompose or
mature into soil conditioners
 CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

TOWER
TIRES
Make two piles of old car tires directly
on the ground and use them as
containers for composting. To aerate,
just insert anything in between the
tires. If placed directly on cemented
ground, line the bottom with soil.
 CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

BOTTOMLESS
COMPOSTERS
Old drums, cans, plastic water
containers with the bottoms off,
even an old jute or rice sack with
bottom seam ripped off and
supported by three pegs or cheap
posts.
 CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

CLAY FLOWER
POTS COMPOST
Have ten flower pots. Use
flower pots by turns. By the time the
tenth pot is full, in about a month’s
time, empty contents of the first pot and
use as soil conditioner for
plants/trees/lawn. Pots may be stacked
one on top of another but keep contents
moist.
 CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

PLASTIC BAG
COMPOSTERS
Line plastic bags with soil,
place chopped biodegradable top with
soil/leaves, moisten, then stack them on
top of one another while awaiting
collection. In few weeks’ time, these
become clean, safe, odorless compost, very
good for plants
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

COMPOST
BINSThese may be constructed
from chicken wire or any durable
“basket” material for small-scale
composting. They are designed to
adequately accommodate the
necessary materials or ingredients and
to allow access of air.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

3. RECYCLING
It is the most useful and helpful way of waste
management. Non-biodegradable waste
can be recycled by creating helpful and useful things out
of it like the plastic bottles can be
made as house decorations while used magazines can be
made into beautiful pillows.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

3. RECYCLING
Recycling can also be a source of income in the
community, can really reduce pollution, save
natural resources, and conserve energy in the households.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

UNIT 3:

PREVENTING AIR
POLLUTION
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

AIR POLLUTION
Any alteration of the physical, chemical and biological properties of
the atmospheric air, or any discharge thereto of any liquid, gaseous or
solid substances that will or is likely to create or to render the air
resources of the country harmful, detrimental, or injurious to public
health, safety or welfare or which will adversely affect their utilization
for domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, or
other legitimate purposes
(Clean Air Act of 1999).
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

THE CLEAN AIR ACT

OF 1999
Republic Act 8749, now known as the Philippine Clean Air Act of
1999, was approved
by the then President Joseph Ejercito Estrada on June 23, 1999.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

THE CLEAN AIR ACT OF

1999
The act provides for a comprehensive air pollution control policy and
for other purposes, such as the filing of an
administrative action against violators of the standards or limitations
set by the act or any order, rule, or regulation issued by the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) regarding
such standard or limitation, as well as the imposition of fines and
penalties
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

THE CLEAN AIR ACT OF

1999
The seven-chapter act contains provisions for basic air quality
policies, air quality management, air pollution clearances and permits
for stationary sources, and pollution
standards for the three sources of air pollutants
(stationary sources, motor vehicles, and other
sources).
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

THE CLEAN AIR ACT OF

1999
One important section (Sec. 24)
prohibits smoking in public places (buildings,
enclosed places, vehicles, or enclosed areas
 CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

The DENR is the primary government agency responsible for the

implementation and enforcement of this act, but it shall consult,
participate, cooperate, and enter into agreement with other
government agencies, or with affected nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs) or people’s organizations (POs), or private
enterprises.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

Local government units (LGUs) shall, likewise,

share the responsibility in the management and
maintenance of air quality within their territorial
jurisdiction.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

AIR POLLUTANTS
any substances in air that could harm humans, animals,
vegetation, or materials when they occur in sufficient
concentration.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

PRIMARY
POLLUTANTS
emitted directly from sources
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

SECONDARY
POLLUTANTS
produced in the air by an interaction between
two or more primary pollutants, with or without sunlight.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

POLLUTANTS
Based on the World Bank report, there are more than 100
identified air pollutants, and
they are categorized into particulates of various sizes, oxides
of sulfur and nitrogen, volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), and ozone (O). Noise and odor
are also considered pollutants
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

In the Philippines, the sources of air pollution are of three

kinds: (1) mobile sources consisting of transports, such as
buses, cars, and motorcycles;
(2) stationary sources comprising industries and power
plants, and (3) area sources like road dust, construction, and
burning.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

