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Global Marketing, 8e (Keegan/Green)
Chapter 10 Brand and Product Decisions in Global Marketing
1) If Indians start consuming power like the Americans, the world will run out of resources.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter LO: 1
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Course LO: Discuss the fundamental concepts of marketing
2) Intangible product attributes includes a brand's overall reputation or mystique.

Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter LO: 1
3) Brand equity is an example of a tangible product attribute.

Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter LO: 1
4) An express warranty is a written guarantee that assures the buyer that he or she is getting what
he or she has paid for or that provides recourse in case a product's performance falls short of
expectations, in an express manner.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter LO: 1
5) Coca-Cola's latest packaging innovation is Fridge Pack, a long, slender carton that holds the
equivalent of 12 cans of soda. This pack fits into the refrigerator's lower shelf and is convenient
for use by global consumers.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter LO: 1
1
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
6) Nestlé asked suppliers to find a type of glue to make the clicking sound louder when
consumers snap open a tube of Smarties brand chocolate candies.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter LO: 1
7) Global brand is synonymous with global product and is often used interchangeably.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter LO: 2
8) People have local tastes based on their unique cultures and traditions—a good candy bar in
Brazil is not the same as good candy bar in China.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Moderate
Chapter LO: 2
9) The Sony Walkman is an example of combination or tiered branding, whereby a corporate

name is combined with a product name.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter LO: 2
10) The "Virgin" brand is a global brand with several brand extensions.
Answer: TRUE
Chapter LO: 2
11) According to the top brand rankings, Microsoft is the world's most valuable brand.
Answer: FALSE
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter LO: 2
2
12) The decision to offer a global product into a global brand is risky. For example, in the United
Kingdom, Snickers may get confused with Knickers, the British slang for a woman's
undergarment.
Answer: TRUE
Chapter LO: 2
13) A global brand begins with the foundation of value.

Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter LO: 2
14) Marketers in Gillette's Parker Pen subsidiary are confident that consumers in Malaysia and
Singapore shopping for an upscale gift will buy the same Parker Pen as Americans shopping at
Neiman Marcus.
Answer: TRUE
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter LO: 2
15) Some consumers flaunt their wealth by buying expensive products and brands that others
will notice. Such behavior is referred to as "luxury badging."
Answer: TRUE
Chapter LO: 3
16) In countries like India and Vietnam, and other emerging markets, amenities such as
refrigerators, flush toilets, and cell phones are considered as status symbols.
Answer: TRUE
Chapter LO: 3
3
17) In Hellmut Schutte's modified hierarchy to explain the needs and wants of Asian consumers,
the last three levels are affiliation, admiration, and self actualization.
Answer: FALSE
Chapter LO: 3
18) Perceptions and attitudes about a product's origins can be positive or negative. On the
positive side, "German" is synonymous with quality engineering as "Italian" is with style.
Answer: TRUE
Chapter LO: 3
19) Many consumers consider products with labels such as "Made in Bangladesh" and "Made in
Brazil" to be of inferior quality and value.
Answer: TRUE
Chapter LO: 4
20) China and India take great pride in their manufacturing capabilities but, generally speaking,
consumer perception lags behind the reality.
Answer: TRUE
Chapter LO: 4
21) Scotland is a country that enjoys strong brand equity but is somewhat misunderstood.
Answer: TRUE
Chapter LO: 4
22) A company that has developed a successful local product or brand cannot implement an
adaption strategy.
Answer: FALSE
Chapter LO: 4
4
23) The extension strategy where the product remains virtually unchanged but extending it in
markets outside the home country is known as "adaptation strategy."
Answer: FALSE
Chapter LO: 4
24) Due to the European Commission's regulation, McDonald's cannot give away soft plastic
toys with its Happy Meals in Europe.
Answer: TRUE
Chapter LO: 5
25) Microsoft's Windows 7 operating system was launched in 2009 with the user-centric global
advertising campaign keyed to the theme "I'm a PC, and Windows 7 was my idea." This is an
example of the dual-extension strategy.
Answer: TRUE
Chapter LO: 5
26) The appeal of the product extension-communication adaption strategy is its relatively low
cost of implementation.
