Transportation

Transportation within the context of commerce is the movement of goods from one location to
another. It’s considered to be a sub-unit of logistics. Companies deliver products by land, air, or sea.
Sometimes referred to as transport logistics, it’s a function divided into three significant areas in which
a business must engage:

 Operations Management
 Vehicle and Fleet Organization
 Infrastructure Administration

Now that you can see how the two activities operate on their own, it’s time to shift our focus toward
how they can work together:

Mode of transport

It is a term used to distinguish between different ways of transportation or transporting people or

goods. The different modes of transport are air, water, and land transport, which includes Rails or
railways, road and off-road transport

The following are the modes of transportation

Air transport

It is the fastest method of transport, Commercial jets reach speeds of up to 955 kilometres per hour
(593 mph) and a considerably higher ground speed if there is a jet stream tailwind, while piston-
powered general aviation aircraft may reach up to 555 kilometres per hour (345 mph) or more. This
celerity comes with higher cost and energy use

The following are advantage of air transport

High Speed

Air is the type of freight capable of traveling long distances in short periods of time. This makes this
model an optimum choice if the client has an urgent need to ship a product or if their freight
demands special standards of protection or acclimation. It is the quickest transport mode and is
therefore ideal for long-distance transport of goods. It takes less time.

2. Fast Service

Air transportation offers convenient, reliable and fast services of transport. It is considered the
cheapest way to ship peregrinated goods. It offers a standard, convenient, reliable and fast service.

3. Send almost everywhere your freight

In regions that are not readily accessible to other modes of transport, air transport is considered to be
the only means of transport. Open to all regions, irrespective of land interference. A vast network of
airlines covering nearly the whole globe is available for many airlines. This ensures that the package
can be sent almost anywhere.

4. High Standard of Security

High standard of protection with a low risk of robbery and injury. Shipping by air has a high degree of
security since airport safety restrictions on cargo are strictly enforced. Tightly controlled airport
controls also minimise cargo theft and loss.

5. Natural Route

An aircraft can fly to any location without seeing any natural obstacles or barriers. Since customs
formalities are easily compiled. It eliminates the need for more time to seek clearance. Air travel is
used for relief operations during earthquakes, floods, accidents, and famines.

6. There is less need for heavy packaging

Air exports, in general, entail less hard packaging than ocean shipments. This ensures you save both
time and money by not having to provide extra packaging services.

Disadvantages of Air Transport

Climate conditions that are adverse: Extreme weather will cause planes to be grounded and airports
to close, halting shipments for several days and rendering the service ineffective.

1. Risky

Air travel is the riskiest mode of transport, since there can be considerable losses to goods, customer
and crews as a result of a minor crash. Compared to other means of travel, the risks of collisions are
higher.

2. Cost

Air travel is considered to be the most expensive means of transportation. The cost of maintaining
aircraft is higher and the costs for the building of aerodromes and avions are much higher. That’s why
air travel is so expensive that it gets beyond ordinary people’s grasp.

3. Some Product Limitation

There is a whole variety of materials not suitable for such products, from explosives, gases, batteries,
fired solids and liquids, which cannot be shipped by air to name but a few.

4. Capacity for Small Carriage

The aircraft have no room and therefore are not ideal for carriage of voluminous and cheaper
materials. As is seen for rails, the load volume cannot be raised.

5. Enormous investment

Air travel calls for enormous spending in aerodrome building and servicing. It also calls for
professional, qualified and qualified staff that need a significant investment.

Land transport

It covers all land-based transportation systems that provide for the movement of people, goods and
services. Land transport plays a vital role in linking communities to each other. Land transport is a key
factor in urban planning. It consists of 2 kinds, rail and road.

Advantages of Road Transport

1. Road transports are economical.

2. It is safe. Damage to goods is generally much less in road transport because handling is minimum.

3. It is flexible. It can reach the actual place of loading and unloading.

4. It gives access even to the common man.

5. It is the only option, if goods are to be delivered within a particular locality, e.g., if door delivery is to
be given by a dealer.

6. It offers wider coverage. Any domestic or national market can be reached by the mode of road
transport.

7. Loading and unloading of goods can be done more quickly.

8. When compared to all other modes of transport, packing expenses are the lowest in the case of
road transport.

Disadvantages of Road transport

The demerits of road transport are given below:

1. The carrying capacity is less.

2. Its efficiency is very much determined by the conditions of roads. Bad roads may cause such
problems as breakdown and result in delay in the consignment reaching the market place.

