8

PTER
CHA

RATIO, PROPORTION
AND VARIATION
RATIO a1 a2 a3 a
(ii) If , , , ..., n are unequal ratios (or fractions), then
Ratio is the comparison between two quantities in terms of their b1 b2 b3 bn
magnitudes. The ratio of two quantities is equivalent to a fraction a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an
that one quantity is of the other. lies between the lowest and the
b1 + b2 + b3 + ... + bn
For example, let Swati has 5 note books and Priya has 7 note
books. Then the ratio of the number of books that have with highest of these ratios.
Swati to the number of books that have with Priya is 5 is to 7. a
5 (iii) If the ratio > 1 and k is a positive number, then
This ratio is expressed as 5 : 7 or , which is a quotient of 5 and 7. b
7 a+k a a−k a
a < >
Ratio of any two numbers a and b is expressed as a : b or . The and
b+k b b−k b

b
numbers that form the ratio is called the terms of the ratio. The
a
numerator of the ratio is called the antecedent and the < 1 , then
Similarly, if
b

denominator is called the consequent of the ratio.
a+k a a−k a
DECIMAL AND PERCENTAGE VALUE OF A > and <
b+k b b−k b

RATIO
A ratio can be expressed in decimal and percentage. c a a+c a
(iv) If > , then >
3 d b b+d b
Decimal value of = 0.6
5 c a a+c a
To express the value of a ratio as a percentage, we multiply and if < , then <
d b b+d b

the ratio by 100.
Illustration 1: Salaries of Rajesh and Sunil are in the ratio of
3 3 2 : 3. If the salary of each one is increased by ` 4000 the new
Hence = × 100% = 60%
5 5 ratio becomes 40 : 57. What is Sunil’s present salary ?
To find the decimal value of any ratio, you may calculate the (a) ` 17000 (b) ` 20000
percentage value using the percentage rule (discussed in the chap- (c) ` 25500 (d) None of these
ter Percentage) and then shift the decimal point 2 places towards Solution: (d) Let the salaries of Rajesh and Sunil be ` 2x and `
left. Hence the decimal value of a ratio whose percentage value 3x respectively.
is 54.82% will be 0.5482. 2 x + 4000 40
Then, =
3 x + 4000 57
PROPERTIES OF RATIOS or 114x + 228000 = 120x + 160000
a1 a2 a3 a + a2 + a3 + ...
(i) = = = ... = 1 or 6x = 68000
b1 b2 b3 b1 + b2 + b3 + ... or 3x = ` 34000
This means that if two or more ratios are equal, then the Illustration 2: The ratio between the present ages of P and Q

ratio whose numerator is the sum of the numerators of all is 5 : 8. After four years, the ratio between their ages will be
the ratios and denominator is the sum of the denominators 2 : 3. What is Q’s age at present ?
of all the ratios is equal to the original ratio. (a) 36 years (b) 20 years

35 7 (c) 24 years (d) None of these
Since =
50 10

35 7 35 + 7 42
∴ = = =
50 10 50 + 10 60

1
 l Ratio, Proportion and Variation

P 5 5Q Illustration 3: Ratio of the age of A and B is 3 : 5 and ratio of

Solution: (d) = or P = ... (1) the age of B and C is 4 : 7. Find the ratio of the age of A and C.
Q 8 8
Solution: A:B=3:5;B:C=4:7

P+4 2 ⇒ A : B : C = 3 × 4 : 5 × 4 : 5 × 7 = 12 : 20 : 35
=

Q+4 3 Here

or 3P + 12 = 2Q + 8 A is correspond to the product of both numerators (3 × 4)
B is correspond to the product of first denominator and second
or 2Q – 3P = 4 ... (2)
numerator (5 × 4)
Putting value of P from eq. (1), and C is correspond to the product of both denominators (5 × 7)
5 Hence ratio of the age of A and C = 12 : 35
2Q – 3 × Q = 4 ⇒ Q = 32 . Conventional Method
8
LCM of 5 and 4 (the two values corresponding B’s amount) is 20.
Now convert B’s value in both ratio to 20.
USES OF RATIOS Hence A : B = 3 × 4 : 5 × 4 = 12 : 20
(i) As a Bridge between three or more Quantities B : C = 4 × 5 : 7 × 5 = 20 : 35
⇒ A : B : C = 12 : 20 : 35
a : b = N1 : D1
If
⇒ A : C = 12 : 35
b : c = N2 : D2
This conventional method will be long for more than three ratios.
c : d = N3 : D3
Illustration 4: If A : B = 4 : 5 ; B : C = 3 : 7 ; C : D = 6 : 7
and d : e = N4 : D4
D : E =12 : 17
Then a : b : c : d : e = N1 N2 N3 N4 : D1 N2 N3 N4 : D1 D2 N3 N4 :
then find the value of ratio A : E.
D1 D2 D3 N4 : D1 D2 D3 D4 Solution: A : B : C : D : E = (4 × 3 × 6 × 12) : (5 × 3 × 6 × 12) :

Here (5 × 7 × 6 × 12) : (5 × 7 × 7 × 12) : (5 × 7 × 7 × 17)
a is correspond to the product of all four numerators ∴ A : E = (4 × 3 × 6 × 12) : (5 × 7 × 7 × 17) = 864 × 4165
(N1 N2N3 N4) Note that here we have found the ratio of A : E directly without
b is correspond to the first denominator and the last three finding the consolidate ratio (A : B : C : D : E) of A, B, C, D and E.
numerators (D1 N2 N3 N4) COMPARISON OF RATIOS
c is correspond to the first two denominators and the last two The value of a ratio is directly related to the value of numerator
numerators (D1 D2 N3 N4) but inversely related to the value of denominator i.e. if (only
d is correspond to the first three denominators and the last numerator decrease)/(only denominator increases)/(numerator
numerators (D1 D2 D3 N4) decreases and denominator increases) then the value of the ratio
decreases and vice-versa.
e is correspond to the product of all four denominators
There are eight cases in which we have to compare two ratios.
(D1 D2 D3 D4)
In six out of these eight cases, we can easily compare the two
This method is applied for any three or more ratios. ratios by keeping the above mentioned facts related to ratios in
This can be understood by following illustrations: mind as shown in the following table.

S.No. Cases Comparison of Ratios Comparison of Ratios (Example)

(i) Numerator : Decreases 5 3
(First Ratio) > (Second Ratio) >
Denominator : Fixed 8 8
(ii) Numerator : Increases 4 7
(First Ratio) < (Second Ratio) <
Denominator : Fixed 9 9
(iii) Numerator : Fixed 6 6
(First Ratio) < (Second Ratio) <
Denominator : Decreases 7 5

(iv) Numerator : Fixed 5 5

(First Ratio ) > (Second Ratio) >
Denominator : Increases 8 9

(v) Numerator : Decreases 6 5

(First Ratio) > (Second Ratio) >
Denominator : Increases 7 8

(vi) Numerator : Increases 3 5

(First Ratio) < (Second Ratio) <
Denominator : Decreases 7 4

2
 Ratio, Proportion and Variation l

In the remaining two cases, we cannot compare the two ratios By the given condition, we get
just by looking them. (10 + x) : (18 + x) : : (22 + x) : (38 + x)

The remaining two cases are ⇒ (10 + x) (38 + x) = (18 + x) (22 + x)
(vii) Numerator : Decreasing ⇒ 380 + 48x + x2 = 396 + 40x + x2
Denominator : Decreasing Cancelling x2 from both sides, we get

(viii) Numerator : Increasing 380 + 48x = 396 + 40x
Denominator : Increasing

⇒ 48x – 40x = 396 – 380

In both the remaining two cases (vii) and (viii), we can compare
the two ratios by any one of the following two methods. 16
⇒ 8x = 16 ⇒ = x = 2
8
Method-I: Cross Multiplication Method
Therefore, 2 should be added to each of the four given
a c
> , if ad > bc numbers.
b d

a c Continue Proportion
and < , if ad < bc
b d

a b
6 3 (i) If = , then a, b, c, are said to be in continue proportion
For example > because 6 × 5 > 7 × 3 b c
7 5 and vice-versa.

4 7 a b
and < because 4 × 8 < 5 × 7 Now = ⇒ ac = b2
5 8 b c


Here b is called mean proportional and c is called third
Method-II: Denominator Equating Method

proportional of a and b.
By making the denominator of each ratio equal to the LCM of (ii) If a, b, c and d are in continue proportion, then
the denominators of both ratios, we can compare the two ratios a b c
by checking their numerators. = =
b c d

5 8
Illustration 5: Which of the two ratios and is greater. a b c
6 9 Also if = = = k (let), a constant
Solution: LCM of 6 and 9 = 18 b c d


5 5 × 3 15 Then c = dk
= =

6 6 × 3 18 b = ck = dk . k = dk2


a = bk = dk2 . k = dk3

8 8 × 2 16
= = PROPERTIES OF PROPORTION
9 9 × 2 18

a c b d
Since numerator of second ratio is greater than the numerator (i) Invertendo: If = , then =
of first ratio, b d a c
16 15 8 5 a c a b
∴ > ⇒ > (ii) Alternando: If = , then =
18 18 9 6 b d c d

a c a+b c+d
(iii) Componendo: If = , then =
PROPORTION b d b d
When two ratios are equal, the four quantities composing them a c a−b c−d
(iv) Dividendo: If = , then =
a c b d b d
are said to be proportionals. Hence, if = , then a, b, c, d are
b d a c
in proportional and is written as (v) Componendo and Dividendo: If = , then
b d
a:b::c:d
a+b c+d

The terms a and d are called extremes while the terms b and =
c are called the means. a−b c−d
a c x+a x+b 2ab
a:b::c:d ⇒ = ⇒ ad = bc Illustration 7: Find the value of + , if x =
b d x−a x−b a+b

Hence product of extremes = Product of means
2ab x 2b
Illustration 6: What must be added to each of the four num- Solution: x= ⇒ =
a+b a a+b
bers 10, 18, 22, 38 so that they become in proportion ?
Solution: Let the number to be added to each of the four numbers
be x.