Answer: TRUE
Chapter LO: 5
27) Before executives at Ben & Jerry's Homemade launched their ice cream in the United
Kingdom, the company conducted extensive research to determine whether the package design
effectively communicated the brand's "super premium" position. This is an example of dual-
extension strategy.
Answer: FALSE
Chapter LO: 5
5
28) When Kraft Foods launched Oreo brand cookies in China in 1996, they found that Oreo was
too sweet for the Chinese palate, and the price was too high. Oreo reformulated a less-sweet
chocolate-covered wafer and reduced its price. This strategy is referred to as product extension
approach.
Answer: TRUE
Chapter LO: 6
29) Weight Watchers International has discovered that many of its Chinese clients sign up
despite having a healthy body mass.
Answer: TRUE
Chapter LO: 6
30) Whenever a new product interacts with human, mechanical, or chemical elements, there is
the potential for a surprising and unexpected incompatibility.
Answer: TRUE
Chapter LO: 6
31) Generally speaking, which of the following statements is true concerning product attributes?
A) Tangible product attributes are more important than intangible ones.
B) Intangible product attributes are more important than tangible ones.
C) Both tangible and intangible product attributes are important.
D) Neither tangible nor intangible product attributes are important.
E) A product has more attributes than tangible and intangible ones.
Answer: C
Chapter LO: 1
6
32) Many American car buyers perceived Korean cars as:
A) durable.
B) cheap.
C) reliable.
D) of high quality.
E) good investment.
Answer: B
Chapter LO: 1
33) An express warranty is a written guarantee that assures the buyer:

A) that he or she is getting what he or she desired.
B) that he or she will be able to get express response if any defects are found.
C) that he or she is getting what he or she has paid for.
D) that he or she will be able to contact the manufacturer whenever needed.
E) that he or she has limited time for filling out information required by the manufacturer.
Answer: C
Chapter LO: 1
34) Packaging is an important consideration for products that are shipped to markets worldwide.
Which of the following statements related to packaging is not true?
A) Nestlé's worldwide network of packaging teams gives improvement suggestions on a
quarterly basis.
B) Japanese prefer plain soft colors on their packages.
C) The Aquafresh Ultimate tube was designed to stand vertically.
D) Coca-Cola had contour bottles in both glass and plastic versions in many countries.
E) Nestlé asked suppliers to find a glue to make the clicking sound louder when a tube of
Smarties brand chocolate candies are unwrapped.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Difficult
Chapter LO: 1
Course LO: Describe the global marketing environment today and explain the options
companies consider as they go global
7
35) Coca-Cola's distinctive contour bottle, which is sold in many countries, illustrates the point
that:
A) the packaging strategies can vary by country and region.
B) the packaging helps in storing large sizes in refrigerators.
C) the packaging strategies do not change by country and region.
D) the packaging appeals only to Asian consumers.
E) the packaging helps in brand identification.
Answer: A
Chapter LO: 1
36) The marketers of Corona beer achieved great success in the U.S. market by:
A) retaining the bottle design originally used in Mexico.
B) hiring Hispanic movie stars as endorsers.
C) distributing Corona in returnable bottles.
D) changing the brewing recipe to conform to American palates.
E) having the label in Spanish language.
Answer: A
Chapter LO: 1
37) Regulators in different countries have proposed various regulations for product labeling. All
of the following statements pertaining to such regulations are true except:
A) mandatory health warnings on tobacco products are required in most countries.
B) the American Automobile Labeling Act clarifies the country of origin as well as the final
assembly point.
C) in 2008, the United States enacted a country of origin labeling (COOL) law.
D) the use of terms "light" and "natural" are allowed on labels only in the United States.
E) McDonald's is posting nutrition information on all food packaging and wrappers in selected
markets.
Answer: D
Chapter LO: 1
8
38) Global marketers must understand the importance of visual aesthetics embodied in the color
or shape of a product, label, or package. Which of the following statements is not true regarding
the use of color in selected countries?
A) Yellow color on Caterpillar's earthmoving equipment is acceptable worldwide.
B) Packaging aesthetics are particularly important to the Japanese.
C) White color is associated with death and bad luck in some Asian countries.
D) The red Marlboro color had to be changed in some Asian countries.
