Editor in Chief
Joel A. Kaplan, MD
Professor of Anesthesiology
University of California, San Diego
San Diego, California
Associate Editor in Chief
John G.T. Augoustides, MD, FASE, FAHA
Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Associate Editors
Gerard R. Manecke, Jr, MD
Cardiac Anesthesia
Professor of Anesthesiology
University of California
San Diego, California
Harish Ramakrishna, MD
Cardiac Anesthesia
Professor of Anesthesiology
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Vice Chair - Research
Department of Anesthesiology
Pheonix, Arizona
Peter Slinger, MD
Thoracic Anesthesia
Professor of Anaesthesia
The University of Toronto
The Toronto Hospital
Toronto, Ontario Canada
Section Editors
John G.T. Augoustides, MD, FASE, FAHA
Review Articles
Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Giovanni Landoni, MD
Review Articles
Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
Vita-Salute University of Milano
IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
Robert B. Schonberger, MD, MHS
Review Articles
Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and
Associate Director for Clinical Research
Department of Anesthesiology
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Gerard R. Manecke, Jr, MD
Emerging Technology Reviews
Professor of Anesthesiology
University of California
San Diego, California
Dean Emeritus, School of Medicine
Former Chancellor, Health Sciences Center
Professor of Anesthesiology
University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
Fabio Guarracino, MD Timothy Maus, MD
Vascular Anesthesia & Critical Care Perioperative Echocardiography
Medicine Director of Cardiac Anesthesia
EACTA President Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology
Director, Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia and Director of Perioperative
ICU Echocardiography
Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of California, San Diego
Pisa, Italy California
Feroze Mahmood, MD Alexander J.C. Mittnacht, MD
Perioperative Echocardiography Congenital Heart Disease
Professor of Anesthesiology Professor of Anesthesiology
Director, Cardiac Anesthesia and Director, Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia
Echocardiography Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Beth Israel Medical Center, Boston New York, New York
Massachusetts
Mark A. Chaney, MD
Case Conferences
Professor, Director of Cardiac Anesthesia
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Victor C. Baum, MD
Case Conferences
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Silver Spring, Maryland
Adjunct Professor, Anesthesiology and Critical
Care Medicine and Pediatrics
George Washington University
Washington, DC
Michelle Capdeville, MD
Pro and Con
Program Director
Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Fellowship
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio
Harish Ramakrishna, MD, FASE, FACC
Expert Reviews
Professor of Anesthesiology
Vice Chair, Research, Mayo Clinic
Phoenix, Arizona
Menachem M. Weiner, MD Dalia A. Banks, MD
Expert Reviews Cardiac Anesthesia Fellow’s Education (CAFE)
Associate Professor of Anesthesiology Vice Chair Cardiac Anesthesia
Director, Adult Cardiac Anesthesia Associate Professor, Anesthesiology
Icahn School of Medicine University of California, San Diego, California
Mt. Sinai Medical Center
Aryeh Shander, MD, FCCM, FCCP
New York, New York
Supplements
Paul S. Pagel, MD, PhD Chief, Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine
Diagnostic Dilemmas Englewood Hospital and Medical Center,
Professor and Director of Cardiac Anesthesia Englewood, New Jersey
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Bodil S. Rasmussen, MD
Supplements
Frederick C. Cobey, MD, MPH, FASE EACTA Past President
E-Challenges & Clinical Decisions
Department of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Anesthesia
Chief, Cardiac Anesthesiology
Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
George Silvay, MD, PhD
Sharon L. McCartney, MD Cardiac Calendar and International Affairs
E Challenges & Clinical Decisions Professor of Anesthesiology
Assistant Professor Department of Anesthesiology Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,
Duke University Health System Durham, NC New York, New York

Statistics Editors
Sajid Shahul, MD, MPH Jay C. Horrow, MD, MS, FACC
Associate Professor Professor, Anesthesiology, Physiology, Pharmacology and
Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine Epidemiology & Biostatistics
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
Giovanni Landoni, MD
Associate Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
Vita-Salute University of Milano
IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy

Editorial Assistants
Norma G. Kaplan Daniel W. Alkofer, PhD Beth Withrow
Encinitas, California Louisville, Kentucky San Diego, California

Editors
Shamsuddin Akhtar, MD Elliott Bennett-Guerrero, MD Javier H. Campos, MD
Associate Professor Professor and Vice Chair, Clinical Research Professor and Vice-Chair of Clinical Affairs
Department of Anesthesiology and and Innovation Director of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia
Pharmacology Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesia
Yale University Stony Brook Medicine University of Iowa Health Care
New Haven, Connecticut Stony Brook, New York Iowa City, Iowa
Ottavio Alfieri, MD Dominique Anne Bettex, MD Alain Carpentier, MD, PhD
Department of Cardiac Surgery Associate Professor Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery
S. Raffaele Hospital Head of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou
Milan, Italy Intensive Care Paris, France, and
University Hospital Zurich Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,
R. Peter Alston MB ChB, MD, Zurich, Switzerland New York, New York
FRCA, FFPFRCA EACTA Representative
Murali Chakravarthy, MD
Department of Anaesthesia Himani V. Bhatt, DO, MPA Chief Consultant
Royal Infirmary Assistant Professor Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain
Edinburgh, United Kingdom Department of Anesthesiology Relief Fortis Hospitals, Bangalore
Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai Karnataka, India
Michael Andritsos, MD New York, New York
Associate Professor, Anesthesiology Davy C.H. Cheng, MD, MSc,
The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Daniel Bolliger, MD FRCPC
Assistant Professor of Anesthesia Professor and Chairman
Ulku Aypar, MD University Hospital Basel Department of Anesthesia and
Professor, Hacettepe University Hospital Basel, Switzerland Perioperative Medicine
Ankara, Turkey University of Western Ontario
T. Andrew Bowdle, MD, PhD, London, Ontario, Canada
Daniel Bainbridge, MD, FRCPC FASE
Professor, Anesthesiology and Professor of Anesthesiology and Albert Cheung, MD
Perioperative Medicine Pharmaceutics Professor of Anesthesiology
Western University Canada University of Washington Stanford University
London, Canada Seattle, Washington Palo Alto, California
Stephen Barker, MD, PhD Kelly Byrne, MBChB, FANZCA Joanna Chikwe, MD
Professsor of Anesthesiology Consultant Anaesthetist Associate Professor, Cardiothoracic Surgery
University of Arizona, Waikato Hospital Stoney Brooke Medical Center
Tucson, Arizona Hamilton, New Zealand Stoney Brook, New York
André Coetzee, MD, PhD
Professor
Department of Anesthesiology and
Critical Care
University of Stellenbosch
Tygerberg, South Africa
Edmond Cohen, MD
Director of Thoracic Anesthesia
Professor, Department of
Anesthesiology
Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,
New York, New York
Joelle M. Coletta, MD, FACS
Associate Professor of Surgery
University of California, San Diego
Chief, Cardiothoracic Surgery Section
VA San Diego Healthcare System
San Diego, California
Brett Cronin, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
University of California
San Diego, California
Adam A. Dalia, MD, MBA
Division of Cardiac Anesthesiology
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
Stefan G. De Hert, MD, PhD
Department of Anesthesiology
University Hospital Ghent
University of Ghent
Ghent, Belgium
Eric E.C. de Waal, MD, PhD
Department of Anesthesiology
Division of Anesthesiology
Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine
UMC Utrecht
The Netherlands
EACTA Representative
Andre Y. Denault, MD, PhD
Professor of Anesthesia
Montreal Heart Institute
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Dawn Desiderio, MD
Professor and Vice Chair
Department of Anesthesiology
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York
Wulf Dietrich, MD
Associate Professor, Institute of
Anesthesiology
German Heart Center, Munich, Germany
Benjamin Drenger, MD
Professor of Anesthesiology
Hadassah University Hospital at Mount
Scopus
Jerusalem, Israel
Jorg Ender, MD
EACTA Subspecialty Coordinator
Director, Department of Anesthesiology
and Intensive Care
Heart Center, University of Leipzig
Leipzig, Germany
Gabor Erdoes, MD, PhD
Vice Director, Cardiovascular Anesthesia
Inselspital, University of Bern
Bern, Switzerland
Michael K. Essandoh, MD
Associate Director, Clinical Research
Associate Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
Ohio State University Medical Center
Columbus, Ohio
Adam S. Evans, MD, MBA Jordan E. Goldhammer, MD
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
Department of Anesthesiology Thomas Jefferson University
Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
New York, New York
Eugene M. Golts, MD
Michael Fabbro II, DO Assistant Professor of Cardiovascular and
Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology Thoracic Surgery
University of Miami University of California, San Diego
Miami, Florida San Diego, California
David Faraoni, MD, PhD, FCCP Stephen H. Gregory, MD
Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Assistant Professor
Division of Cardiac Anesthesia Department of Anesthesiology
The Hospital for Sick Children Washington University
University of Toronto St. Louis, Missouri
Toronto, Canada
EACTA Representative Alina M. Grigore, MD, FAHA
Cardiovascular Anesthesia Consultants
Jens Fassl, MD, FASE Las Vegas, Nevada
Associate Professor
Chair, Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Hilary P. Grocott, MD, FRCPC, FASE
Technical University Dresden, Professor of Anesthesia and Surgery
Dresden, Germany University of Manitoba
Farzan Filsoufi , MD Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Associate Professor and Associate Chief of Robert Groom, CCP
Cardiac Surgery Chief Perfusionist
Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,
Department of Cardiac Surgery
New York, New York Maine Medical Center
Gregory W. Fischer, MD Portland, Maine
Professor and Chairman Jacob Gutsche, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical
Care Medicine Associate Professor, Anesthesiology and
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Critical Care
New York, New York Penn Presbyterian Medical Center
University of Pennsylvania
Lee A. Fleisher, MD, FACC Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Professor and Chair, Department of
Anesthesia Eugene A. Hessel, II, MD, FACS
University of Pennsylvania Health System Professor of Anesthesiology and Surgery
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Cardiothoracic)
University of Kentucky College of Medicine
Brigid C. Flynn, MD Lexington, Kentucky
Director, Division of Critical Care
Department of Anesthesiology Thomas L. Higgins, MD, MBA,
Director, CT SICU FACP, MCCM
University of Kansas Medical Center Professor of Medicine and Anesthesiology
Kansas City, Kansas University of Massachusetts Medical
School-Baystate
Carlos Galhardo Jr, MD Chief Medical Officer
Consultant, National Institute of Cardiology Baystate Franklin Medical Center,
Chief of Anesthesia, Unimed Rio Hospital Greenfield Massachusetts
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Baystate Noble Hospital, Westfield,
Miwa K. Geiger, MD Massachusetts
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics
Division of Pediatric Cardiology Anthony M.-H. Ho, MD, FRCP, FCCP
Director, Fetal Heart Program Professor, Anesthesiology and
Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Perioperative Medicine
New York, New York Queen’s University
Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Simon Gelman, MD
Professor of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Jiapeng Huang, MD, PhD
and Pain Medicine Social Media Editor
Brigham and Women’s Hospital Clinical Professor
Boston, Massachusetts Department of Anesthesiology &
Perioperative Medicine
Theresa Gelzinis, MD
Associate Professor University of Louisville
Department of Anesthesiology Louisville, Kentucky
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania William E. Hurford, MD, FCCM
Professor
Neal S. Gerstein, MD, FASE Department of Anesthesia
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical University of Cincinnati Medical Center
Care Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio
Division of Cardiac Anesthesia
University of New Mexico Nian Chih Hwang, MD
Albuquerque, New Mexico Department of Anaesthesiology
Singapore General Hospital
Kamrouz Ghadimi, MD Singapore, Singapore
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Richard Ing, MBBCh, FCA (SA)
Care Medicine Director, Anesthesia Research
Duke University School of Medicine Children’s Hospital Colorado
Durham, North Carolina Aurora, Colorado
Gregory M. Janelle, MD Hong Liu, MD, FASE David R. Mcllroy, MD, MClinEpi,
Department of Anesthesiology Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology FANZCA
University of Florida Acting Vice Chairman, Research Consultant Anaesthetist
Gainesville, Florida University of California Davis Health Alfred Hospital, Melbourne
Sacramento, California Victoria, Australia
W. Scott Jellish, MD, PhD CSCTVA Representative
Professor and Chairman, Anesthesiology Robert E. Michler, MD
Loyola University Medical Center Vladimir V. Lomivorotov, MD, PhD Professor and Chairman
Maywood, Illinois Chairman, Anesthesiology Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
William E. Johnston, MD Academician Meshalkin State Research Montefiore Medical Center
Institute of Circulation Pathology Bronx, New York
Professor and Associate Chair of
Anesthesiology Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Emad Mossad, MD
Texas A&M University Director, Pediatric Cardiovascular
Baylor Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas Pastor Luna, MD
National Institute of Cardiology Anesthesiology
Ronald A. Kahn, MD Mexico City, Mexico Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas
Professor of Anesthesiology & Surgery
Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, G. Burkhard Mackensen, MD, PhD, Chirojit Mukherjee, MD, PhD,
New York, New York FASE FASE, MBA