3
l Ratio, Proportion and Variation

By componendo – dividendo,
x + a 3b + a
=
x−a b−a
x 2a
Similarly, =
b a+b

x + b 3a + b Some Examples of Direct Variations
⇒ =
x −b a −b

• Number of persons ∝ Amount of work done
x + a x + b 3b + a 3a + b More number of persons, more work.
∴ += +

x−a x−b b−a a−b • Number of days ∝ Amount of work

− (3b + a ) 3a + b 2a − 2b More days, More work
= += = 2 .

a−b a−b a −b • Working rate ∝ Amount of work
More working rate, more work

• Efficiency of worker ∝ Amount of work
VARIATIONS More efficient worker, More work.

We come across many situations in our day to day life where we Illustration 8: A machine takes 5 hours to cut 120 tools. How
see change in one quantity bringing change in the other quantity. many tools will it cut in 20 hours?
For example: Solution: Here more time, more number of tools i.e. time and
(a) If the number of items purchased increases, its cost also increases. number of tools cut vary directly.
(b) If the number of workers working to complete a job increases Let number of tools cut in 20 hours be ‘x’, then
then days required to complete the job will decrease.
5 20  y1 y2 
Here we observe that change in one quantity leads to change = ∵ x = x 
120 x
 

in other quantity. This is called variation. 1 2
20 × 120
TYPES OF VARIATIONS ⇒ x=
5

There are three types of variations: Direct variation, Indirect vari- x = 480
ation and Compound variation. Hence required number of tools = 480.
(i) Direct Variations
There is a direct variation in two quantities if they are related in
(ii) Inverse Variations
such a way that an increase in one causes an increase in the other There is an inverse variation in two quantities if they are so related
in the same ratio or a decrease in one causes a decrease in the that an increase in one causes a decrease in the other in the same
other in the same ratio. This means that if one quantity becomes ratio or vice-versa. This means that if one quantity becomes double
double then the other quantity also becomes double and if one then other quantity becomes half and if one quantity becomes one
quantity becomes half then the other quantity also becomes half third then other quantity becomes thrice etc.
etc. In other words if x and y are two variables then y varies In other words if x and y are variables then y varies inversely
y with x, if xy is a constant.
1
directly with x if the ratio is a constant. ‘y varies inversely with x’ is represented as y ∝ .
x x
‘y varies directly with x’ is represented as y ∝ x 1
Here symbol ‘∝’ means ‘varies as’. The representation y ∝
y varies directly as x is simply say that y varies as x. x
Here symbol ‘∝’ means ‘varies as’. k
can be converted to an equation y = or xy = k, where k is a
The representation y ∝ x can be converted to an equation x
y = kx, where k is a positive constant and called constant of positive constant, called constant of proportionality.
proportionality. ⇒ xy = constant
y The equation xy = constant, means all products of a value of y
Hence = constant
x and their corresponding value of x are equal. That is if y1, y2 are two
y values of y corresponding to the values x1, x2 of x respectively, then
The equation = k, means all ratios of a value of y with their
x x1 y1 = x2 y2
corresponding value of x are equal. Graph
If y1, y2 are two values of y corresponding to two values x1 and
If y varies inversely as x, then graph between x and y will be as
y y
x2 of x, then 1 = 2 . shown below:
x1 x2
Graph
If y varies directly as x, then graph between x and y will be as
shown below:

4
 Ratio, Proportion and Variation l

Illustration 9: If 900 persons can finish the construction of a A partner who manages the business is called the
building in 40 days, how many persons are needed to complete
the construction of building in 25 days. working
Solution: Let the required number of persons be ‘x’. As the partner and the one who simply invests the money is called the
number of days required to complete the job is less, so more sleeping partner.
Partnership is of two kinds :

number of persons will be required. It is a case of inverse variation.
So 900 × 40 = x × 25 (i) Simple (ii) Compound.
Simple partnership : If the capitals is of the partners are
900 × 40
⇒ x= = 1440 invested for the same period, the partnership is called simple.
25
Compound partnership : If the capitals of the partners are
Hence required number of persons = 1440. invested for different lengths of time, the partnership is called
compound.
 If the period of investment is same for each partner, then the
COMPOUND VARIATIONS profit orthen
loss is divided in the ratio of their investments.
period,
In real life, there are many situations which involve more than IfInvestment
A and B are
of Apartners
Pr ofitinofa A
businessLoss
investing
of A for same
one variation, i.e. change in one quantity depends on changes = or =
in two or more quantities either directly or inversely or by both. Investment of B Pr ofit of B Loss of B
Let x, y and z are variables, i.e. y ∝ x If A, B and C are partners in a business, then
(a) y varies directly as x when z is constant, i.e., y ∝ x and y Investment of A : Investment of B : Investment of C
varies directly as z when x is constant, i.e. y ∝ z, then we = Profit of A : Profit of B : Profit of C, or
say that y varies directly as the product of x and z.

Thus y ∝ xz = Loss of A : Loss of B : Loss of C


or y = k (xz), k is a positive constant Illustration 11: Three partner Rahul, Puneet and Chandan

(b) y varies directly as x when z is constant, i.e. y ∝ x and y invest ` 1600, ` 1800 and ` 2300 respectively in a business.
1 How should they divide a profit of ` 399 ?
varies inversely as z when x is constant i.e. y ∝ , then
z Solution: Profit is to be divided in the ratio 16 : 18 : 23
x  x 16
y∝ or y = k   , where k is a positive constant. Rahul’s share
= of profit × 399
z  z
16 + 18 + 23
1
(c) y varies inversely as x when z is constant i.e. y ∝ and

x 16
= × 399 =` 112
1 57
y varies inversely as z when x is constant then y ∝ or

xz 18
Puneet’s share of profit = × 399 =` 126
k 57
y= , where k is a positive constant.
xz 23
Chandan’s share of profit = × 399 =` 161
Illustration 10: 25 horses eat 5 bags of corn in 12 days, how 57
Illustration 12: A, B and C enter into a partnership by invest-
many bags of corn will 10 horses eat in 18 days ? ing 1500, 2500 and 3000 rupees, respectively. A as manager
Solution: Here three quantities : number of horses (h), number gets one-tenth of the total profit and the remaining profit is
of bags (b) and number of days (d) are involved. divided among the three in the ratio of their investment. If A’s
Number of bags increases as number of hourses increases. Also, total share is ` 369, find the shares of B and C.
number of bags increases as number of days increases. Solution: If total profit is x, then
b 9
Hence b ∝ hd ⇒ = constant x
hd 1 15
A’s share = x+ of the balance 10
b1 b b h d 10 15 + 25 + 30
⇒ = 2 ⇒ b2 = 1 2 2
h1 d1 h2 d 2 h1 d1 1 27x

⇒ x+ = 369
10 140
5 × 10 × 18
∴ b2 = =3 ⇒ 14x + 27x = 369 × 140
25 × 12

369 × 140
Hence number of bags required by 10 horses in 18 days ⇒x = =×9 140 = 1260
41
= 3 bags. 5 9
B’s share = × × 1260 = ` 405
PARTNERSHIP 14 10
A partnership is an association of two or more persons who 6 9
C’s share = × × 1260 = ` 486
invest their money in order to carry on a certain business. 14 10

5
 l Ratio, Proportion and Variation Illustration 13:

A and B invested in the ratio 3 : 2 in a busi- ness. If 5% of Solution: Monthly equivalent rent of A = 126 × 3 = 378
the total profit goes to charity and A’s share is ` 855, find Monthly equivalent rent of B = 162 × 5 = 810
the total profit. Monthly equivalent rent of C = 216 × 4 = 864
Solution: Let the total profit be ` 100. ∴ Rent is to be divided in the ratio 378 : 810 : 864, i.e. 7 :
Then, ` 5 goes to charity. 15 : 16
Now, ` 95 is divided in the ratio 3 : 2. 7
95 ∴ A would have to pay of the rent
∴ A’s share = ×= 3 ` 57 7 + 15 + 16
3+ 2 7 7
= of the rent
= × 570 = ` 105
But A’s actual share is ` 855. 38 38

 100  ∴ B would have to pay of the rent
∴ Actual total
= profit 855
=   ` 1500
57 
= ` 225
In a group of n persons invested different different amount for

different period then their profit or loss ratio is and C would have to pay 16 , i.e. 8 of the rent
At1 : Bt2 : Ct3 : Dt4 .......... : Xtn 38 19
8
= × 570 =` 240

[Here first person invested amount A for t1 period, second person 19
invested amount B for t2 period and so on.]

Illustration 16: Shekhar started a business investing ` 25,000
in 1999. In 2000, he invested an additional amount of ` 10,000
Illustration 14: A and B start a business. A invests ` 600 and Rajeev joined him with an amount of ` 35,000. In 2002,
more than B for 4 months and B for 5 months. A’s share is ` Shekhar invested another additional amount of ` 10,000 and
48 more than that of B, out of a total profit of ` 528. Find the Jatin joined them with an amount of ` 35,000. What will be
capital contributed by each. Rajeev’s share in the profit of ` 1,50,000 earned at the end of
528 – 48 3 years from the start of the business in 1999 ?
Solution: B’s=profit = ` 240
2 (a) ` 45,000 (b) ` 50,000
A’s profit = 528 – 240 = ` 288 (c) ` 70,000 (d) ` 75,000
A 's capital × 4 288 6
= = Solution: (b) Ratio of Shekhar, Rajeev and Jatin’s investments
B's capital × 5 240 5
= 25000 × 36 + 10000 × 24 + 10000 × 12 : 35000

A 's capital 6 5 3 × 24 : 35000 × 12,
= × =
∴ B's capital 5 4 2 = 25 × 36 + 10 × 24 + 10 × 12 : 35 × 24 : 35 × 12

B's capital + 600 3 = 25 × 3 + 10 × 2 + 10 × 1 : 35 × 2 : 35 × 1
=

B's capital 2 = 75 + 20 + 10 : 70 : 35

B’s capital = ` 1200 and A’s capital = ` 1800 = 105 : 70 : 35, i.e. 3 : 2 : 1

Illustration 15: Three persons A, B, C rent the grazing of a 2
Rajeev’s share in the profit = × 150000 =` 50000
park for ` 570. A puts in 126 oxen in the park for 3 months, 6

B puts in 162 oxen for 5 months and C puts in 216 oxen for
4 months. What part of the rent should each person pay ?