3. It is slow. The competitive nature of Indian markets makes it undependable.

4. The rates are not standardized.

5. It is not suitable for carrying goods to very long distances, i.e., for foreign destinations.

Water,sea or ship transport

It is the process of transport that a watercraft, such as a bart, ship or sailboat, makes over a body of
water, such as a sea, ocean, lake, canal or river. If a boat or other vessel can successfully pass
through a waterway it is known as a navigable waterway. The need for buoyancy unites watercraft,
and makes the hull a dominant aspect of its construction, maintenance and appearance.

The following are the advantages of water transport:

 The maintenance cost is less.

 It is comparitively less expensive that the rail and road transport.
 It is good for carrying heavy goods.
 Water transportation is used in defence in the form Navy.
 An important role is played by the water transport in foreign trades.

The following are the disadvantages of water transport:

 Navigation becomes difficult during the monsoons.

 The fear of ships sinking is always a concern.
 It is a slow means of transport.
 It is not suitable for small businesses.
 The goods have to be loaded at the specific places due to the difference in depth and water
volumes

generally, means of transportation are bus, train, aeroplane, ship, car, etc while the mode of
transportation refers to road, air, sea/ocean

The following are the benefits of transportation

Improves Community Health

For decades, urban planners have looked to public transportation to facilitate improvements in
community health and wellbeing. Public transit riders must walk from their front doors to the nearby
transit stop and back, which increases physical activity to help address the modern obesity epidemic.
In fact, it's possible that people can achieve the 30 minutes of daily physical activity recommended
by using public transit.

2. Economic Benefits to the Community

Every dollar invested in public transportation can yield around $4 in economic gains in the
community. This includes supporting a workforce for needed improvements, fostering business
clusters, and attracting tourists for both business and pleasure.
People can more easily stop for a snack or a cup of coffee when walking to a transit stop as opposed
to driving. This means small businesses can benefit as well. Also, if a homeowner is looking to sell
residential property, they might receive a higher offer if it’s located close to a public transportation
stop, which is good for the seller and the city’s overall tax base.

3. Improves Fuel Efficiency

One of the most technical benefits of public transportation is the ability to outfit buses and other
public transit vehicles with alternative fuel sources. Some systems are completely electric or utilize
renewable resources for fuel.

Even compared to other gas-powered vehicles, public transportation is better in terms of fuel
efficiency. The average miles per gallon multiplied by the number of private cars on the road versus
transit buses or trains shows less fuel is consumed when using public transportation.

4. Public Transportation Reduces Air Pollution

Less fuel burned means better air quality for cities that integrate public transit. Approximately 85%
of the greenhouse gas emissions that come from transportation are due to day-to-day commutes. By
leaving the car at home, a person can save up to 20 pounds of carbon dioxide emissions every day.

5. Improves Road Congestion

No one likes to be stuck in traffic, but rising populations demand improvements in road
infrastructure that can be costly and take a lot of time. However, road construction can often make
the situation more challenging before it gets better. Another benefit of public transportation is that
more people riding on buses, trains, and other public systems means there are fewer vehicles on the
road to cause traffic.

6. Improves Community Mobility

Inter-city transit systems help riders move throughout the area, regardless of the borough or
neighborhood they live in. Many people do not have the capability to drive, so public transportation
is sometimes the only option to help them get to their destination.

7. Provides an Equitable Transportation System

One way to expand the workforce and improve a city’s economy is by giving more people the ability
to get to their job, and public transport accomplishes this. This reduces the challenge of needing to
be able to afford a car and gasoline — or rely on someone who owns a vehicle — to earn a paycheck.

8. Public Transportation Improves Commuters Productivity

When someone is behind the wheel, they should only be doing one thing: driving. Many states even
have laws against using a smartphone at all while operating an automobile. This multi-tasking
limitation of driving can result in hours of ineffective time.

Generally , riders of public transportation have the ability to be more productive with their time
during their commute. People can sleep, read, and relax on their way to work.
 References

 ^ Jump up to:a b Swine flu prompts EU warning on travel to the US. The Guardian. April 28,
2009.
 ^ The Future of Air Transport White Paper (2009), HMSO "The aviation industry is
encouraged to take account of, and where appropriate reduce, its contribution to global
warming...The impact of aviation on climate change is increased over that of direct
CO2 emissions alone by some of the other emissions released and their specific effects at
altitude".
 ^ IPCC, Aviation and the Global Atmosphere: A Special Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (2000), Cambridge University Press
 ^ Why airfare keeps rising despite lower oil prices Archived 2014-11-20 at the Wayback
Machine, by Scott Mayerowitz, Assoc. Press Airlines Writer. Houston Chron., November 17,
2014.
 ^ Cohen, S.; Higham, J.; Cavaliere, C. (2011). "Binge flying: Behavioural addiction and climate
change" (PDF). Annals of Tourism Research. 38 (3): 1070–1089.