3

PTER
CHA

Averages

AVERAGE Solution: (c) Let the numbers be x, x + 2, x + 4, x + 6 and x + 8.

An average is a simple concept of mathematics but its uses are x + ( x + 2) + ( x + 4) + ( x + 6) + ( x + 8)
very common in day-to-day life. In CAT and CAT like apptitute Then, = 61
5
test exams at least one question is always asked, the nature of
the question asked in CAT is applied and blended with logical or 5x + 20 = 305 or x = 57.
reasoning. So, required difference = (57 + 8) – 57 = 8.
An average of a group of numbers is a number that is the best
representative of the group of numbers because it tells a lot about WEIGHTED AVERAGE
the entire numbers of the group. If we have two or more groups of numbers whose individual
In other words an average is a measure of central tendency averages are known, then combined average of all the numbers of
called arithmetic mean of a group of numbers, all the groups is known as Weighted Average. Thus if there are k
The formula for finding the average is groups having number of numbers n1, n2, n3, ..., nk with averages
A1, A2, A3, ..., Ak respectively; then weighted average,
Sum of all numbers
Average = n1 A1 + n2 A2 + n3 A3 + ... + nk Ak
Number of numbers Aw =
n1 + n2 + n3 + ... + nk
Thus if Av be the average of n numbers x1, x2, x3, ..., xn then
Illustration 3: The average score of a cricketer in two matches
x + x2 + x3 + ... + xn is 27 and in three other matches is 32. Then find the average
Av = 1 score in all the five matches.
n
Solution:
⇒ x1 + x2 + x3 + ... + xn = n . Av
2 × 27 + 3 × 32 54 + 96
Average in 5 matches = = = 30.
⇒ Sum of n numbers = (Number of numbers) × (Average) 2+3 5
Illustration 1: The average of the first nine prime numbers is: Illustration 4: The average age of students of a class is 15.8
years. The average age of boys in the class is 16.4 years and
1 2 that of the girls is 15.4 years. The ratio of the number of boys
(a) 9 (b) 11 (c) 11 (d) 11
9 9 to the number of girls in the class is
Solution: (c) Average (a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 3 (c) 3 : 4 (d) 3 : 5
2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23 Solution: (b) Let the number of boys in a class be x.
=
9 Let the number of girls in a class be y.
∴ Sum of the ages of the boys = 16.4 x
100 1
= = 11 . Sum of the ages of the girls = 15.4 y
9 9

∴ 15.8 (x + y) =16.4 x + 15.4 y
Illustration 2: The average of five consecutive odd numbers x 2
is 61. What is the difference between the highest and lowest ⇒ 0.6 x = 0.4 y ⇒ =
y 3
numbers?
∴ Required ratio = 2 : 3
(a) 2 (b) 5
(c) 8 (d) Cannot be determined

1
 l Averages

Illustration 5: The average age of 30 boys of a class is equal The above formula can be found out as follows:
to 14 yrs. When the age of the class teacher is included the If distance between A and B is d, then
average becomes 15 yrs. Find the age of the class teacher.
Total distance 2d
Solution: Total ages of 30 boys = 14 × 30 = 420 yrs. Average speed = =
Total time d d
Total ages when class teacher is included = 15 × 31 = 465 yrs. +
S1 S2
Age of class teacher = 465 – 420 = 45 yrs.
\
By direct formula, 2 2 S1 . S 2
= =
Age of new entrant 1 1 S2 + S1
+
= (No. of old members) × (Increase in average) + (New average) S1 S 2
= 30 (15 – 14) + 15 = 45 yrs. Similarly for three equal distances travelled by three different
Illustration 6: The average weight of 45 students in a class is speeds S1, S2 and S3;
52 kg. 5 of them whose average weight is 48 kg leave the class 3 S1 . S2 . S3
Average speed =
and other 5 students whose average weight is 54 kg join the S1 . S2 + S2 . S3 + S3 . S1
class. What is the new average weight (in kg) of the class? Let’s find the average speed of a car which goes from Delhi to
2 Panipat at a speed of 60 kmph and returns at a speed of 90 kmph.
(a) 52.6 (b) 52
3 2 S1 . S2 2 × 60 × 90 2 × 60 × 90
1 Average speed = = =
(c) 52 (d) None of these S1 + S2 60 + 90 150
3 = 72 kmph.

Solution: (b) Total weight of 45 students = 45 × 52 = 2340 kg Illustration 7: The average age of a family of 6 members is
Total weight of 5 students who leave 22 yrs. If the age of the youngest member be 7 yrs, then what
was the average age of the family at the birth of the youngest
= 5 × 48 = 240 kg
member?

Total weight of 5 students who join Solution: Total ages of all members = 6 × 22 = 132 yrs.
= 5 × 54 = 270 kg 7 yrs. ago, total sum of ages = 132 – (6 × 7) = 90 yrs.

Therefore, new total weight of 45 students But at that time there were 5 members in the family.
= 2340 – 240 + 270 = 2370 Average at that time = 90 ÷ 5 = 18 yrs.