E) Chinese consider the red color to be lucky.
Answer: D
Chapter LO: 1
39) The American Automobile Labeling Act clarifies all of the following except:
A) country of foreign.
B) final assembly point.
C) the percentages of the major sources of every car and truck.
D) information about car dealer.
E) aesthetic style.
Answer: D
Chapter LO: 1
40) As outlined by branding expert Kevin Keller, the benefits of strong brand equity include all
of the following except:
A) greater loyalty.
B) more vulnerability to marketing actions.
C) less vulnerability to marketing crises.
D) more inelastic consumer response to price increases.
E) more elastic consumer response to price decreases.
Answer: B
Chapter LO: 2
9
41) ________ represent(s) the cumulative added value of a company's investment in the
marketing of a brand over time.
A) Brand extensions
B) Co-branding
C) Brand image
D) Brand equity
E) Brand loyalty
Answer: D
Chapter LO: 2
42) ________ can also be thought of as an asset representing the value created by the
relationship between the brand and its customers over time.
A) Brand extensions
B) Co-branding
C) Brand image
D) Brand equity
E) Brand loyalty
Answer: D
Chapter LO: 2
43) Which of the following statements is not an example of local products or brands?
A) Coca-Cola developed several branded drink products for Japan.
B) Coca-Cola markets Kinely brand bottled water in India.
C) BMW uses "the ultimate driving machine" slogan in India.
D) Diageo PLC markets Gordon's Edge, a gin-based ready-to-drink beverage in the United
Kingdom.
E) Coca-Cola developed a noncarbonated, ginseng-flavored beverage for Japan.
Answer: C
Chapter LO: 2
10
44) Example of a "brand symbol" includes all of the following except:
A) date of manufacture on Coca-Cola cans.
B) the wave that appears on red Coke cans and bottle labels.
C) non-word marks such as the Nike swoosh.
D) three-pronged Mercedes star.
E) McDonald's golden arches.
Answer: A
Chapter LO: 2
45) Around the world, various brands of personal computers are sold with Pentium processors.
This fact is often used as a selling point, with advertising that proclaims "Intel Inside." Which
branding concept does such advertising reflect?
A) brand equity
B) co-branding
C) brand image
D) brand extension
E) tiered branding
Answer: B
Chapter LO: 2
46) British entrepreneur Richard Branson has built a global business empire by:
A) relying on brand extension.
B) being the first to use smart cards in major markets.
C) developing local brands.
D) avoiding consumer businesses with established leaders.
E) restricting the "Virgin" name only to airlines.
Answer: A
Chapter LO: 2
11
47) Which of the following is not in the top five of the world's most valuable brands according to
2012 rankings?
A) Sony
B) Microsoft
C) Coca-Cola
D) GE
E) Nokia
Answer: E
Chapter LO: 2
48) Maslow's hierarchy is applicable to global marketing because it can help explain how:
A) basic human needs can drive the development of global products.
B) "self-actualization" is the highest-order need in Japan as well as Western nations.
C) status needs in different countries can only be fulfilled with localized products.
D) "luxury badging" is irrelevant to companies marketing in Asia.
E) Asians differ from Westerners in their basic physiological needs.
Answer: A
Chapter LO: 3
49) Alfred Zeien, former chairman of Gillette, once noted that his company's Parker Pen unit
does not have to develop a special model for Malaysia and Singapore because shoppers
worldwide seek the same things when buying a gift that will serve the recipient as a status
symbol. This insight relates to which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
A) physiological
B) safety
C) social
D) esteem
E) self-actualization
Answer: D
Chapter LO: 3
12
50) Comparing the traditional formulation of Maslow's hierarchy with the results of current
research on the consumer needs and motivation in Asia, which of the following is correct?
A) The lowest 2 levels of the hierarchy are the same in the traditional and Asian versions.
B) The lowest 3 levels of the hierarchy are the same in the traditional and Asian versions.
C) The lowest 4 levels of the hierarchy are the same in the traditional and Asian versions.
D) The five levels in the traditional formulation apply equally in the West and in Asia.
E) The highest levels of the hierarchy are the same in the traditional and Asian versions.
Answer: A
Chapter LO: 3
51) Which of the following is not one of the levels in the Asian version of Maslow's hierarchy?
