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Name: Class: Date:
2. Which term defines a set of potential candidates who may be interested in, and who are likely to apply for, a
specific job?
a. members of a protected group
b. the labour market
c. a contingent work force
d. an applicant pool
ANSWER: d
3. What concept refers to the generation of an applicant pool for a position in order to provide the required
number of qualified candidates for selection or promotion?
a. recruitment
b. human resource planning
c. selection
d. hiring
ANSWER: a
4. According to the opening vignette, Employers Brew up New Ways to Recruit Talent, what percentage of
positions is never advertised?
a. 25 percent
b. 40 percent
c. 55 percent
d. 70 percent
ANSWER: d
5. According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT an external factor affecting recruitment?
a. labour market
b. competition
c. sustainability
d. legislation
ANSWER: c
6. Which of the following terms refers to contracting with an outside agent to take over specified human
resource functions?
a. contract work
b. contingent work
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7. Which factor defines the intentional or unintentional exclusion of designated groups through recruitment and
selection?
a. direct discrimination
b. systemic discrimination
c. indirect discrimination
d. intentional discrimination
ANSWER: b
8. According to the textbook, which of the following internal factors affects recruitment?
a. supply of labour
b. legal requirements
c. strategic goals
d. competition
ANSWER: a
11. Which of the following external methods is associated with the highest retention rates?
a. referrals
b. employment agencies
c. university job fairs
d. professional associations
ANSWER: a
12. Which term refers to advertising that is designed to raise an organization’s profile in a positive manner in
order to attract interest from job seekers?
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15. What occurs during the recruitment and selection process when candidates form an opinion that they do not
want to work in the organization for which they are being recruited?
a. negative perception
b. realistic job preview
c. opting out
d. self-selecting out
ANSWER: d
16. Which of the following would NOT be considered an effective recruiting guideline?
a. Give serious consideration to the content of information presented to candidates, rather than the
context in which it is presented.
b. Present important information about the job and the organization to candidates by several different,
reliable, and credible sources.
c. Recognize that the behaviour of recruiters and other representatives gives an impression of the
organization’s climate, efficiency, and attitude toward employees.
d. Ensure that all recruiting information and materials given to job applicants present accurate and
consistent information, whether positive or negative.
ANSWER: a
17. What term is defined as the process through which an organization reaches a decision that a job candidate
fits the organization’s values and culture, and has the attributes desired by the organization?
a. person–job fit
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18. Which of the following is NOT an outcome of a mismatched individual relative to the job and the
organization?
a. absenteeism
b. low productivity
c. presenteeism
d. turnover
ANSWER: c
19. Which of the following is NOT a factor that plays an influential role in creating accurate expectations that
candidates hold about prospective jobs?
a. information technology
b. communication media
c. content of information
d. source of information
ANSWER: a
20. What type of measures used to evaluate recruiting methods includes turnover and absenteeism?
a. attitudinal
b. performance
c. behavioural
d. subjective
ANSWER: c
Scenario 6-1
At TS Inc, a growing BC aviation company of 30 employees, recruitment rests on the shoulders of the
president. Like most small companies, TS Inc. frequently uses employee referrals as a method of recruitment.
The company wants to use Internet recruitment technologies but is not well versed in information technology.
The CEO is very concerned about poor hiring decisions and turnover costs.
21. Refer to Scenario 6-1. From what labour market should TS Inc. recruit aircraft maintenance engineers?
a. local
b. regional
c. global
d. national
ANSWER: b
22. Refer to Scenario 6-1. What method of recruiting would be most suitable for hiring aircraft maintenance
engineers for TS Inc.?
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23. Refer to Scenario 6-1. What would be the LEAST effective e-recruitment method for recruiting aircraft
maintenance engineers?
a. national and international Internet job boards (e.g., Workopolis.ca)
b. professional and career websites (e.g., aviation professional and industry associations)
c. technical school websites (e.g., recent aircraft maintenance engineer graduates)
d. TS Inc.’s website
ANSWER: a
24. Refer to Scenario 6-1. Which of the following would TS Inc. need to be prepared for with a switch to
Internet recruiting?
a. much higher advertising costs
b. much higher volume of applicants to manage
c. long lead times
d. reduced number of local applicants
ANSWER: d
25. Refer to Scenario 6-1. What does TS Inc. need to consider to ensure a good person–organization fit?
a. image advertising and branding
b. creation of high expectations of the candidate
c. sufficient orientation and training
d. accurate communication, perceptions, and expectations
ANSWER: d
Scenario 6-2
The shortage of professionals is a well-documented global issue occurring in countries with aging populations.