\
2370 2 Illustration 8: The average of marks obtained by 120
= = 52 kg .
⇒ New average weight
45 3 candidates in a certain examination is 35. If the average marks
Remember of passed candidates is 39 and that of the failed candidates is 15,
what is the number of candidates who passed the examination?
(i) Ages and Averages
Sol. Let the number of passed candidates be x.
If the average age of a group of persons is x years today then
Then total marks = 120 × 35 = 39x + (120 – x) × 15
after n years their average age will be (x + n) years because for a
group of people, 1 year is added to each person’s age every year. or, 4200 = 39x + 1800 – 15x or 24x = 2400
Similarly, n years ago their average age would have been x = 100
\
(x – n) years, because 1 year is subtracted from each person’s age number of passed candidates = 100.
\
before every year.
Illustration 9: A cricketer has completed 10 innings and his
(ii) Average Speed if Equal Distances are Travelled by Two average is 21.5 runs. How many runs must he make in his next
Different Speeds innings so as to raise his average to 24?
If a car travels at a speed S1 from A to B and at a speed S2 from Solution: Total of 10 innings = 21.5 × 10 = 215
B to A. Then Suppose he needs a score of x in 11 th innings; then
2 S1 . S2 215 + x
Average speed = average in 11 innings = = 24
S1 + S2 11

or, x = 264 – 215 = 49.

2
 Averages l

Practice Exercise
Level - I
1. The average age of 24 students and the class teacher is 16 10. P is going to Delhi from Gurgaon by his car at a speed of
years. If the class teacher’s age is excluded, the average 40 km/h. While coming back, he returns with a speed of
reduces by one year. What is the age of the class teacher? x km/h. What should be the value of x so that his average
(a) 50 years (b) 45 years speed during the intire journey is 80 km/h?
(c) 40 years (d) Data inadequate (a) 160 km/h (b) 40 km/h
2. The average age of 36 students in a group is 14 years. When (c) 120 km/h (d) It is not possible
teacher’s age is included in it, the average increases by one. 11. The average age of Mr. and Mrs Sinha at the time of their
What is the teacher’s age in years? marriage in 1972 was 23 years. On the occasion of their
(a) 31 (b) 36 anniversary in 1976, they observed that the average age of
(c) 51 (d) cannot be determined their family had come down by 4 years compared to their
average age at the time of their marriage. This was due to
3. A school has 4 section of Chemistry in Class X having 40,
the fact that their son Vicky was born during that period.
35, 45 and 42 students. The mean marks obtained in
What was the age of Vicky in 1980?
Chemistry test are 50, 60, 55 and 45 respectively for the 4
sections. Determine the overall average of marks per student (a) 6 (b) 7
(a) 50.25 (b) 52.25 (c) 8 (d) 5
(c) 51.25 (d) 53.25 12. A library has an average of 510 visitors of Sunday and 240
on other days. The average number of visitors per day in
4. The average of six numbers is 3.95. The average of two of
a month of 30 days beginning with a Sunday is
them is 3.4, while the average of the other two is 3.85. What
is the average of the remaining two numbers? (a) 250 (b) 276
(a) 4.5 (b) 4.6 (c) 280 (d) 285
(c) 4.7 (d) 4.8 13. The mean of 30 values was 150. It was detected on
rechecking that one value 165 was wrongly copied as 135
5. The average of 5 consecutive numbers is n. If the next two
for the computation of the mean. Find the correct mean.
numbers are also included the average will
(a) 151 (b) 149
(a) remain the same (b) increase by 1
(c) 152 (d) None of these
(c) increase by 1.4 (d) increase by 2
14. The average of 10 numbers is 40.2. Later it is found that
6. The average of 11 numbers is 10.9. If the average of the
two numbers have been wrongly copied. The first is 18
first six numbers is 10.5 and that of the last six numbers is
greater than the actual number and the second number added
11.4, then the middle number is :
is 13 instead of 31. Find the correct average.
(a) 11.5 (b) 11.4
(a) 40.2 (b) 40.4
(c) 11.3 (d) 11.0 (c) 40.6 (d) 40.8
7. The average temperature for the first four days of a week is 15. In 1919, W. Rhodes, the Yorkshire cricketer, scored 891
40.2°C and that of the last four days is 41.3°C. If the average runs for his country at an average of 34.27; in 1920, he
temperature for the whole week is 40.6°C, then the scored 949 runs at an average of 28.75; in 1921, 1329 runs
temperature on the fourth day is at an average of 36.70. What was his county batting
(a) 40.8°C (b) 38.5°C average for the four years?
(c) 41.3°C (d) 41.8°C (a) 36.23 (b) 37.81
8. A person covers half his journey by train at 60 kmph, the (c) 35.88 (d) 28.72
remainder half by bus at 30 kmph and the rest by cycle at 16. The average salary of all the workers in a workshop is
10 kmph. Find his average speed during the entire journey. `8,000. The average salary of 7 technicians is `12,000 and
(a) 36 kmph (b) 24 kmph the average salary of the rest is ` 6,000. The total number
(c) 48 kmph (d) None of these of workers in the workshop is :
9. The marks obtained by Hare Rama in Mathematics, English (a) 21 (b) 20
and Biology are respectively 93 out of 100, 78 out of 150 (c) 23 (d) 22
and 177 out of 200. Find his average score in percent. 17. The average monthly salary of employees, consisting of
(a) 87.83 (b) 86.83 officers and workers, of an organisation is `3000. The
(c) 76.33 (d) 77.33 average salary of an officer is `10,000 while that of a