6
 Ratio, Proportion and Variation l

Practice Exercise
Level - I
x+ a x+b 2ab 10. If a : b = 2 : 3, b : c = 3 : 4, c : d = 4 : 5, find a : b : c : d.
1. Find the value of + , if x = .
x-a x-b a+b (a) 5 : 4 : 3 : 2 (b) 30 : 20 : 15 : 12
(c) 2 : 3 : 4 : 6 (d) 2 : 3 : 4 : 5
(a) – 2 (b) 2
11. ` 1220 is divided, among A, B, C and D, such that B’s share
(c) 1 (d) – 1
2. A certain sum of money was divided among A, B and C in a 5 th 7 th 1
is of A’s; C’s share is of B’s and D has as much
certain way. C got half as much as A and B together got. 9 10 3
A got one third of what B and C together got. What is the as B and C together. Find A’s share.
ratio of A’s share to that of C’s share? (a) ` 540 (b) ` 802
(a) 1 : 4 (b) 3 : 4 (c) ` 100 (d) ` 650
(c) 4 : 1 (d) 3 : 5 12. In an examination, there are five subjects and each has the
3. Two numbers are in the ratio of 3 : 4. If 5 is subtracted from same maximum. A boy’s marks are in the ratio 3 : 4 : 5 : 6 : 7
each, the resulting numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3. Find the 3
and his aggregate is th of the full marks. In how many
numbers 5
(a) 12, 16 (b) 24, 32 subjects did he get more than 50% marks?
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 60, 80 (d) 15, 20
(c) 3 (d) 4
4. The wages of labourers in a factory increased in the ratio
22 : 25 and there was a reduction in their number in the ratio 13. Three friends started a business of renting out air condi-
tioners by investing ` 20000, ` 24000 and ` 16000, respec-
15 : 11. Find the original wage bill if the present bill is ` 5000.
tively. C gets 20% of total profit for repair and maintenance
(a) ` 2500 (b) ` 3000 of the air conditioner. If in a particular year, C gets ` 487.50
(c) ` 5000 (d) ` 6000 less than the total earnings of the other two, then the total
5. Which of the following numbers should be added to 11, 15, profit for the year is :
17 and 23 so that they are in proportion? (a) ` 2812.50 (b) ` 3625.50
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) ` 4515.00 (d) None of these
(c) 5 (d) 1 14. The ratio of the prices of two houses A and B was 4 : 5 last
6. Find the forth proportional to 12X 3, 9aX 2, 8a 3X. year. This year, the price of A is increased by 25% and that
(a) 4a3 (b) 6a4 of B by ` 50000. If their prices are now in the ratio 9 : 10, the
(c) 5a (d) 7a5 price of A last year was :
7. Vijay decides to leave 100 acres of his land to his three (a) ` 3,60,000 (b) ` 4,50,000
daughters Vijaya, Sunanda and Ansuya in the proportion (c) ` 4,80,000 (d) ` 5,00,000
of one-third, one-fourth and one-fifth respectively. But 15. The dimensions of a rectangular room when increased by 4
Vijaya suddenly expires. Now how should Vijay divide the metres are in the ratio of 4 : 3 and when decreased by 4
land between Sunanda and Anusuya? metres, are in the ratio of 2 : 1. The dimensions of the room
are
500 400 (a) 6 m and 4 m (b) 12 m and 8 m
(a) , (b) 450 350
9 9 , (c) 16 m and 12 m (d) 24 m and 16 m
8 8
16. The sum of three numbers is 98. If the ratio of the first to the
420 280 320 380
(c) , (d) , second is 2 : 3 and that of the second to the third is 5 : 8,
7 7 7 7 then the second number is:
8. Find a : b : c, if 6a = 9b = 10c. (a) 20 (b) 30
(a) 12 : 10 : 8 (b) 15 : 4 : 3 (c) 38 (d) 48
(c) 15 : 18 : 9 (d) 15 : 10 : 9 17. Two numbers are such as that square of one is 224 less
9. What is the least integer which when added to both terms than 8 times the square of the other. If the numbers are in
of the ratio 5 : 9 will make a ratio greater than 7 : 10? the ratio of 3 : 4, they are
(a) 6 (b) 8 (a) 12, 16 (b) 6, 8
(c) 5 (d) 7 (c) 9, 12 (d) None of these

7
 l Ratio, Proportion and Variation 18. Tea

worth ` 126 per kg and ` 135 per kg are mixed with a 27. Arvind began a business with ` 550 and was joined
third variety in the ratio 1 : 1 : 2. If the mixture is worth ` 153 afterwards by Brij with ` 330. When did Brij join, if the
per kg, then the price of the third variety per kg is profits at the end of the year were divided in the ratio 10 : 3?
(a) ` 169.50 (b) ` 170 (a) After 4 months (b) After 6 months
(c) ` 175.50 (d) ` 180 (c) After 4.5 months (d) None of these
19. In a mixture of 45 litres, the ratio of milk and water is 3 : 2. 28. A, B and C are partners. A receives 9/10 of the profit and B
How much water must be added to make the ratio 9 : 11? and C share the remaining profit equally. A's income is
increased by ` 270 when the profit rises from 12 to 15%.
(a) 10 litres (b) 15 litres
Find the capital invested by B and C each
(c) 17 litres (d) 20 litres
(a) ` 5000 (b) ` 1000
20. The ratio of the rate of flow of water in pipes varies inversely
(c) ` 500 (d) ` 1500
as the square of the radii of the pipes. What is the ratio of
29. A fort had provision of food for 150 men for 45 days. After
the rates of flow in two pipes of diameters 2 cm and 4 cm,
10 days, 25 men left the fort. The number of days for which
respectively?
the remaining food will last, is
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1
1 1
(c) 1 : 8 (d) 4 : 1 (a) 29 (b) 37
5 4
3
21. Given that 24 carat gold is pure gold. 18 carat gold is pure (c) 42 (d) 54
4
5 30. In a mixture of 45 L, the ratio of milk and water is 2 : 1.
gold and 20 carat gold is pure gold. The ratio of the pure If this ratio is to be 3 : 2, the quantity of water to be
6
gold in 18 carat gold to the pure gold in 20 carat gold is : further added is
(a) 3 : 8 (b) 9 : 10 (a) 3 L (b) 5 L
(c) 15 : 24 (d) 8 : 5 (c) 8 L (d) None of these
31. If 40% of a number is equal to two-third of another
y y+x x
22. If = = , then find x : y : z. number, what is the ratio of first number to the second
x- z z y number?
(a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 2 : 1 (a) 2 : 5 (b) 3 : 7
(c) 4 : 2 : 3 (d) 2 : 4 : 7 (c) 5 : 3 (d) 7 : 3
23. Salaries of A, B and C were in the ratio 3 : 5 : 7, respectively. 32. If the cost of printing a book of 320 leaves with 21 lines on
If their salaries were increased by 50%, 60% and 50% each page and on an average 11 words in each line is ` 19,
respectively, what will be the new ratio of the their respective find the cost of printing a book with 297 leaves, 28 lines on
new salaries? each page and 10 words in each line.
(a) 4 : 5 : 7 (b) 3 : 6 : 7 3 3
(a) ` 22 (b) ` 20
(c) 4 : 15 : 18 (d) 9 : 16 : 21 8 8
24. The average score of boys in an examination of a school is
3 3
71 and that of the girls is 73. The average score of the whole (c) ` 21 (d) ` 21
school in that examination is 71.8. Find the ratio of the number 8 4
of boys to the number of girls that appeared in the 33. A and B entered into a partnership with investments of `
examination. 15000 and ` 40000 respectively. Aftere 3 months A left
(a) 4 : 5 (b) 3 : 2 from the business, at the same time C joins with ` 30000.
(c) 3 : 5 (d) 5 : 2 At the end of 9 months, they got ` 7800 as profit. Find
the share of B.
25. Two casks of 48 L and 42 L are filled with mixtures of wine
(a) ` 4800 (b) ` 600
and water, the proportions in the two casks being
respectively 13 : 7 and 18 : 17. If the contents of the two (c) ` 2400 (d) ` 1200
casks be mixed and 20 L of water is added to the whole, 34. The third proportional to (x2 – y2) and (x – y) is :
what will be the proportion of wine to water in the resultant (a) (x + y) (b) (x – y)
solution? x+ y x- y
(a) 21 : 31 (b) 12 : 13 (c) (d)
x- y x+ y
(c) 13 : 12 (d) None of these
26. What amounts (in litres) of 90% and 97% pure acid solutions 1 1 1
35. The sides of a triangle are in the ratio : : and its
are mixed to obtain 21 L of 95% pure acid solution? 2 3 4
perimeter is 104 cm. The length of the longest side is
(a) 6 and 15 L (b) 14 and 15 L
(a) 52 cm (b) 48 cm
(c) 12 and 15 L (d) 13 and 12 L (c) 32 cm (d) 26 cm