REDUCING AIR
POLLUTION
(AS SUGGESTED BY DENR)
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR VEHICLE
OWNERS/MOTORISTS
1. Maintain your vehicle engine
regularly. Change oil every 5,000
kilometers. Use the right
grade of engine oil. Have regular engine
tune-ups.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR VEHICLE
OWNERS/MOTORISTS
2. Clean the air filter regularly. It is
important to maintain the right amount of air
in the engine to ensure the complete burning
of diesel fuel. A dirty air filter can obstruct the
entry of air
into the engine.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR VEHICLE
OWNERS/MOTORISTS
3. Make sure the engine capacity is suited to
the size of the vehicle.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR VEHICLE
OWNERS/MOTORISTS
4. Observe proper driving habits. Avoid
jackrabbit starts. Always use the correct gear
position.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR VEHICLE
OWNERS/MOTORISTS
5. Travel only at speeds set by traffic
regulations and suitable to road conditions.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR VEHICLE
OWNERS/MOTORISTS
6. Avoid leaving your engine idling.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR VEHICLE
OWNERS/MOTORISTS
7. Plan your trips well and save on fuel.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR VEHICLE
OWNERS/MOTORISTS
8. Don’t overload. Overloading strains the
engine’s capacity. Remove unnecessary things
from the trunk.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR VEHICLE
OWNERS/MOTORISTS
9. Keep tires properly inflated.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR VEHICLE
OWNERS/MOTORISTS
10. Make sure the exhaust pipes are
well-maintained.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR COMMUTERS AND

OFFICE WORKERS
1. Take the bus or patronize the mass railway
transit whenever you can.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR COMMUTERS AND

OFFICE WORKERS
2. Use company vehicles wisely and make
sure they are well-maintained.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR COMMUTERS AND

OFFICE WORKERS
3. Use natural lighting during the daytime.
Make sure that lights use energy efficient.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR COMMUTERS AND

OFFICE WORKERS
4. Try talking to the jeepney, bus or tricycle
driver about the benefits of proper vehicle
maintenance as well as the high health risks of
air pollution and improper driving practices.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR HOMEOWNERS AND

HOMEMAKERS
1. Use low-watt bulbs or energy-saving
lights.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR HOMEOWNERS AND

HOMEMAKERS
2. Limit the use of air-conditioning units and
keep the temperature a few degrees higher
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR HOMEOWNERS AND

HOMEMAKERS
3. Don’t burn your garbage
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR HOMEOWNERS AND

HOMEMAKERS
4. Work with residential associations to stop
the burning of garbage in your neighborhood
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR HOMEOWNERS AND

HOMEMAKERS
5. Avoid using aerosols
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR HOMEOWNERS AND

HOMEMAKERS
6. Dispose of refrigerants, refrigeration
equipment, and used coolants properly.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR EVERYONE
1. As much as possible, walk or ride your
bicycle instead of taking motorized transport.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR EVERYONE
2. Report smoke belchers to the MMDA,
LTO, and other appropriate local government
units and organizations.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

FOR EVERYONE
3. Spread the word about the ban or smoking
in public places.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

UNIT 4:

WATER RESOURCE
AND POLLUTION
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

WATER AS A
VITAL ECOSYSTEM RESOURCE
Water is vital to the sustenance of all forms of life
on earth. There is no substitute for fresh water, and
its depletion in quantity and quality has an
all-encompassing effect not only
on society but also on the country’s economy and on
its ecology.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

WATER AS A
VITAL ECOSYSTEM RESOURCE
Without water, people die,
economic activities stop, and ecosystems are
destroyed
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

Water plays a significant role for sustainable

development, including poverty reduction.
The ever-increasing use, abuse of, and competition for
precious water resources have
intensified over the past years, resulting in water shortages,
water quality degradation, and aquatic ecosystem
destruction, all of which are now seriously affecting
prospects for social and economic development, political
stability, and ecosystem integrity.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

PROBLEMS IN WATER
RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

WATER SCARCITY
The Philippines is one of the most populous countries in Asia and
the world. While most of the population still resides in the rural
areas, urban migration has increased steadily,
and urbanization is adding pressure in providing water supplies.
Supplying water to an urban center whose population is rapidly
expanding requires the installation of more expensive and
sophisticated water facilities since water must be derived from
distant areas.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

WATER SCARCITY
There are nine water-critical urbanized areas in the Philippines
where water is
consumed intensively:
Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, Davao, Baguio City,
Angeles City, Bacolod City, Iloilo City, Cagayan de
Oro City, and Zamboanga City.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

WATER SCARCITY
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

WATER POLLUTION
About half of the world’s 500 major rivers and all rivers running
through Asian cities are badly polluted. The sources of water
pollutants are domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, agricultural
runoff, stormwater runoff, and naturally occurring sources.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

WATER POLLUTION
About half of the world’s 500 major rivers and all rivers running
through Asian cities are badly polluted. The sources of water
pollutants are domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, agricultural
runoff, stormwater runoff, and naturally occurring sources.
 CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

DOMESTIC
SEWAGE
wastewater discharged from
residential, commercial, institutional,
recreational, and industrial facilities
where wastes are generated through the
use of dining facilities, shower rooms,
and toilets.
 CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