As a result, an organization such as BCH, a health-care organization that oversees many diverse unionized
health services in British Columbia, is experiencing staff shortages in nursing. Patients’ waiting times have
increased dramatically. Sixty percent of nurses will be eligible for retirement by 2022. Young graduate nurses
are moving out of the province to health-care providers that are aggressively recruiting and providing new hires
with incentives ranging from flexible work alternatives to educational funding support. Twenty percent of
nurses are off the job due to illness or injury. Eighty percent of nurses are single parents, support an elderly
parent(s), or are a primary caregiver. BCH believes that becoming an “employer of choice” is a way to attract
and retain its health-care professionals.
26. Refer to Scenario 6-2. What is the goal of BCH’s nursing job-related selection system?
a. to generate an applicant pool for nursing positions in order to provide the required number of
qualified nurses for selection
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27. Refer to Scenario 6-2. Which of the following conditions is important, but not always the most influential
factor in attracting highly educated professional nurses to BCH?
a. opportunity to incorporate their interests and values
b. autonomy and decision-making authority
c. opportunities for self-development
d. security and income
ANSWER: d
28. Refer to Scenario 6-2. What is the term for BCH’s process of gathering information about demographics
such as nursing shortages and the aging population?
a. needs analysis
b. labour market analysis
c. organizational planning
d. demographic analysis
ANSWER: b
29. Refer to Scenario 6-2. Which two external factors are influencing BCH’s recruitment strategy?
a. BCH’s business plan of becoming an employer of choice and its union contract
b. the job expectations and the attitudes of nurse applicants
c. BCH’s organizational and job analysis
d. the scarcity of qualified nursing labour and the legal environment
ANSWER: d
30. Refer to Scenario 6-2. Which two internal factors are influencing BCH’s recruitment strategy?
a. the scarcity of qualified nursing labour and the legal environment
b. BCH’s business plan of becoming an employer of choice and its union contracts
c. the job expectations and the attitudes of the nurse applicants
d. the part-time labour market and outsourcing
ANSWER: b
31. Refer to Scenario 6-2. Which factors are LEAST important when BCH is developing its recruitment
strategy?
a. external factors
b. internal factors
c. labour market factors
d. legislative factors
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32. Refer to Scenario 6-2. Upon what should BCH’s nursing recruitment decisions be based?
a. an assessment of the labour market
b. new health legislation
c. organizational and job analyses
d. review of mission statement
ANSWER: c
33. Refer to Scenario 6-2. What would be the most effective way to advertise for nurses?
a. internal postings job board
b. nurses’ professional websites
c. external job board
d. national newspaper
ANSWER: b
34. Refer to Scenario 6-2. Which of the following questions would NOT be relevant to a job advertisement
campaign to target nursing applicants?
a. How will the costs of advertising be balanced by reaching the target applicant pool?
b. What advertising media will reach the target applicant pool?
c. How many applicants do we need to fill the position with qualified people?
d. What type of ad content will attract the target applicant pool’s attention?
ANSWER: a
35. Refer to Scenario 6-2. What is the process when a nurse forms the opinion during recruitment that he or she
does not want to work for BCH?
a. negative organizational perceptions
b. self-selecting out
c. realistic job preview
d. negative job expectations
ANSWER: b
36. Refer to Scenario 6-2. Which work alternatives may help BCH recruit and retain both its senior and younger
new nurses?
a. part-time positions
b. contract positions
c. temporary work
d. family-friendly practices
ANSWER: d
37. Refer to Scenario 6-2. What process is designed to raise BCH’s profile in a positive manner in order to
attract job seekers’ interest?
