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Chapter 02 - Atoms, Elements, and Minerals
Chapter 02
Atoms, Elements, and Minerals
True / False Questions
1. A mineral is defined as a crystalline solid that is naturally occurring, has a specific

chemical composition and forms through geologic processes.
TRUE
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Topic: Earth Materials
2. The innermost energy level in the standard model of an atom is full when it possesses eight
electrons.
FALSE
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

3. The atomic mass number is equal to the number of neutrons in an atom.

FALSE

4. The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in each atom.
TRUE

2-1
5. Rocks are defined as naturally-formed aggregates of minerals or mineral-like substances.

TRUE

6. The number of neutrons in an atom controls the chemical behavior of an element.

FALSE

7. Silica is a term for oxygen combined with silicon.

TRUE

8. It is clear that exposure to white asbestos causes cancer among non-smoking asbestos
workers.
FALSE

9. Both graphite and diamond are made of carbon.

TRUE

2-2
10. All of the most common rock-forming minerals in Earth's crust are silicate minerals.
TRUE

11. Clay minerals are very common in the Earth's upper mantle.
FALSE

12. Calcite (calcium carbonate) is the most common non-silicate mineral in the Earth's crust.
TRUE

13. Non-silicate minerals are more abundant in the deeper parts of Earth's crust than in the
crust as a whole.
FALSE

14. The quality and intensity of light that is reflected from the surface of a mineral is termed
luster.
TRUE

2-3
15. A mineral specimen with a Mohs hardness of 5 can scratch a mineral specimen with a
hardness of 3.
TRUE

16. Minerals that have the same chemical composition but have different crystalline structures
exhibit polymorphism
TRUE

17. Color is the least reliable physical property in mineral identification.

TRUE

18. Diamond has no cleavage.

FALSE

19. Specific gravity is the ratio of a mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of
air.
FALSE

2-4
20. The crystal form of a mineral is a set of faces that have a definite geometric relationship to
one another.
TRUE

Multiple Choice Questions
21. In order for a particular type of material to be classified as a mineral, it must .

A. be a solid
B. occur naturally
C. have a crystalline structure
D. have a definite chemical composition
E. All of the answers are correct.

22. The atomic number of an element equals the number of in each atom.
A. electrons
B. neutrons
C. protons
D. Answers neutrons and protons are both correct; answer a is not correct.
E. Answers electrons, neutrons and protons are all correct.

2-5
23. The atomic mass number of an atom is the total number of in the atom.
A. electrons
B. neutrons
C. protons
D. protons and neutrons
E. protons, neutrons, and electrons

24. of an element are atoms containing different numbers of neutrons but the same
number of protons.
A. Ions
B. Classes
C. Particles
D. Isotopes
E. Varieties

25. The atomic mass number of common oxygen is 16 because it has protons and
neutrons.
A. 7; 9
B. 8; 8
C. 9; 7
D. 5; 11
E. 10; 6

2-6
26. Carbon-14 has eight .

A. protons
B. nuclei
C. neutrons
D. isotopes
E. atoms

27. The isotope composition of in foraminifera shells from sediment cores are used to
determine climate change in Earth history.
A. oxygen
B. carbon
C. uranium
D. lead
E. helium

Topic: Climate, Weather, and Their Influences on Geology
28. The two most abundant elements in Earth's crust are .

A. iron and magnesium
B. carbon and hydrogen
C. carbon and oxygen
D. hydrogen and oxygen
E. oxygen and silicon

2-7
29. When seawater evaporates, its sodium and chlorine are electronically attracted to one
another and crystallize into .
A. quartz
B. halite
C. clay
D. calcite
E. hematite

30. The mineral reacts with weak hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide gas, i.e., it
effervesces (fizzes) in dilute acid.
A. calcite
B. feldspar
C. quartz
D. biotite
E. amphibole

31. The group and the group are sheet silicates characterized by one direction of
cleavage.
A. amphibole; pyroxene
B. feldspar; quartz
C. olivine; plagioclase
D. mica; clay
E. carbonate; sulfide

2-8
32. Two examples of framework silicates are and .