8
 Ratio, Proportion and Variation l

36. Three friends A, B and C started a business by investing a 45. When 30 percent of a number is added to another number
sum of money in the ratio of 5 : 7 : 6. After 6 months C the second number increases to its 140 per cent. What is
withdraws half of his capital. If the sum invested by ‘A’ is the ratio between the first and the second number?
` 40,000, out of a total annual profit of ` 33,000, C’s share
(a) 3 : 4 (b) 4 : 3
will be
(c) 3 : 2 (d) None of these
(a) ` 9,000 (b) ` 12,000
(c) ` 11,000 (d) ` 10,000 46. The ratio of number of ladies to gents at a party was 1 : 2,
37. The numbers of students speaking English and Hindi are in but when 2 ladies and 2 gents left, the ratio became 1 : 3.
the ratio of 4:5. If the number of students speaking English How many people were originally present at the party?
increased by 35% and that speaking Hindi increased by (a) 6 (b) 9
20%, what would be the new respective ratio? (c) 12 (d) 10
(a) 19 : 20 (b) 7 : 8 47. A bag contains an equal number of one rupee, 50 paise and
(c) 8 : 9 (d) 9 : 10 25 paise coins respectively. If the total value is ` 35, how
38. The ratio of males and females in a city is 7 : 8 and the many coins of each type are there?
percentage of children among males and females is 25% (a) 20 coins (b) 30 coins
and 20% respectively. If the number of adult females in the
(c) 28 coins (d) 25 coins
city is 156800 what is the total population?
(a) 245000 (b) 367500 48. A and B invest ` 3,000 and ` 4,000 in a business. A receives
(c) 196000 (d) 171500 ` 10 per month out of the profit as a remuneration for running
39. A, B and C started a business with a total investment of the business and the rest of profit is divided in proportion
` 72000. A invests ` 6000 more than B and B invests to the investments. If in a year ‘A’ totally receives ` 390,
` 3000 less than C. If the total profit at the end of a years what does B receive?
is ` 8640, find A's share. (a) ` 375 (b) ` 360
(a) ` 3240 (b) ` 2520 (c) ` 350 (d) ` 260
(c) ` 2880 (d) ` 3360
( x + 1)
40. A, B and C enter into a partnership. They invest ` 40,000, 49. If f ( x ) = , then the ratio of x to f (y) where y = f (x) is
` 80,000 and ` 1,20,000 respectively. At the end of the ( x - 1)
first year, B withdraws ` 40,000, while at the end of the (a) x : y (b) x2 : y2
second year, C withdraws ` 80,000. In what ratio will the
(c) 1 : 1 (d) y : x
profit be shared at the end of 3 years?
(a) 2 : 3 : 5 (b) 3 : 4 : 7 a b c
50. If = = , then each fraction is equal to
(c) 4 : 5 : 9 (d) None of these b+c c+ a a +b
41. Incomes of two companies A and B are in the ratio of 5 : 8. (a) (a + b + c)2 (b) 1/2
Had the income of company A been more by ` 25 lakh, the
(c) 1/4 (d) 0
ratio of their incomes would have been 5 : 4. What is the
income of company B? a 2 + b2
(a) ` 80 lakh (b) ` 50 lakh 51. If a : b = c : d then the value of is
c2 + d 2
(c) ` 40 lakh (d) ` 60 lakh a+b
42. Abhishek started a business investing ` 50,000. After one (a) 1/2 (b)
c+d
year he invested another ` 30,000 and Sudin also joined
a-b ab
him with a capital of ` 70,000. If the profit earned in three (c) (d)
years from the starting of business was ` 87,500, then find c-d cd
the share of Sudin in the profit. 52. In Ramnagar Colony, the ratio of school going children to
(a) ` 37,500 (b) ` 35,000 non-school going children is 5 : 4. If in the next year, the
(c) ` 38,281 (d) ` 52,500 number of non-school going children is increased by 20%,
43. In 1 kg mixture of sand and iron, 20% is iron. How much making it 35,400, what is the new ratio of school going
sand should be added so that the proportion of iron children to non-school going children?
becomes 10%? (a) 4 : 5 (b) 3 : 2
(a) 1 kg (b) 200 gms (c) 25 : 24 (d) None of these
(c) 800 gms (d) 1.8 kg 53. If ` 1066 is divided among A, B, C and D such that
44. A started a business with ` 21,000 and is joined afterwards A : B = 3 : 4, B : C = 5 : 6 and C : D = 7 : 5, who will get the
by B with ` 36,000. After how many months did B join if maximum?
the profits at the end of the year are divided equally? (a) B (b) A
(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) C (d) D
(c) 5 (d) 6

9
 l Ratio, Proportion and Variation 54.

The ratio of the ages of A and B seven years ago was 3 : 4 63. If 10% of x is the same as 20% of y, then x : y is
respectively. The ratio of their ages nine years from now [SSC-MT-2013]
will be 7 : 8 respectively. What is B’s age at present ? (a) 5 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
[SBI Clerk-June-2012] (c) 3 : 1 (d) 2 : 1
(a) 16 years (b) 19 years 64. In a school, the ratio of boys to girls is 4 : 3 and the ratio of
(c) 28 years (d) 23 years girls to teachers is 8 : 1. The ratio of student to teachers is :
(e) None of these [SSC 10+2-2012]
55. The respective ratio between the present ages of father, (s) 56 : 3 (b) 55 : 1
mother and daughter is 7 : 6 : 2. The difference between
(c) 49 : 3 (d) 56 : 1
mother’s and the daughter’s age is 24 years. What is the
father’s age at present ? [SBI Clerk-2012] 65. A, B and C are batsmen. The ratio of the runs scored by
(a) 43 years (b) 42 years them in a certain match are given below:
(c) 39 years (d) 38 years A : B = 5 : 3 and B : C = 4 : 5. In all they scored 564 runs. The
(e) None of these number of runs scored by B is: [SSC 10+2-2012]
56. Number of students studying in colleges A and B are in the (a) 124 (b) 104
ratio of 3 : 4 respectively. If 50 more students join college A (c) 114 (d) 144
and there is no change in the number of students in college 66. The ratio of age of two boys is 5 : 6. After two years the ratio
B, the respective ratio becomes 5 : 6. What is the number of will be 7 : 8. The ratio of their ages after 12 years will be
students in college B ? [SBI Clerk-2014] [SSC 10+2-2013]
(a) 450 (b) 500 (a) 11/12 (b) 22/24
(c) 400 (d) 600 (c) 15/16 (d) 17/18
(e) None of these 67. A invests ` 64,000 in a business. After few months B joined
57. A certain sum of money is distributed to A and B in the ratio him with ` 48,000. At the end of year, the total profit was
2 : 5. If A received `100, then the money received by B is divided between them in the ratio 2 : 1. After how many
[SSC-Sub. Ins.-2012] months did B join ? [SSC 10+2-2013]
(a) ` 200 (b) ` 150 (a) 7 (b) 8
(c) ` 250 (d) ` 300 (c) 4 (d) 6
58. A man leaves ` 12,600 to be divided among 7 sons,
3 daughters and 5 nephews. If each daughter receives three x 4 æ 4 2y - x ö
68. If = , then the value of ç +
è 7 2y + x ø÷
times as much as each nephew and each son seven times as is
y 5
much as each nephew, then each daughter’s share is
[SSC 10+2-2014]
[SSC-Sub. Ins.-2012]
(a) ` 700 (b) ` 650 3 1
(a) (b) 1
(c) ` 600 (d) ` 750 7 7
59. The proportion of acid and water in three samples is 2 : 1, (c) 1 (d) 2
3 : 2 and 5 : 3. A mixture containing equal quantities of all 1 3
three samples is made. The ratio of water and acid in the 69. Ram left of his property to his widow and of the
3 5
mixture is : [SSC-Sub. Ins.-2013]
(a) 120 : 133 (b) 227 : 133 remainder to his daughter. He gave the rest to his son who
received ` 6,400. How much was his original property worth?
(c) 227 : 120 (d) 133 : 227
60. If x : y ::2 : 3 and 2 : x :: 4 : 8 the value of y is [SSC 10+2-2014]
[SSC-Sub. Ins.-2014] (a) ` 16,000 (b) ` 32,000
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) ` 24,000 (d) ` 1,600
(c) 4 (d) 12 70. A total profit of ` 3,600 is to be distributed amongst A, B
61. ` 730 were divided among A, B, C in such a way that if A and C such that A : B = 5 : 4 and B : C = 8 : 9. The share of C
gets ` 3, then B gets ` 4 and if B gets ` 3.50 then C gets ` 3. in the profit is [SSC 10+2-2014]
The share of B exceeds that of C by [SSC-Sub. Ins.-2014] (a) ` 1,200 (b) ` 1,500
(a) ` 30 (b) ` 40 (c) ` 1,650 (d) ` 1,700
(c) ` 70 (d) ` 210 71. Three friends divide ` 624 among themselves in the ratio
62. A certain amount of money is divided among x, y and z. If x 1 1 1
receives 25% more than y and y receives 25% less than z, : : ; the share of the third friend is [SSC 10+2-2014]
2 3 4
then x : y : z is equal to [SSC-MT-2013]
(a) 12 : 10 : 11 (b) 14 : 12 : 13 (a) ` 288 (b) ` 192
(c) 15 : 12 : 16 (d) 10 : 9 : 12 (c) ` 148 (d) ` 144

10
 Ratio, Proportion and Variation l

72. Two numbers are in the ratio 3 : 5. If 9 is subtracted from 78. The ratio between Gloria’s and Sara’s present ages is 4 : 7
each, the new numbers are in the ratio 12 : 23. The small respectively. Two years ago the ratio between their ages
number is [SSC 10+2-2014] was 1 : 2 respectively. What will be Sara’s age three years
(a) 27 (b) 33 hence ? [IBPS Clerk-2012]
(c) 49 (d) 55 (a) 17 years (b) 14 years
73. If x : y = 5 : 2, then (8x + 9y) : (8x + 2y) is [SSC 10+2-2014] (c) 11 years (d) 8 years
(e) None of these
(a) 22 : 29 (b) 26 : 61
79. The respective ratio of salaries of A and B is 8 : 7. If the
(c) 29 : 22 (d) 61 : 26 salary of B increases by 20% and the salary of A increases
74. A is twice as fast as B and B is thrice as fast as C is. The by 21%, the new ratio becomes 121 : 105 respectively. What
journey covered by C in 1½ hours will be covered by A in is A's salary? [IBPS Clerk-2013]
[SSC 10+2-2014] (a) ` 22560 (b) ` 21600
(a) 15 minutes (b) 20 minutes (c) ` 20640 (d) ` 23040
(c) 30 minutes (d) 1 hour (e) Cannot be determined
80. A, B and C started a business by investing ` 12800, ` 16800
x y z and ` 9600 respectively. If after 8 months B received `13125
75. If = = and x + y + z
xa + yb + zc ya + zb + xc xa + xb + yc as his share of profit, what amount did C get as his share of
¹ 0, then each ratio is [SSC 10+2-2014] profit? [IBPS Clerk-2013]
(a) ` 7800 (b) ` 7150
1 1 (c) ` 7750 (d) ` 8250
(a) (b)
a -b-c a +b-c (e) ` 7500
81. 12 yrs hence the ratio between the ages of A and B will be
1 1
(c) (d) 3
a –b+c a +b+c 3 :4 respectively. The present age of A is 3 times of C's
76. In the expression xy 2 , the values of x and y are each 4
decreased by 25%. The value of the expression is decreased present age. If C's present age is 10 yrs, then what is B's
by [SSC 10+2-2014] present age? (in years) [IBPS Clerk-2013]
(a) 48 (b) 46
37 1 (c) 60 (d) 54
(a) of its value (b) of its value
64 2 (e) 36
82. M, N, O and P divided ` 44352 among themselves. M took
27 3
(c) of its value (d) of its value 3 1
64 4 th of the money, N took th of the remaining amount
8 6
77. If the numerator of a fraction is increased by 300% and the
denominator is increased by 200%, the resultant fraction is and rest was divided among O and P in the ratio of 3 : 4
respectively. How much did O get as his share?
4 [IBPS Clerk-2013]
. What is the original fraction ? [IBPS Clerk-2012]
15 (a) ` 9600 (b) ` 10600
(c) ` 10300 (d) ` 8700
3 4 (e) ` 9900
(a) (b)
5 5 83. A and B are two numbers. 6 times of square of B is 540 more
than the square of A. If the respective ratio between A and
2 1 B is 3 : 2, what is the value of B? [IBPS Clerk-2013]
(c) (d)
5 5 (a) 10 (b) 12
(e) None of these (c) 16 (d) 8
(e) 14