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38. Refer to Scenario 6-2. Which strategy is BCH using to establish its identity and perception in the
marketplace as an employer of choice?
a. image advertising
b. human resource planning
c. branding
d. strategic planning
ANSWER: c
39. Refer to Scenario 6-2. What does BCH need to consider to ensure a good person–organization fit?
a. image advertising
b. creating high expectations
c. recruitment and selection training
d. accurate communication, perceptions, and expectations
ANSWER: d
40. Refer to Scenario 6-2. Which of the following approaches can BCH use to ensure that nurse applicants have
a realistic understanding of the job they are to perform?
a. realistic job previews
b. decision-making training
c. clarifying organizational values and goals
d. self-selecting out
ANSWER: a
Scenario 6-3
You are an HRM consultant working with several municipal governments across Eastern Canada to help them
recruit future managers. As the baby boom generation retires, it is getting more difficult to find replacements to
fill management-level public-sector positions. You have been involved in promoting several managers from
within the organizations and have embarked on a program of leadership development and succession planning.
In trying to recruit business school graduates, you have heard young job seekers state that they perceive
government as a negative place to work and would not consider applying for government management
positions.
41. Refer to Scenario 6-3. What is an important but not always the most influential factor when attracting young
business graduates?
a. opportunity to use their knowledge, skills, and abilities
b. reputation of the organization and location
c. flexible work schedule
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42. Refer to Scenario 6-3. What might the municipalities design to raise their profile in a positive manner in
order to attract young business job seekers?
a. image advertising
b. a corporate image
c. branding
d. realistic job previews
ANSWER: a
43. Refer to Scenario 6-3. How could the municipalities build a positive perception about government
organizations in the minds of the young business job seekers?
a. image advertising
b. a corporate image
c. branding
d. realistic job previews
ANSWER: c
45. The best defence against charges of systemic discrimination is to document that every attempt has been
made to attract members from the protected group.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
46. Employment equity involves policies and practices to increase the presence of visible minorities and gay
individuals in the workplace.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
47. Mission and values do NOT play a role in the recruitment process.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
48. There is evidence that employees recruited by referral remain longer in the organization.
a. True
49. Walk-in and write-in methods of job recruitment are inexpensive ways to fill entry-level positions, and they
are more effective than referrals because there is no nepotism.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
50. One disadvantage of employee referrals is that they may lead to discrimination and inbreeding.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
51. According to the textbook, approximately 87 percent of respondents to a Jobvite survey indicated that they
use some form of social media to recruit.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
53. One disadvantage of Internet recruiting is that it results in an overwhelming number of applicants, many of
whom are unqualified.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
54. Social network sites for job applicants might be discriminatory if disabled individuals are required to post
photographs of themselves.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
55. Social network sites protect the private information of job applicants such as age, religion, and ethnicity, and
are not discriminatory.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
56. One disadvantage of using Canada Employment Centres for recruitment is that hiring success is limited to
57. Ensuring accurate job expectations during the recruitment and selection process helps develop a good
organization–job fit between the person and the organization.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
58. Realistic job previews are intended to improve the fit between the job candidate and the organization.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
59. What is recruitment? What information does an organization need to make a decision to recruit?
ANSWER: Recruitment is the generation of an applicant pool for a position or job in order to provide the
required number of qualified candidates for subsequent selection or promotion processes. Decisions
to recruit candidates for jobs in organizations are based on:
• an assessment of the internal and external factors affecting the organization;
• an organizational analysis based on those factors;
• a job analysis that identifies worker behaviours and characteristics that will identify candidates who
are qualified for the position.
60. Choose an organization you are familiar with. Describe three constraints affecting the organization’s
recruitment and selection process.
ANSWER: Constraints to recruitment and selection can include organizational policies; legislation; labour
market; economy; business plan; recruiting strategy and goals; job level and type; human resource
plans; demographics; work force diversity; technology; globalization; competition; organizational
structure; organizational vision, mission, values, and culture; union/nonunion environment; and cost
containment. For example, if an information technology company requires specialized KSAOs in
information technology in order to compete globally, the organization will need to target and expand
its recruiting efforts.
61. Describe an organization you are familiar with. Describe the current and potential influence that the
organization’s external environment has on the human resource management planning, staffing and retention
practices, and how the organization can respond to these challenges. Describe the organization’s internal
environment and its relationship to the organization’s strategy and its human resource planning, recruitment,
selection, and retention practices.
ANSWER: External environment factors can include the following types: economic, labour market,
demographic, legal, work force diversity, technology, globalization, and competition. Internal
environment factors can include organizational structure, job level and type, business plan,
organizational vision, mission, value and culture, union/nonunion environment, and cost
containment.