A. calcite; dolomite
B. olivine; pyroxene
C. quartz; feldspar
D. biotite; muscovite
E. amphibole; olivine

33. is the ability of a mineral to break, when struck or split, along preferred planar
directions.
A. Cleavage
B. Crystal form
C. Facets
D. Planes
E. Form

34. A silica tetrahedron is composed of four atoms of the element and one atom of .
A. silicon; aluminum
B. silicon; oxygen
C. silicon; iron
D. oxygen; silicon
E. aluminum; silicon

2-9
35. The common mineral is an example of an isolated silica tetrahedron structure.

A. amphibole
B. feldspar
C. olivine
D. pyroxene
E. mica (biotite, muscovite, etc.)

36. Five of the six minerals collectively known as asbestos contain single chains of silica
tetrahedral and belong to the .
A. amphiboles
B. feldspars
C. olivines
D. pyroxenes
E. micas

37. The group of minerals is characterized by two parallel chains of silica tetrahedra
in their structure.
A. amphibole
B. feldspar
C. olivine
D. pyroxene
E. mica (biotite, muscovite, etc.)

2-10
38. The group of minerals are sheet silicates.

A. amphibole
B. feldspar
C. olivine
D. pyroxene
E. mica

39. Non-silicate minerals include the halides like .

A. calcite
B. halite
C. magnetite
D. pyrite
E. gypsum

40. The mineral is an example of a native element.

A. quartz
B. feldspar
C. calcite
D. graphite
E. halite

2-11
41. A pulverized mineral (usually on a piece of white unglazed porcelain) gives a color called
its , that is usually more reliable than the color of the specimen itself.
A. dust
B. chroma
C. streak
D. smear
E. powder

42. The softest mineral on Mohs' hardness scale is .

A. gypsum
B. talc
C. diamond
D. quartz
E. mica

43. What is the special property of the mineral halite?

A. It has 5 directions of cleavage.
B. It has a hardness of -3.
C. It can transmit electricity.
D. It tastes like salt.
E. It has an extremely high melting temperature.

2-12
44. has the property of generating electricity when squeezed in a certain crystallographic
direction.
A. Copper
B. Mica
C. Amphibole
D. Gold
E. Quartz

45. The hardest mineral has a hardness of on Mohs' relative hardness scale.
A. 1
B. 10
C. 100
D. 1000
E. 10000

46. Calcite has direction of cleavage.

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 6

2-13
47. In some minerals the bonds are equally strong in all directions, therefore they have no
cleavage but instead along irregular surfaces that are commonly curved.
A. luminesce
B. chip
C. flatten
D. bend
E. fracture

48. The third most abundant element in the Earth's crust is ; it is more common than
iron.
A. magnesium
B. aluminum
C. calcium
D. fluorine
E. tin

49. The mineral is strongly magnetic.

A. calcite
B. pyrite
C. magnetite
D. magnesite
E. quartz

2-14
50. and sapphire are both varieties of the common mineral corundum.
A. Emerald
B. Turquoise
C. Ruby
D. Beryl
E. Peridot

51. is an expansive (swells when wet) clay mineral.

A. Quartz
B. Olivine
C. Pyroxene
D. Montmorillonite
E. Mica

52. is the most common element in the Earth's crust.

A. Oxygen
B. Iron
C. Magnesium
D. Hydrogen
E. Fluorine
2-15
53. Some minerals have the same chemical composition but different crystal structures, a
phenomenon termed .
A. alteration
B. recrystallization
C. metamorphism
D. isotopes
E. polymorphism

54. , a Danish naturalist, was the first to note that the angle between two adjacent faces
of a crystal of quartz is always exactly the same.
A. Einstein
B. Steno
C. Plummer
D. McGeary
E. Carlson

55. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a mineral to the mass of an equal volume of .
A. liquid water
B. solid water
C. quartz
D. diamond
E. air

2-16
56. Plagioclase feldspar commonly exhibits , straight, parallel lines on the flat surfaces of
one of the two cleavage directions.
A. parallelograms
B. grooves
C. lamitations
D. striations
E. laminations

57. elements make up 98% of the Earth's crust.

