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Kenner Genetics and Genomics for Nursing, 1/E
Chapter 7
Question 1
Type: MCSA
A client being treated for cancer is offended because she overheard a nurse say that the client had “wild-type
genes.” How should the nurse respond to calm this client?
1. “Wild-type genes are a type of gene that is stronger than normal.”
2. “The nurse was describing your resilience in fighting your illness so effectively.”
3. “The nurse was discussing a type of gene we are seeing in clients treated for cancer.”
4. “Wild-type genes are those that are normal and have not been affected by any mutation.”
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: Wild-type genes are not stronger-than-normal genes.
Rationale 2: The term wild-type genes does not refer to resilience.
Rationale 3: Wild-type genes are not caused by cancer treatments.
Rationale 4: Wild-type genes are those found in the common phenotype of a population.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Applying

Client Need: Physiological Integrity
Client Need Sub: Physiological Adaptation
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 7-1: Describe Mendelian patterns of inheritance that contribute to inherited disorders.
Question 2
Type: MCMA
A client is diagnosed with a single-gene disorder on a non–sex chromosome. How would the nurse describe this
disorder?
Standard Text: Select all that apply.
1. X-linked
2. Y-linked
3. Monogenic
Kenner, Genetics and Genomics for Nursing, 1/E Test Bank
Copyright 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
4. Dominant
5. Autosomal
Correct Answer: 3,5
Rationale 1: X-linked disorders are associated with a sex chromosome.
Rationale 2: Y-linked disorders are associated with a sex chromosome.
Rationale 3: A single-gene disorder arises from a single defective gene; hence the term monogenic.
Rationale 4: The disorder may or may not be dominant.
Rationale 5: If the defective gene is not on a sex chromosome, it is termed autosomal.
Global Rationale:

Learning Outcome: 7-1: Describe Mendelian patterns of inheritance that contribute to inherited disorders.
Question 3
Type: MCMA
A client has been diagnosed with an autosomal recessive disorder that developed in middle adulthood. No other
people in his family have manifested the disorder. The client asks the nurse why he is affected and if his children
are at risk. What would the nurse consider when formulating a reply?
Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
1. The client’s mother is a carrier of the disorder.
2. The odds are high that at least one of the client’s four younger siblings either is a carrier for the disease or will
develop it in later life.
3. The client’s father is a carrier for the disorder.
4. Because the disorder is recessive, the client’s children have a 25% chance of having inherited it.
5. All of the client’s children are at least carriers of the disorder.

Correct Answer: 1,2,3,5
Rationale 1: For the client to inherit an autosomal recessive disorder, his mother must have the disorder or be a
carrier for it.
Rationale 2: Each sibling has a 50% chance of being a carrier and a 25% chance of developing the disease.
Rationale 3: For the client to inherit an autosomal recessive disorder, his father must have the disorder or be a
carrier for it.
Rationale 4: The client’s children have a 50% chance of being affected.
Rationale 5: As this client has manifested the disorder, it is clear he inherited two recessive genes. The father
must contribute one gene to each child, so it must be a recessive gene, making the children carriers. If the
children’s mother also has the disorder or is a carrier, the children’s chances of developing the disorder are higher.
Global Rationale:
Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Planning
Learning Outcome: 7-2: Describe the major characteristics of single gene Mendelian autosomal recessive
disorders.
Question 4
Type: MCSA
The mother of a client with cystic fibrosis (CF) says, “I don’t understand why my son is sick so often when some
of the other children in our CF support group are hardly ever sick.” How should the nurse respond?
1. “We should probably test your son’s immune system.”
2. “There are many different type of CF, and they affect different people differently.”
3. “Are you certain you have been following his medication schedule exactly?”
4. “Children have different levels of disease because they have differing amounts of dysfunction in the gene that
causes CF.”
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: If the frequency of illness is the only assessment finding, it is not necessary to test the child’s
immune system.
Rationale 2: This statement is not factual and does not explain the difference in the son’s illness.
Rationale 3: The nurse should not imply that the son’s frequent illnesses are the mother’s fault.