Level - II
1. A man completes 5/8 of a job in 10 days. At this rate, how (a) ` 48 (b) ` 64
many more days will it take him to finish the job? (c) ` 96 (d) Cannot be determined
(a) 5 (b) 6 3. Seats of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics in a school
1 are in the ratio 4 : 5 : 6. There is a proposal to increase
(c) 7 (d) 7 these seats by 75 in each department. What were the total
2
number of seats in the school finally?
2. ` 1104 is divided between 3 men, 4 women and 6 boys,
so that the share of a man, a woman and a boy are in the (a) 600 (b) 750
proportion of 3 : 2 : 1. How much does each boy get? (c) 900 (d) None of these

11
 l Ratio, Proportion and Variation 4.

60 kg of an alloy A is mixed with 100 kg of alloy B. If alloy 12. A diamond falls and breaks into three pieces whose
A has lead and tin in the ratio 3 : 2 and alloy B has tin weights are in the ratio 1 : 3 : 6. The value of the diamond
and copper in the ratio 1 : 4, then the amount of tin in the is proportional to the square of its weight. If the original
new alloy is value is ` 30,000, What is the loss in the in the value due
(a) 36 kg (b) 44 kg to the breakage?
(c) 53 kg (d) 80 kg (a) ` 13, 800 (b) ` 16,200
1 1 (c) ` 18, 600 (d) ` 19, 400
5. A, B and C started a business. A invests capital for 13. When a bus started from the first stop, the number of male
2 4
1 1 passengers to the number of female passengers was 3 : 1.
time, B invests capital for time and C invests the At the stop 16 passengers get down and 6 more female
8 2
remaining capital for whole time. Find the share of B in passengers get into. Now the ratio of the male to female
the total profit of ` 9900. passengers becomes 2 : 1. What was the total number of
passengers in the bus when it started from the first stop?
(a) ` 2200 (b) ` 1100
(a) 64 (b) 48
(c) ` 6600 (d) ` 4400
(c) 54 (d) 72
6. Two jars having a capacity of 3 and 5 litres respectively
are filled with mixtures of milk and water. In the smaller jar 14. In three vessels, the ratio of water and milk is 6 : 7, 5 : 9 and
25% of the mixture is milk and in the larger 25% of the 8 : 7, respectively. If the mixtures of the three vessels are
mixture is water. The jars are emptied into a 10 litre cask mixed together, then what will be the ratio of water and
whose remaining capacity is filled up with water. Find the milk?
percentage of milk in the cask. (a) 2431 : 3781 (b) 3691 : 4499
(a) 55% (b) 50% (c) 4381 : 5469 (d) None of these
(c) 45% (d) None of these 15. In two alloys, the ratio of iron and copper is 4 : 3 and 6 : 1,
7. A, B, C subscribe ` 50,000 for a business. A subscribes respectively. If 14 kg of the first alloy and 42 kg of the
` 4000 more than B and ` 5000 more than C. Out of a total second alloy is mixed together to form a new alloy, then
profit of ` 35,000, A receives : what will be the ratio of iron to copper in the new alloy?
(a) ` 8,400 (b) ` 11,900 (a) 11 : 3 (b) 11 : 8
(c) ` 13,600 (d) ` 14,700 (c) 8 : 1 (d) None of these
8. There is a ratio of 5 :4 between two numbers. If 40 percent of 16. Mixture of milk and water has been kept in two separate
the first number is 12 then what would be the 50 percent of containers. Ratio of milk to water in one of the containers is
the second number? 5 : 1 and that in the other container is 7 : 2. In what ratio
should the mixtures of these two containers be added
(a) 12 (b) 24
together so that the quantity of milk in the new mixture may
(c) 18 (d) None of these
become 80%?
1 1 (a) 3 : 2 (b) 2 : 3
9. In a partnership, A invests of the capital for of the time,
6 6 (c) 4 : 5 (d) None of these
1 1 17. Three containers of capacity 20 L, 5 L and 9 L contain mixture
B invests of the capital for of the time and C, the rest of
3 3 of milk and water with milk concentrations 90%, 80% and
the capital for whole time. Find A’s share of the total profit 70% respectively. The contents of three containers are
of ` 2,300. emptied into a large vessel. What is the approximate ratio of
(a) ` 100 (b) ` 200 milk to water in the resultant mixture?
(c) ` 300 (d) ` 400 (a) 3 : 1 (b) 4 : 1
10. A and B rent a pasture for 10 months; A puts in 80 cows for (c) 5 : 1 (d) 2 : 1
7 months. How many can B put in for the remaining 3 months, 18. Ratio of the earnings (in `) of A and B is 4 : 7. If the earnings
if he pays half as much again as A? of A increase by 50% and those of B decrease by 25%, the
(a) 120 (b) 180 new ratio of their earnings becomes 8 : 7. How much is A
(c) 200 (d) 280 earning?
11. The resistance of a wire is proportional to its length and (a) ` 28000 (b) ` 21000
inversely proportional to the square of its radius. Two wires (c) ` 26000 (d) Data inadequate
of the same material have the same resistance and their radii 19. In the famous Bhojpur island, there are four men for every
are in the ratio 9 : 8. If the length of the first wire is 162 cms., three women and five children for every three men. How
find the length of the other. many children are there in the island if it has 531 women?
(a) 64 cm. (b) 120 cm. (a) 454 (b) 1180
(c) 128 cm. (d) 132 cm. (c) 1070 (d) 389

12
 Ratio, Proportion and Variation l

20. If a/b = 1/3, b/c = 2, c/d = 1/2, d/e = 3 and e/f = 1/4, then what 25. If the numerator of a fraction is increased by 20% and
is the value of abc/def ?
(a) 3/8 (b) 27/8 3 the
. What was the original fraction? [IBPS-PO-2013]
(c) 3/4 (d) 27/4 5
denominator is increased by 25%, the fraction obtained is
21. When the numerator and the denominator of a fraction are 5 4
(a) (b)
7 7
2
increased by 1 and 2 respectively, the fraction becomes ,
3 3
(c) (d) Cannot be determined
and when the numerator and the denominator of the same 8
fraction are increased by 2 and 3 respectively, the fraction (e) None of these
5 26. The respective ratio between the present ages of son, mother,
becomes . What is the original fraction? [SBI PO-2011
1]
7 father and grandfather is 2 : 7 : 8 : 12. The average age of son
and mother is 27 yrs. What will be mother's age after 7 yrs?
5 3 [IBPS-PO-2013]
(a) (b)
6 4 (a) 40 yrs (b) 41 yrs
3 6 (c) 48 yrs (d) 49 yrs
(c) (d)
5 7 (e) None of these
(e) None of these 27. The prize money of ` 1,800 is divided among 3 students A,
22. When X is subtracted from the numbers 9,15 and 27, the B and C in such a way that 4 times the share of A is equal to
remainders are in continued proportion. What is the value 6 times the share of B, which is equal to 3 times the share of
of X ? [IBPS-PO-2012] C. Then A’s share is [SSC CGL-2013]
(a) 8 (b) 6 (a) ` 400 (b) ` 600
(c) 4 (d) 5 (c) ` 700 (d) ` 800
(e) None of these 28. A man borrowed some money from a private organisation
23. A certain amount was to be distributed among A, B and C in at 5% simple interest per annum. He lended 50% of this
the ratio 2 :3 :4 respectively, but was erroneously distributed money to another person at 10% compound interest per
in the ratio 7:2:5 respectively. As a result of this, B got `40 annum and thereby the man made a profit of ` 13,205 in 4
less. What is the amount ? [IBPS-PO-2012] years. The man borrowed [SSC CGL-2014]
(a) ` 210/- (b) ` 270/- (a) ` 80,000 (b) ` 1,00,000
(c) ` 230/- (d) ` 280/- (c) ` 1,20,000 (d) ` 1,50,000
(e) None of these 29. A, B and C enter into a partnership with their capitals in the
24. ` 73,689/- are divided between A and B in the ratio 4 : 7. 7 4 6
: : . After 4 months, A increases his share 50%. If the
What is the difference between thrice the share of A and 2 3 5
twice the share of B ? [IBPS-PO-2012] total profit at the end of the year was ` 2,16,000, then B's
(a) ` 36,699/- (b) ` 46,893/- share in the profit was [SSC CGL-2014]
(c) ` 20,097/- (d) ` 26,796/- (a) ` 22,000 (b) ` 24,000
(e) ` 13,398/- (c) ` 30,000 (d) ` 40,000

13
 l Ratio, Proportion and Variation

Hints & Solutions

Level-I 5+ x 7
9. (c) If x is the integer, >
9 + x 10
2ab x 2b
1. (b) x= Þ = \ 50 + 10x > 63 + 7x
a+b a a +b \ 3x > 13
x + a 3b + a 13
Þ = (componendo di videndo) \ x>
x-a b-a 3
x 2a x + b 3a + b 13
Similarly, = Þ = The least integer greater than is 5.
b a +b x-b a -b 3
10. (d) Obviously the ratio is 2 : 3 : 4 : 5
x + a x + b 3b + a 3a + b
\ + = + 5 5
x-a x-a b-a a -b 11. (a) If A’s share is 1, B’s share = ×1=
9 9
(3b + a ) 3a + b 2a - 2b
=- + = =2 7 5 7
a -b a -b a -b C’s share = × = ;
10 9 18
2. (b) Let us represent their shares by the corresponding
letter of their names. 1 æ 5 7 ö 17
A + B = 2C and B + C = 3A. D’s share = ç + ÷=
3 è 9 18 ø 54
Þ A + 3A – C = 2C (since B = 3A – C)
4A = 3C Þ A : C = 3 : 4 5 7 17
\ A:B: C: D=1 : : : = 54 : 30 : 21 : 17.
3X - 5 2 9 18 54
3. (d) Let 3X and 4X be the numbers Þ =
4X - 5 3 54
Þ 9X – 15 = 8X – 10 Þ X = 5 \ A’s share = × 1220 = Rs.540.
122
Þ The required numbers are 15 and 20. 12. (c) If the maximum for each paper is 100, total marks = 500
4. (d) Original Present
Wages 22x 25x 3
and his aggregate = × 500 = 300. which when divided
Number 15y 11y 5
22 x ´ 15 y in the given ratio gives marks 36, 48, 60, 72 and 84 and
6
Ratio of total wages = = so there are 3 subjects in which he gets more than 50.
25 x ´ 11y 5 13. (a) 80% of the total profit is divided in the ratio
If the present bill is ` 5000, the original was ` 6000. 20000 : 24000 : 16000 = 5 : 6 : 4
5. (d) Let x is to be added 80% of total profit = 5x + 6x + 4x = 15x
(11 + x) : (15 + x) = (17 + x) : (23 + x)
15 x
11 + x 17 + x Total profit = = 18.75x
Þ = Þ x =1 80%
15 + x 23 + x \ Share of C in profit = 4x + 20% of 18.75x
6. (b) Let r be the 4th proportional. = 4x + 3.75x = 7.75x
Share of A in profit = 5x
12 X 3 8a 3 X
Then 2
= Þ r = 6a 4 Share of B in profit = 6x
9aX r \ (6x + 5x) – 7.75x = 487.50
7. (a) The 100 acres should no be divided between Sunanda 3.25x = 487.50 Þ x = 150
and Ansuya in the ratio \ Total profit = 18.75 × 150 = ` 2812.50.
14. (a) Let the prices of two houses A and B be ` 4x and
1 1
: i.e. 5 : 4 ` 5x, respectively for the last year.
4 5 Then, the prices of A this year = ` (1.25 × 4x) and that
500 400 of B = ` (5x + 50,000)
So, Sunanda gets acres and Ansuya gets This year, Ratio of their prices = 9 : 10
9 9
a 9
1.25 ´ 4 x 9
= = 3 : 2 = 15 :10 \ =
8. (d) 5 x + 50, 000 10
b 6
Þ 50 x - 45 x = 450000 Þ 5x = 4,50,000
b 10
= = 10 : 9 Þ x = 90,000
c 9
Hence, the price of A last year was
Hence, a : b : c = 15 : 10 : 9 4x = ` 3,60,000
14
 Ratio, Proportion and Variation l

15. (b) Let the length and breadth of the rectangular room be
3 3
l and b. 21. (b) 18 carat gold = pure gold = ´ 24
4 4
l+4 4 = 18 carat pure gold
We have, =
b+4 3
5 5
Þ 3 l + 12 = 4b + 16 20 carat gold = pure gold = ´ 24
6 6
Þ 3 l – 4b = 4 ...(1)
= 20 carat pure gold
l-4 2 \ Required ratio = 18 : 20 = 9 : 10
Again, we have = Þ l - 4 = 2b - 8
b-4 1 y y+x
Þ l - 2b = -4 22. (c) We have, =
...(2) x- z z
l
Solving (1) and (2), we get = 12 and b = 8.
Þ yz = xy + x - yz - xz
2
....(1)
16. (b) Let A, B and C be the first, second and third nos.
respectively. x y
= Þ x - xz = y
2 2
Then, A : B = 2 : 3 and B : C = 5 : 8 Also, ...(2)
y x-z
Consider, A : B = 2 : 3 = 2 × 5 : 3 × 5 = 10 : 15
and B : C = 5 : 8 = 5 × 3 : 8 × 3 = 15 : 24 From (1) and (2), we have
\ A : B : C = 10 : 15 : 24 yz = xy - yz + y 2
Let the required number be 10x, 15x and 24x.
Þ 2 yz = xy + y
2
Given, sum of three numbers = 98
Then, \ 2z = x + y ...(3)
\ 10x + 15x + 24x = 98 Checking with the options, we find that the values
Þ 49x = 98 Þ x = 2 given in option c satisfies the equation (3)
Þ Second number = 15x = 15 × 2 = 30 23. (d) Increased ratio of their respective salaries
17. (b) Given, ratio of numbers is 3 : 4
\ The numbers are 3x and 4x. 150 160 150
= 3´ : 5´ :7´
Now, according to the question 100 100 100

16 x 2 = 8(3x)2 - 224 9 21
= :8: = 9 :16 : 21
2 2
Þ 16 x 2 = 72 x 2 - 224 Þ 56 x 2 = 224
24. (b) Let the no. of the boys and girls that appeared in the
Þ x=2 examination be x and y, respectively.
\ Required numbers = 6, 8
18. (c) Let the third type of tea is priced at ` x per kg. Also 71x + 73 y
Now, 71.8 =
suppose that the three types of tea mixed together are x+ y
l, l and 2 kg,respectively. Þ 71.8x + 71.8y = 71x + 73y
126 ´ 1 + 135 ´ 1 + 2x Þ (71.8 – 71) x = (73 – 71.8) y Þ 0.8 x = 1.2 y
Now, = 153
1+ 1+ 2 x 1.2 3
Þ = =
261 + 2 x y 0.8 2
Þ = 153 Þ 261 + 2x = 612
4 25. (b) In first cask,
351 7
Þ x= = ` 175.5 per kg. Quantity of water = ´ 48 = 16.8L
2 20
13
3 Quantity of wine = ´ 48 = 31.2L
19. (b) Quantity of milk = ´ 45 = 27 litres 20
5 In second cask,
2 17
Quantity of water = ´ 45 = 18 litres Quantity of water = ´ 42 = 20.6L
5 35
Let x litres of water be added to make the ratio 9 : 11. 18
Quantity of wine = ´ 42 = 21.6L
35
18 + x 11
\ = Þ 18 + x = 33 Þ x =15l Now after mixing:
27 9 Total quantity of wine = 52.8 L
20. (d) Radius of the two pipes are 1 cm and 2 cm. Quantity of water = 57.2 L
Square of the radii of the pipes are 1 and 4. 52.8 528 12
Ratio after mixing = = =
1 57.2 572 13
\ Required ratio of rates of flow in the two pipes = 1 : = 12 : 13.
4
=4:1

15
 l Ratio, Proportion and Variation

26. (a) Acid Solution Acid Solution \125 :150 ::35: x Þ 125 ´ x = 150 ´ 35
(x) (y)
150 ´ 35
90 97 Þx= Þ x = 42.
125
Hence, the remaining food will last for 42 days.
95
2
30. (b) Quantity of milk = ´ 45 = 30 L
3
2 5
\ Amount of the solution x and y in ratio 2 : 5 1
Quantity of water = ´ 45 = 15 L
2 3
Amount of acid in solution x = ´ 21 = 6L
7 Let the required quantity of water to be added be x
5 litre.
Amount of acid in solution y = ´ 21 = 15L
7 30 3
Then, =
15 + x 2
6L acid in x and 15L in Y
Þ 3 (15 + x) = 30 × 2 = 60
27. (b) Profit ratio = 10 : 3 Þ x = 5L
Time ratio = t1 : t2
Cost ratio = 550 : 330 2 40 A 2 B 2 A 2B
31. (c) Let 40% of A = B . Then, = Û =
550 t1 : 330 t2 = 10 : 3 3 100 3 5 3
550t1 10 A æ2 5ö 5
= Û =ç ´ ÷ =
330t2 3 B è3 2ø 3
t1 \ A:B=5:3
=2 32. (c) Less leaves, less cost
t2
(Direct Proportion)
given t1 = 12 months
More lines, more cost (Direct Proportion)
Þ t2 = 6 months
Less words, less cost (Direct Proportion)
28. (c) Let the profit = x
9x x leaves 320 : 297ü
Profit of A = , Remaining profit = ï
10 10 lines 21: 28 ý ::19 : x
words 11:10 ïþ
x
Profit of B =
20 \ 320 × 21 ×11 ×x = 297 × 28 × 10 × 19
x 171 3
Profit of C = Þx= = 21
20 8 8
33. (a) Ratio of capitals of A, B and C
9 1 1 = (15000 × 3) : (40000 × 9) : (30000 × 6)
Ratio of profit = : :
10 20 20 =1:8:4
= 18 : 1 : 1
A’s income is increased by ` 270 . When profit rises 3% æ8 ö
B's share = ` ç ´ 7800 ÷ = ` 4800
è 13 ø
270
Investment of A = ´ 100 = ` 9000. 34. (d) Let the third proportional to (x2 – y2) and (x – y) be
3 z. Then,
If investment of A, B and C = 18x, x and x (x2 – y2) : (x – y) : : (x – y) : z Û (x2 – y2) × z
18x = 9000
x = 500 ( x - y )2 ( x - y)
= (x – y)2 Û z = =
B investment = ` 500. 2
(x - y ) 2 ( x + y)
C investment = ` 500.
1 1 1
29. (c) After 10 days : 150 men had food for 35 days. 35. (b) Ratio of sides = : : =6:4:3
Suppose 125 men had food for x days. Now, 2 3 4
Less men, More days (Indirect Proportion) æ 6ö
Then, Largest side = ç 104 ´ ÷ cm = 48 cm
è 13 ø
men days
36. (a) Sum invested by A, B and C is
150 35
125 x 5 × 12 : 7 × 12 : 6 × 6 + 3 × 6
or, 60 : 84 : 54 or, 10 : 14 : 9

16
 Ratio, Proportion and Variation l

9 x-2 1
[ Share of C = ´ 33,000 < ` 9,000 Now, = Þ 3x - 6 = 2 x - 2
33 2x - 2 3
Þx=4
4 ´ 135 \ Total number of people originally present
37. (d) Required ratio = = 9 :10
5 ´ 120 = 4 + 8 = 12
100 47. (a) Let number of each type of coin = x. Then,
38. (b) Number of females = 156800 × = 196000
80 1 × x + .50 × x + .25 x = 35
7 Þ 1.75x = 35 Þ x = 20 coins
[ Number of males = × 196000 = 171500
8 48. (b) In a year, for A, total amount as a remuneration
[ Total population = 196000 + 171500 = 367500 = 10 ×12 = ` 120
39. (a) Let C's investment = ` x. \ Amount of A’s profit = 390 – 120 = ` 270
B's investment = ` (x – 3000) Ratio of investment = 3 : 4
A's investment = ` (x – 3000 + 6000) = ` (x + 3000)
Let total profit = ` x
Now, (A + B + C)'s investment = ` 72000 Then, B’s profit = ` (x – 270)
Þ x +(x –3000) + (x + 3000) = 72000
Þ 3x = 72000 Þ x = 24000 3
\ ´ x = 270 Þ x = 630
Hence, A's investment = ` 27000 3+ 4
B 's investment = ` 21000 \ B’s profit = 630 – 270 = ` 360
C's investment = ` 24000 49. (c) Let x = 5
Ratio of the capitals of A, B and C Then f (x) = 6/4 = 1.5 = y
= 27000 : 21000 : 24000 And f (y) = 2.5/0.5 = 5.
=9:7:8 Thus, the ratio of x : f (y) = 1 : 1
æ 9 ö Note: Even if you take some other value of y, you
A's share = ` ç ´ 8640 ÷ = ` 3240 would still get the same answer.
è 24 ø 50. (b) The given condition has a, b and c symmetrically
40. (b) A : B : C = (40000 × 36) : (80000 × 12 + 40000 × 24) placed. Thus, if we use a = b = c = 2 (say) we get each
: (120000 × 24 + 40000 × 12) fraction as 1/2.
= 144 : 192 : 336 = 3 : 4 : 7 51. (d) 1 : 2 = 3 : 6, so (a2 + b2)/(c2 + d2) = 5/45 = 1/9
41. (c) Let the incomes of two companies A and B be 5x and From the given options, only ab/cd gives us this value.
8x respectively. 52. (c) 5 : 4 ® 5 : 4.8 ® 25 : 24
From the question, Option (c) is correct.
5 x + 25 5 53. (c) Since A : B = 3 : 4 …(1)
= Þ 20x + 100 = 40x \ x = 5 B:C=5:6 …(2)
8x 4
and C : D = 7 : 5 …(3)
\ Income of company B = 8x = ` 40 lakh
Therefore, by, proportionating, (1) and (2)
42. (b) Ratio of Abhishek and Sudin for one month
A : B = 3 × 5 : 4 × 5 = 15 : 20
= (50,000 × 36) + (30,000 × 24) : (70,000 × 24)
B : C = 20 : 24 and C : D = 7 : 5
= (18,00,000 + 7,20,000) : 16,80,000 = 3 : 2
Hence, A : B : C = 15 : 20 : 24 …(4)
Hence share of Sudin in the profit earned from the
Now, A : B : C = 15 × 7 : 20 × 7 : 24 × 7
business.
= 105 : 140 : 168
87, 500 \ C : D = 24 × 7 : 24 × 5 = 168 : 120
= × 2 = ` 35,000.
(3 + 2) [By proportionating (3) and (4)]
Hence, A : B : C : D = 105 : 140 : 168 : 120
43. (a) In 1 kg mixture quantity of iron = 200 gm
Hence, C gets the maximum share.
Let x gm sand should be added, then
54. (d) Let the present age of A = x and B = y years
10% of (1000 + x) = 200
According to first condition
[ x = 1000 gm = 1 kg
44. (c) Suppose B joined after x months. x -7 3
= Þ 4 x - 28 = 3 y - 21Þ 4 x - 3 y = 7 ........ (i)
Then, 21000 × 12 = 36000 × (12 – x) Û 36x = 180 y -7 4
Û x = 5.
According to second condition
Hence, B joined after 5 months.
45. (b) Let the first and the second numbers be x and y respect x+9 7
= Þ 8x + 72 = 7 y + 63
then y+9 8
y + 30% of x = 140% of y
or, y + 0.3x = 1.4y Þ 7y – 8x = 9 ......... (ii)
or, 0.3x = 0.4y 8 x - 6 y =14
\ x : y = 0.4 : 0.3 = 4 : 3 7 y - 8x =9
46. (c) Let number of ladies = x
then, number of gents = 2x y = 23 years.

17
 l Ratio, Proportion and Variation

55. (b) Let present age of father, mother and daughter be

æ3 6ö
7x, 6x, 2x B ç + 1 + ÷ = 730
6x – 2x = 24 è4 7ø
4x = 24 730 ´ 28
x=6 B= = 280
73
Father age = 7x = 42 years.
56. (d) Let total number of students in college A = 3x 6 6
C= ´ B = ´ 280 = 240
and total number of students in college B = 4x 7 7
After 50 more students join college A B exceeds that of C by (280 – 240) = ` 40
3x + 50 5 125 x 5
New Ratio = = 62. (c) x=x+ y or = or x : y = 5 : 4
4x 6 100 y 4
Þ 18 x + 300 = 20 x
Þ 2x = 300 75 y 3
y= z or = or y : z = 3 : 4
300 100 z 4
Þ x= = 150
2
Total number of students in college
B = 4x = 4 × 150 = 600
57. (c) Let ‘x’ be the total sum of money.
2 Then, x: y: z is equal to 15: 12: 16
Money received by A = ´x 63. (d) 10% of x = 20% of y
7
2 10 20
´ x Þ x = ` 350 x= y
Þ 100 = 100 100
7
5 x = 2y
\ Money received by B = ´ 350 = ` 250
7 x 2
58. (c) 7S + 3D + 5N = ` 12600 ... (1) or =
y 1
According to Question
D = 3N or x : y = 2 : 1
S = 7N 64. (a) boys : girls girls : teacher
Putting these values in equation (1) 4 : 3 8 : 1
49 N + 9N + 5N = 12600
So, boys : girls : teacher
Þ 63N = 12600
4 : 3
Þ N = 200
Each daughter’s share 8 : 1
= 3 × Nephew’s share 32 : 24 : 3
= 3 × 200 = ` 600
So, Student : teacher
æ 2 3 5ö æ1 2 3ö Þ (boys + girls) : teacher
59. (b) Required ratio = ç + + ÷ : ç + + ÷ (32 + 24) : 3
è3 5 8ø è3 5 8ø
56 : 3
æ 80 + 72 + 75 ö æ 40 + 48 + 45 ö 65. (d) A : B = 5 : 3
=ç
120 ÷:ç 120 ÷ = 227 : 133 B: C= 4 :5
è ø è ø
x 2 2 4 A : B : C
60. (a) = ; = 5 : 3
y 3 x 8
x= 4 4 : 5
20 : 12 : 15
3 3
y= x = ´4= 6
2 2 12
No. of runs scored by B = ´ 564 = 144
A 3 B 3.5 7 47
61. (b) = ; = =
B 4 C 3 6 A 5 6
and A + B + C = 730 66. (d) = Þ B= A ...(1)
B 6 5
3 6
B + B + B = 730 A+2 7
4 7 = Þ 8A + 16 = 7B + 14 Þ 7B – 8A = 2 ...(2)
B+2 8

18
 Ratio, Proportion and Variation l

From (1) and (2), A = 5, B = 6

x 5
73. (c) =
5 + 12 17 y 2
=
6 + 12 18
67. (c) Suppose, B Joined after x month x 9y 5
8 + 8´ + 9
Then B's money was invested for (12 – x) months 8x + 9y y y 2 29
= = =
\ According to question 8x + 2y x 2y 5 22
8 + 8´ + 2
64000 ´ 12 2 y y 2
=
48000 ´ (12 - x) 1 74. (a) Let C’s speed = x km/h
Then, B’s speed = 3x km/h
16 2
= Þ 16 = 24 – 2x and A’s speed = 6x km/h
12 - x 1 Ratio of speeds of A, B, C = 6x : 3x : x = 6 : 3 : 1
2x = 24 – 16 = 8 Þ x = 4
Hence, B joined after 4 months 1 1
Ratio of time taken = : :1
6 3
2y x 4 =1:2:6
- 2-
4 y y 4 5 = 4 + 6 =1 C takes 90 minutes
68. (c) + = +
7 2y x 7 2 + 4 7 14 Hence, 6x = 90
+
y y 5 x = 15 minutes
Hence, A should take 15 minutes.
69. (c) Let original property worth ` x 75. (d)
x 76. (a) K = xy2
Property left for Ram’s widow = K¢ = (x – 25% of x) (y – 25% of y)2
3
2
3 2x 2x æ 3x öæ 3y ö 27 2
Property left for his daughter = ´ = = ç ÷ç ÷ = xy
5 3 5 4
è øè ø 4 64

æ x 2x ö 4x æ 27 ö
Remaining property = x - ç + ÷ = Value decreased by K – K¢ = ç 1 - ÷ xy2
è 3 5 ø 15 è 64 ø
4x 37 2
= 6, 400 = xy
15 64
6, 400 ´15 x
Þ x= = 24, 000 77. (d) Let the original fraction be .
4 y
70. (a) A : B = 5 : 4, B : C = 8 : 9 According to the question
A : B : C = 5 × 8 : 4 × 8 : 4 × 9 = 40 : 32 : 36
A : B : C = 10 : 8 : 9 x ´ 400 4
\ =
9 y ´ 300 15
Share of C in the profit = ´ 3600 = ` 1,200
10 + 8 + 9 x 4 3 1
Þ = ´ =
1 1 1 y 15 4 5
71. (d) : : =6:4:3
2 3 4 78. (a) Let Gloria’s and Sara’s present ages be 4x and 7x years
respectively.
3 Two years ago,
Share of third friend = ´ 624
6+4+3
4x - 2 1
=
3 7x - 2 2
= ´ 624 = ` 144
13 Þ 8x – 4 = 7x – 2
72. (b) Let two numbers be 3x and 5x Þ x=2
3x - 9 12 \ Sara’s age three years hence = 7x + 3
= = 17 years
5x - 9 23
23(3x – 9) = 12(5x – 9) A 's salary 8
79. (e) =
69x – 207 = 60x – 108 B's salary 7
9x = 99 A’s salary = 8x
x = 11 B’s salary = 7x
Hence, the small number will be 3 ×11 = 33