A. Fourteen
B. Ninety-two
C. Two
D. Twenty
E. Eight

58. are the smallest electrically neutral assemblies of matter and energy that we
know of in the universe.
A. Isotopes
B. Atoms
C. Ions
D. Electrons
E. Protons

2-17
59. The most common minerals in the Earth's crust are the .
A. silicates
B. carbonates
C. halides
D. sulfides
E. sulfates

60. On Mohs' scale of hardness your fingernail has a value of .

A. 12
B. 5
C. 2½
D. 6½
E. 9

2-18
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étaient outrés. Je demeurais impassible. J’eus néanmoins une petite
grimace, quand la kellnerin me réclama quatre marks soixante-quinze pour
une chère aussi dérisoire. J’ignore si tous les clients furent écorchés dans les
mêmes proportions, mais je constatai qu’ils n’avaient eu rien de plus à
manger que moi-même. Et j’imaginai la musique qu’on aurait menée en
France, en 1916, si l’on avait servi des dîners de ce genre aux voyageurs
conscients et organisés.
Quelques jours plus tôt, dans la Frankfùrter Zeitùng, à la rubrique des
tribunaux, j’avais lu une histoire assez stupéfiante. Il s’agissait d’un habile
commerçant qui avait inventé un ersatz extraordinaire, un produit spécial
destiné à remplacer à la fois l’huile et le vinaigre nécessaires à la salade.
Hélas! des acheteurs se plaignirent de la qualité du produit. On l’analysa, et
les experts fournirent les résultats suivants:
Eau pure = 99,7%
matières solides = 0,3 %
matières grasses = 0,00%
L’inventeur fut récompensé par deux mois de prison et le tribunal lui
infligea mille marks d’amende. La Frankfùrter Zeitùng est un journal
sérieux. Elle ne publie pas des farces à la Cami, et G. de Pawlowsky, si
fécond en «dernières nouveautés», ne figurerait pas au nombre de ses
rédacteurs. Mais que présagez-vous d’un pays où l’on peut mettre en vente
un produit comme celui-là et où les buffets de gare présentent aux civils des
repas aussi magnifiques? M’accusera-t-on de partialité, si j’insinue que ce
pays-là ne possède peut-être pas de quoi manger à sa faim? On est tellement
persuadé chez nous que les gazettes et le gouvernement nous ont gorgés de
mensonges, que l’on finit par douter de tout, sous prétexte que la famine,
annoncée peut-être avec trop d’éclat, n’a pas anéanti les Boches en six
semaines. Pourtant, si la famine souhaitée ne s’est pas produite, la faim a
fait son œuvre lente et sûre. Seulement, en France, nous avons mal posé la
question.
Longtemps, le peuple français a cru qu’il suffirait d’empêcher
l’introduction du blé chez les Allemands pour empêcher la guerre de traîner
en longueur.
—Faute de pain, disait-on, l’Allemagne sera contrainte de demander
grâce.
De là naquit cette idée d’épuiser l’ennemi en lui supprimant le blé. De là
aussi, plus tard, vint quelque désolation quand des territoires russes et
roumains, riches en céréales, tombèrent aux mains de ceux que le blocus
devait ruiner rapidement. Certes, la Russie et la Roumanie furent une
aubaine rare pour la Prusse, nul ne songe à le nier. Toutefois, il ne faut rien
exagérer, et le problème est ailleurs. A la vérité, le manque de pain n’a pas
tant fait souffrir le peuple allemand que certains journaux ont bien voulu
l’affirmer. Ceux qui avaient voyagé outre-Rhin, avant la guerre, savaient
déjà que l’Allemand n’est pas un amateur de pain. On a souvent cité ce trait
à quoi se reconnaissait un Français hors de chez lui, dans un hôtel ou sur un
paquebot: c’est qu’il consommait une prodigieuse quantité de pain. Le pain
est notre nourriture nationale. Nous gémirions d’en être privés ou de n’en
pas avoir à notre guise. Il n’en va pas de même de l’Allemand. Son aliment
essentiel, à lui, c’est la pomme de terre, la kartoffel.
Nous aussi, Français, nous aimons la pomme de terre, mais d’une autre
façon. Il nous fatiguerait d’en manger tous les jours et à tous les repas. Elle
est pour nous un légume quelconque, au même titre que le petit pois ou la
tomate. Elle va même quelquefois jusqu’à devenir un légume choisi, et
souvent rien ne nous semble supérieur au «bifteck-frites» des familles. Pour
l’Allemand au contraire, la pomme de terre est une chose substantielle que
l’on ne traite pas en fantaisie. On la mange ordinairement au naturel, en
robe de chambre: pellkartofell, pomme de terre en peau, que l’on mange
avec tout, avec le canard au jus, avec les œufs sur le plat et avec la saucisse
fumée. Sur le plus grand nombre des tables boches, elles apparaissent en
même temps que les hors-d’œuvre pour ne disparaître qu’à la fin du dessert.
Cette coutume ne date pas de la guerre. Tout au plus a-t-elle été
systématiquement préconisée par les autorités civiles et militaires afin de
parer quand même à la pénurie de pain, dont je ne dis pas que l’Allemand
fasse fi. Chez nous, on poussait le paysan à cultiver du blé, du blé, et du blé.
Là-bas, c’est la culture de la pomme de terre qui était ordonnée. Les
gazettes boches débordaient de lamentations, en 1916, parce que la gelée
avait réduit des deux tiers la récolte tant attendue des kartoffeln. On nous
rationna. Alors je compris le rôle du pain et de la pomme de terre dans la
grande guerre.
Un matin, j’ai lu dans la Frankfùrter Zeitùng, sous la signature de Kory
Towski, les vers suivants:
La pomme de terre d’empire.
Je suis la pomme de terre d’empire,
Le sauveur du peuple allemand,
Et, si l’épée allemande est victorieuse
Et si le Français ne conquiert pas le Rhin,
Je suis la pomme de terre d’empire,
J’y suis pour ma part.
Je suis le noble tubercule