Rationale 4: The greater the alteration in the CFTR gene, the more severe the symptoms associated with CF.
Global Rationale:

disorders.
Question 5
Type: MCSA
A client has been diagnosed with a rare autosomal recessive disorder. Which finding is the nurse most likely to
assess in the client’s pedigree?
1. Deaths from other autosomal recessive disorders
2. Many families units with only one child
3. Marriages between first cousins
4. An unusual number of adopted children
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: This disease could be the only autosomal recessive disorder in the family.
Rationale 2: There is no reason to believe that the presence of an autosomal recessive disorder would limit the
number of children born in a family.
Rationale 3: Consanguinity narrows the gene pool in a family and results in more cases in which two persons
with an autosomal recessive disease have children together.
Rationale 4: The number of adopted children and the presence of an autosomal recessive disorder have no effect
on each other.
Global Rationale:

Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment
disorders.
Question 6

Type: MCSA
The evaluation of a family pedigree reveals numerous cases of an autosomal dominant disorder. The client does
not have the disorder. What does the nurse teach the client about her children’s chances of having the disorder?
1. “Your children have a 50% chance of developing the disorder.”
2. “If your children’s father does not have the disease, they will not have the disease.”
3. “Your children cannot develop the disease.”
4. “These disorders tend to skip a generation, so there is a good chance your children will develop it.”
5.
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: This is not true of autosomal dominant disorders.
Rationale 2: This is the best way to explain the chances of the children having the disease. The mother cannot
pass it to them, but if the children’s father has the disorder, they could develop it.
Rationale 3: If the children’s father has the disorder, there is a 50% chance they will develop it.
Rationale 4: Autosomal dominant disorders do not “skip a generation.”
Rationale 5:
Global Rationale:

Learning Outcome: 7-3: Describe the major characteristics of single gene Mendelian autosomal dominant
disorders.
Question 7
Type: MCSA
A client is diagnosed with a disorder that has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. A review of the client’s
family history and pedigree does not reveal any ancestors with the disorder. How should the nurse interpret this
finding?
1. Errors have been made in the documentation of the client’s history.
2. Some ancestors experienced effects that were so minor they were not recognized.

3. A de novo mutation has occurred.
4. The client’s genetic testing should be repeated.
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: The client’s history could be accurate.
Rationale 2: This could be correct, but it is not the likeliest reason for the finding.
Rationale 3: A de novo mutation is a new, spontaneous mutation that then appears in succeeding generations.
Rationale 4: The scenario is consistent with basic Mendelian inheritance patterns. There is no reason to repeat
testing.
Global Rationale:

Learning Outcome: 7-3: Describe the major characteristics of single gene Mendelian autosomal dominant
disorders.
Question 8
Type: FIB
A woman who is a carrier of an X-linked recessive genetic disorder has a child with a man who is not affected by
the disorder. The chance that a son born to this couple will have the disease is ________ percent.
Standard Text:
Correct Answer: 50
Rationale : A woman who is a carrier of an X-linked recessive disease has one mutated X chromosome. If this
woman has a son with a man who is not affected, the man will contribute a wild-type Y chromosome. The child
has a 50% chance of inheriting a mutated X chromosome from the mother.
Global Rationale:

Learning Outcome: 7-4: Describe the major characteristics of single gene X-linked recessive and dominant
disorders.
Question 9

Type: MCMA
A nurse is providing preconception counseling to a healthy woman and her husband, who has hemophilia A. They
are very concerned about passing the disorder on to their children. What should the nurse consider before
addressing this concern?
1. Hemophilia A is diagnosed in men and women in equal numbers.
2. The daughters produced by this union will be carriers of the disorder.
3. The sons of this union will have hemophilia A.
4. The daughters of this union will have a 50% chance of passing hemophilia A on to their daughters.
5. None of the children of this union will manifest hemophilia A.
Correct Answer: 2,5
Rationale 1: Hemophilia A is diagnosed almost exclusively in men.
Rationale 2: The father will contribute his lone X chromosome to his daughters. Because hemophilia is an X-
linked disorder, that X must be affected. Daughters will be carriers of the disease.
Rationale 3: Hemophilia A is an X-linked disorder. The father contributes a Y chromosome to his sons, so there
is no direct transfer of the disorder.
Rationale 4: The daughters of this union will have a 50% chance of passing this disorder to their sons.
Rationale 5: Hemophilia affects males. The father cannot pass his affected X chromosome to sons, so they will
not be affected.
Global Rationale:

disorders.
Question 10
Type: MCSA

A man who has a Y-linked disorder has married a healthy woman. The couple is concerned about passing the
man’s disorder to their children. What should the nurse consider before responding to this concern?
1. Only the female children will be affected.
2. Female fetuses with this genotype do not survive to birth.
3. Only male children will be affected.
4. The chance the father will pass the disease on to male children is 1 in 2.
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Females cannot be affected because the disorder requires a Y chromosome.
Rationale 2: The female fetus cannot have this genotype as it requires a Y chromosome.
Rationale 3: Because the disorder is Y-linked, only males are affected.
Rationale 4: The father has only one Y chromosome to contribute, so the affected chromosome will be passed to
each son.
Global Rationale:

disorders.
Question 11
Type: MCSA
A male infant is diagnosed with a disorder of mitochondrial inheritance. What should the nurse consider when
developing a teaching plan about this disorder for the parents?
1. This disorder will affect the baby’s immunity.
2. It is very rare for a male child to be affected.
3. The child inherited this disorder from the mother.
4. This baby will likely not live past a few weeks.
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale 1: Mitochondrial disorders affect the energy production of the cells.

Rationale 2: Males and females are affected in equal numbers.
Rationale 3: Inheritance is through the maternal line.
Rationale 4: Expression of these disorders is variable. There is no indication of how affected this child is or how
long he may live.
Global Rationale:

Learning Outcome: 7-5: Identify nontraditional Mendelian disorders such as mitochondrial disorders, genomic
imprinting, unipaternal disomy, and unstable triplet repeat mutations.
Question 12
Type: MCMA
A teenager is diagnosed with a disorder of mitochondrial inheritance. What assessment findings would the nurse
expect to find in this client’s history?
1. Hearing loss
2. Loss of ability to taste
3. Frequent nosebleeds
4. Exercise intolerance
5. Generalized fatigue
Correct Answer: 1,4,5
Rationale 1: Unexplained hearing loss is a finding associated with mitochondrial disorders.
Rationale 2: Taste disturbances are not associated with mitochondrial disorders.
Rationale 3: Frequent nosebleeds are not associated with mitochondrial disorders.
Rationale 4: Mitochondrial disorders affect energy supply.
Rationale 5: Mitochondrial disorders affect energy supply.

Global Rationale:

Question 13
Type: MCMA
A child has been diagnosed with Fragile X syndrome. The nurse would explain that this child is at risk for which
other disorders?
1. Autism
2. Hyperactivity
3. Mitral valve prolapse
4. Learning disabilities
5. Huntington disease
Rationale 1: Fragile X syndrome is associated with autism.
Rationale 2: Fragile X syndrome is associated with hyperactivity.
Rationale 3: The connective tissue weakness common in Fragile X syndrome puts the client at risk for mitral
valve prolapse.
Rationale 4: Fragile X syndrome is the most common hereditary disorder associated with mental retardation.
Rationale 5: The gene alterations that cause Fragile X are not associated with Huntington disease.
Global Rationale:


Question 14
Type: MCSA
The nurse is reviewing an obstetric client’s history and physical assessment. Which finding is most likely to alert
the nurse to the possibility of a genetic disorder in the infant?
1. Family history of genetic disorders
2. Infant’s large size for gestational age
3. Low serum glucose in mother on initial screening
4. History of smoking in mother and father
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: Of all the diagnostic tools used by health care providers, the family history is most indicative of a
potential genetic disorder.
Rationale 2: Being large for gestational age may be associated with any number of diseases that are not genetic in
nature.
Rationale 3: Low serum glucose is a common finding and would not alert the nurse to a possible genetic disorder.
Rationale 4: Smoking during pregnancy may adversely affect the fetus but is unlikely to cause genetic disorders.
Global Rationale:

Learning Outcome: 7-6: Describe the role of nurses and other health care professionals in providing information
about Mendelian disease to patients and families.
Question 15
Type: MCMA
A couple has delivered an infant with a serious genetic disorder. Which nursing diagnoses would likely apply to
this family?