3
 l Averages

worker is `2000 per month. If there are total 400 (a) 26.875 years (b) 26.25 years
employees in the organisation, find the number of officers. (c) 25.375 years (d) 25 years
(a) 60 (b) 50 27. A school has only four classes that contain 10,20,30 and 40
(c) 80 (d) 40 students respectively. The pass percentage of these classes
18. Of the three numbers, the first is twice the second and the are 20%, 30%, 60% and 100% respectively. Find the pass
second is twice the third. The average of the reciprocal of % of the entire school.
7 (a) 56% (b) 76%
the numbers is . The numbers are (c) 34% (d) 66%
72
28. Find the average of f (x), g (x), h (x), d (x) at x = 10. f (x) =
(a) 16, 8, 4 (b) 20, 10, 5 x2 + 2, g (x) = 5x2 – 3, h (x) = log x2 and d (x) = (4/5)x2.
(c) 24, 12, 6 (d) 36, 18, 9 (a) 170 (b) 170.25
19. In a bag, there are 150 coins of ` 1,50 p and 25 p (c) 70.25 (d) 70
denominations. If the total value of coins is ` 150, then find 29. The average of 'n' numbers is z. If the number x is replaced
how many rupees can be constituted by 50 coins.
by the number x1, then the average becomes z1. Find the
(a) ` 16 (b) ` 20
relation between n, z, z1, x and x1.
(c) ` 28 (d) None of these
20. The average age of a group of persons going for picnic is z1 – 2 1 x1 – x 1
16 years. Twenty new persons with an average age of 15 (a) 1
= (b) 1
=
years join the group on the spot due to which their average x –x n z n
age becomes 15.5 years. The number of persons initially
going for picnic is z – z1 1 x – x1 1
(c) = (d) =
(a) 5 (b) 10 x – x1 n z – z1 n
(c) 20 (d) 30 30. A man's average expenditure for the first 4 months of the
21. The average weight of 47 balls is 4 gm. If the weight of
year was ` 251.25. For the next 5 months the average
the bag (in which the balls are kept) be included, the
monthly expenditure was ` 26.27 more than what it was
calculated average weight per ball increases by 0.3 gm.
during the first 4 months. If the person spent ` 760 in all
What is the weight of the bag?
during the remaining 3 months of the year, find what
(a) 14.8 gm (b) 15.0 gm
percentage of his annual income of ` 3000 he saved in the
(c) 18.6 gm (d) None of these
year.
22. On an average 300 people watch the movie in Sahu cinema
(a) 14% (b) –5.0866%
hall on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday and the average
number of visitors on Thursday and Friday is 250. If the (c) 12.5% (d) None of these
average number of visitors per day in the week be 400, then 31. A curious student of Statistics calculated the average height
the average number of people who watch the movie in of all the students of his class as A. He also calculated the
weekends (i.e., on Saturday and Sunday) is average of the average heights of all the possible pairs of
(a) 500 (b) 600 students (two students taken at a time) as B. Further, he
(c) 700 (d) None of these calculated the average of the average heights of all the
23. A train travels with a speed of 20 m/s in the first 10 minutes, possible triplets of students (three students taken at a time)
goes 8.5 km in the next 10 minutes, 11 km in the next 10,8.5 as C. Which of the following is true of the relationship
km in the next 10 and 6 km in the next 10 minutes. What is among A, B and C?
the average speed of the train in kilometer per hour for the (a) A + 2 B = C (b) A + B = 2C
journey described? (c) A = B = 3C (d) None of these
(a) 42 kmph (b) 35.8 kmph 32. We write down all the digits from 1-9 side by side. Now we
(c) 55.2 kmph (d) 46 kmph put '+' between as many digits as we wish to, so that the
24. Find the average increase rate if increase in the population sum of numbers become 666. It is explained below
in the first year is 30% and that in the second year is 40%. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 = 666
(a) 41 (b) 56 Now suppose we put plus signs at following places.
(c) 40 (d) 38 12 + 345 + 67 + 89 = 513
25. Find the average weight of four containers, if it is known Since there are four numbers, so the average can be
that the weight of the first container is 100 kg and the total calculated by dividing the sum by 4. What is the average if
of the second, third and fourth containers' weight is defined the sum is 666?
by f (x) = x2 – 3/4 (x2) where x = 100 (a) 166.5 (b) 111
(a) 650 kg (b) 900 kg (b) 133.2 (d) Cannot be determined
(c) 750 kg (d) 450 kg 33. What will be the average of the followings set of scores ?
26. The average age of a group of 14 persons is 27 years and 59, 84, 44, 98, 30, 40, 58 [SBI Clerk-June-2012]
9 months. Two persons, each 42 years old, left the group. (a) 62 (b) 66
What will be the average age of the remaining persons in (c) 75 (d) 52
the group? (e) 59