Qui agit en secret.
Qu’on soit empereur ou palefrenier,
J’ai droit sur la table à une place d’honneur.
Je suis le noble tubercule
Qui garantit la force de l’Allemagne.
Et que revienne la paix

Avec ses dindes, ses saumons et ses gibiers,
Je le sais, quand vous mangerez du caviar,
Vous oublierez vite les pommes de terre en robe:
Oui, que revienne la paix,
Mon image modeste s’effacera.
Pourtant dans l’histoire du monde

Je soutiens mon rang
Et, si l’Empire ne sombre pas,
Si au contraire il se dresse triplement magnifique,
Alors l’histoire du monde me payera
A moi aussi, un jour, le tribut de sa reconnaissance.
Ces vers apportent une preuve. Les expressions qu’on y relève attestent
ce caractère d’importance de la kartoffel allemande. L’auteur l’appelle: die
Reichskartoffel, la patate d’empire, comme on dit une terre ou une loi
d’empire. Elle est nettement sacrée comme le salut de l’Allemagne à quoi
doit aller la reconnaissance nationale après la victoire, s’il y a victoire; et le
mot Heil, salut, se hausse à une nuance religieuse. Mais ce petit poème, de
style d’ailleurs très médiocre, n’est que de peu de prix auprès de cet autre,
que j’ai trouvé la même année, dans le même journal[F]. Celui-ci est signé
Emil Claar, et il est écrit en vers libres. Il est encore plus ébouriffant que le
premier. Écoutez:
A la pomme de terre.
Infatigablement jaillie du sombre flux de la terre,
Perle de la maison bourgeoise allemande,
Aprement évoquée, vivement conjurée,
Apaisante nounou d’un festin modéré,
O pomme de terre!
Pour toi, aujourd’hui, dans un amour pressant,

On discute, on combat, on crie et l’on écrit,
Des millions de langues indigentes
Te célèbrent par des cantiques sacrés,
Comme jamais fruit ne fut célébré,
Comme rarement le fut un être vivant,
Et dans la fuite des événements
Tu demeures pour la sauvegarde du peuple élu,
O pomme de terre!
Ni les figues, ni les bananes, ni les tendres olives,

Ni les merveilles du Sud qui distillent des douceurs,
Rien n’a fait résonner du bruit de sa gloire
Le monde attentif avec autant d’éclat
Que toi, ô pomme de terre!
Ni les huîtres, ni les truites, ni les truffes aromatiques,

Ni les entrecôtes des buffles succulents,
Rien n’a jamais ému,
O désir ardent des grands et des petits,
Comme tu émeus, dans la nécessité qui ronge,
Toi, réconfortante sœur du pain sec,
O chère pomme de terre!
Car tu es la constante, la loyale,