1. Altered Family Processes
2. Anticipatory Grieving
3. Anxiety
4. Ineffective Denial
5. Ineffective Management: Therapeutic Family Regimen
Rationale 1: The normal rhythms of this family have been disrupted.
Rationale 2: The family will grieve for the loss of a normal child.
Rationale 3: The time of the first diagnosis will be a time of great anxiety.
Rationale 4: Denial is a common coping mechanism for parents who have just been told their child has a
disability.
Rationale 5: The family is more likely to be very attuned to prescribed therapies, especially at the time of initial
diagnosis.
Global Rationale:

Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Client Need Sub:
Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Diagnosis
Learning Outcome: 7-6: Describe the role of nurses and other health care professionals in providing information
about Mendelian disease to patients and families.

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The Project Gutenberg eBook of An outline of
humor
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.
Title: An outline of humor
Editor: Carolyn Wells
Release date: May 24, 2022 [eBook #68163]
Language: English
Original publication: United States: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1923
Credits: Charlene Taylor, Karin Spence and the Online

Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
(This file was produced from images generously made
available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN OUTLINE

OF HUMOR ***
An
Outline of Humor
Being a True Chronicle From
Prehistoric Ages to the
Twentieth Century
Edited by
Carolyn Wells
Editor of
“The Book of Humorous Verse,”
“A Nonsense Anthology,” etc.
G. P. Putnam’s Sons
New York & London
The Knickerbocker Press
1923
Copyright, 1923
by
Carolyn Wells Houghton
Made in the United States of America
Dedicated
with
Highest Regard
to
DOCTOR HUBER GRAY BUEHLER
FOREWORD
Outlining is a modern art. For centuries we have collected and