4
 Averages l

34. Average of five numbers is 61. If the average of first and (a) 13 (b) 41
third number is 69 and the average of second and fourth (c) 49 (d) 87
number is 69, what is the fifth number ? [SBI Clerk-2012] 44. The average of four consecutive even numbers is 9. Find
(a) 31 (b) 29 the largest number. [SSC 10+2-2012]
(c) 25 (d) 35 (a) 12 (b) 6
(e) None of these (c) 8 (d) 10
35. Average weight of 19 men is 74 kgs, and the average weight 45. The average weight of 12 crewmen in a boat is increased
of 38 women is 63 kgs. What is the average weight (rounded 1
off to the nearest integer) of all the men and the women by kg, when one of the crewmen whose weight is 55 kg
3
together ? [SBI Clerk-2012]
(a) 59 kgs. (b) 65 kgs. is replaced by a new man. What is the weight of that new
(c) 69 kgs. (d) 67 kgs. men (in kg) ? [SSC 10+2-2012]
(e) 71 kgs. (a) 58 (b) 60
36. The average age of 60 boys in a class was calculated as 12 (c) 57 (d) 59
46. The average of 30 numbers is 40 and that of other 40
years. It was later realised that the actual age of one of the
numbers is 30. The average of all the numbers is
boys in the class was 12.5 years but it was calculated as 14
[SSC 10+2-2013]
years. What is the actual average age of the boys in the class ?
[SBI Clerk-2014] 2
(a) 34.5 (b) 34
(a) 11 years (b) 11.275 years 7
(c) 11.50 years (d) 11.975 years (c) 35 (d) 34
(e) None of these 47. The average salary of all the workers in a workshop is
37. The average of three numbers 70, *7 and 5* is 57. If * ` 8,000. The average salary of 7 technicians is ` 12,000
represents the same digit, then it must be and the average salary of the rest is ` 6,000. The total number
[SSC-Sub. Ins.-2012] of workers in the workshop is [SSC 10+2-2014]
(a) 3 (b) 6 (a) 20 (b) 21
(c) 4 (d) 7 (c) 22 (d) 23
38. Three years ago, the average age of a family of 8 members 48. 3 years ago the average age of a family of 5 members was
was 30 years. If one child is also included in the family, the 17 years. A baby having been born, the average age of the
present average age of the family remained the same. Then family is the same today. The present age of the baby is
the present age of the child is [SSC-Sub. Ins.-2012] [SSC 10+2-2014]
(a) 3 years (b) 4 years (a) 1 year (b) 1½ years
(c) 6 years (d) 1 year (c) 2 years (d) 3 years
39. The batting average for 30 inings of a cricket player is 40 49. Find the average of the following set of scores :
runs. His highest score exceeds his lowest score by 100 432, 623, 209, 378, 908, 168 [IBPS Clerk-2012]
runs. If these two innings are not included, the average of (a) 456 (b) 455
the remaining 28 innings is 38 runs. The lowest score of (c) 453 (d) 458
the player is: [SSC-Sub. Ins.-2013] (e) None of these
(a) 15 (b) 18 50. The average of five numbers is 34.4. The average of the
(c) 20 (d) 12 first and the second number is 46.5. The average of the fourth
40. A boy found that the average of 20 numbers is 35 when he and the fifth number is 18. What is the third number ?
writes a number '61' instead of '16'. The correct average of [IBPS Clerk-2012]
20 numbers is [SSC-Sub. Ins.-2014] (a) 45 (b) 46
(a) 32.75 (b) 37.25 (c) 42 (d) 49
(c) 34.75 (d) 34.25 (e) None of these
41. Out of 20 boys, 6 are each of 1 m 15 cm height, 8 are of 1 m 51. What will be the average of the following set of scores ?
78, 69, 54, 21, 94, 48, 77 [IBPS Clerk-2012]
10 cm and rest of 1 m 12 cm. The average height of all of
(a) 63 (b) 66
them is [SSC-MT-2013]
(c) 67 (d) 64
(a) 1 m 12 cm (b) 1 m 12.1 cm
(e) None of these
(c) 1 m 21.1 cm (d) 1 m 21 cm 52. The average score of a cricketer for 13 matches is 42 runs.
42. Average of first five prime numbers is [SSC-MT-2013] If his average score for the first 5 matches is 54, then what
(a) 3.6 (b) 5.3 is his average score (in runs) for last 8 matches?
(c) 5.6 (d) 5 [IBPS Clerk-2013]
43. A batsman in his 12th innings makes a score of 63 runs and (a) 37 (b) 39
there by increases his average scores by 2. What is his (c) 34.5 (d) 33.5
average after the 12th innings? [SSC 10+2-2012] (e) 37.5

5
 l Averages

Level- II
1. The average weight of 3 men A, B and C is 84 kg. Another 8. Mr. Anant Roy, the renowned author, recently got his new
man D joins the group and the average now becomes 80 kg. novel released. To his utter dismay he found that for the
If another man E, whose weight is 3 kg more than that D, 1,007 pages on an average there were 2 mistakes every page.
replaces A then the average weight of B, C, D and E becomes While, in the fist 612 pages there were only 434 mistakes,
75 kg. The weight of A is they seemed to increase for the latter pages. Find the average
(a) 70 kg (b) 72 kg number of mistakes per page for the remaining pages.
(c) 79 kg (d) 78 kg (a) 6 (b) 4
2. In Arun's opinion, his weight is greater than 65 kg but less (c) 2 (d) None of these
than 72 kg. His brother does not agree with Arun and he
9. In hotel Trident, the rooms are numbered from 101 to 130
thinks that Arun's weight is greater than 60 kg but less than
on the first floor, 221 to 260 on the second floor and 306
70 kg. His mother's view is that his weight cannot be
greater than 68 kg. If all of them are correct in their to 345 on the third floor. In the month of June 2012, the
estimation, what is the average of different probable room occupancy was 60% on the first floor, 40% on the
weights of Arun? second floor and 75% on the third floor. If it is also known
(a) 67 kg (b) 68 kg that the room charges are ` 200, ` 100 and ` 150 on each
(c) 69 kg (d) None of these of the floors, then find the average income per room for
3. There are five boxes in a cargo hold. The weight of the the month of June 2012.
first box is 200 kg and the weight of the second box is 20% (a) ` 151.5 (b) ` 88.18
higher than the weight of the third box, whose weight is (c) ` 78.3 (d) ` 65.7
25% higher than the first box's weight. The fourth box at 10. The average age of a couple is 25 years. The average age of
350 kg is 30% lighter than the fifth box. Find the difference the family just after the birth of the first child was 18 years.
in the average weight of the four heaviest boxes and the The average age of the family just after the second child
four lightest boxes. was born was 15 years. The average age of the family after
(a) 51.5 kg (b) 75 kg the third and the fourth children (who are twins) were born
(c) 37.5 kg (d) 112.5 kg
was 12 years. If the present average age of the family of six
4. Of the three numbers, the average of the first and the
persons is 16 years, how old is the eldest child ?
second is greater than the average of the second and the
third by 15. What is the differnce between the first and the (a) 6 years (b) 7 years
third of the three numbers? (c) 8 years (d) 9 years
(a) 15 (b) 45 11. The average monthly rainfall for a year in Guntur district is
(c) 60 (d) None of these 2.7 inches, the average for the first 7 months is 1.1 inches
5. The average monthly expenditure of Ravi was `1100 less than the annual average. If the total rainfall for the next
during the first 3 months, `2200 during the next 4 months 4 months is 20.8 inches, then the rainfall in the last month
and `4620 during the subsequent five months of the year. will be
If the total savinig during the year was ` 2100, find Ravi's (a) 0.1 inch (b) 0.2 inch
average monthly income. (c) 0.4 inch (d) 0.6 inch
(a) ` 1858 (b) ` 3108.33 12. Eleven years earlier the average age of a family of
(c) ` 3100 (d) None of these 4 members was 28 years. Now the age of the same family
6. Rajeev earns 3/2 times in January, April, July and October with six members is yet the same, even when 2 children
than his average earning of ` 600 per month in the rest of were born in this period. If they belong to the same parents
the month. So his savings in the January, April, July and
and the age of the first child at the time of the birth of the
October goes to 5/4 times that of the rest months saving
younger child was same as there were total family members
of ` 400 per month in the year. The average expenditure
of per month is: just after the birth of the youngest members of this family,
(a) ` 266.66 (b) ` 250 then the present age of the youngest member of the family
(c) `. 233.33 (d) ` 433.33 is
7. There were five sections in MAT paper. The average score (a) 3 years (b) 5 years
of Pooja in first 3 sections was 83 and the average in the (c) 6 years (d) None of these
last 3 sections was 97 and the average of all the sections 13. The average earning of a group of persons is ` 50 per day.
(i.e., whole paper) was 92, then her score in the third The difference between the highest earning and lowest
section was earning of any two persons of the group is ` 45. If these
(a) 85 (b) 92 two people are excluded the average earning of the group
(c) 88 (d) None of these decreased by ` 1. If the minimum earning of the person in