L’aide de l’estomac affamé,
Celle qui a des soins maternels, l’indispensable,
La fidèle gardienne d’un plaisir simple.
Tu te dédoubles au temps rigoureux,
Banquet sacré de la satisfaction.
A toi compagne bien-aimée, à toi, bienfaisante,
Vers qui le pauvre se penche avec confiance
Quand, trésor de la glèbe féconde,
Tu surgis des sillons comme une vraie délivrance.
Salut à toi, ô pomme de terre!
Prodigieuse source de remarques. Ne nous attardons pas sur la
boursouflure héroïco-sentimentale et les prétentions lyriques du style: elles
sont trop allemandes, et nous avons d’autres soucis. Mais notons en passant,
pour notre connaissance de la psychologie des Barbares, les regrets si
émouvants d’un «estomac affamé», ce rêve de figues, de bananes, de
tendres olives, d’huîtres, de truites, de truffes et d’entrecôtes de buffle, alors
que Kory Towski de son côté regrettait les dindes, les saumons et le caviar
du bon temps de paix. Prenons acte aussi de cet aveu d’un «temps
rigoureux» et d’une «nécessité qui ronge». La faim allemande n’est pas un
mythe. La voilà bassement proclamée en phrases cadencées. J’ai traduit ces
vers littéralement, en serrant le texte au plus près et sans outrer le sens ou la
force des mots. Rien de plus grave que le ton de ce chant qui veut avoir par
endroits des allures quasi mystiques. Qu’on ne s’y trompe pas. Moi-même,
d’abord, j’ai cru à une plaisanterie d’un poète à la Franc-Nohain ou à la
Raoul Ponchon. Il n’en est rien. Le poème d’Emil Claar est un hymne. La
fantaisie est inconnue des poètes allemands, et pendant la guerre plus que
jamais. C’est sans la moindre ironie que la pomme de terre est ici la
réconfortante sœur du pain sec, et le trésor de la glèbe féconde, et l’aide de
l’estomac affamé, et la perle de la maison bourgeoise allemande, et le
banquet sacré de la satisfaction, et la sauvegarde du peuple élu. Peut-on
nier, après ces plaintes authentiques, que l’Allemagne ait souffert de la
faim? Et vous représentez-vous, bonnes gens de France, ce que dut être la
faim de vos enfants prisonniers en Allemagne?
Avez-vous lu ce conte de Georges d’Esparbès où l’on voit des
trompettes, un jour de revue, sonner à perte d’haleine et tellement que,
jusqu’à la fin de la cérémonie héroïque, nul n’a pu remarquer qu’un des
trompettes était mort en sonnant? Ainsi de vos fils, bonnes gens de France,
dans les camps d’Allemagne. Vous ignorez encore comment ils ont souffert,
parce qu’ils sont revenus en souriant, ceux qui sont revenus. Mais quel
crime avaient-ils commis pour mériter ce châtiment?
(Écrit à Ouargla en 1919.
Revu en 1924 à Paris.)
TABLE DES MATIÈRES
I. — Prisonnier 9
II. — Des Chambrettes à Rouvrois 25
III. — De Rouvrois à Pierrepont 41
IV. — L’usine de Pierrepont 56
V. — Cobern—Coblence—Mayence 68
VI. — La quarantaine 83
VII. — Le saloir de Mayence 97
VIII. — La fenêtre fermée et la porte ouverte 109
IX. — Le camp de Mayence 121
X. — Vers un autre camp 134
XI. — Le camp de Vöhrenbach 146
XII. — Têtes de Boches 157
XIII. — Offiziergefangenenlager 169
XIV. — Le sens de l’honneur et quelques autres vertus 182
XV. — Autres têtes de Boches 194
XVI. — Le régime des représailles 204
XVII. — La vie quotidienne 220
XVIII. — Les évasions 235
XIX. — L’hôpital d’Offenburg 246
XX. — La Faim en Allemagne 260
ACHEVÉ D’IMPRIMER
EN DÉCEMBRE 1924
PAR F. PAILLART A
ABBEVILLE (SOMME).
BIBLIOTHÈQUE DU HÉRISSON
Anthologie des Écrivains Morts à la Guerre (1914-1918)
Ouvrage complet en quatre volumes de 800 p. chacun, format 15 × 21
Exemplaires ordinaires 100 fr. les 4 volumes
Exemplaires sur Madagascar (nᵒˢ 1 à xxv) 1120 fr. —
Exemplaires sur Lafuma pur fil (nᵒˢ 1 à 250) 336 fr. —
Format in-8º couronne (12 × 19)
ROMANS & CONTES
BALKIS
Personne.
En marge de la Bible.
PIERRE BILLOTEY
Le Pharmacien spirite.
Raz-Boboul.
SUZANNE DE CALLIAS
Jerry.
NONCE CASANOVA
La Libertine.
Messaline.
RENÉE DUNAN
Baâl.
RAYMOND ESCHOLIER
Le Sel de la Terre.
MAURICE D’HARTOY
L’Homme Bleu.
RENÉ-MARIE HERMANT
Kniazii.
En détresse.
La Femme aux hommes.
Fakir.
JONCQUEL ET VARLET
Les Titans du Ciel.
L’Agonie de la Terre.
MAGALI-BOISNARD
Mâadith.
L’Enfant taciturne.
GEORGES MAUREVERT
Le Grand Plagiat.
MARCEL MILLET
La Lanterne chinoise.
ALICE ORIENT
La Tunique verte.
GASTON PICARD
Les Surprises des Sens.
THIERRY SANDRE
Mienne.
Le Purgatoire.
P.-J. TOULET
Béhanzigue.
THÉO VARLET
La Bella Venere.
Le Dernier Satyre.
Le Démon dans l’âme.
VARLET ET BLANDIN
La Belle Valence.
WILLY ET MENALKAS
L’Ersatz d’Amour.
Le Naufragé.
POÉSIE
JOACHIM DU BELLAY
La Amours de Faustine.
FAGUS
La Danse Macabre.
La Guirlande à l’Épousée.
Frère Tranquille.
ANDRÉ FONTAINAS
Récifs au Soleil.
LUCIEN JACQUES
La Pâque dans la grange.
TRISTAN KLINGSOR
Humoresques.
LOYS LABÈQUE
Le Miroir mystique.
ALPHONSE MÉTÉRIÉ
Le Livre des Sœurs.
Le Cahier Noir.
MUSÉE
Héro et Léandre.
HENRY MUSTIÈRE
La Nouvelle Franciade.
JEAN ROYÈRE
Poésies.
CH. DE SAINT-CYR
Le Livre d’Iseult.
JEAN SECOND
Le Livre des Baisers.
THEO VARLET
Aux Libres Jardins.
THÉATRE
HENRY STRENTZ
Théâtre de Hans Pipp.
Nouveau Théâtre de Hans Pipp.
LITTÉRATURE
ATHÉNÉE
Le Chapitre Treize.
FAGUS
Essai sur Shakespeare.
LÉON BOCQUET
Les Destinées Mauvaises.
ART
LE FAUCONNIER
Album, préface de J. Romains.
Exemplaires sur Alfa français 7.50 Exemplaires sur Hollande 33 —