selected, compiled and compended, but only of late have we
outlined.
And an Outline is a result differing in kind from the other work
mentioned, and presenting different conditions and contingencies.
An Outline, owing to its sweep of magnificent distances, can touch
only the high spots, and can but skim those. Not in its province is
criticism or exhaustive commentary. Not in its scope are long
effusions or lengthy extracts.
Nor may it include everybody or everything that logically belongs
to it.
An Outline is at best an irregular proposition, and the Outliner
must follow his irregular path as best he may. But one thing is
imperative, the Outliner must be conscientious. He must weigh to the
best of his knowledge and belief the claims to inclusion that his
opportunities present. He must pick and choose with all the
discernment of which he is capable and while following his best
principles of taste he must sink his personal preferences in his
regard for his Outline as a whole.
Nor can he pick and choose his audience. To one reader,—or
critic,—a hackneyed selection is tiresome, while to another it is a
novelty and a revelation. And it must be remembered that a
hackneyed poem is a favorite one and a favorite is one adjudged
best, by a consensus of human opinion, and is therefore a high spot
to be touched upon.
While the Outline is generally chronological, it is not a history and
dates are not given. Also, when it seemed advisable to desert the
chronological path for the topographical one, that was done.
Yet Foreign Literatures cannot be adequately treated in an Outline
printed in English. Translations are at best misleading. If the
translation is a poor one, the pith and moment of the original is
partly, or wholly lost. And if the translation be of great merit, the work
may show the merit of the new rendition rather than the original.
And aside from all that, few translations of Humor are to be found.
The translators of foreign tongues choose first the philosophy, the
fiction or the serious poetry of the other nations, leaving the humor, if
any there be, to hang unplucked on the tree of knowledge.
So the foreign material is scant, but the high spots are touched as
far as could be found convenient.
The Outline stops at the year 1900. Humor since then is too close
to be viewed in proper perspective.
But the present Outliner mainly hopes to show how, with steady
footstep, from the Caveman to the current comics Humor has
followed the Flag.
C. W.
New York,
April, 1923.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
All rights on poems and prose in this volume are reserved by the
authorized publisher, the author, or the holder of copyright, with
whom special arrangements have been made for including such
material in this work. The editor expresses thanks for such
permission as indicated below.
D. Appleton & Company: For “To a Mosquito” by William Cullen
Bryant; “Tushmaker’s Tooth-Puller” by G. H. Derby; and for “The
Sad End of Brer Wolf” by Joel C. Harris, from Uncle Remus, His
Songs and His Sayings.
The Century Co.: For an extract from the “Chimmie Fadden”
stories; and for the poem “What’s in a Name?” by R. K.
Munkittrick.
David McKay Company: For “Ballad of the Noble Ritter Hugo” by
Charles G. Leland.
Dodd, Mead and Company: For “At the Sign of the Cock” by Owen
Seaman; “Here Is the Tale” by Anthony C. Deane; and “On a
Fan” and “The Rondeau” by Austin Dobson.
Forbes & Company: For “If I Should Die To-Night” and “The
Pessimist” by Ben King.
Harper & Brothers: For “Elegy” and “Mavrone” by Arthur
Guiterman. With the permission of the Estate of Samuel L.
Clemens, the Mark Twain Company, and Harper & Brothers,
publishers, with a full reservation of all copyright privileges is
included an extract from the “Jumping Frog” by Mark Twain.
Hurst & Company: For an extract from “Bill Nye.”
Houghton Mifflin Company: With their permission and by special
arrangement with them as authorized publishers of the following
authors’ works, are used selections from: Charles E. Carryl, Guy
Wetmore Carryl, Ralph Waldo Emerson, James T. Fields, Bret
Harte, John Hay, Oliver Wendell Holmes, James Russell Lowell,
John G. Saxe, E. R. Sill, Bayard Taylor.
Little, Brown & Company: For five limericks and “The Two Old
Bachelors” from Nonsense Books.
Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co.: For “A Philosopher” by Sam Walter
Foss from Dreams in Homespun; also for an extract from “The
Partington Papers” by B. P. Shillaber.
The Macmillan Company: For verses from Through the Looking-
Glass by Lewis Carroll.
Charles Scribner’s Sons: For “Two Men” and “Miniver Cheevy” by
E. A. Robinson from The Children of the Night and The Town
Down the River.
Small, Maynard & Company: For an extract from Finley Peter
Dunne (Mr. Dooley).
CONTENTS
PAGE
Introduction 3
Ancient Humor 21
Middle Division 43
Part I. Greece 43
Part II. Rome 86
Part III. Mediæval Ages 120
Modern Humor 253
English Wit and Humor 253
French Wit and Humor 312
German Wit and Humor 337
Italian Wit and Humor 343
Spanish Wit and Humor 359
The Seventeenth Century 364
English Humor 364
French Humor 390
German Humor 412
The Eighteenth Century 415
The Nineteenth Century 445
English Humor 446
French Humor 560
German Humor 586
Italian Humor 616
Spanish Humor 626
Russian Humor 631
American Humor 643
Index 761
An Outline of Humor
INTRODUCTION
Speaking exactly, an Outline of the World’s Humor is an
impossibility.
For surely the adjectives most applicable to humor are elusive,
evasive, evanescent, ephemeral, intangible, imponderable, and
other terms expressing unavailability.
To outline such a thing is like trying to trap a sunbeam or bound
an ocean.
Yet an Outline of the History of the World’s recorded humor as
evolved by the Human Race, seems within the possibilities.
First of all, it must be understood that the term humor is here used
in its broadest, most comprehensive sense. Including both wit and
humor; including the comic, fun, mirth, laughter, gayety, repartee,—
all types and classes of jests and jokes.
The earliest reference to this mental element is that of Aristotle,
and the word he uses to represent it is translated the Ridiculous.
His definition states that the Ridiculous is that which is in itself
incongruous, without involving the notion of danger or pai
Coleridge thus refers to Aristotle’s definition:
“Where the laughable is its own end, and neither inference nor
moral is intended, or where at least the writer would wish it so to
appear, there arises what we call drollery. The pure, unmixed,
ludicrous or laughable belongs exclusively to the understanding, and
must be presented under the form of the senses; it lies within the