19
 l Ratio, Proportion and Variation

21 Level-II
Now, A’s salary = 8x + 8x ´ = 8x + 1.68x = 9.68x
100
5 æ 5ö 3
20 1. (b) Work done = . Balance work = ç 1 - ÷ = .
Now B’s salary = 7x + 7x ´ = 7x + 1.4x = 8.4x 8 è 8ø 8
100
Less work, Less days (Direct Proportion)
9.68x 121 Let the required number of days be x. Then,
=
8.4x 105 Work days
9.68 121 5/8 10
=
8.4 105
3/8 x
Here x is cancelled. So, salary of A can’t be calculated.
80. (e) A’s investment = 12800 5 3 5 3
Then, : ::10: x Þ ´ x = ´ 10
B’s investment = 16800 8 8 8 8
C’s investment = 9600
æ3 8ö
B’s profit = 13125 Þ x = ç ´10 ´ ÷ = 6 .
Investment ratio è8 5ø
A : B : C = 128 : 168 : 96 = 16 : 21 : 12 2. (a) Let each boy gets x, so the women gets 2x and a
A, B and C profit 16x, 21x, 12x man gets 3x.
21x = 13125 Now, (3 × 3x) + (4 × 2x) + (6 × x) = 1104
x = 625 Þ 23x = 1104 Þ x = 48
C’s profit = 12x = 12 ×625 = 7500 \ Each boy gets ` 48.
A + 12 3 3. (d) Let the number of seats in Physics, Chemistry and
81. (d) = Mathematics be 4x, 5x and 6x.
B + 12 4
New ratio of seats = (4x + 75) : (5x + 75) : (6x + 75)
15 \ The given data is insufficient.
A= C
4
æ 2ö
15 4. (b) Quantity of tin in 60 kg of A = ç 60 ´ ÷ kg = 24 kg
A= ´ 10 = 37.5 è 5ø
4
æ 1ö
37.5 + 12 3 Quantity of tin in 100 kg of B = ç100 ´ ÷ kg = 20 kg
= è 5ø
B + 12 4
B = 54 Quantity of tin in the new alloy = (24 + 20) kg = 44 kg.

3 æ 1 1ö 5 3
82. (e) M’s share = 44352 ´ = 16632 5. (b) C's capital = 1 - ç + ÷ = 1 - =
8 è 2 8ø 8 8
Remaining after M’s share = 27720 Ratio of capitals of A, B and C
1 æ1 1ö æ1 1ö æ3 ö
N’s share = 27720 ´ = 4620 = ç ´ ÷ : ç ´ ÷ : ç ´1÷
6 è2 4ø è8 2ø è8 ø
Remaining after M & N’s share = 23100
1 1 3
O 3 3 = : : =2:1:6
= Þ O’s share = 23100 ´ = 9900 8 16 8
P 4 7
83. (b) 6B2 = A2 + 540 æ1 ö
B's share = ` ç ´ 9900 ÷ = ` 1100
A 3 è 9 ø
=
B 2 6. (c) There will be a total of 4.5 litres of milk (25% of 3 +
75% of 5) giving a total of 4.5. Hence , 45%.
3B
A= 7. (d) Let C = x. Then, B = x + 5000 and
2 A = x + 5000 + 4000 = x + 9000.
So, x + x + 5000 + x + 9000 = 50000 Û 3x = 36000
9B 2
6B2 = + 540 Û x = 12000.
4
A : B : C = 21000 : 17000 : 12000 = 21 : 17 : 12
3.75 B2 = 540
B= æ 21 ö
144 = 12 \ A's share = ` ç 35000 ´ ÷ = ` 14,700.
è 50 ø

20
 Ratio, Proportion and Variation l

2
At the first stop, the number of male passengers
a 5 4
8. (a) = ,b= a Given (40% of a =) a = 12
b 4 5 5 3
= (4 x - 16) ´ = 3 x - 12
4
4
\ a = 5 × 6 and b = × 5 × 6 = 24
5 1
and female passengers = (4 x - 16) ´ + 6 = x + 2
4
24
\ 50% of b = = 12 3 x - 12 2
2 =
Now, Þ 3 x - 12 = 2 x + 4 Þ x = 16
x+2 1
(a) Remaining capital = 1 - æç + ö÷ =
1 1 1
9. Hence, the total numbers of passengers, initially
è 6 3ø 2 = 16 × 4 = 64
Ratio of their profit 14. (b) Water Milk Total.
1 é1 ù 1 é1 ù 1 1st vessel 6 7 13
= ´ ê ´ 12ú : ´ ê ´12ú : ´12 2nd vessel 5 9 14
6 ë6 û 3 ë3 û 2
3rd vessel 8 7 15
1 4 LCM of 13, 14 & 15 = 2730
= : : 6 = 1: 4 :18
3 3 Increase value of total to 2730 as follows.
1 1st vessel 1260 1470 2730
\ A’s share = ´ 2300 = ` 100 2nd vessel 975 1755 2730
1 + 4 + 18
3rd vessel 1456 1274 2730
10. (d) Let B puts = x cows
Total 3691 4499 8190
3
then amount paid by B = ´ amount paid by A . 3691
2 \ Required ratio =
4499
80 ´ 7 amount paid by A 15. (a) Iron Copper
\ =
x ´ 3 3/2 × amount paid by A Alloy I 8 : 6 14 kg.
Alloy II 36 : 6 42 kg.
80 ´ 7 ´ 3 44 : 12 56 kg
Þx= = 280 cows
3´2 16. (b) Let x and y be two containers.
11. (c) If R is the resistance, l is the length and r is the radius. Ratio of milk to water in container x = 5 : 1
and ratio of milk to water in container y = 7 : 2
l
Ra 2 It is given that quantity of milk should be 80% in new
r mixture. This means that quantity of water will be 20%
that quantity of water will be 20%
kl
\R= 2 (where k is a constant) \ Ratio of milk to water in new mixture = 80 : 20 = 4 :1.
r
5 7 1 2y
\ x+ y: x+ = 4 :1
k ´ 162 6 9 6 9
R1 81
\ = ; But R1 = R2. 5x 7 y
R2 k ´l +
64 Þ 6 9 =4
x 2y 1
+
k ´ 162 l 162 l 6 9
\ =k× \ =
81 64 81 64
15 x + 14 y 4
\ l = 128 cms. Þ = Þ 15 x + 14 y = 12 x + 16 y
12. (b) Let the weight of the three pieces be x, 3x and 6x 3x + 4 y 1
and value (V) a square of W Þ 3x = 2 y Þ x : y = 2 : 3
V 30000 17. (c) In first container,
V a W2 Þ = constant =
W2 (10x )2 90
= 18L
Quantity of milk = 20 ×
\ loss due to breakage 100
Quantity of water = 2L
30000 (10 x ) - ( x ) + (6 x)2
2 2
3000 x54 x 2 In second container,
= =
= 16200
(10 x) 2 100 x 2 80
Quantity of milk = 5 × = 4L
13. (a) Let initially, the number of males and females in the 100
bus be 3x and x, respectively. Quantity of water = 1 L
\ Total no. of passengers = 4x

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l Ratio, Proportion and Variation

In third container, 23. (a) Let amount of B = ` x

70 B’s ratio
Quantity of milk = 9 × = 6.3L B’s Share without error = ´ Total Amount
100 Total ratio
Quantity of water = 2.7 L 3
After mixing : x= ´ Total Amount ...(1)
9
total milk = 18 + 4 + 6.3 = 28.3 L
total water = 2 + 1 + 2.7 = 5.7 L B’s new ratio
Ratio milk and water after B’s share after error = ´ Total Amount
Total new ratio
mixing = 28. 3 L : 5.7 L = 5 : 1 (approx)
18. (d) Ratio of earning of A and B is 4 : 7 2
x – 40 = ´ Total Amount ...(2)
A earning = ` 4x . 14
B earning = ` 7x From equations, (1) and (2)
A earning increase by 50% 3x = 7(x–40)
3x – 7x = –280
50
Now, A earning = 4 x + 4 x ´ = 6x \ x = 70
100 Total Amount = 7 (70 – 40) = ` 210
B earning decreases by 25% 24. (e) A and B ratio is 4 : 7
25 21x Þ 4x + 7x = 73689
Now B earning = 7 x - 7 x ´ = Þ 11x = 73689
100 4
Þ x = 6699
6x Share of A = 4x = ` 26796
Now, Ratio = =8:7
21x Share of B = 7x = ` 46893
4 Difference = twice of share B – thrice of share A
Data inadequate = 2 × 46893 – 3 × 26796 = ` 13398
19. (b) Women : Men = 3 : 4
Men : Children = 3 : 5 x
25. (e) Let fraction be y .
® Women : Men : Children = 9 : 12 : 20
In the ratio, 9 ® 531 Women
Thus, 20 ® 1180 children. x ´ 120% 3
\ According to the question, =
20. (a) a : b : c = 2 : 6 : 3 y ´125% 5
a : b : c : d : e : f = 6 : 18 : 9 : 18 : 6 : 24
abc/def = 3/8 x 3 125 5
Þ = ´ =
y 5 120 8
x +1 2
21. (b) = Þ 3x - 2y = 1 26. (d) Total age of son and mother
y+2 3
2x + 7x = 2 × 27
x+2 5 9x = 54
= Þ 7x - 5y = 1 x= 6
y+3 7
\ Mother’s age after 7 yr = 7x + 7 = 7 × 6 + 7 = 49 yrs]
x 3 27. (b) 4A = 6B Þ 2A = 3B Þ A : B = 3 : 2
or, 3x – 2y = 7x – 5y Þ 3y = 4x Þ = B = 3C Þ 2 B = C Þ B : C = 1 : 2
y 4
22. (e) 9, 15, 27 A : B : C
9 – x , 15 – x, 27 – x 3 : 2
1 : 2
15 - x 27 - x 3 : 2 : 4
=
9 - x 15 - x
Þ (15 – x)2 = (27 – x) (9 – x) 3 3
Þ 225 + x2 – 30x = 243 – 9x – 27x +x2 A’s share = (3 + 2 + 4) ´ 1800 = 9 ´ 1800 = 600
Þ –30x + 9x + 27x = 243 –225
28. (b) 29. (d)
Þ 6x = 18 Þ x = 3

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