6
 Averages l

the group lies between 42 and 47 and the number of persons (a) 1929 (b) 815
initially in the group was equal to a prime number, with (c) 690 (d) 643
both its digits prime. The number of persons in the group (e) None of these
initially was:
18. A batsman makes a score of 58 runs in the 15th innings and
(a) 29 (b) 53
(c) 31 (d) None of these thus increases his average by 3 runs. What is the average
14. The class X of a Vidhyalaya has four sections: after 15th inning? [SSC CGL-2012]
A, B, C and D. The average weight of the students of A, B, (a) 12 (b) 14
C together and A, C, D together are 45 kg and 55 kg (c) 16 (d) 18
respectively, while the average weight of the students of A, 19. The average of 5 consecutive numbers is n. If the next two
B, D together and B, C, D together are 50kg and 60kg numbers are also included, the average of the 7 numbers
respectively. Which of the following could be the average will [SSC CGL-2012]
weight of the students of all the four sections together?
(a) increase by 2 (b) increase by 1
(a) 47.6 kg (b) 52.5 kg
(c) 53.7 kg (d) 56.5 kg (c) remain the same (d) increase by 1.4
15. The average market price of three shares x, y and z is `m. 20. Out of 40 boys in a class, average weight of 30 is 60 kg and the
average weight of the remaining is 56 kg. The average weight
n
Shares x and y lose ` n each and z gains ` . As a result, (in kilogram) of the whole class is [SSC CGL-2013]
2
(a) 58.5 (b) 58
the average market price of the three shares decrease by
` 1. The value of n is (c) 57 (d) 59
(a) 2 (b) 3 21. The average of the first five multiples of 7 will be
(c) 4 (d) dependent of x [SSC CGL-2013]
16. The average marks in English subject of a class of 24 (a) 14 (b) 21
students is 56. If the marks of three students were misread (c) 17.5 (d) 24.5
as 44, 45 and 61 of the actual marks 48, 59 and 67 22. The average age of boys in the class is twice the number of
respectively, then what would be the correct average? girls in the class. The ratio of boys and girls in the class of
[IBPS-PO-2011] 50 is 4 : 1. The total of the ages (in years) of the boys in the
(a) 56.5 (b) 59 class is [SSC CGL-2014]
(a) 2000 (b) 2500
(c) 57.5 (d) 58
(c) 800 (d) 400
(e) None of these
23. There are 100 students in 3 sections A, B and C of a class.
17. In an Entrance Examination Ritu scored 56 percent marks, The average marks of all the 3 sections was 84. The average
Smita scored 92 percent marks and Rina scored 634 marks. of B and C was 87.5 and the average marks of A is 70. The
The maximum marks of the examination are 875. What are number of students in A was [SSC CGL-2014]
the average marks scored by all the three girls together? (a) 30 (b) 35
[IBPS-PO-2011] (c) 20 (d) 25

7
 l Averages

Hints & Solutions

Level-I 11. (b) Sum of ages of Mr. and Mrs. Sinha in 1972 = 46 years
Sum of age of their family in 1976 = 19 × 3 = 57 years
1. (c) Age of the class teacher = 25 × 16 – 24 × 15 Sum of ages of Mr. and Mrs. Sinha in 1976 = (46 + 8)
= 400 – 360 = 40 yrs. years
2. (c) Age of the teacher = (37 × 15 – 36 × 14) years = 54 years
= 51 years. \ Age of Vicky in 1980 = 57 – 54 + 4 = 7 years.
3. (b) Required average marks 12. (d) Since the month begins with Sunday, so there will be
40 ´ 50 + 35 ´ 60 + 45 ´ 55 + 42 ´ 45 five Sundays in the month
=
40 + 35 + 45 + 42 æ 510 ´ 5 + 240 ´ 25 ö
\ Required average = ç ÷
è 30 ø
2000 + 2100 + 2475 + 1890 8464.9997
= =
162 162 8550
= = 285
= 52.25 30
4. (b) Sum of the remaining two numbers
= (3.95 × 6) – [(3.4 × 2) + (3.85 × 2)] 150 ´ 30 –135 + 165
13. (a) Corrected mean =
= 23.70 – (6.8 + 7.7) = 23.70 – 14.5 = 9.20 30

æ 9.2 ö 4500 –135 + 165 4530

\ Required average = ç ÷ = 4.6. = = = 151
è 2 ø 30 30
5. (b) Check as follows, 14. (a) Sum of 10 numbers = 402
Corrected sum of 10 numbers
1+ 2 + 3+ 4 + 5
=3 = 402 – 13 + 31 – 18 = 402
5
1+ 2 + 3+ 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 Hence, correct average = 402 = 40.2
=4
7 10
6. (a) The middle number = Sum of the first six + Sum of the 15. (c) Find out the number of innings in each year. Then the
the last six – Sum of all the 11 answer will be given by:
= 6 × 10.5 + 6 × 10.5 – 11 × 10.9 Total runs in 4 years
= 63 + 68.4 – 119.9 (4270/119 = 35.88)
Total innings in 4 years
= 11.5
16. (a) Let the total no. of workers be x.
7. (d) Temperature on the fourth day
Now, 8000 x = 7 × 12000 + (x – 7) × 6000
= 40.2 × 4 + 41.3 × 4 – 40.6 × 7
= 160.8 + 165.2 – 284.2 = 41.8°C 42000
Þ x= = 21
8. (b) Recognise that the journey by bus and that by cycle 2000
are of equal distance. Hence, we can use the short cut 17. (b) Let the number of officers be x.
illustrated earlier to solve this part of the problem. Number of workers = 400 – x
Using the process explained above, we get average Þ 10000 × x + 2000(400 – x) = 3000(400)
speed of the second half of the journey as Þ 10000x + 800000 – 2000x = 12,00,000
10 + 1 × 5 = 15 kmph
Þ 4x = 600 – 400 = 200 Þ x = 50
Then we employ the same technique for the first part
\ Number of officers = 50
and get 15 + 1 × 9 = 24 kmph
9. (d) His total score is 93 + 78 + 177 = 348 out of 450% 18. (c) Let the third number be x. Then, second number
score = 77.33. = 2x. First number = 4x.

2. x .40 1 1 1 æ 7 ö 7 7
\ + + = ç ´ 3 ÷ or = or 4x = 24
10. (d) 80 = x 2 x 4 x è 72 ø 4 x 24
40 + x
40 + x = x or x = 6
Hence, not possible So, the numbers are 24, 12 and 6.

8
 Averages l

19. (d) For 150 coins to be of a value of `150, using only 34. (b) Let the five no. be x1, x2, x3, x4, x5.
25 paise, 50 paise and ` 1 coins, we cannot have any Average of 5 numbers = 61
coins lower than the value of ` 1. Thus, the number
x1 ∗ x2 ∗ x3 ∗ x4 ∗ x5
of 50 paise coins would be 0. Option (d) is correct. < 61
20. (c) Let the initial number of persons be x. Then, 5
16x + 20 × 15 = 15.5 (x + 20) Û 0.5x = 10 x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 305
Û x = 20. x1 ∗ x3
21. (d) The average weight per ball is asked. Hence the bag Now, < 69
2
does not have to be counted as the 48th item.
x1 + x3 = 138
22. (c) 400 × 7 = (300 × 3) + (250 × 2) + (n × 2) Þ 700.
23. (c) Find the total distance covered in each segment of 10 x2 ∗ x4
< 69
minutes. You will get total distance = 46 kilometers in 2
50 mins. x2 + x4 = 138
46 ´ 60 Now, x1 + x3 + x2 + x4 + x5 = 305
\ Average speed = = 55.2 kmph
50 138 + 138 + x5 = 305
24. (a) 100 ® 130 ® 182. Hence, 82/2 = 41.
x5 = 305 – 276
25. (a) Put x = 100 to get the weight of the containers. Use
x5 = 29
these weights of find average weight as 2600/4 = 650.
35. (d) Average weight of 19 men = 74 kgs
26. (c) (14 × 27.75 – 2 0+ 42 )/12 = 25.375
Total weight of 19 men = 74 × 19 = 1406 kgs
27. (d) The number of pass candidates are 2 + 6 + 18 + 40
Average weight of 38 women = 63
= 66 out of a total of 100. Hence, 66%
Total weight of 38 women = 38 × 63 = 2394
28. (b) Put x = 10 in the given equations and find the average
Average weight of men and women together
of the resultant values.
29. (c) nz – x + x1 = nz1 Simplify to get option (c) correct. 2394 ∗ 1406
=
30. (b) 251.25*4 + 277.52 * 5 + 760 = 3152.6 38 ∗ 19
31. (d) Let the height of four students be 150, 160, 170,
3800
180 cm then = = 66.66 » 67 kgs.
57
150 + 160 + 170 + 180 660 36. (d) Let S be the sum of ages of 60 boys
A= = = 165cm
4 4
S
Then, 12 = ... (1)
60
150 + 160 160 + 170 170 + 180 150 + 180
+ + +
2 2 2 2 S - 14 + 12.5 S 105
New average A = = -
150 + 170 160 + 180 60 60 60
+ +
B= 2 2 = 12 – 0.025 = 11.975
6 70 + *7 + 5*
37. (c) Average =
3
155 + 165 + 175 + 165 + 160 + 170 990
= = = 175cm 70 + *7 + 5*
6 6 Þ 57 =
3
670
= = 167.5 Þ 171– 70 = *7 + 5*
4
Similarly, C = 167.5 Þ *7 + 5* = 101
Now going through the opitons. Then, the sum of these two numbers should be equal
32. (d) We can get the sum 666 in two ways: to 101.
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 567 + 89 = 666 Therefore by looking options * must be 4.
or 123 + 456 + 78 + 9 = 666 38. (c) Present age of 8 members
So, average cannot be uniquely determined. = (30 × 8 + 3 × 8) = 264 years
Present age of 8 members and one child
59 + 84 + 44 + 98 + 30 + 40 + 58
33. (e) Required average = = 59 = (30 × 9) = 270 years
7
\ Child’s age = (270 – 264) = 6 years

9
 l Averages

39. (b) Lowest score = x total salary of remaining workers = (n – 7) × 6000

Highest score = x + 100 84000 + (n – 7) × 6000 = 8000 n
\ 28 × 38 + x + x + 100 = 30 × 40 84 + 6n – 42 = 8n
Þ 1064 + 2x + 100 = 1200 42 = 2n
Þ 2x = 1200 – 1164 = 36
n = 21
Þ x = 18
48. (c) Let total age of family be S years
40. (a) Sum of 20 numbers = 20 × 35 = 700
Sum of 20 numbers when 61 is replace by 16 3 years ago, total age = S – 3 × 5 = S – 15
Þ 700 – 61 + 16 = 655 S - 15
= 17
655 5
Correct average of 20 numbers = = 32.75
20 S = 17 × 5 + 15 = 100
6 ´ (1.15) + 8 ´ (1.10 ) + 6 (1.12 ) Let present age of baby be x years
41. (b) Average height =
20
S+ x
= 17
22.42 6
Þ = 1.121 or 1m 12.1cm
20
100 + x = 17 × 6
42. (c) First five prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11
x = 102 – 100 = 2 years
2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 28
Average = = = 5.6 Sum of observation
5 5 49. (c) Average =
43. (b) Let the average of batsman after 11th innings = A Total no. of observation
Required average
Total score made by batsman at the end
of 11th innings 432 + 623 + 209 + 378 + 908 + 168
=A =
11 6
\ Total score after 11th innings = 11 A 2718
= = 453
Total score after 11th innings 6
+ score made in 12th innings 50. (e) Third number
Now, = A+2
12 = 5 × 34.4 – 2 × 46.5 – 2 × 18
Þ 11A + 63 = (A + 2) × 12 = 172 – 93 – 36 = 43
Þ 11A – 12 A = 24 – 63 51. (a) Required average
Þ A = 39 78 + 69 + 54 + 21 + 94 + 48 + 77
12th innings average = 39 + 2 = 41 =
7
44. (a) Let the consecutive even numbers are 2n, 2n + 2,
2n + 4 and 2n + 6 441
= = 63
2n + 2n + 2 + 2n + 4 + 2n + 6 7
Average = 52. (c) Let M1, M2, M3, ..................... M13 are 13 matches
4
8n + 12 = 4 × 9 Þ n = 3 played by cricket players.
Hence, the numbers are 6, 8, 10 and 12. Largest among
M1 + M2 + M 3 + M 4 + M 5 + M 6 + M 7 + M 8 + M 9 + M10 + M11 + M12 + M13
them is 12.
13
45. (d) Short-cut method:
Weight of new crewmen = 42 ....(1)
= Replace man weight + [No. of crew men ×
increased average] M1 + M 2 + M3 + M 4 + M 5
= 54 ... (2)
1 5
= 55 + 12 ´ = 59 kg From eqns. (1) and (2)
3
46. (b) Sum of 30 numbers = 30×40 = 1200 270 + M6 + M7 + M8 + M9 + M10 + M11 + M12 + M13
Sum of 40 numbers = 40 × 30 = 1200 = 42 × 13 = 546
1200 + 1200 2400 2
Average of 70 numbers = = = 34 M 6 + M7 + M8 + M 9 + M10 + M11 + M12 + M13
70 70 7 or,
8
47. (b) Let total number of workers be n
total salary of all workers = 8000 n 276
= = 34.5
total salary of 7 technicians = 7 × 12000 = 84,000 8