INDUSTRIAL
WASTEWATER
discharged by industries after water
has been utilized in production
purposes. Industries like canneries,
chemical plants, food and beverage
plants, pulp and paper factories, and
textile mills discharge wastewater
laden with organic load, chemicals, and
solids.
 CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

AGRICULTURAL
RUN-OFF
wastewater from farms,
contains fecal materials, soil
particles, fertilizers, and
pesticides
 CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

STORMWATER
RUN-OFF
results from rainfall, causes
turbidity and contamination
of receiving water bodies.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

RISING GROUNDWATER
EXTRACTION
the unabated extraction of groundwater by illegal users
and the declining aquifer recharge rates have led to
saline intrusion in Metro Manila and Metro Cebu and to
pollution of groundwater from domestic sewage, factory
wastes, and agriculture chemicals.
 CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

DEGRADATION OF
WATERSHEDS
Many major basins are now in critical
condition because of over-exploitation and mismanagement, and their
degradation has resulted in accelerated soil erosion, surface runoff, siltation
of dams and reservoirs, poor water quality, flash flooding, prolonged
drought, and other ecosystem imbalances. Most of the watershed reservations
are also degraded after having been subjected to various forms of cultivation
and settlement
 CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

POOR CONDITION OF
CORAL REEFS
Avelino reports that the latest inventory of the
country’s coral reef areas of about 27,000 km2 shows that only 4.3 percent
of the reefs are in excellent condition. Almost one-third of all fish species
live on the reefs, while 55 percent of the country’s fish consumption depends
on them and on seagrass beds at various stages in their life cycles.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

MAINTENANCE OF
GOOD
WATER QUALITY
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

TO ENSURE THE AVAILABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF

FRESHWATER, THE FOLLOWING COUNTERMEASURES
HAVE TO BE INSTITUTED:
water conservation at home, in schools, at
the offices, and other places
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

TO ENSURE THE AVAILABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF

FRESHWATER, THE FOLLOWING COUNTERMEASURES
HAVE TO BE INSTITUTED:
increasing the efficiency of irrigation
systems
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

TO ENSURE THE AVAILABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF

FRESHWATER, THE FOLLOWING COUNTERMEASURES
HAVE TO BE INSTITUTED:
safeguarding all wetlands from destructive
activities
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

TO ENSURE THE AVAILABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF

FRESHWATER, THE FOLLOWING COUNTERMEASURES
HAVE TO BE INSTITUTED:
development of crop varieties that need less
water and those that are drought-resistant
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

TO ENSURE THE AVAILABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF

FRESHWATER, THE FOLLOWING COUNTERMEASURES
HAVE TO BE INSTITUTED:
large-scale reforestation of denuded
watersheds
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

TO ENSURE THE AVAILABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF

FRESHWATER, THE FOLLOWING COUNTERMEASURES
HAVE TO BE INSTITUTED:
cleaner production in industries (recycling
wastewater, good housekeeping)
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

TO ENSURE THE AVAILABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF

FRESHWATER, THE FOLLOWING COUNTERMEASURES
HAVE TO BE INSTITUTED:
provision of clean water for underdeveloped
localities through aggressive water programs and
achieving UN targets to halve by 2015 the
proportion of people unable to reach or to afford
safe drinking water
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

TO ENSURE THE AVAILABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF

FRESHWATER, THE FOLLOWING COUNTERMEASURES
HAVE TO BE INSTITUTED:
enactment of appropriate laws, such as Republic Act 9275 or the
Philippine Clean Water Act of 2003 that was signed into law on
March 22, 2004, which provides for comprehensive water
quality management, and for other purposes like the streamlining
of processes and procedures in the prevention, control, and
abatement of pollution of the country’s water resources.
 CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

WATERWAY
STEWARDSHIP
Waterway Stewardship is an application of the theory of governance to the
concrete condition of NCR waterways: consolidation of various efforts and
initiatives from the
government, private sector and the civil society toward rehabilitation and
preservation of
waterways and its environs.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

REASONS FOR
STEWARDSHIP
✔ Instill sense of individual and
collective accountability
✔ Make efficient and effective use of
resources
✔ Save the environment
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

PHASES OF WATERWAY
STEWARDSHIP
Groundworking
Community Organizing
Capacity Building
Mobilization
Waterway Convergence
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

UNIT 5:

COPING WITH
CLIMATE CHANGE
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

CLIMATE CHANGE
primarily caused by the accumulation of
greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, trapping heat of the sun commonly
known as the greenhouse effect.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

GREENHOUSE EFFECT
the warming that happens when certain gases in
Earth’s atmosphere
trap heat. These gases heat from escaping, like
the glass walls of a greenhouse that is why it
is called greenhouse effect.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