— Arches 22 — Japon 55 —
Histoire des Régiments de Gardes d’honneur (1813-1814).
Par le Docteur LOMIER (Préface d’Édouard Driault).
Un volume de 500 pages, format 15 × 21 25 fr.
NOTES:
[A] Feldgraù = gris de campagne. Les Allemands appellent ainsi leurs soldats à
cause de la couleur de leur uniforme. Et les nôtres sont maintenant des Himmelblaù
(bleu de ciel) après avoir été des Rothosen (pantalons rouges).
[B] Major = Chef de bataillon, commandant.
[C] Oberst = Colonel.
[D] Les Allemands nomment ainsi: «tenant lieu d’officier», les sous-officiers à qui
ils accordent la patte d’épaule de lieutenant pour la durée de la guerre, mais qu’ils ne
considèrent pas comme de véritables officiers.
[E] Frankfùrter Zeitùng, 27 juillet 1916.
[F] Frankfùrter Zeitùng, 28 octobre 1916.
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True / False Questions

1. A mineral is defined as a crystalline solid that is naturally occurring, has a specific

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

3. The atomic mass number is equal to the number of neutrons in an atom.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

5. Rocks are defined as naturally-formed aggregates of minerals or mineral-like substances.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

6. The number of neutrons in an atom controls the chemical behavior of an element.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

7. Silica is a term for oxygen combined with silicon.

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9. Both graphite and diamond are made of carbon.

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

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Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

17. Color is the least reliable physical property in mineral identification.

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18. Diamond has no cleavage.

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Multiple Choice Questions

21. In order for a particular type of material to be classified as a mineral, it must .

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26. Carbon-14 has eight .

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28. The two most abundant elements in Earth's crust are .

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

32. Two examples of framework silicates are and .

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Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

35. The common mineral is an example of an isolated silica tetrahedron structure.

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Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

38. The group of minerals are sheet silicates.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember