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 Chapter 6
6.1 Exercises 36 − b 2 (6 + b)(6 − b) 6+b
20. = =−
2. 4 x + 20 ≠ 0
2
3b − 16b − 12 (3b + 2)(b − 6) 3b + 2
4 x ≠ −20
x ≠ −5 24 x 4 y 2 8x3 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 x 7 y2
22. ⋅ =−
All real numbers except −5 −12 x 5 y 30 x 2 y 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5 ⋅ x 7 y2
8
3x =−
4. g( x ) = 15
2
x − 5x − 6
3x
g( x ) = 8x 2 x2 + 6x + 9 8 x 2 ( x + 3)( x + 3)
( x + 1)( x − 6) 24. ⋅ =
x2 − 9 16 x 3 16 x 3 ( x + 3)( x − 3)
x ≠ −1, 6
x+3
All real numbers except −1 and 6 =
2 x ( x − 3)
−7 xy 2 y
6. =− x −5 25 x 2 − 1 ( x − 5)(5 x − 1)(5 x + 1)
5
28 x y 4x4 26. ⋅ =
10 x − 2 x − 10 x + 25 2(5 x − 1)( x − 5)( x − 5)
2
5x + 1
10 x 2 + 15 x 5 x (2 x + 3) 2 x + 3 =
8. = = 2( x − 5)
2
35 x − 5 x 5 x (7 x − 1) 7 x − 1

x + 8y x 2 + 2 xy − 15 y 2
24 x 2 4x ⋅ 6x 6x 28. ⋅
10. = = x 2 + 5 xy − 24 y 2 x + 5y
8 x − 4 x 4 x (2 x − 1) 2 x − 1
2
x + 8y ( x + 5 y)( x − 3 y)
= ⋅
( x + 8 y)( x − 3 y) x + 5y
6m 2 n4 + 2mn3 2mn3 (3mn + 1) mn(3mn + 1)
12. = = =1
4mn − 8n 2 2 2
4n (m − 2) 2(m − 2)
6a 2 − a − 1 5a 2 − 5
2 30. ⋅
6 x − 15 x 3x (2 x − 5) a2 − 3a − 4 3a 2 − 2a − 1
14. = = 2x − 5
3x 3x (3a + 1)(2a − 1) 5(a + 1)(a − 1)
= ⋅
(a − 4)(a + 1) (3a + 1)(a − 1)
x+2 x+2 5(2a − 1)
16. = =
2
7 x − 28 7( x 2 − 4) a−4
x+2
=
7( x + 2)( x − 2) 3a3b 2 4a 2 + 2ab + b 2
1 32. ⋅
= 8a3 − b 3 12ab4
7( x − 2) 3a b (4a 2 + 2ab + b 2 )
3 2
=
(2a − b)(4a 2 + 2ab + b 2 )12ab 4
30 x − x 2 − x 3 − x ( x 2 + x − 30)
18. = a2
x 3 − x 2 − 20 x x ( x 2 − x − 20) =
4b 2 (2a − b)
( x + 6)( x − 5)
=−
( x + 4)( x − 5)
x+6
=−
x+4

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 131

Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Intermediate Algebra

3 y + 12 9 y + 36 3y + 12 16 y3 50. Graph y1 = 1.6 x 2 − 1.3x − 5.9 and use the zero

34. ÷ = ⋅
8 y3 16 y3 8 y3 9 y + 36 feature to solve for x-intercepts.
5x − 4
3( y + 4) 16 y3 Domain of f ( x ) = is all real
= ⋅ 2
1.6 x − 1.3 x − 5.9
8 y3 9( y + 4)
numbers except x ≈ −1.6 and x ≈ 2.4.
2
=
3 90(1 + 1.5 x )
52. P( x ) =
1 + 0.5 x
a2 − 3a a3 − a 2
36. ÷ 90(1 + 1.5(3))
a 2 − 9 4a 2 − a − 3 P(3) =
1 + 0.5(3)
a(a − 3) (4a + 3)(a − 1) P(3) = 198
= ⋅
(a + 3)(a − 3) a2 (a − 1) There are 198 fish after three months.
4a + 3
=
a(a + 3) 90(1 + 1.5 x )
54. P( x ) =
1 + 0.5 x
x 2 − 5x + 4 90(1 + 1.5(12))
38. ÷ (3 x 2 − 3 x ) P(3) = = 244.285714286
2x − 8 1 + 0.5(12)
( x − 4)( x − 1) 1 P(3) = 244
= ⋅
2( x − 4) 3 x ( x − 1) There are 244 fish after one year.
1
= 56.
6x

10m 4 30a 2 m 4 b 10m 4 b

40. ⋅ 3a2 b = =
9a 2 9a 2 3

3 x 2 − 5 x x (3x − 5) x
42. = =
18 x − 30 6(3 x − 5) 6

x2 + 6x + 9 6 xy + 18 y
44. ÷
2
2 x y − 18 y 3 x 2 y − 27 y
( x + 3)( x + 3) 3 y( x 2 − 9)
= ⋅
2 y( x 2 − 9) 6 y( x + 3) From the graph there are approximately 240 fish
x +3 in the aquarium after eleven months.
=
4y
Cumulative Review
2 2
x − 10 x + 16 x − 6 x − 16 57. 3x − ( x + 5) < 7 x + 10
46. ÷
5
x y x 2 y5 3x − x − 5 < 7 x + 10
( x − 2)( x − 8) x 2 y5 2 x − 5 < 7 x + 10
= ⋅ −5 x < 15
x5 y ( x + 2)( x − 8)
x > −3
y 4 ( x − 2)
=
x 3 ( x + 2) 58. (4 x − 1) 2 = (4 x)2 − 2(4 x)(1) + 12
= 16 x 2 − 8 x + 1
3 y 2 − 3y − 36 3( y 2 − y − 12) 3( y − 4)( y + 3)
48. = =
2 y2 − y − 3 (2 y − 3)( y + 1) (2 y − 3)( y + 1)
Cannot be simplified

132 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

ISM: Intermediate Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

59. 1996 to 2008 10 x 12 xy

8. ,
5290 − 2160 ( x + 5)( x − 3) 2
( x − 3)3
⋅100% ≈ 145%
2160
LCD = ( x + 5)( x − 3)3
59% of 5290 = 0.59(5290) ≈ 3121
The percent increase in the number of deaths
between 1996 and 2008 was 145%. Of the 10. 3x 2 − 4 x = x (3 x − 4)
number of people killed in 2008, 3121 people 3x 2 + 5 x − 12 = (3x − 4)( x + 3)
were not wearing helmets.
LCD = x(3x − 4)(x + 3)
Classroom Quiz 6.1
6 3
12. +
3 2
x − 8 x + 16 x 2
x ( x − 8 x + 16)
2
x − 7 x + 10 x −5
1. = 6 3 x−2
3 2
x + 2 x − 24 x x ( x 2 + 2 x − 24) = + ⋅
x ( x − 4)( x − 4) ( x − 5)( x − 2) x − 5 x − 2
= 6 + 3( x − 2)
x ( x − 4)( x + 6) =
x−4 ( x − 5)( x − 2)
= 6 + 3x − 6
x+6 =
( x − 5)( x − 2)
3x
x 2 − 25 x2 − 4x + 4 =
2. ⋅ ( x − 5)( x − 2)
3 x 2 − 7 x + 2 x 2 + 3x − 10
( x + 5)( x − 5) ( x − 2)( x − 2)
= ⋅ 5 1 5 b 1 a 5b + a
(3 x − 1)( x − 2) ( x + 5)( x − 2) 14. + = ⋅ + ⋅ =
2 6ab 6a b 6ab a 6a2 b
2
x −5 6a
=
3x − 1 7 5
16. +
2 2
x − 1 3x + 3x
2 x 2 + 8 x − 24 x2 + 2x − 8 5( x − 1)
3. ÷ =
7(3x )
+
2 x 2 + 4 x − 48 16 − x 2 ( x + 1)( x − 1)(3x ) 3x ( x + 1)( x − 1)
2( x 2 + 4 x − 12) (4 + x )(4 − x ) 21x + 5 x − 5
= ⋅ =
2( x 2 + 2 x − 24) ( x + 4)( x − 2) 3x ( x + 1)( x − 1)
2( x + 6)( x − 2) ( x + 4)( x − 4)(−1) 26 x − 5
= ⋅ =
2( x + 6)( x − 4) ( x + 4)( x − 2) 3x ( x + 1)( x − 1)
= −1
14 14 8a + 1
6.2 Exercises 18. +3 = + 3⋅
8a + 1 8a + 1 8a + 1
14 + 24a + 3
2. The factors are 7, x, and y. The factor x is =
repeated in one fraction two times. Since the 8a + 1
24a + 17
highest power of x is 2, the LCD is 7 x 2 y. =
8a + 1

4. x 2 − 12 x + 36 = ( x − 6)2 7y 5
20. +
x−6=x−6 2
y + 6y + 9 y − 9 2
LCD = ( x − 6) 2 7 y( y − 3) 5( y + 3)
= +
( y + 3) ( y − 3) ( y + 3)( y − 3)( y + 3)
2
6. 7ab5 and 7a3b3
7 y 2 − 21y + 5 y + 15
LCD = 7a b 3 5 =
( y + 3)2 ( y − 3)
7 y 2 − 16 y + 15
=
( y + 3)2 ( y − 3)

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 133

Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Intermediate Algebra

4b b+2 32. P( x ) = R( x ) − C ( x )
22. +
2
b − 2b − 15 2b − 10 150 − 38 x 120 − 25 x
P( x ) = −
4b b+2 3− x 2− x
= +
(b − 5)(b + 3) 2(b − 5) 2(75 − 19 x )(2 − x ) − 5(24 − 5 x )(3 − x )
=
(2)(4b) (b + 2)(b + 3) (2 − x )(3 − x )
= +
(2)(b − 5)(b + 3) 2(b − 5)(b + 3) 2(150 − 113x + 19 x 2 ) − 5(72 − 39 x + 5 x 2 )
=
8b + b 2 + 5b + 6 x 2 − 5x + 6
=
2(b − 5)(b + 3) 300 − 226 x + 38 x 2 − 360 + 195 x − 25 x 2
=
b 2 + 13b + 6 x 2 − 5x + 6
=
2(b − 5)(b + 3) 2
13 x − 31x − 60
=
x 2 − 5x + 6
7 4 7(2 x − 3) − 4( x + 2)
24. − =
x + 2 2x − 3 ( x + 2)(2 x − 3) 34. P( x ) = R( x ) − C ( x )
14 x − 21 − 4 x − 8 13 x 2 − 31x − 60
= P( x ) =
( x + 2)(2 x − 3) x 2 − 5x + 6
10 x − 29
= 13(20)2 − 31(20) − 60
( x + 2)(2 x − 3) P(20) =
(20)2 − 5(20) + 6
3x 2x P(20) = 14.77114183...
26. − If twenty machines per day are manufactured,
2 2
x + 3x − 10 x + x − 6 the daily profit is $14,771.
3x ( x + 3) 2 x ( x + 5)
= −
( x + 5)( x − 2)( x + 3) ( x + 3)( x − 2)( x + 5) Cumulative Review
2 2
3x + 9 x − 2 x − 10 x −6 ⋅ 9 ÷ 1 − 10
= −54 ÷ 9
( x + 5)( x − 2)( x + 3) 35. =
2
4 − 5 ⋅ 2 + 3 25 16 − 10 + 3(5)
x2 − x −6
= =
( x + 5)( x − 2)( x + 3) 6 + 15
6
=−
3y2 y+2 3y 2 ( y + 2)( y − 1) 21
28. − = −
y2 − 1 y + 1 ( y + 1)( y − 1) ( y + 1)( y − 1) 2
=−
7
3y 2 − y 2 − y + 2
=
( y + 1)( y − 1) 36. 0.000351 = 3.51×10−4
2
2y − y + 2
= 37. Let a = the cost of Amanda’s car. Then Jamie’s
( y + 1)( y − 1)
car cost 2a and Denise’s car cost a + 2000.
a + 2 + a + 2000 = 24, 000
2 a − 6 4a + 1 2 4a + 2000 = 24, 000
30. a − 6 + = ⋅ +
4a + 1 1 4a + 1 4a + 1 4a = 22, 000
(a − 6)(4a + 1) + 2 a = 5500
=
4a + 1 2a = 2(5500) = 11,000
4a 2 − 23a − 6 + 2 a + 2000 = 5500 + 2000 = 7500
= Amanda’s car cost $5500, Jamie’s car cost
4a + 1
2 $11,000, and Denise’s car cost $7500.
4a − 23a − 4
=
4a + 1

134 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

ISM: Intermediate Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

38. x = number of liters of 15% acid 4 y +1

60 − x = number of liters of 30% acid 9 y4 4y +1 y+2
4. = ÷
0.15 x + 0.30(60 − x ) = 0.20(60) y +2
9y 4
y3
0.15 x + 18 − 0.3x = 12 y3
−0.15 x = −6 4y +1 y3
= ⋅
x = 40 9 y4 y + 2
60 − x = 20 4 y +1
He should use 40 liters of 15% acid and 20 liters =
of 30% acid. 9 y( y + 2)

Classroom Quiz 6.2 4 − 31y 4− 1

1 3y 6 y
6. = ⋅
7 3 7 x 3 x−2
5 +1 5 + 1 6y
1. − = ⋅ − ⋅ 6y 6y 1
x−2 x x−2 x x x−2 24 y 6 y
− 3y
7 x − 3x + 6 =
1
= 30 y 6 y
x ( x − 2) + 1
6y
4x + 6
= 24 y − 2
x ( x − 2) =
5 + 6y
2(2 x + 3)
= 2(12 y − 1)
x ( x − 2) =
6y + 5
5 6
2. + 1 + 61y 1 + 61y 12 y 4 + 2 6 2
2 2 3y 3y
x + 9 x + 18 x + 7 x + 12 8. = ⋅ = = =
5 6 1 + 43y 1 + 3 12 y 6 + 9 15 5
= + 2y 2y 4y
( x + 6)( x + 3) ( x + 4)( x + 3)
5 x+4 6 x+6 2 2
= ⋅ + ⋅ y+4 y+4 ( y + 4)( y − 4)
( x + 6)( x + 3) x + 4 ( x + 4)( x + 3) x + 6 10. = ⋅
5( x + 4) + 6( x + 6)
3 − 1 3 − 1 ( y + 4)( y − 4)
y−4 y 2 −16 y−4 y 2 −16
=
( x + 3)( x + 4)( x + 6) 2( y − 4)
5 x + 20 + 6 x + 36 =
= 3( y + 4) − 1
( x + 3)( x + 4)( x + 6) 2( y − 4)
11x + 56 =
= 3y + 12 − 1
( x + 3)( x + 4)( x + 6) 2( y − 4)
=
3y + 11
5x 5x 3 2x − 8
3. +3 = + ⋅
2x − 8 2x − 8 1 2x − 8 5 +3 5 +3
5 x + 6 x − 24 2 x +8 2 2( x + 4) 2 2( x + 4)( x − 4)
= 12. = ⋅
2x − 8
3 + 1 3 + 1 2( x + 4)( x − 4)
x 2 −16 x + 4 ( x + 4)( x − 4) x + 4
11x − 24 5( x − 4) + 3( x + 4)( x − 4)
= =
2x − 8 6 + 2( x − 4)
11x − 24
= 5 x − 20 + 3x 2 − 48
2( x − 4) =
6 + 2x − 8
2
6.3 Exercises 3 x + 5 x − 68
=
2x − 2
− 2 (3x + 17)( x − 4)
ab 2 2 5 2 a 2 =
2. =− ÷ =− ⋅ =− 2( x − 1)
5 2 2
a ab a ab 5 5b2

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 135

Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Intermediate Algebra

10 10 x+2 Cumulative Review

14. = ⋅
5 x − x +5 2 5 x − x +5 2 x+2
21. |2 − 3x| = 4
10( x + 2) 2 − 3x = 4 or 2 − 3 x = −4
=
5 x 2 + 10 x − 5 3 x = −2 −3 x = −6
10( x + 2) 2 x=2
= x=−
5( x 2 + 2 x − 1) 3
2( x + 2)
= 22. 7x − 3 − 2x < 6
x2 + 2 x − 1
5x − 3 < 6
4
3x −2
− 1 −6 < 5 x − 3 < 6
9 x 2 −4
16.
5x −3 < 5 x < 9
3x 2 −2 x 3 9
4 − 1 − <x<
3 x − 2 (3 x − 2)(3 x + 2) x (3 x − 2)(3 x + 2)
5 5
= ⋅
5x x (3 x − 2)(3 x + 2) 23. x = amount invested at 5%
x (3 x − 2)
4 x (3 x − 2)(3 x + 2) x (3 x − 2)(3 x + 2)
− (3 x − 2)(3 x + 2) 20,000 − x = amount invested at 9%
3x −2 0.05 x + 0.09(20, 000 − x) = 1480
=
5 x 2 (3 x − 2)(3 x + 2) 0.05 x + 1800 − 0.09 x = 1480
x (3 x − 2)
−0.04 x + 1800 = 1480
4 x (3x + 2) − x
= −0.04 x = −320
5 x (3x + 2) x = 8000
12 x + 7 20,000 − x = 20,000 − 8000 = 12,000
=
5(3 x + 2) Anthony invested $8000 at 5% and $12,000 at
9%.
2 +1 2 +1
y +3 y +3 1 3( y + 3)
18. = ⋅ 24. f ( x) = 2 x 2 − 4 x + 1
1− 2 1 − 2 3( y + 3)
3 y +3 3 y +3
6( y +3) 3( y + 3)
f (−1) = 2(−1)2 − 4(−1) + 1
y +3
+ 1 = 2(1) − 4(−1) + 1
=
3( y + 3) 6( y +3)
− y +3 = 2 + 4 +1
3 =7
6 + 3y + 9
=
y +3−6 Classroom Quiz 6.3
3 y + 15
= 1 + 53x 1 + 3
y−3 2x 40 xy
1. = 2x 5x ⋅
3( y + 5) 3 + 81y 43y + 81y 40 xy
= 4y
y −3 40 xy 120 xy
2x
+ 5x
=
120 xy 40 xy
1
x+a
− 1x 1
x+a
− 1x x ( x + a) 4y
+ 8y
20. = ⋅
a a x ( x + a) 20 y + 24 y
=
x − ( x + a) 30 x + 5 x
=
ax ( x + a) =
44 y
x− x−a 35 x
=
ax ( x + a)
−a
=
ax ( x + a)
1
=−
x ( x + a)

136 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

ISM: Intermediate Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

3 − x 5+3 3− 5
1 x +3 x + 3 5x3 y2 2 x 4 y5
2. = ⋅ 5. ÷
4 −2 4 − 2 x +3 x 2 y + 10 xy 2 + 25 y3 3 x 3 − 75 xy 2
x +3 x +3 1
3( x +3) 5( x +3)
− ( x +3) 5x 3 y2 3x ( x 2 − 25 y 2 )
1 = ⋅
= y( x 2 + 10 xy + 5 y 2 ) 2 x 4 y5
4( x + 3) 2( x + 3)
− 1
x +3 15 ( x − 5 y)( x + 5 y)
3( x + 3) − 5 = ⋅
= 2 y 4 ( x + 5 y)( x + 5 y)
4 − 2( x + 3) 15( x − 5 y)
3x + 9 − 5 =
= 2 y 4 ( x + 5 y)
4 − 2x − 6
3x + 4
=−
2( x + 1) 8x3 + 1 6x + 3
6. ⋅
2 2
4x + 4x +1 4x − 2x + 1
6 6
x ( x + 5) x ( x + 5)
(2 x + 1)(4 x 2 − 2 x + 1) 3(2 x + 1)
3. x 2 +5 x
= ⋅ = ⋅
3 −2 3 − 2 x ( x + 5) 4x2 + 4x + 1 4x2 − 2x + 1
x +5 x x +5 x 2
6 x ( x +5) 3(2 x + 1)
=
x ( x + 5) 4x 2 + 4x + 1
=
3 x ( x +5) 2 x ( x + 5)
x +5
− x 3(4 x 2 + 4 x + 1)
=
=
6 (4 x 2 + 4 x + 1)
3x − 2 x − 10 =3
6
=
x − 10 x 5 x x 5 x−2
7. − = ⋅ − ⋅
2 x − 4 2 x 2( x − 2) x 2 x x − 2
How Am I Doing? Sections 6.1−6.3
x 2 − 5( x − 2)
=
2 x ( x − 2)
49 x 2 − 9 (7 x − 3)(7 x + 3) 7 x + 3
1. = = 2
x − 5 x + 10
2
7x + 4x − 3 ( x + 1)(7 x − 3) x +1 =
2 x ( x − 2)
x 2 + 2 x − 24 ( x + 6)( x − 4) x + 6
2. = = 2 3 7x
2
x − 6x + 8 ( x − 2)( x − 4) x − 2 8. + +
x + 5 x − 5 x − 25 2
2( x − 5) 3( x + 5) 7x
2 x3 − 5x 2 − 3x x (2 x 2 − 5 x − 3) = + +
3. = ( x + 5)( x − 5) ( x − 5)( x + 5) ( x − 5)( x + 5)
x 3 − 8 x 2 + 15 x x ( x 2 − 8 + 15) 2 x − 10 + 3x + 15 + 7 x
(2 x + 1)( x − 3) =
= ( x − 5)( x + 5)
( x − 5)( x − 3) 12 x + 5
2x + 1 =
= ( x − 5)( x + 5)
x −5

6a − 30 9a 2 + a − 8
4. ⋅
3a + 3 2a 2 − 15a + 25
6(a − 5) (9a − 8)(a + 1)
= ⋅
3(a + 1) (2a − 5)(a − 5)
2(9a − 8)
=
2a − 5

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 137

Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Intermediate Algebra

y −1 y+2 1+ x 1+ x
9. − x x +3 x x +3 x ( x + 3)
14. = ⋅
y2 − 2 y − 8 y 2 + 6 y + 8 x +1 + 4 x +1 + 4 x ( x + 3)
x +3 x x +3 x
y −1 y+2
= − x ( x + 3) x 2 ( x + 3)
+ x +3
( y − 4)( y + 2) ( y + 4)( y + 2) x
=
( y − 1) y+4 y+2 y−4 x ( x +1)( x + 3) 4 x ( x + 3)
+ x
= ⋅ − ⋅ x +3
( y − 4)( y + 2) y + 4 ( y + 4)( y + 2) y − 4 2
x +3+ x
( y − 1)( y + 4) − ( y + 2)( y − 4) =
= 2
x + x + 4 x + 12
( y − 4)( y + 2)( y + 4)
2 2 x2 + x + 3
y + 4y − y − 4 − y + 4y − 2y + 8 =
= x 2 + 5 x + 12
( y − 4)( y + 2)( y + 4)
5y + 4
= 6.4 Exercises
( y − 4)( y + 2)( y + 4)
1 2 1
2 2 2. + =
x +1 4 − x x +1 x −4 x 3x 3
10. + = −
x + 4 x 2 − 16 x + 4 ( x + 4)( x − 4) ⎛1 2 ⎞ 1
(3x ) ⎜ + ⎟ = ⋅ (3x )
( x + 1)( x − 4) − ( x 2 − 4) ⎝ x 3x ⎠ 3
= 3+ 2 = x
( x + 4)( x − 4)
x =5
x 2 − 3x − 4 − x 2 + 4
= 1 2 1 1 1
( x + 4)( x − 4) Check: + ⱨ , =
5 3(5) 3 3 3
−3 x
=
( x + 4)( x − 4) 5 1
4. +2=
4x x
1+ 7 + 1 7
16 x 2 2 x + 7 x 9 x 3 x ⎛ 5 ⎞ 1
11. 8 x 16 x = 8 x 16 x ⋅ = = = 4x ⎜ + 2 ⎟ = 4x ⋅
3 3
2 2 16 x 2 6 6 2 ⎝ 4 x ⎠ x
8x 8x
5 + 8x = 4
x x 8 x = −1
4 x 2 −1 ( 2 x +1)( 2 x −1) 1
12. = x = − or − 0.125
3 − 2 x2+1 3( 2 x +1) − 2
8
2 x +1
x 2x + 1 5
+2ⱨ
1
, − 8 = −8
= ⋅ Check:
(2 x + 1)(2 x − 1) 6 x + 3 − 2 4⋅ − 81
( ) − 1
8
x
=
(2 x − 1)(6 x + 1) 4 1 3
6. + =
3x − 1 2 x 2 x
5 +3 5 + 3 x 5 + 3x ⎛ 4 1 ⎞ 3
13. x
= x
⋅ = 2 x (3x − 1) ⋅ ⎜ + ⎟= ⋅ 2 x (3x − 1)
6 −2 6 − 2 x 6 − 2x ⎝ 3x − 1 2 x ⎠ 2 x
x x
2 x (4) + 3x − 1 = 3(3x − 1)
8 x + 3x − 1 = 9 x − 3
11x − 1 = 9 x − 3
2 x = −2
x = −1
4 1 3
Check: + ⱨ
3(−1) − 1 2(−1) 2(−1)
3 3
− =−
2 2

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ISM: Intermediate Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

9 4
8. =
2x + 1 x
9 x = 4(2 x + 1)
9x = 8x + 4
x=4
9 4
Check: ⱨ
2(4) + 1 4
1=1

8x 8
10. 4− =
x +1 x +1
⎛ 8x ⎞ 8
x + 1⎜ 4 − ⎟ = ( x + 1) ⋅
⎝ x +1 ⎠ x +1
4( x + 1) − 8 x = 8
4 x + 4 − 8x = 8
−4 x = 4
x = −1
8(−1) 8
Check: 4 − ⱨ
−1 + 1 −1 + 1
8 8
4+ ⱨ
0 0
No solution

2 1 3
12. − =
x 5x 2x − 3
⎛2 1 ⎞ 3
5 x (2 x − 3) ⎜ − ⎟ = 5 x (2 x − 3)
⎝ x 5x ⎠ 2x − 3
10(2 x − 3) − (2 x − 3) = 5 x (3)
20 x − 30 − 2 x + 3 = 15 x
18 x − 27 = 15 x
3x = 27
x =9
2 1 3
Check: − ⱨ
9 5(9) 2(9) − 3
1 1
=
5 5

4x 4x − 3
14. =
x +1 x − 2
4 x( x − 2) = ( x + 1)(4 x − 3)
4 x2 − 8x = 4 x2 + x − 3
−8 x = x − 3
−9 x = −3
−3 1
x= =
−9 3

Check:
4 ( 13 ) ⱨ 4 ( 13 ) − 3
1 +1 1−2
3 3
1=1

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Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Intermediate Algebra

4 2
16. =
2 2
y + y y −1
4 2
=
y( y + 1) ( y + 1)( y − 1)
4 2
y( y + 1)( y − 1) ⋅ = y( y + 1)( y − 1) ⋅
y( y + 1) ( y + 1)( y − 1)
4( y − 1) = 2 y
4y − 4 = 2y
2y = 4
y=2
4 2
Check: ⱨ
2 2
2 + 2 2 −1
2 2
=
3 3

2 2 4x
18. + =
3x − 1 3x + 1 9 x 2 − 1
2 2 4x
+ =
3x − 1 3x + 1 (3x + 1)(3 x − 1)
2 2 4x
(3x + 1)(3x − 1) ⋅ + (3x + 1)(3x − 1) ⋅ = (3x + 1)(3x − 1) ⋅
3x − 1 3x + 1 (3x + 1)(3 x − 1)
2(3x + 1) + 2(3x − 1) = 4 x
6x + 2 + 6x − 2 = 4x
8x = 0
x=0
2 2 4(0)
Check: + ⱨ
3(0) − 1 3(0) + 1 9(0)2 − 1
0=0

2 1 y−7
20. + =
5 y − 5 5 y − 25
2 1 y−7
5( y − 5) ⋅ + 5( y − 5) ⋅ = 5( y − 5) ⋅
5 y −5 5( y − 5)
2( y − 5) + 5 = y − 7
2 y − 10 + 5 = y − 7
2y − 5 = y − 7
y − 5 = −7
y = −2
2 1 −2 − 7
Check: + ⱨ
5 −2 − 5 5(−2) − 25
9 9
=
35 35

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ISM: Intermediate Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

3 2 1
22. + =
2 2z − 8 z − 4
3 2 1
+ =
2 2( z − 4) z − 4
3 2 1
2( z − 4) ⋅ + 2( z − 4) ⋅ = 2( z − 4) ⋅
2 2( z − 4) z−4
3( z − 4) + 2 = 2
3z − 12 + 2 = 2
3z = 12
z=4
3 2 1
Check: + ⱨ
2 2(4) − 8 4 − 4
3 2 1
+ ⱨ
2 0 0
No solution

1 2x + 1 6
24. − =
x − 1 2 x 2 + 5x − 7 2 x + 7
1 2x +1 6
− =
x − 1 (2 x + 7)( x − 1) 2 x + 7
1 2x +1 6
(2 x + 7)( x − 1) ⋅ − (2 x + 7)( x − 1) ⋅ = (2 x + 7)( x − 1) ⋅
x −1 (2 x + 7)( x − 1) 2x + 7
2 x + 7 − (2 x + 1) = 6( x − 1)
2x + 7 − 2x −1 = 6x − 6
6 = 6x − 6
6 x = 12
x=2
1 2(2) + 1 6
Check: − ⱨ
2 − 1 2(2)2 + 5(2) − 7 2(2) + 7
6 6
=
11 11

z 2 + 16 z 4
26. = −
2
z − 16 z+4 z−4
2
z + 16 z 4
= −
( z − 4)( z + 4) z + 4 z − 4
z 2 + 16 2 4
( z − 4)( z + 4) ⋅ = ( z − 4)( z + 4) ⋅ − ( z − 4)( z + 4) ⋅
( z − 4)( z + 4) z+4 z−4
2
z + 16 = z ( z − 4) − 4( z + 4)
z 2 + 16 = z 2 − 4 z − 4z − 16
8z = −32
z = −4, which gives division by zero, so no solution.

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Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Intermediate Algebra

4x − 3 3
28. −x=−
4 x+4
4x − 3 −3
4( x + 4) ⋅ − 4( x + 4) ⋅ x = 4( x + 4) ⋅
4 x+4
(4 x − 3)( x + 4) − 4 x ( x + 4) = −12
4 x 2 + 16 x − 3x − 12 − 4 x 2 − 16 x = −12
−3 x = 0
x=0
4⋅0 − 3 3
Check: −0ⱨ −
4 0+4
3 3
− =−
4 4

30. An extraneous solution is an apparent solution that, when substituted into the original equation, does not make the
equation a true statement.

Cumulative Review

31. 7 x 2 − 63 = 7( x 2 − 9) = 7( x + 3)( x − 3)

32. 2 x 2 + 20 x + 50 = 2( x 2 + 10 x + 25) = 2( x + 5)2

33. 64 x 3 − 27 y3 = (4 x )3 − (3y)3
= (4 x − 3 y)(16 x 2 + 12 xy + 9 y 2 )

34. 3x 2 − 13x + 14 = (3x − 7)( x − 2)

35. ( x + 3 y)2 = x 2 + 2 ⋅ x ⋅ 3 y + (3 y)2 = x 2 + 6 xy + 9 y 2

2 x2 + x + 5
36. x − 2 2 x3 − 3x 2 + 3x − 4
2 x3 − 4 x 2
x 2 + 3x
x2 − 2 x
5x − 4
5 x − 10
6
6
(2 x3 − 3x 2 + 3x − 4) ÷ ( x − 2) = 2 x 2 + x + 5 +
x−2

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ISM: Intermediate Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

Classroom Quiz 6.4

x 4x
1. +3=
x +5 x −5
x 4x
( x + 5)( x − 5) ⋅ + ( x + 5)( x − 5) ⋅ 3 = ( x + 5)( x − 5) ⋅
x +5 x −5
x ( x − 5) + 3( x + 5)( x − 5) = 4 x ( x + 5)
x 2 − 5 x + 3x 2 − 75 = 4 x 2 + 20 x
−25 x = 75
x = −3

1 1 3
2. − =
4 x + 4 2x + 8
1 1 3
4( x + 4) ⋅ − 4( x + 4) ⋅ = 4( x + 4) ⋅
4 x+4 2( x + 4)
x +4−4 = 6
x=6

1 x
3. + =1
3x + 4 x − 1
1 x
( x − 1)(3x + 4) ⋅ + ( x − 1)(3x + 4) ⋅ = ( x − 1)(3x + 4) ⋅1
3x + 4 x −1
x − 1 + 3x 2 + 4 x = 3x 2 + 4 x − 3 x − 4
4 x = −3
3
x=−
4

6.5 Exercises

y−b
2. m=
x
y−b
x ⋅m = x ⋅
x
mx = y − b
y−b
x=
m

1 1 1
4. = +
f a b
1 ⎛1 1⎞
abf ⋅ = abf ⎜ + ⎟
f ⎝a b⎠
ab = bf + af
ab = f (a + b)
ab
f =
a+b

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Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Intermediate Algebra

I T
6. r= 18. E = T1 − 1
pt T2
rpt = I ⎛ T ⎞
I T2 ⋅ E = T2 ⎜ T1 − 1 ⎟
p= ⎝ T2 ⎠
rt ET2 = T1T2 − T1
ET2 − T1T2 = −T1
xy + xz
8. H= T2 ( E − T1 ) = −T1
4
−T1
4 H = xy + xz T2 =
4H = x( y + z) E − T1
4H T
=x T2 = 1
y+z T1 − E

V y −y
10. =h 20. m= 2 1
πr 2 x2 − x1
V = πr 2 h m( x 2 − x1 ) = y2 − y1
V mx2 − mx1 = y2 − y1
r2 = mx2 = mx1 + y2 − y1
πh
mx + y − y
x2 = 1 2 1
E R+r m
12. =
e r
Er = e( R + r ) 2D − at 2
22. =V
Er = eR + er 2t
Er − er = eR 2 D − at 2 = 2Vt
r ( E − e) = eR
2D − 2Vt = at 2
eR
r= 2D − Vt
E −e a=
t2
QR1 QR2
14. = h( B + b)
S1 S2 24. A=
2
QR1S2 = QR2 S1 2 A = hB + hb
R S 2 A − hb = hB
S2 = 2 1
R1 2 A − hb
B=
h
S − 2lw
16. =h
2w + 2l LR2
26. d=
S − 2lw = h(2w + 2l) R2 + R1
S − 2lw = 2hw + 2lh d ( R2 + R1 ) = LR2
S − 2hw = l(2h + 2w) dR2 + dR1 = LR2
S − 2hw dR1 = LR2 − dR2
l=
2h + 2w LR2 − dR2
R1 =
d

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ISM: Intermediate Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

A−P 38. x = new camp counselors employed at camp

28. =t y = experienced camp counselors employed at
Pr
A − P = Prt camp
Prt + P = A x + y = 180 (1)
P(rt + 1) = A 3 x
= (2)
A 7 y
P= Solve (2) for x.
rt + 1
3y
x=
1 1 1 1 7
30. = + +
R r1 0.368 0.736 3y
Substitute for x in (1).
1 1 1 1 7
= + +
R r1 0.368 2(0.368) 3y
+ y = 180
2r1 (0.368) = 2 R(0.368) + 2 Rr1 + Rr1 7
r1 (0.736 − 3R) = 0.736 R 10
y = 180
0.736 R 7
r1 = y = 126
0.736 − 3R
Substitute 126 for y in (1).
32. Lobby width in inches = w x + 126 = 180
12 3 x = 54
= There are 126 experienced counselors and
w 50
3w = 12(50) 54 new counselors at the camp.
2
w = 200 inches or 16 feet 9 x
3 40. =
Lobby length in inches = l 5 182 − x
1638 − 9 x = 5 x
18 3
= 14 x = 1638
l 50 x = 117 men on faculty
3l = 18(50)
l = 300 inches or 25 feet 182 − x = 65 women on faculty
There are 117 men and 65 women on the faculty.
2
The lobby is 200 in. by 300 in. or 16 ft by
3 w 3
25 ft. 42. =
l 5
w 3
34. x = Australian dollars received =
115.2− 2w 5
80 euros 0.5 2
=
x 0.7 2w 3
=
0.5 x = 80(0.7) 115.2 − 2w 5
x = 112 145.6 − 6w = 10w
He will receive 112 Australian dollars. 16w = 345.6
w = 21.6 in. for the width
30 18 115.2 − 2w
36. = l= = 36 in. for the length
x 50 2
18 x = 1500 The dimensions of the new photograph are
1 21.6 inches wide and 36 inches long.
x = 83
3
The number of alligators, to the nearest whole
number, is 83.

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Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Intermediate Algebra

44. x = nurses a c
y = doctors 52. =
b x +8
x + y = 119 (1) 5 295
2 y =
= (2) 3 x +8
5 x 5 x + 40 = 885
Solve (2) for y. 5 x = 845
y=
2x x = 169
5 The river is 169 feet wide.
2x
Substitute for y in (1). Cumulative Review
5
2x 53. 7 x − 3 y = 8
x+ = 119
5 3y = 7 x − 8
7x 7 8 7 8
= 119 y= x− ⇒m= , b=−
5 3 3 3 3
x = 85
Substitute 85 for x in (1). y −y 2 .5 − 2 0.5 1
85 + y = 119 54. m = 2 1 = = =−
x2 − x1 −1 − 1.5 −2.5 5
y = 34
The hospital has 34 nurses and 85 doctors. 55. x − 5 y = −9 (1)
3x + 2 y = −10 (2)
46. x = height of tree
3 .5 x Solve (1) for x.
= x = −9 + 5y (3)
6 42
Substitute −9 + 5y for x in (2).
⎛ 3.5 ⎞
x = 42 ⎜ ⎟ 3(−9 + 5 y) + 2 y = −10
⎝ 6 ⎠ −27 + 15 y + 2 y = −10
x = 24.5 17 y = 17
The tree is 24.5 feet tall. y =1
48. x = length of time for both to do work together Substitute 1 for y in (3).
1 1 1 x = −9 + 5(1)
+ = x = −4
5 3 x
(−4, 1)
⎛1 1⎞ 1
15 x ⎜ + ⎟ = 15 x ⋅
⎝ 5 3 ⎠ x 56. x + 4 y − z = 10 (1)
3x + 5 x = 15 3 x + 2 y + z = 4 (2)
8 x = 15 2 x − 3 y + 2 z = −7 (3)
15
x= ≈ 1.88 hours Add (1) and (2).
8 4x + 6y = 14
It will take them 1.88 hours or 1 hour, 53 min. Multiply (1) by 2 and add to (3).
2 x + 8 y − 2 z = 20
50. t = time it takes Fred to do the work 2 x − 3 y + 2 z = −7
1 1 4x + 5 y = 13 (5)
⋅3 + ⋅3 = 1
4 t
3 1 Multiply (5) by −1 and add to (4).
= −4 x − 5 y = −13
t 4
t = 12 4 x + 6 y = 14
It would take Fred 12 hours if he worked without y =1
the lumberjack. Substitute 1 for y in (4).
4 x + 6(1) = 14
4x = 8
x=2
Substitute 2 for x and 1 for y in (1).
146 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
ISM: Intermediate Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

2 + 4(1) − z = 10 Use Math to Save Money

6 − z = 10
−z = 4 1 gal
1. A: 15, 000 mi × = 750 gal
z = −4 20 mi
(2, 1, −4) 1 gal
B: 15, 000 mi × = 468.75 gal
32 mi
Classroom Quiz 6.5
1 gal
C: 15, 000 mi × = 250 gal
4 A − 6 HB 60 mi
1. =H
3B − 5 F $3.60
Solving for B, 2. A: 750 gal × = $2700
4 A − 6 HB = 3HB − 5HF 1 gal
−9 HB = −4 A − 5 HE B: 468.75 gal ×
$3.60
= $1687.50
4 A − 5 FH 1 gal
B=
9H $3.60
C: 250 gal × = $900
1 gal
2. x = Number of students who made it through
flight training
3. 2700.00
4 x
= − 1687.50
4 + 25 1885
4 x 1012.50
= Compared to Option A, Option B would save
29 1885 $1012.50 in one year.
4(1885) = 29 x
x = 260 1 yr
260 students made it through the flight program. 4. $6610 × ≈ 6.5 yr
$1012.50
3. w = new width It would take about six and a half years.
l = new length
$1012.50
w 6 5. × 5 yr = $5062.50
= (1) 1 yr
l 8
2w + 2l = 70 (2) $1012.50
× 10 yr = $10,125.00
Solve (1) for w. 1 yr
6 Michele would save $5062.50 over five years
w= l
8 and $10,125.00 over ten years.
⎛6 ⎞ 6. 2700
Substitute ⎜ l ⎟ for w in (2).
⎝8 ⎠ − 900
⎛6 ⎞ 1800
2 ⎜ l ⎟ + 2l = 70
⎝8 ⎠ Compared to Option A, Option C would save
14 $1800 in one year.
l = 70
4 1 yr
14l = 280 7. $2230 × ≈ 1.24 yr
l = 20 ft $1800
It would take about one year and three months.
6
w = l = 15 ft
8 $1800
New office was 15 feet wide by 20 feet long. 8. × 5 yr = $9000
1 yr
$1800
×10 yr = $18, 000
1 yr
Michele would save $9000 over five years and
$18,000 over ten years.