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For example, if qualified labour is scarce, the organization must broaden its recruitment process and
increase its expenses. If an organization is expanding globally, it must identify, recruit, and select
individuals based on competencies related to success abroad. The organization must deal with issues
concerning family adjustment to new cultures and the managers’ potential lack of personal
adjustment to the foreign business environment.
62. Shortages of health-care professionals are a well-documented global issue occurring in countries with aging
populations. As a result, organizations such as BCH, a health-care organization that oversees many diverse
unionized health services in British Columbia, are experiencing staff shortages in nursing. Patients’ waiting
times have increased dramatically. Sixty percent of the nurses will be eligible for retirement by 2022. Young
graduate nurses are moving out of the province to health-care providers that are aggressively recruiting and
providing new hires with incentives ranging from flexible work alternatives to educational funding support.
Twenty percent of nurses are off the job due to illness or injury. Eighty percent of nurses are single parents,
support an elderly parent(s), or are a primary care giver. BCH believes that becoming an “employer of choice”
is a way to attract and retain its health-care professionals. Develop a comprehensive recruitment strategy for
nurses at BCH.
ANSWER: Refer to Recruitment and Selection Notebook 6.2, Elements of a Recruitment and Staffing Action
Plan, and Figure 6.1, Recruitment as Part of the HR Planning Process for the human resources
planning questions that must be answered in order to form BCH’s recruitment strategy. Some areas
of discussion include conducting an organizational analysis and job analysis; developing an
organizational vision and strategic plan (e.g., to become an employer of choice); and conducting an
environmental scan of the demographic information particular to nurse shortages (e.g., reduced
training; increased nurse illness/leaves; increased family-care responsibilities; increased relocations
to other provinces and the United States; fiscal challenges in the health-care sector; new methods of
delivering programs and services; changing nature of the position; varied degree and diploma
requirements; union environment; increasingly part-time labour market; reduced labour supply; aging
population/increasing number of patients; government health-care legislation; human rights; privacy
and workers compensation legislation; and other organizational external and internal factors).
Ultimately, BCH faces a significant labour supply challenge and internal conditions that appear to
make nursing positions unattractive. Some recruitment initiatives might include establishing
integrated performance management programs that result in higher levels of engagement leading to
higher retention rates; supporting increasing training at educational institutions; increasing the
number of nursing school programs; increasing international recruitment; consolidating and
integrating health-care services; increasing use of technology for remote locations; reviewing
compensation, rewards, and recognition practices; facilitating health promotion programs;
subsidizing refresher training for returning nurses; subsidizing student loans; and providing flexible
work options.
Research suggests that organizations that use effective human resource planning, recruitment, and
selection practices gain a competitive advantage in the labour market. BCH’s success, growth, and
patient care are linked to the attraction and retention of top nursing professionals. This increasingly
diverse work force with heightened workplace expectations means nurses are making career choices
on factors such as leadership, career development, meaningful work, flexible work alternatives,
resources to support work–life balance, and other factors that go beyond total compensation.
Planning for BCH’s human resource nursing requirements is much more than simply advertising for
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63. Choose an organization and specific job position you are familiar with. Describe three internal and/or
external recruitment methods you would suggest for recruiting for your chosen position. Describe their
advantages and how you would deal with the disadvantages of your chosen methods.
ANSWER:
Internal
Job postings are internal advertisements of job vacancies. As a matter of policy, some organizations
seek to fill positions through internal sources before going to the external market. Collective
agreements may also dictate the requirement to post internally first.
Replacement charts list each job with respect to its position in the organizational structure,
particularly the relationship to the position above and below it. These charts provide a quick, visual
presentation of an organization’s human resources.
Human resources information systems are comprehensive computerized databases that contain job
analysis information on each position, including information on the required KSAOs. This
computerized inventory may also include information on employee competencies and KSAOs, along
with their work histories, experiences, and results of performance evaluations.
Nominations are the least systematic internal recruitment method. They occur when someone who
knows about a vacancy nominates another employee to fill it.
External
Job advertisements are one of the most commonly used methods of recruiting job candidates. These
ads come in different forms and in different media (e.g., newspapers, professional periodicals, and
trade magazines, radio and television, public displays, and direct mail). These media are increasingly
found on website job boards.
Employee referrals refer to word-of-mouth advertising that relies on current employees telling their
friends and relatives about job vacancies within their company.