Addressing climate change

requires adaptation and
mitigation strategies.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

ADAPTATION
refers to the adjustment in natural or human
systems in response to actual or
expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which
moderates harm or exploits beneficial
opportunities
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

MITIGATION
pertains to human intervention that address
anthropogenic or human-induced emissions by
sources and
removal of all greenhouse gases, including
ozone-depleting substances such as carbon dioxide
and carbon monoxide
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

The Philippine government created

the Climate Change Commission
through Republic
Act 9729 otherwise known as the
Climate Change Act of 2009.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

CLIMATE CHANGE
COMMISSION
the sole policy-making body of the government
tasked to coordinate, monitor, and evaluate
action plans of the government related to
climate
change.
 CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

The Commission is also tasked to formulate the National

Framework Strategy on Climate Change and the National
Climate Change Action Plan. The National Framework Strategy
on Climate Change is a technical document which is the basis to
protect vulnerable
communities from the adverse effects of climate change.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

REDUCING GREENHOUSE
GASES EMISSIONS
Filipinos, as responsible citizens or stewards,
can help reduce Green House Gases (GHG)
emissions which greatly cause climate change.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

LIGHTS
Change your incandescent light
bulbs with compact
fluorescent bulbs. Turn off
lights when not in use.
Whenever possible,
bring natural sunlight into your
home.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

VEHICLES
Those who have vehicles should
have them regularly serviced for
efficient engine performance.
For short distances, you can just
walk or use the bicycle.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

REFRIGERATORS
Regularly clean your
refrigerator. Don’t set the
thermostat higher than what is
necessary.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

ENERGY
GUZZLERS
Minimize or avoid the use of home
appliances
that eat up too much energy. Some
of these are water heaters, washing
machines, dryers, dishwashers, and
industrial fans.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

USE RENEWABLE
ENERGY SOURCES
If you have the means, have
solar panels installed in your home
to provide some of your
electricity needs. Use electricity
coming from renewable sources such
as wind, geothermal or hydro, if
available in your place.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

PATRONIZE
RECYCLED
PRODUCTS
Buy recycled products
and actively help create a market for
them. Before you
buy an item, check if the product or
its packaging is
recyclable.
CWTS 10013
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE 1

REDUCE
CONSUMPTION
Buy less, use less and re-use as
much as possible.
 Books and Modules
Avelino, Larry. “Water Resources Management.” Environmental Modules for Project ECOCORPS, PATLEPAM.
Bucao, Avelina C., et.al. Modules in National Service Training Program-Civic Welfare Training Service, Copyright 2008
Jacolbia, R.B.; Perez, E.L.A.; Pada, A.G. 2020. Instructional Materials for CWTS 10013 – Civic Welfare Training Service 1. Polytechnic University of the Philippines.
Teves, Lailanie G., et. al. Modules on Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS).

Website References
“CLEAN AIR ACT - Republic Act 8749.” Grupong Sagip. 2003. 26 Apr. 2007; http://www.gbgm-umc.org/Grupongsagip/cleanair.htm
Kjellstrom, T., L. van Kerkhoff, G. Bamme "Comparative Assessment of Transport Risks –
How It Can Contribute to Heath Impact Assessment of Transport Policies," Bulletin of the
World Health Organization 81 (6) (2003). qtd. in “Philippines.” U.S. Department of Energy.
Clean Cities. 12 Jul. 2005. 26 Apr. 2007; http://www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities/philippines.html
Mogato, Manny. “Philippines Toughening Air Pollution Standards.” Planet Ark. Reuters
News Service. 23 Nov. 2005. 26 Apr. 2007; http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/33612/story.htm
“Philippines Environment Monitor 2002.” The World Bank Group. Nov. 2002. 23 Apr. 2007; http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEASTASIAPACIFIC/Resources/Philippines2002
“Philippines Toughening Air Pollution Standards.” Planet Ark. Today’s Environment News.
Reuters News Service. 26 Apr. 2007; http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEASTASIAPACIFIC/Resources/Philippines2002.pdf.
“The Key to Sustainable Water Management and Poverty Eradication.” UNDP/Energy
Environment. 24 Apr. 2007; http://www.undp.org/water/about_us.html.
The National Water Resources Board of the Philippines. “National Water Resources Board
Strategic Planning and Management of Integrated Water Resources Management in the
Philippines.” 24 Apr. 2007; http://www.unescap.org/esd/Water/publications/water/wrs/85/08%20WRS-
“Wanted: A Breath of Fresh Air.” World Bank. 26 Apr. 2007; http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPHILIPPINES/Resources/Pages1-20.pdf

Prepared by:

INSTR. JOEY T. DANTING

Faculty
DESEd-CoEd
CWTS-NSTP