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Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Intermediate Algebra

You Try It

3x 2 − 48 3( x + 4)( x − 4) x+4
1. = =
2
6 x − 42 x + 72 6( x − 4)( x − 3) 2( x − 3)

x3 + 3 x 2 x 2 − 6 x + 9 x 2 ( x + 3) ⋅ ( x − 3)2
2. ⋅ =
x2 − 9 2 x2 − 6 x ( x + 3)( x − 3) ⋅ 2 x( x − 3)
x
=
2

2 x2 − x − 1 5x2 − 6 x + 1 2x2 − x − 1 25 x 2 − 1
3. ÷ = ⋅
6x2 + 5x + 1 25 x 2 − 1 6 x2 + 5x + 1 5x2 − 6 x + 1
(2 x + 1)( x − 1) ⋅ (5 x + 1)(5 x − 1)
=
(3x + 1)(2 x + 1) ⋅ (5 x − 1)( x − 1)
5x + 1
=
3x + 1

2 13 2 5x − 4 13
4. + = ⋅ +
2 x + 1 10 x − 3 x − 4 2 x + 1 5 x − 4 (2 x + 1)(5 x − 4)
2
2(5 x − 4) + 13
=
(2 x + 1)(5 x − 4)
10 x − 8 + 13
=
(2 x + 1)(5 x − 4)
10 x + 5
=
(2 x + 1)(5 x − 4)
5(2 x + 1)
=
(2 x + 1)(5 x − 4)
5
=
5x − 4

2x x +1 2x 2x + 3 x + 1 x − 4
5. − = ⋅ − ⋅
x − 4 2x + 3 x − 4 2x + 3 2x + 3 x − 4
(4 x 2 + 6 x) − ( x 2 − 3x − 4)
=
( x − 4)(2 x + 3)
2
3x + 9 x + 4
=
( x − 4)(2 x + 3)

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ISM: Intermediate Algebra Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations

2
x
− 35x 2⋅3− 5
x 3 3x
6. =
3+ 4 3 ⋅ x2 + 4
x2 1 x2 x2
6−5
3x
=
3x2 +4
x2
2
1 3x + 4
= ÷
3x x2
1 x2
= ⋅
3x 3x 2 + 4
x
=
9 x 2 + 12

2
x
− 35x 2
x
− 35x 3x 2 6x − 5x x
7. = ⋅ = =
3+ 4 3 + 42 3x 2 9 x 2 + 12 9 x 2 + 12
x2 x

3 2 x − 20
8. − =
4 x + 1 x − 2 4 x2 − 7 x − 2
3 2 x − 20
(4 x + 1)( x − 2) ⋅ − (4 x + 1)( x − 2) ⋅ = (4 x + 1)( x − 2) ⋅
4x + 1 x−2 (4 x + 1)( x − 2)
3( x − 2) − 2(4 x + 1) = x − 20
3x − 6 − 8 x − 2 = x − 20
−5 x − 8 = x − 20
−6 x − 8 = −20
−6 x = −12
x=2
x = 2 results in division by 0.
No solution

dr
9. +w=a
a
dr + aw = a 2
dr = a 2 − aw
a 2 − aw
d=
r

10. x = number of staff

228 − x = number of faculty
11 x
=
8 228 − x
2508 − 11x = 8 x
2508 = 19 x
132 = x
228 − x = 228 − 132 = 96
There are 96 faculty and 132 staff.

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Chapter 6: Rational Expressions and Equations ISM: Intermediate Algebra

Chapter 6 Review Problems 4 a3 b 2 8ab4

9. ÷
4 x 2 − 4 x − 3 6 x 2 − 11x + 3
6 x3 − 9 x 2 3x 2 (2 x − 3) x
1. = = 4 a3 b 2 (2 x − 3)(3x − 1)
12 x 2 − 18 x 6 x (2 x − 3) 2 = ⋅
(2 x − 3)(2 x + 1) 8ab 4
26 x 3 y 2 13 ⋅ 2 x ⋅ x 2 y 2 2x2 a2 (3x − 1)
2. = = =
39 xy 4 13 ⋅ 3xy 2 y 2 3y2 2b 2 (2 x + 1)

2 x 2 − 5x + 3
(2 x − 3)( x − 1) 2 x − 3 4a2 + 12a + 5
3. = = 10. ÷ (4a 2 + 2a)
3 x + 2 x − 5 (3 x + 5)( x − 1) 3x + 5
2 2a 2 − 7a − 13
(2a + 1)(2a + 5) 1
= ⋅
ax + 2a − bx − 2b a( x + 2) − b( x + 2)
2
2a − 7a − 13 2 a ( 2 a + 1)
4. = 2a + 5
2
3 x − 12 3( x 2 − 4) =
(a − b) ( x + 2) 2a(2a 2 − 7a − 13)
=
3( x − 2) ( x + 2)
x − 5 x +1
a−b 11. −
= 2x + 1 x − 2
3( x − 2) ( x − 5)( x − 2) − (2 x + 1)( x + 1)
=
(2 x + 1)( x − 2)
4 x 2 − 1 2 x 2 + 4 x (2 x − 1)(2 x + 1) 2 x ( x + 2) x 2 − 7 x + 10 − 2 x 2 − 3x − 1
5. ⋅ = ⋅ =
x 2 − 4 4x + 2 ( x + 2)( x − 2) 2(2 x + 1) (2 x + 1)( x − 2)
x (2 x − 1)
= − x 2 − 10 x + 9
x−2 =
(2 x + 1)( x − 2)
3y 2 x − 3y 3y ( 2 x − 3 y) x 2 + 10 x − 9
6. ⋅ = ⋅ =−
4 xy − 6 y 2 12 xy 2 y(2 x − 3 y) 12 xy (2 x + 1)( x − 2)
1
= 5 −3 5( x + 4) − 3(4 x )
8 xy 12. + =
4x x + 4 4 x ( x + 4)
5 x + 20 − 12 x
y 2 + 8 y − 20 y 2 + 3y − 40 =
7. ⋅ 4 x ( x + 4)
y 2 + 6 y − 16 y 2 + 6 y − 40 − x + 20
7
( y + 10)( y − 2) ( y + 8)( y − 5) =
= ⋅ 4 x ( x + 4)
( y + 8)( y − 2) ( y + 10)( y − 4)
y −5 2 y − 1 3y + 2 (2 y − 1)(3) (3y + 2)(4)
= 13. − = −
y−4 12 y 9y 12 y(3) 9 y(4)
6 y − 3 − 12 y − 8
=
3 x + 9 3x 2 − 3 x − 36 36 y
8. ÷
5 x − 20 x 2 − 8 x + 16 −6 y − 11 6 y + 11
= or −
3( x + 3) ( x − 4)( x − 4) 36 y 36 y
= ⋅
5( x − 4) 3( x + 3)( x − 4)
1
=
5

150 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

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The Project Gutenberg eBook of The
school-girls' treasury
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
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Title: The school-girls' treasury

or, Stories for thoughtful girls.

Author: Lucy Ellen Guernsey

Release date: March 29, 2024 [eBook #73286]

Language: English

Original publication: New York: Protestant Episcopal Society for the

Promotion of Evangelical Knowledge, 1870

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE

SCHOOL-GIRLS' TREASURY ***
 Transcriber's note: Unusual and inconsistent spelling is
as printed.

THE

SCHOOL-GIRLS'

TREASURY
OR,

STORIES FOR THOUGHTFUL GIRLS.

BY

LUCY ELLEN GUERNSEY

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION

OF EVANGELICAL KNOWLEDGE,

NO. 2, BIBLE HOUSE, NEW YORK.

