Genetics #2

Introduction (start on page 147 of your on-line textbook):

1. _______________ contains instructions to build the proteins that your cells
need to function.
2. DNA is arranged in _________________.
3. A section of DNA that codes for a protein is called a _____________.
4. There may be ___________________ of genes on a single chromosome.
5. Humans have about _____________ genes.
6. Everyone has the same genes. What makes people different?

7. How many chromosomes do humans have?

8. What are pairs 1-22 called?
9. What is another name for the last pair of chromosomes?

10.
11.How much DNA will organisms that reproduce sexually pass on to their
offspring?
12.What is meiosis?

13. What are daughter cells and what is another name they go by?

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14.What is this picture showing and what is different between these two?

15.When chromosomes make a pair, what are they called?

16.What is the difference you notice between the normal and the mutated
hemoglobin DNA?

17. Describe the difference between dominant and recessive genes.

18.What is a punnett square and what are they used for?

19.What are the missing genotypes and how did you know?

20.What are autosomal traits?

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21.What are sex-linked traits?

22.Label the genotypes for these people:

23. Tell the name of this chart and what it shows about the trait.

24.Describe, and give an example of codominance.

25.Describe, and give an example of incomplete dominance.

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Story Problems (show work on all of these):
1. In guinea pigs, short hair is recessive to long hair. Use a punnett
square that will show you the genotype and phenotype of a cross
between a purebred long haired pig and a hybrid long haired pig.

2. Hornless (H) in cattle is dominant over horned (h). A homozygous

hornless bull is mated with a homozygous horned cow. What will be
the genotype and phenotype of the offspring?

3. In tomatoes, red fruit (R) is dominant over yellow fruit (r). A plant
that is homozygous for red fruit is crossed with a plant that has yellow
fruit. What will be the genotype and phenotype of the offspring?

4. In humans, being a tongue roller (R) is dominant over non-roller (r).

A man who is a non-roller marries a woman who is heterozygous for
tongue rolling. What will be the genotype and phenotype of the
offspring?

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5. Brown eyes in humans are dominant to blue eyes. A brown-eyed man,
whose mother was blue-eyed, marries a brown-eyed woman whose
father had blue eyes. What is the probability that this couple will have
a blue-eyed child? _______ (show your work)

6. In pea plants, round (R) is dominant to wrinkled (r). A heterozygous

female is crossed with a wrinkled male. Make a Punnett Square to
determine the possible offspring.

7. A man with Type O blood marries a woman with heterozygous Type

A blood. Use a punnett square to show the genotypes of the offspring.

8. A hemophiliac male marries a normal female. What are the chances

they will have a hemophiliac child?

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9. Use this pedigree to tell the genotypes of the following people:
a. Arlene
b. George
c. Ann and Michael
d. Sandra
e. Tell three who are carriers.

10.Use the chart below for these questions:

a. Is individual #1 most likely homozygous dominant or
heterozygous? Explain how you can tell.
b. What is the genotype for individual #3?
c. Can you be sure of the genotypes of the affected siblings of
individual #3? Explain.

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 Dragon Babies
Use the information provided in class to fill in the following information:
Who is your spouse? _________________________________

Green Autosomes
GENOTYPES Alleles in
Egg Sperm TRAIT---Phenotype of Baby

Red Autosomes
GENOTYPES Alleles in
Egg Sperm TRAIT---Phenotype of Baby

Orange Autosomes
GENOTYPES Alleles in
Egg Sperm TRAIT---Phenotype of Baby

Yellow Autosomes
GENOTYPES Alleles in

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Egg Sperm TRAIT---Phenotype of Baby

Sex Chromosomes
GENOTYPES Alleles in
Egg Sperm TRAIT---Phenotype of Baby

Questions
1.How does dropping the stick on the table and transcribing the letters on the sides facing up
follow Mendel’s Law of Segregation? [First state the law.]

2.Explain how dropping the green, orange, and red sticks illustrates Mendel’s Law of
Independent Assortment? [First state the law.]

3.The gene for fangs is recessive, yet most of the dragons have fangs. How can this happen?
[Hint. The gene that causes dwarfism (achondroplasia) in humans is dominant.]

4. What is the sex of your baby?

5.What are sex-linked traits and which of these traits are sex-linked?

6. Identify any gene deletions or inversions in the chromosomes you have.

7. What traits are more likely to be found in males?
8. How might these be an advantage to this sex?

9. What traits are more likely to be found in females?

10. How might these be an advantage to this sex?