HVAC

SYSTEMS
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WHAT IS
HVAC SYSTEM?
HVAC is an acronym that stands for Heating,
Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. The term HVAC is used
to describe a complete home comfort system that can
be used to heat and cool your home, as well as provide
improved indoor air quality.

HOW DOES
HVAC WORK?
HVAC systems are designed to move air, heating or
cooling an indoor space in the process. These
systems generally have three major elements: a
heating unit, a cooling unit, and ducts to move the
air. Bright Hub Engineering explains that an HVAC
system starts with the ventilation that brings fresh
air into a building. Natural ventilation takes air from
open windows, doors, or cracks and uses pressure
differences to force the air through a building. With
today's tightly sealed homes and offices, this
requires the use of fans, blowers, filters, and ducts.
COMPONENTS OF
HVAC SYSTEM

Air Conditioner-Cools your home by removing

heat and humidity, transferring them outside.
Heat Pump-Heats and cools by using
refrigerant to transfer heat, reversing flow as
needed; powered by electricity.
Furnace-Burns fuel like natural gas or propane
to create heat, distributing it throughout your
home.
Air Handler-Circulates warm and cool air from
HVAC units to maintain desired temperatures in
every room.
Ductwork-A system of pipes that distributes air
from units like the furnace, air conditioner, and
heat pump.
Thermostat-Controls indoor temperature by
signaling the HVAC system to adjust heating or
cooling.
 HVAC TYPE
HEAT PUMPS
Heat pumps use electricity to transfer heat from a
cool space to a warm space, making the cool
space cooler and the warm space warmer. During
the heating season, heat pumps move heat from
the cool outdoors into your warm house.

Suntec Systems
A major manufacturer of heat pumps, including hot
water boilers and industrial air source heat pumps
Other companies also provide heat pump systems
like : Jaquar
A.O. Smith
Havells
Venus Home Appliances
INDOOR AND OUTDOOR COMPONENTS OF HEAT PUMPS

HEATING AND COOLING

CYCLE
 HVAC TYPE
HYBRID SPLIT AC
The hybrid split system uses both a furnace and an
electric heat pump. A heat pump is a much more
efficient energy alternative than relying on
electricity alone. It means that only during colder
days you will use the gas for heating. The hybrid
heat split system is the best choice for your home
in warmer regions.
LG
A major manufacturer in India. LG's dual inverter
technology, along with its smart features such as Wi-Fi
connectivity and voice control, have made it a leading
brand in the market. Their hybrid split ACs are well-
regarded for energy efficiency, performance, and
advanced functionalities
Other companies also provide
hybrid split AC :
Godrej
Whirlpool
Panasonic
Daikin
Haier
INDOOR AND OUTDOOR COMPONENTS OF HYBRID SPLIT AC

COST
Lloyd 1.5 Ton 5 Star Inverter Split AC: Around ₹39,890
Blue Star 1.5 Ton 3 Star Inverter Split AC: Around
₹38,690.
Voltas 1.5 Ton 5 Star Inverter Split AC: Around ₹40,990.

RECURRING COST
1. Energy Consumption:
With a 5-star energy rating, hybrid split ACs consume
around 700 to 1000 kWh annually, depending on usage.
Given an average electricity rate of ₹7 per kWh, this
results in an annual operating cost of ₹4,900 to ₹7,000.
2. Maintenance Costs:
Annual servicing costs between ₹1,000 to ₹3,000,
including filter cleaning, gas refilling, and general
check-ups.
HVAC TYPE
VRF (VARIABLE REFRIGERANT
FLOW)
VRV (variable refrigerant volume) and VRF (variable
refrigerant flow) are two different terms for the same
technology. Because VRV is a trademark of Daikin Industries,
Ltd., all other companies that copy this technology refer to it
as a VRF system.
VRV, introducing a new era of energy efficiency
VRV is a trademark of Daikin Industries, Ltd.
 WORKING OF VRF (VARIABLE REFRIGERANT FLOW)

VRF Three Pipe System

Suitable when different zones in your building need different indoor climates.
This 3 pipe system allows for simultaneous cooling and heating in different
zones. For instance, IT closets can maintain a cooler environment while
workspaces can be heated to a comfortable level. The 3 pipe system is
applicable when your heating and cooling requirements demand precision
control.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7W80HvNi8Y
 COST
Typically range from ₹1.5 lakh to ₹3
lakh per ton of capacity, depending on
the brand and specific requirements of
the installation. For a medium-sized
commercial setup, the total cost can
range from ₹15 lakh to ₹30 lakh.