1870.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1870,

BY "THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL SOCIETY FOR THE

PROMOTION OF EVANGELICAL KNOWLEDGE,"

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the

United States for the Southern District of New York.

ST. JOHNLAND STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY, SUFFOLK CO., N. Y.

THIS VOLUME
 IS PUBLISHED BY SPECIAL CONTRIBUTION

OF THE

SUNDAY-SCHOOL OF THE CHURCH OF

THE INCARNATION,

NEW YORK.

CONTENTS.

ANNA, OR, "MAKE THE BEST OF IT"

DORA, OR, "WON'T YOU EVER TELL?"

ESTHER'S BAD DAY, OR, "I COULDN'T HELP IT"

MARTHA, OR, "CHARITY THINKETH NO EVIL"

MARY, OR, "SHE MADE ME DO IT"

LOUISA, OR, "JUST ONE MINUTE"

 THE

SCHOOL-GIRLS'

TREASURY

ANNA, OR, "MAKE THE BEST OF IT." Frontispiece.

 ANNA,
OR,

MAKE THE BEST OF IT.

YOU would not oftener see a pleasanter parlor than the

one where Anna was sitting. It was handsomely and
tastefully furnished, with abundance of pictures and prints
on the walls. There were pretty chintz curtains to the one
large window, and the couches and chairs were covered
with the same material. There was a bright blazing fire
burning in the grate, and a pretty kitten sat purring on the
rug before it. The gas was lighted, and a table at Anna's
elbow was strewn with books and magazines.

Yet Anna sat in her comfortable chair before the fire,

looking very doleful indeed, and she had been sitting so for
a whole hour. She had a book in her hand, but she was not
reading: her eyes were apparently fixed on the kitten before
the fire, and it was easy to see that a very little would make
them overflow with tears. In fact, Anna felt very unhappy,
and—in spite of her long frocks which she had worn for a
full half year—very babyish indeed.

Anna had been left at home to keep house for a week,

while her father and mother and the two younger children
went to visit her grandfather. Anna had expected a very
dear friend to stay with her while her father and mother
were gone. Lillie Adams was to have come by the evening
train, and Anna had caused a dainty hot supper to be
prepared for her; but instead of her friend, the postman
brought a hurried letter from Lillie Adams, saying that her
father had been suddenly called abroad on business and
wished her to go with him: so she was going to Germany
upon three days' notice, instead of coming to visit Anna.

This was a grievous disappointment, no doubt, and it

was no wonder that Anna felt it; but she was not going to
work to meet it in the right way.

She was making the worst instead of the best of the

case. She would not eat a mouthful of the supper which had
been prepared for her friend; she betook herself to none of
her usual evening employments, but sat moodily before the
fire, picturing to herself the merry group which would be
assembled at her grandfather's fireside, and the delightful
bustle in which Lillie Adams was engaged preparing to go
abroad. And contrasting these things with her own lonely
condition and the long tiresome week of solitude which was
before her. There was great danger of the eyes overflowing,
after all: when the opening of the door and the entrance of
the cook made a moment's diversion.

Caroline Davis was a colored woman who had lived with

Mrs. Grey ever since her marriage, and was regarded as a
friend and counsellor by all the family, from the oldest to
the youngest, especially by the children. She was apt to
"speak her mind," as she said, on all occasions, especially
when she thought she saw any of the children going wrong,
and she had come to speak her mind now to her favorite,
Miss Anna.
 "Miss Anna!" said she, planting herself in front of her.
"Ain't you going to eat any supper?"

"I don't want anything, thank you, Caroline," said Anna,

in a doleful tone.

"You'd better have something," persisted Caroline. "I've

got some splendid batter cakes, just baked, and a chocolate
cake such as you like; and I'll make you a famous cup of
coffee."

"I don't think I want any, thank you, Caroline," repeated

Anna, still more dolefully, though she was conscious of
certain stirrings within at the mention of the chocolate cake
and other dainties.

Caroline took a step forward, and placed her arms a-

kimbo, as she was apt to do when disposed for an
argument. "Look here, honey," said she. "Do you calculate
to go on this way all the time your pa and ma are away?
Because, if you do, I think I'd better write to them to come
home again."

Anna smiled, in spite of herself. "I hav'n't made any

calculations about the matter, Caroline. My calculations
have not turned out so well that I should want to make any
more," she added, rather bitterly.

"Just so, honey. You've been disappointed, I don't deny

it; and no wonder you feel bad. But the question is, are you
going to feel as bad as you can, or are you going to make
the best of it? You know what the Bible says about taking
up the cross, Miss Anna, my dear. Now this disappointment
is a cross that He has sent you, and the question is whether
you are going to take it up and bear it like a Christian or sit
down on the ground and fret under it, like a baby?"
 Anna seemed a good deal interested by this view of the
case. "But it hardly seems right to call such a thing as this a
cross," said she.

Caroline smiled. "Well, I don't call it the biggest kind of

a cross," said she, "that is compared to what some folks
have to carry—old Mrs. Williams, for instance, with her bad
leg and her rheumatic shoulders and her poor consumptive
daughter. Still it is a cross for you to be disappointed of
your friend's visit, and to have to stay alone all the week;
but I would not make it any worse than it is, if I were you.
Now I shall go and get your supper and bring it to you in
here, and I guess you'll find you want some, after all."

Anna sat thinking, after Caroline left the room, but it

was with quite a different expression of face.

"How silly I am!" she was saying to herself. "Only

yesterday I was reading the lives of Margaret Rogers and
Lady Jane Gray, and wishing I had lived in times when there
were some great things to do; and hear I am actually crying
like a baby over the very first thing that comes to try my
strength, and sitting down as though them were no more to
be done in the world, because Lillie Adams is going to
Europe. I won't be such a fool, and that is all about it.
Come, Pussy, get up and make yourself agreeable!"

Pussy was very ready to exert herself for Anna's benefit

and her own, and the two were in the midst of a famous
romp, when Caroline entered with her dainty tray of
provisions.

"There, now! I call that something like!" said she, much

pleased with the change. "Come and eat your supper,
honey, while it is hot."
 Anna disposed of her batter-puffs and other good things
in a way which showed that her trouble had not entirely
destroyed her appetite, and she could not deny that she
enjoyed her supper.

"Caroline," said she, "you know that breakfast shawl

Aunt Anna left here? It is rather faded, but not at all worn
out. I have been thinking that I might ravel it out and make
it over with some stripes of a new bright color. That would
make it quite pretty again, and it would be nice and warm
for Mrs. Williams' lame shoulders."

"That is an excellent notion of yours, my dear. The old

lady needs a shawl, I know, and she likes bright colors, too:
and she will think all the more of the shawl if it is your own
work."

Anna was one of those people who, when they think of

a project for the benefit of another, like to set about it
directly; so she went up-stairs and brought down the old
shawl and a large basket of bright-colored worsteds, of
many different shades.

The rest of the evening quickly passed away in ravelling

out the shawl and contriving the best way of making it over
so as to be better than before. And Anna was surprised
when Caroline came in and said it was nine o'clock.

"Are you going to have prayers to-night, Miss Anna?"

Anna hesitated. She felt very shy about reading and

praying before the servants.

"I would, if I were you," said Caroline. "You see you are
the head of the house, now that your father and mother are
away."
 "And I am sure we need to ask God's protection all the
more when we are separated one from the other," thought
Anna. "No, I will not give way to false shame. I may as well
begin now as any time. Yes, Caroline, we will have prayers,
if you will tell Jane and Albert to come in."

Anna's heart beat fast when she began to read, but she
tried to fix her mind upon the sacred words, and by the
time she came to the prayers, she was ready to pray with
all her heart.

"Well, I didn't believe Miss Anna would read prayers!"

she heard Jane say, after the servants had left the room.
"She is such a shy young lady, generally. You know for all
she plays so well, how she hates to play before company."

"She is her father's own daughter," replied Caroline.

"When she knows she ought to do a thing she does it; I tell
you she isn't ashamed to confess her Lord before men, and
He won't be ashamed to confess her in the great day!"

"Was that confessing Christ, I wonder?" thought Anna.

"I suppose it was, in one way, though I did not think of it at
the time. I am glad I did read, at any rate."

Some of Anna's unpleasant feelings returned when she

found herself in her own room up-stairs. It seemed so very
lonely without papa and mamma in the next room and the
boys overhead, and she began to wonder whether she was
going to be afraid.