spheres of the eye and the ear, and hence is allied to the fancy. It
does not appertain to the reason or the moral sense, and accordingly
is alien to the imagination. I think Aristotle has already excellently
defined the laughable, τò γελοíον, as consisting of, or depending on,
what is out of its proper time and place, yet without danger or pain.
Here the impropriety—τò ἄτοπον—is the positive qualification; the
dangerlessness—τò ἀχίνδυνον—the negative. The true ludicrous is its
own end. When serious satire commences, or satire that is felt as
serious, however comically drest, free and genuine laughter ceases; it
becomes sardonic. This you experience in reading Young, and also
not unfrequently in Butler. The true comic is the blossom of the nettle.”
Yet, notwithstanding Coleridge’s scientific views on the subject,
Humor is not an exact science. It is, more truly, an art, whose
principles are based on several accepted theories, and some other
theories, not so readily accepted or admitted only in part by these
who have thought and written on the subject.
A true solution of the mystery of why a joke makes us laugh, has
yet to be found. To the mind of the average human being, anything
that makes him laugh is a joke. Why it does so, there are very few to
know and fewer still to care.
Nor are the Cognoscenti in much better plight. A definition of
humor has been attempted by many great and wise minds. Like
squaring the circle, it has been argued about repeatedly, it has been
written about voluminously. It has been settled in as many different
ways as there have been commentators on the subject. And yet no
definition, no formula has ever been evolved that is entirely
satisfactory.
Aristotle’s theory of the element of the incongruous has come to
be known as the Disappointment theory, or Frustrated Expectation.
But Aristotle voiced another theory, which he, in turn, derived from
Plato.
Plato said, though a bit indefinitely, that the pleasure we derive in
laughing at the comic is an enjoyment of other people’s misfortune,
due to a feeling of superiority or gratified vanity that we ourselves are
not in like plight.
This is called the Derision theory, and as assimilated and
expressed by Aristotle comes near to impinging on and coinciding
with his own Disappointment theory.
Moreover, he attempted to combine the two.
For, he said, we always laugh at someone, but in the case, where
laughter arises from a deceived expectation, our mistake makes us
laugh at ourselves.
In fact, Plato held, in his vague and indefinite statements that
there is a disappointment element, a satisfaction element, and
sometimes a combination of the two in the make-up of the thing we
are calling Humor.
All of which is not very enlightening, but it is to be remembered
that those were the first fluttering flights of imagination that sought to
pin down the whole matter; yet among the scores that have followed,
diverging in many directions, we must admit few, if any, are much
more succinct or satisfactory.
The Derision or Discomfiture Theory holds that all pleasure in
laughing at a comic scene is an enjoyment of another’s discomfiture.
Yet it must be only discomfiture, not grave misfortune or sorrow.
If a man’s hat blows off and he runs out into the street after it, we
laugh; but if he is hit by a passing motor car, we do not laugh. If a fat
man slips on a banana peel and lands in a mud puddle, we laugh;
but if he breaks his leg we do not laugh.
It is the ridiculous discomfiture of another that makes a joke, not
the serious accident, and though there are other types and other
theories of the cause of humor, doubtless the majority of jokes are
based on this principle.
From the Circus Clown to Charlie Chaplin, episodes of
discomfiture make us laugh. Every newspaper cartoon or comic
series hinges on the discomfiture of somebody. The fly on the bald
head, the collar button under the bureau, the henpecked husband,
all depend for their humor on the trifling misfortune that makes its
victim ridiculous.
An enjoyment of this discomfiture of a fellow man is inherent in
human nature, and though there are subtler jests, yet this type has a
grip on the risibilities that can never be loosened.
Can we doubt that it was the Serpent’s laughing at the
discomfiture of Adam and Eve, caught in deshabille, that caused
them to rush for the nearest fig tree? Or perhaps, their eyes being
opened, they laughed at one another. Anyway, they were decidedly
discomfited, and did their best to remedy matters.
This Derision Theory includes also the jests at the ignorance or
stupidity of another. The enormous vogue of the Noodle jokes, some
centuries ago, hinged on the delight felt in the superiority of the
hearer over the subject of the jest. All laughable blunders, every
social faux pas, all funny stories of children’s sayings and doings are
based on the consciousness of superiority. Practical jokes represent
the simplest form of this theory, as in them the discomfiture of the
other person is the prime element, with no subtle byplay to relieve it.
A mild example is the polite rejoinder of the street car conductor
when a lady asked at which end of the car she should get off.
“Either end, madame,” he responded, “both ends stop.”
An extreme specimen is the man who told the story of a burning
house—“I saw a fellow up on the roof,” he related, “and I called to
him, ‘Jump, and I’ll catch you in a blanket!’ Well, I had to laugh,—he
jumped,—and I didn’t have no blanket!”
Implied discomfiture is in the story of the agnostic, who was
buried in his evening clothes. “Poor Jim,” said a funeral guest; “he
didn’t believe in Heaven and he didn’t believe in Hell; and there he
lies, all dressed up and no place to go!”
Almost a practical joke is the man who, reading a newspaper,
suddenly exclaimed, “Why, here’s a list of people who won’t eat
onions any more!” And when his hearer asked to see the list, he
handed over the obituary column.
The Disappointment Theory, though overlapping the Derision
Theory at times, is based on the idea that the essence of the
laughable is the incongruous.
Hazlitt says:
“We laugh at absurdity; we laugh at deformity. We laugh at a bottle-
nose in a caricature; at a stuffed figure of an alderman in a
pantomime, and at the tale of Slaukenbergius. A dwarf standing by a
giant makes a contemptible figure enough. Rosinante and Dapple are
laughable from contrast, as their masters from the same principle
make two for a pair. We laugh at the dress of foreigners, and they at
ours. Three chimney-sweepers meeting three Chinese in Lincoln’s Inn
Fields, they laughed at one another till they were ready to drop down.