RECURRRING COST
Energy Consumption:
VRF systems are highly energy-
efficient, potentially saving 20-30% on
energy costs compared to traditional
HVAC systems. Monthly electricity
costs depend on usage and building
size but are generally lower due to
efficient part-load operation.
Maintenance Costs:
Annual maintenance costs for VRF
systems are around ₹10,000 to
₹30,000, which includes periodic
servicing, filter changes, and system
checks.
https://www.daikin.co.uk/en_gb/about/daikin-innovations/variable-refrigerant-volume.html
 Split central AC
A CENTRAL SPLIT SYSTEM IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON WHOLE HOUSE HEATING AND
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED STATES. THE BASIC SETUP CONSISTS OF AN
EXTERIOR CONDENSER UNIT CONNECTED TO AN INTERIOR AIR HANDLER.

Advantages How it works

Easy to install. Split system air
split system AC has two units – indoor and outdoor. The
conditioners are very easy to install and
work without ducts, which allows for a indoor unit, having the evaporator coil, absorbs the hot
system to be installed cheaply and air and humidity inside the room. The outdoor unit,
quickly. having the condenser coil, cools the hot air and pumps it
No eyesores for outdoor units. back into the indoor unit. The two units are connected
No windows are required.
to each other with insulated ducts.
Low cost.
Easy maintenance.
Quiet to run.
Disadvantages
Higher initial cost.
Requires professional installation.
Limited to cooling (may not provide heating).
May require multiple units for larger spaces.
Outdoor unit placement can be challenging.
Regular maintenance is necessary.
Parts of Split AC
Condenser (Outdoor) ...
Evaporator Coil (Indoor) ...
Expansion Valve (Indoor) ...
Capacitor(Indoor) ...
Air Blower (Indoor) ...
Refrigerant (System) ...
Air Filter (Indoor)
Split AC Systems
Initial Costs
1 Ton Split AC
Cost: ₹25,000 to ₹40,000
Installation: ₹1,500 to ₹3,000
1.5 Ton Split AC Maintenance Costs
Cost: ₹30,000 to ₹50,000
Annual Maintenance: ₹1,000 to ₹3,000
Installation: ₹1,500 to ₹3,000
Repairs and Parts Replacement
2 Ton Split AC
Cost: ₹40,000 to ₹70,000
Occasional Repairs: ₹1,000 to ₹5,000 per year (depending on the issue)
Installation: ₹2,000 to ₹5,000
Recurring Costs
Electricity Costs
Monthly: ₹2,000 to ₹5,000 (depending on usage and electricity rates)
 Evaporative coolers
Evaporative coolers, also called swamp coolers, rely on this principle. By passing outdoor air
over water-saturated pads, the water in the pads evaporate, reducing the air temperature by
15°- to 40°F-before it is directed into the home.

Potential Savings
Energy Efficiency: Evaporative coolers generally consume less electricity than traditional air conditioning systems, leading to lower
electricity bills.Environmentally Friendly: They use natural evaporation and require less energy, making them an eco-friendly cooling
option.
Climate:
More arid regions can increase efficiency and reduce operating costs.
Usage:
Higher usage increases electricity and water costs.
Efficiency:
More efficient models have higher initial costs but lower recurring costs.
Water Quality:
Poor water quality can increase maintenance costs due to more frequent cleaning
and parts replacement.

Initial Costs
Personal/Portable Evaporative Coolers
Cost: ₹3,000 to ₹8,000
Window/Desert Evaporative Coolers
Cost: ₹8,000 to ₹20,000
Industrial Evaporative Coolers
Cost: ₹20,000 to ₹1,00,000