Kamal R. Khabbaz, MD Professor, Department of Anesthesiology Chairman, Department of Anesthesia &
Chief, Cardiac Surgery and Pain Medicine Intensive Care
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Chief, Division of Cardiothoracic HELIOS Clinic for Cardiac Surgery
Boston, Massachusetts Anesthesia Karlsruhe, Germany
University of Washington EACTA Secretary General
Colleen G. Koch, MD Seattle, Washington
Chair, Department of Anesthesiology and Glenn S. Murphy, MD
Critical Care Medicine Graeme MacLaren, MBBS, FCICM, Clinical Professor
Johns Hopkins Medicine FCCM University of Chicago Pritzker School of
Baltimore, Maryland Director, Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Medicine
National University Hospital of Singapore Director, Cardiac Anesthesia
Priya A. Kumar, MD Singapore NorthShore University HealthSystem
Professor of Anesthesiology Visiting Paediatric Intensivist Royal Evanston, Illinois
University of North Carolina Children’s Hospital
Chapel Hill, North Carolina Praveen Kumar Neema, MD
Melbourne, Australia Professor and Head, Department of
Gudrun Kunst, MD, PhD, FRCA, Anesthesiology
Aman Mahajan, MD, PhD All India Institute of Medical Sciences
DEAA Professor and Chairman Raipur, India
Consultant Anaesthetist Department of Anesthesiology
Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Relief University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Peter J. Neuburger, MD
King’s College Hospital Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
London, United Kingdom Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
EACTA Representative NYU Langone Health
Nandor Marczin, MD, PhD New York, New York
Senior Clinical Lecturer
Giora Landesberg, MD Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Steven M. Neustein, MD
Professor, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Care Professor of Anesthesiology
Medicine Imperial College London Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,
Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center London, United Kingdom New York, New York
Jerusalem, Israel EACTA Representative
Sonia Nhieu, MD
Jean-Sébastien Lebon, B.Pharm., Anesthesiogist
MD, FRCPC Nick Wyman Markin, MD
Kaiser Santa Clara Medical Center
Clinical Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology Assistant Professor Santa Clara, California
Montreal Heart Institute Department of Anesthesiology
Montreal, Quebec, Canada University of Nebraska Minoru Nomura, MD
Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska Director of Cardiovascular Anesthesia
Jonathan D. Leff, MD, FASE Tokyo Women’s Medical University
Chief, Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology Andrew Maslow, MD Tokyo, Japan
Montefiore Medical Center Professor
Bronx, New York Department of Anesthesiology Ben O’Brien, MD, PhD
Warren Alpert Brown Medical School Clinical Director, Perioperative Medicine
Andrew B. Leibowitz, MD Providence, Rhode Island St. Bartholomew’s Hospital
Professor and Chairman London, United Kingdom
Department of Anesthesiology Robina Matyal, MD
Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Associate Professor, Anesthesiology E. Andrew Ochroch, MD, MSCE
New York, New York Harvard Medical School Professor, Anesthesiology,
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Critical Care and Surgery
Andrew Levin, MD Boston, Massachusetts University of Pennsylvania
Professor and Head of Department Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Anesthesiology & Critical Care William J. Mauermann, MD
Stellenbosch University Laura Pasin, BMed & Surg
Associate Professor, Department of Assistant Professor
Capetown, South Africa Anesthesiology Anesthesia and Intensive Care
Jerrold H. Levy, MD Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Milan,
Professor of Anesthesiology Rochester, Minnesota Italy
Associate Professor of Surgery EACTA Representative
Co-Director, Cardiothoracic Intensive Michael A. Mazzeffi , MD, MPH
Care Unit Assistant Professor Prakash A. Patel, MD
Duke University School of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care
Durham, North Carolina University of Maryland University of Pennsylvania
Baltimore, Maryland Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Lihuan Li, MD
Chairman, CSCTVA William McBride, MD Alessia Pedoto, MD
Professor of Anesthesiology Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia Associate Clinical Anesthesiologist
Cardiovascular Institute & Fuwai Hospital Royal Victoria Hospital Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Beijing, China Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom New York, New York
Jan I.T. Poelaert, MD, PhD, FCCP
Department of Anesthesiology
University Hospital of Brussels
Brussels, Belgium
Wanda Popescu, MD
Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
Director, Thoracic & Vascular Anesthesia
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
Srikantha L. Rao, MBBS, MS
Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
Program Director, Adult Cardiothoracic
Anesthesia Fellowship
Penn State College of Medicine
Hershey, Pennsylvania
Kent Rehfeldt, MD
Department of Anesthesiology
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
David L. Reich, MD
President, Mt. Sinai Hospital
Professor of Anesthesiology
Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,
New York, New York
Amanda Rhee, MD
Associate Professor of Anesthesiology
Director of Special Operations Quality
Improvement
Department of Anesthesiology
Medical Director for Patient Safety, Office
for Excellence in Patient Care
Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,
New York, New York
Gary W. Roach, MD
Chief, Cardiovascular Anesthesiology
Kaiser-Permanente Medical Center
Greater Sacramento Valley, California
David M. Roth, MD, PhD
Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
University of California
San Diego, California
Roger L. Royster, MD
Professor and Executive Vice Chair
Department of Anesthesiology
Wake Forest University School of
Medicine
Winston-Salem, North Carolina
David Royston, MB, FRCA
Consultant in Cardiothoracic Anesthesia
Harefield Hospital
Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
Marc Schermerhorn, MD
Chief, Endovascular Surgery
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts
Peter M. Schulman, MD
Associate Professor
Anesthesiology and Perioperative
Medicine
Oregon Health & Science University
Portland, Oregon
Torin D. Shear, MD
Assistant Professor, Anesthesia
NorthShore University Health System
University of Chicago Pritzker School of
Medicine
Evanston, Illinois
Sasha K. Shillcutt, MD, FASE
Associate Professor, Anesthesiology
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha, Nebraska
Linda Shore-Lesserson, MD
Professor of Anesthesiology
Division of Anesthesiology
Northshore Long Island Jewish Medical Center
Long Island, New York
Past President, Society of Cardiovascular
Anesthesiologists
Avinash C. Shukla, MBBS, FRCA
Associate in Cardiac Anesthesia
Boston Children’s Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
Jochen Steppan, MD, DESA
Assistant Professor
Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland
Marc Stone, MD
Professor of Anesthesiology
Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,
New York, New York
Erin A. Sullivan, MD
Professor, Anesthesiology
Pittsburgh University Hospital
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Justiaan Swanevelder, MD
Professor and Head, Department of
Anaesthesia
University of Cape Town/ Groote Schuur
Hospital
Cape Town, South Africa
EACTA Representative
Andrea Székely, MD, PhD, DEAA
Associate Professor of Anesthesia
Semmelweis University
Budapest, Hungary
EACTA Representative
Kenichi A. Tanaka, MD, MSc
Professor, Anesthesiology
University of Maryland
Baltimore, Maryland
Katherine Taylor, B. Med, BA,
M. Med, FANZA
Associate Professor of Anesthesia
Hospital for Sick Children
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Deepak K. Tempe, MD, FRCA
Dean, Maulana Azad Medical College
Director-Professor and Head
Department of Anaesthesiology and
Intensive Care
G.B. Pant Hospital (University of Delhi)
New Delhi, India
Matthew M. Townsley, MD, FASE
Associate Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama
Christopher A. Troianos, MD
Professor & Chairman
Division of Anesthesiology
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio
President, Society of Cardiovascular
Anesthesiologists
Yamume Tshomba, MD
Associate Professor of Vascular Surgery
Vita-Salute University of Milano
IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
Elizabeth A. Valentine, MD
Chief, Vascular Anesthesia
Hospital of University of
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Alain Vuylsteke, BSc, MD, DESAR,
FRCA, FFICM
Consultant in Anesthesia and Intensive Care
Papworth Hospital NHS
Cambridge, United Kingdom
EACTA Representative
Joyce A. Wahr, MD
Adjunct Associate Professor
University of Michigan
Minnetonka, Minnesota
Chair, Society of Cardiovascular
Anesthesiologists Foundation
Michael H. Wall, MD, FCCM
JJ Buckley Professor and Chairman
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Minnesota
Twin Cities Campus
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Weipeng Wang, MD, PhD
Director, Department of Anesthesiology &
Critical Care Medicine
DeltaHealth Hospital
Shanghai, China
Stuart J. Weiss, MD, PhD
Director of Cardiac Anesthesia
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Nathaen S. Weitzel, MD
Associate Professor of Anesthesia
University of Colorado Denver
Aurora, Colorado
Roger S. Wilson, MD
Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical
Care Medicine
Chairman, IRB
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York
Kenji Yoshitani, MD
National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center
Osaka, Japan
Vasileios Zochios, MD
Intensive Care Medicine
University Hospitals
Birmingham, United Kingdom