Networking is a cross between a recruiting method and a job search technique. Networking is deemed
to be vital to career advancement and is promoted by career transition experts as the best way for a
professional to find a job.
Walk-in recruitment is initiated by the job seeker, who visits an organization’s personnel office and
asks to fill out an application for employment, even though the organization may not have any job
vacancies. The write-in method is a variation of this approach; rather than visiting the company, job
seekers send a copy of their résumés to the company.
Employment agencies are independent organizations that attempt to find a match between a person
and a job. Their success depends on the willingness of the job seeker and the organization to use all
of their services. There are numerous types of employment agencies including Human Resources
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Recruiting at educational institutions such as technical schools, colleges, and universities is common
for organizations seeking entry-level technical, professional, and managerial employees. Many
schools provide their students with placement services, which assist recruiting efforts of visiting
organizations.
The Internet has significantly changed the way recruitment is done. A company can place a notice of
a vacancy on its website or list it with one of the online job or career websites. The job site does a
keyword search of résumés on its database and forwards those that match the position requirements
to the company. Internet recruiting is the use of the Internet to match candidates to jobs through
electronic databases that store information on jobs and job candidates.
64. TS Inc. is a growing BC aviation company of 30 employees. The company requires an aircraft maintenance
engineer. What would be the most effective recruitment method for reaching this applicant pool? Describe the
specific methods you would use and their advantages. Discuss how you would address the disadvantages of
your chosen methods. Describe the steps you would take if you are unable to recruit sufficient employees for
the job.
ANSWER: Some effective recruitment methods that TS Inc. could consider in recruiting for an aircraft
maintenance engineer position include apprenticeships, professional and career websites (e.g.,
aviation professional and industry associations), technical institutions with aircraft maintenance
program websites (e.g., recent graduates and alumni), TS Inc.’s website, current and former
employee and client referrals, campus recruiting, and industry/trade publications (usually have job
boards on their websites).
65. Social networks are increasingly being used as a powerful recruiting method by employers. What is social
networking? As an applicant, what are the advantages and disadvantages of using social networks to apply for a
position?
ANSWER: Social networks are Internet sites that allow users to post a profile with a certain amount of
information that is visible to the public.
66. Why is corporate image important in recruiting efforts? Explain the difference between image advertising
and branding.
ANSWER: The reputation of an organization is important to job applicants. Corporate image predicts the
likelihood that people will apply for a job: the better the image, the more attractive the organization is
to job applicants. Image advertising is designed to raise an organization’s profile in a positive manner
in order to attract interest from job seekers. Branding is used by companies to establish certain
perceptions about the corporation in the public’s mind through associating the organization with
high-profile celebrity profiles or being known as one of the Best 100 employers in Canada.
Person–organization fit is a process through which an organization reaches a decision that a job
candidate fits the organization’s values and culture and has the contextual attributes desired by the
organization. The decision of person job–organization fit and the decision of the company to make an
offer and the candidate to accept it are based on the exchange of information that takes place in the
recruitment process.
68. Scribe Engineering has experienced a high turnover rate of its administrative assistant positions. The hiring
decision and the candidate’s job acceptance are based on limited information about the future work. What can
Scribe Engineering do to ensure that candidates have a realistic understanding of the organization and the
administrative assistant positions?
ANSWER: The decision of fit and the decision of the company to make an offer, and the candidate to accept it,
are based on the exchange of information that takes place in the recruitment process. The following
factors and procedures improve the chances of making a good fit between candidates and the
organization:
communication and perception (refer to Figure 6.4, Matching the Candidate’s and Organizations
Perceptions: Job Offer Outcomes)
accurate expectations (refer to Recruitment and Selection Notebook 6.5, Creating Accurate
Expectations)
realistic job previews, which are procedures designed to reduce turnover and increase satisfaction
among newcomers to an organization by providing job candidates with accurate information about
the job and the organization (refer to Recruitment and Selection Today 6.6, Realistic Job Previews in
the Canadian Forces)
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Ways to ensure candidates receive information about the organization range from providing
published documents (e.g., annual reports, newspapers, periodicals) and Internet resources (e.g.,
company home page, Internet employment-related websites) to image advertising and branding.
Refer to Recruitment and Selection Notebook 6.4, Guidelines for Effective Recruiting.