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Genetics and Genomics for Nursing 1st

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Genetics and Genomics for Nursing 1st Edition Kenner

Genetics and Genomics in Nursing and Health Care 1st

Genetics and Genomics in Nursing and Health Care 2nd

Genetics Essentials Concepts and Connections 1st

Quality and Safety for Transformational Nursing Core

Nursing Leadership and Management for Patient Safety

Maternal Child Nursing Care Optimizing Outcomes for

Genetics Analysis and Principles 5th Edition Brooker

1. “Wild-type genes are a type of gene that is stronger than normal.”

Rationale 1: Wild-type genes are not stronger-than-normal genes.

Rationale 2: The term wild-type genes does not refer to resilience.

Rationale 3: Wild-type genes are not caused by cancer treatments.

Cognitive Level: Applying

Standard Text: Select all that apply.

Correct Answer: 3,5

Rationale 1: X-linked disorders are associated with a sex chromosome.

Rationale 2: Y-linked disorders are associated with a sex chromosome.

Rationale 4: The disorder may or may not be dominant.

Rationale 5: If the defective gene is not on a sex chromosome, it is termed autosomal.

Cognitive Level: Applying

Standard Text: Select all that apply.

1. The client’s mother is a carrier of the disorder.

3. The client’s father is a carrier for the disorder.

5. All of the client’s children are at least carriers of the disorder.

Kenner, Genetics and Genomics for Nursing, 1/E Test Bank

Rationale 4: The client’s children have a 50% chance of being affected.

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

1. “We should probably test your son’s immune system.”

Kenner, Genetics and Genomics for Nursing, 1/E Test Bank

Cognitive Level: Applying

1. Deaths from other autosomal recessive disorders

2. Many families units with only one child

3. Marriages between first cousins

4. An unusual number of adopted children

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Kenner, Genetics and Genomics for Nursing, 1/E Test Bank

1. “Your children have a 50% chance of developing the disorder.”

3. “Your children cannot develop the disease.”

Rationale 1: This is not true of autosomal dominant disorders.

Rationale 4: Autosomal dominant disorders do not “skip a generation.”

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

1. Errors have been made in the documentation of the client’s history.

Kenner, Genetics and Genomics for Nursing, 1/E Test Bank

4. The client’s genetic testing should be repeated.

Rationale 1: The client’s history could be accurate.

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Kenner, Genetics and Genomics for Nursing, 1/E Test Bank

Standard Text: Select all that apply.

1. Hemophilia A is diagnosed in men and women in equal numbers.

2. The daughters produced by this union will be carriers of the disorder.

3. The sons of this union will have hemophilia A.

5. None of the children of this union will manifest hemophilia A.

Correct Answer: 2,5

Rationale 1: Hemophilia A is diagnosed almost exclusively in men.

Cognitive Level: Analyzing

Kenner, Genetics and Genomics for Nursing, 1/E Test Bank

1. Only the female children will be affected.

2. Female fetuses with this genotype do not survive to birth.

3. Only male children will be affected.

Rationale 1: Females cannot be affected because the disorder requires a Y chromosome.

Rationale 3: Because the disorder is Y-linked, only males are affected.