"But, after all, what is there to be afraid of?" she said to

herself. "The bell-rope hangs close to my head and I have
only to pull it to call Caroline and Albert in a minute.
Besides it is God who takes care of me when my father and
mother are here, and He can do it just as well when they
are away!"
 So Anna read her chapters and said her prayers, and
learned her two verses to repeat in the morning, as was the
custom of the family; and then went bravely to bed without
even looking under the bed, as she did sometimes when her
parents were at home. She had thought she should lie
awake and listen for suspicious noises; but, as it happened,
the first noise she heard was the ringing of the first bell in
the morning.

"Now, what had I better do to-day?" she said to herself,

as she was dressing. "I have no particular work, and there
is nothing to be done about the house. O dear, I wish it was
not vacation and all the girls I care about were not away.
But then if it is vacation, that is no reason why I should be
idle; I mean to practise two hours instead of one, and try to
get those waltzes perfectly that papa likes so much."

"And what else shall I do? I believe I will try painting a

picture all by myself, and see what I can make of it. Miss
Jeffrey says I ought to be able to work by myself now, and I
am sure she will be pleased if I have something pretty to
show her when school begins again. I will copy that chromo
which Aunt Anna gave mamma; and if it turns out nicely, it
will be a pretty present for one of the old ladies at the
Home."

Anna read prayers after breakfast, and then, after

dusting the drawing-room, she sat down for two hours of
vigorous practise. Then she began her picture, and by
dinnertime she had her paper prepared, her outline drawn,
and her first tints washed in.

"There! I have made a good beginning!" said she,

looking at her work with great satisfaction. "And if nothing
happens, I shall have finished it before mamma comes
home, and before school begins again. I mean to work at
music and painting in the morning and take a good long
walk every afternoon. Then I will work at Mrs. Williams'
shawl in the evening, and that will use up my time nicely."

Something was destined to happen, however, which

sadly interfered with all these calculations. When Anna
returned from her walk that afternoon, she saw that the
blinds of the front bed-room were opened.

"I wonder if Lillie can have come, after all!" she said to
herself, as she quickened her steps.

She was met at the door by Caroline with a face which

promised no good news.

"Has any one come?" she asked.

"Well, yes, honey, somebody has come, though I'm

afraid it isn't any one you want to see very bad."

"Not Aunt Dorinda!" exclaimed Anna, rather more loudly

than was prudent, considering the tone in which she spoke.

"Hush, my dear! She will hear you! Yes, it is Aunt

Dorinda, sure enough! Never mind, honey, we can't help it
now. We must only make the best of it, that's all."

"Aunt Dorinda, of all people!" thought Anna, as she

went to her room to take off her hat. "Well, there is an end
to all my fine plans. However, as Caroline says, there is no
help for it now. Poor thing, I suppose I may as well have
her for a little while as anybody else. I must just leave off
studying painting and study patience, that is all."

Poor Aunt Dorinda! She was a woman of a good deal of

talent. She was tolerably rich, and decidedly well educated;
and she fully intended to be a Christian, and to do a great
deal of good in the world; and yet there was not one of all
the families she visited who did not dread to see her come
into the house, or who did not feel relieved when she went
away.

All this inconsistency is easily explained. Aunt Dorinda

never did or could mind her own business, and let the
affairs of other people alone. She was possessed with a
great desire to do good, and she was always making
presents; but she wished always to do good exactly in her
own way; and her presents were generally accompanied
with remarks and admonitions which rendered them bitter
pills to those who were obliged to accept them.

"So it seems I have come just in the nick of time!" said

she to her niece, after the first greeting. "I do wonder your
mother should have you to keep house alone. I don't
suppose you know anything about it."

"I don't have very much housekeeping to do, Aunt

Dorinda," replied Anna. "Caroline is the housekeeper when
mamma is away. And I did not expect to be alone either, for
Lillie Adams was coming to stay with me, only she was
obliged to go away unexpectedly."

"Worse and worse! Two giddy heads are worse than

one. I am surprised that your mother should think of
leaving you alone with such a vain worldly girl as Lillie
Adams."

"Lillie is neither vain nor worldly, Aunt Dorinda!" said

Anna, with spirit. "She was confirmed last Easter, and the is
a good Christian girl, if ever there was one."

"Don't tell me that, Anna Grey!" returned Aunt Dorinda,

angrily. "Haven't I seen her with my own eyes with three
ruffles on the lower skirt of her dress and as many on the
upper? Do you call that being a Christian?"

"Lillie does not follow her own taste in dress," said

Anna, smiling in spite of herself. "Her stepmother dresses
her. Lillie said to me that she preferred to dress more
plainly; but Mrs. Adams had always been so kind and good
to her, that she did not like to contradict her on a matter of
no great importance. You know, Aunt Dorinda, how
devotedly Mrs. Adams nursed Lillie through her long illness,
after she had that dreadful accident. Papa himself said that
Lillie owed her life and health more to her stepmother's
nursing than to his skill. Mrs. Adams gave up everything to
her."

"O yes, I know!" said Aunt Dorinda, scornfully. "I heard

all that when I talked to Lillie as I did about her dress."

"'What of that?' said I. 'You ought to follow your own

convictions of duty, whatever your stepmother may say.'"

"And all Lillie did was to toss head and say that 'her
convictions of duty led her to honor her father and mother.'"

"What time do you have tea?"

"At seven-o'clock, aunt, because it is more convenient

to papa: but I will order it earlier, if you are hungry, after
your ride."

"Well, I am surprised!" This was Aunt Dorinda's favorite

phrase. "I should think your father, being a physician, would
know better than to eat so late in the evening. Half-past
five is the very latest hour that any one ought to eat."

Anna could not help thinking that her father, being a

physician, would be likely to know what was good for
himself and his family; but she said nothing, and ordered
tea at half-past five, thinking that at least she would have a
good long evening to work.

Aunt Dorinda, came down at tea-time, bringing a very

large work-basket with her. She shook her head at the
biscuits, declaring them very unwholesome, but managed to
eat a fair share of them nevertheless, with a due proportion
of stewed oysters and other good things.

Anna tried to keep her entertained by asking questions

about different relatives and family friends; but she found
there was not one of them all who had not displeased Aunt
Dorinda in some way or other, generally by having opinions
of their own about the management of their private affairs.
Aunt Dorinda was one of those people who think that they
are always right, and therefore always entitled to find fault
with others. She had, as it were, cut out a pattern of
Christian character according to her own notions of
perfection, and she went about the world trying this pattern
upon all her acquaintances, and endeavoring to pare and
prune them or else to stretch them to fit it. She frowned
and shook her head when Anna brought out her crochet
work, after tea.

"Always at that useless fancy work!" said she. "Why do

you not do something useful? How much better to be
working for some poor person or for the missionaries, than
to be spending your time in such idle pursuits!"

"But this is for a poor person, aunt," said Anna,

determined not to be vexed. "It is for old Mrs. Williams, at
the Home."

"How absurd, Anna! Making such a fanciful thing for a

poor woman who is dependent for her daily bread! You
might buy a woollen shawl for half the money, which would
do her just as much good and save your time and your
funds."

"I don't think so, aunt! You see this shawl did not cost
me any money, except twenty-five cents for some scarlet-
shaded wool. Aunt Anna left it here when she went away
and told me to give it to some poor person. And almost all
the new wool I am using is made up of odds and ends left
from different pieces of work."

"Then why not give her the shawl just as your aunt left
it?"

"Because it would not be as acceptable, aunt. Mrs.

Williams loves pretty things and colors, and she will like the
shawl all the better if it is my own work."

"Humph! I suppose you flatter yourself that you are

doing all that work for Mrs. Williams and not for your own
amusement?"

"Yes, aunt, I think so," said Anna, simply.

"Well, here is the proof. I have in this basket some

shirts to be made up for a missionary at the west. Let me
see you put away that senseless worsted, and stitch one of
these bosoms."

"I cannot do it this evening, aunt, because papa does

not like to have me do fine work in the evening," said Anna,
speaking pleasantly, though she felt annoyed. "But I will
stitch it to-morrow, with pleasure."

"We shall see when to-morrow comes!" said Aunt

Dorinda, rather ungraciously. "I hope no new excuse will
turn up in the meantime. There now, child, you need not