10
 Averages l

Level-II 8. (b) Total mistakes = 1007 × 2 = 2014

Let x be average mistake per page for the remaining
1. (c) D's weight = 4 × 80 – 3 × 84 = 320 – 252 = 68. pages
E's weight = 68 + 3 = 71. 434 + 395x = 2014
Now, we know that A + B + C + D = 4 × 80 = 320 395x = 1580
and B + C + D + E = 78 × 4 = 312. x=4
Hence, A's weight is 8 kg more than E's weight. 9. (a) The number of rooms is 18 + 16 + 30 on the three
A = 71 + 8 = 79. floors respectively.
Total revenues are: 18*200 + 16 *100 + 30*150
2. (d) Let Arun's weight be x kg.
= 9700 required average = 9700/110 = 88.18.
According to Arun, 65 < x < 72.
Note here that if you could visualize here that since
According to Arun's brother, 60 < x < 70. the number of rooms is 110 the decimal values cannot
According to Arun's mother, x < 68 be. (c) or (d) which effectively means that options
The values satisfying all the above conditions are 66 3 and 4 are rejected.
and 67 10. (d) The total age of the family at the birth of first child
\ Required average = 18 × 3 = 54
While the total age of the couple at marriage
æ 66 + 67 ö æ 133ö = 25 × 2 = 50.
= çè ÷ =ç ÷ = 66.5 kg
2 ø è 2 ø Þ The years from marriage till the first child’s birth
3. (b) The weight of the boxes are 1st box ® 200, 3rd box 54 – 50
® 250 kg, 2nd box ® 300 kg, 4th box ® 350 and = = 2 years.
2
5th box ® 500 kg. Hence difference between the
heavier 4 and the lighter 4 is 300. Hence, difference The total age of family at the birth of the second child.
in the averages is 75. = 15 × 4 = 60 years.
4. (d) Let the numbers are x, y and z. 60 – 54
Þ Second child was born= = 2 years after the first.
3
æ x+ yö æ y+zö
Then, ç ÷-ç ÷ = 15 or (x + y) – (y + z) (12 ´ 6) - 60
è 2 ø è 2 ø
Similarly the twins were born = = 3 years.
= 30 or x – z = 30 4
5. (b) Required average income = (Total expenditure + total After the second child and today the twins are 4 years
savings]/12 old.
= [(1100 × 3 + 2200 × 4 + 4620 × 5) + 2100]/12 (Q average age of the family became 16 years from
= 37300/12 = 3108.333 12 years)
6. (a) Earning in the 8 months = 600 × 8 = 4800 \ Age of eldest son = 4 + 3 + 2 = 9 years.
11. (c) Total annual rainfall = 2.7 × 12 = 32.4 inches
æ 3ö Rainfall for first seven months = (2.7 – 1.1) × 7 = 11.2
Earning in the 4 months = ç 600 ´ ÷ ´ 4 = 3600
è 2ø Total for first 11 months = 11.2 + 20.8 = 32 inches
Rainfall for last month = 32.4 – 32 = 0.4 inches
Total earning = ` 8400
Saving in 8 months = 400 × 8 = 3200 14-17. You have to take between 25th and 30th to
mean that both these dates are also included.
æ 5ö
Saving in 4 months = çè 400 ´ ÷ ´ 4 = 2000
4ø 12. (a) No. of family
Average Total
Total savings = 5200 members
Total expenditure for 12 months = 8400 – 5200 Eleven years
= 3200 earlier 4 28 112
3200 Presently if 4 39 156
Therefore average saving per month = 6 28 168
12
= 266.66 Since it is obvious that just after the birth of the
7. (d) a + b + c + d + e = 5 × 92 = 460 youngest member (i.e., child) was 6 family members
a + b + c = 3 × 83 = 249 in the family. Therefore at the time of the birth of the
c + d + e = 3 × 97 = 291 youngest child the elder child's age was 6 years.
\ c = (a + b + c) + (c + d + e) – (a + b + c + d + e) Now the sum of their ages
or c = 540 – 460 or c = 80 = x + (x + 6) = 12 = (168 – 156)
Þ x=3

11
 l Averages

13. (d) Let there be n people (initially) in the group, then the 18. (c) Let average for 14 innings be x. Then,
total earning of the group = n × 50
14 x + 58
Again n × 50 = (n – 2) × 49 + (2x + 45) = x + 3 Þ 15 x + 45 = 14 x + 58 Þ x =13
Þ n = 2x – 53; where x is the lowest earning of any 15
person. \ New average = (x + 3) = 13 + 3 = 16 runs
Now, since 42 < x < 47 and n Î prime numbers 19. (b) Let the numbers be n – 2, n – 1, n, n + 1 and n + 2.
Then the only possible value of n = 37 for x = 45. Their average = n.
14. (b) Let a, b, c, d, the number of students in section A, B, C, Next two consecutive numbers are n + 3 and n + 4.
D respectively Therefore the average of 7 consecutive numbers
then, (n - 2) + (n -1) + n + (n +1) + (n + 2) + (n + 3) + (n + 4)
=
45 ( a + b + c ) + 55 ( a + c + d ) + 50 ( a + b + d ) 7
+60 ( b + c + d ) 5n + 2 n + 7
= = = n +1
3( a + b + c + d ) 7
20. (d) Average weight of 30 boys = 60 kg
5b + 10c + 15d Þ Sum of weight of 30 boys = 1800
= 50 + 3 a + b + c + d
( ) Average weight of 10 =56 kg
Þ Sum of weight of 10 boys = 560
Clearly, a, b, c, d are natural no. put a = b = c = d = 1 Average weight of the whole class
30 Sum of weight of all boys
Then, required average = 50 + = 50 + 2.5 = 52.5 =
12 40
15. (a) The net decrease in the average can be expressed as
sum of weight of 30 boys + sum of weight of 10 boys
=
æ yö 40
y + y -ç ÷
è2ø 60×30+56×10
=1 Þ y = 2 = = 59kg
3 40
16. (e) Correct average
21. (b) Average = 7 + 14 + 21 + 28 + 35 = 21
∋24´56( ∗ ∋48 ∗ 59 ∗ 67( ,∋44 ∗ 45 ∗ 61( 5
= 4
24 22. (c) Number of boys = ´ 50 = 40
5
1344 ∗ 174 ,150 1368 1
< < < 57 Number of girls = ´ 50 = 10
24 24 5
Average age of boys = 2 × 10 = 20
56 Total ages of the boys = 40 × 20 = 800
17. (d) Marks scored by Ritu = 875 ´ = 490
100 23. (c) Total marks of all three sections = 84 × 100 = 8400
total marks of (B + C) = 87.5 (n2 + n3)
92 total marks of A = 70 × n 1
Marks scored by Smita = 875 ´ = 805
n1 + n2 + n3 = 100 ...(1)
100
70n1 + 87.5 n2 + 87.5 n3 = 8400 ...(2)
\ Average marks scored by all the three together
Multiplying equation (1) by 87.5 and subtract from
490 ∗ 805 ∗ 634 1929 equation (2)
= = = 643 We get 17.5 n1 = 350
3 3
n1 = 20

12