A) physiological
B) safety
C) affiliation
D) admiration
E) self-actualization
Answer: E
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter LO: 3
52) Packaging aesthetics are particularly important to the:

A) Indian.
B) Chinese.
C) Japanese.
D) American.
E) Russian.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter LO: 2
13
53) The benefits of strong brands include all of the following except:
A) greater loyalty.
B) less vulnerability to marketing actions.
C) less inelastic consumer response to price increases.
D) more elastic consumer response to price decreases.
E) larger margins.
Answer: C
Chapter LO: 2
54) A global product meets the wants and needs of a global market, including the Triad which
includes the following countries:
A) Brazil, Russia, and China.
B) Japan, Western Europe, and the United States.
C) China, the United States, and Europe.
D) China, India and Brazil.
E) Japan, China, and Western Europe.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter LO: 2
55) Which of the following could hinder the success of products labeled "Made in Bangladesh"
or "Made in Thailand" in export markets?
A) negative country-of-origin bias
B) no possible quality/price positioning
C) low acceptance of private brands
D) lack of promotion in global markets
E) high product saturation levels in global markets
Answer: A
Chapter LO: 4
14
56) Intel inside campaign promoting both the Intel Corporation and its Pentium-brand processors
in conjunction with advertising for various brands of personal computers is an example of:
A) brand equity.
B) brand symbol.
C) co-branding.
D) brand extension.
E) brand loyalty.
Answer: C
Chapter LO: 2
57) Generally speaking, which of the following product categories represents the best potential
for extension into international markets without adaptation?
A) companion products
B) food products
C) industrial products
D) intangible products
E) non-alcoholic drinks
Answer: C
Chapter LO: 5
58) Dry soup mixes that have long been popular in Europe are marketed as sauces or dips in the
United States. This is an example of the ________ strategy.
A) product-communications extension
B) product extension-communications adaptation
C) product adaptation-communications extension
D) dual adaptation
E) product invention
Answer: B
Chapter LO: 5
15
59) Targeting the 300 million farmers in India who still use plows harnessed to oxen, John Deere
engineers created a line of relatively inexpensive, no-frills tractors. The Deere team then realized
that the same equipment could be marketed to hobby farmers and acreage owners in the United
States, a segment that they had previously overlooked. This is an example of ________ strategy.
D) dual adaptation
Answer: B
Chapter LO: 5
60) Prior to 2004, Nokia launched different cell phone products in different countries at different
times. Nokia also used different advertising images and messages in different countries. Which
approach to the world marketplace was Nokia using?
D) product-communication adaptation
Answer: D
Chapter LO: 5
61) Before Ben & Jerry's launched their ice cream in the United Kingdom, the company
conducted extensive research to determine whether the package design was appropriate. The
research indicated that British consumers perceived the colors differently than U.S. consumers.
The package design was changed accordingly. This type of strategy can be defined as:
A) product-communications extension.
B) product extension-communications adaptation.
C) product adaptation-communications extension.
D) product-communication adaptation.
E) product invention.
Answer: B
Chapter LO: 5
16
62) Campbell's has been marketing soup in Japan for more than 40 years. Early on, Japanese
consumers were not receptive to ads featuring the Campbell Kids and the "M'm M'm Good"
slogan. This compelled Campbell's to develop ads featuring a talking soup can known as "Mr.
Campbell." Campbell's also developed soup varieties for Japan with fish as the main protein
source and spices that reflect local preferences. As described here, which of the following
strategies has Campbell's used in Japan?
D) product-communication adaptation
Answer: D
Chapter LO: 5
63) To promote its Centrino wireless chip, Intel launched a global ad campaign that features
different combinations of celebrities. These celebrities were chosen because they are widely
recognized in the key world markets. This type of strategy is referred to as:
A) product-communications extension.
B) product extension-communications adaptation.
C) product adaptation-communications extension.
D) product-communication adaptation.
E) product invention.
Answer: B
Chapter LO: 5
64) Colgate's Total is a new toothpaste brand whose formulation, imagery, and consumer appeal
were designed from the beginning to translate across national boundaries. Which strategy did
Colgate use with Total?
D) dual adaptation
E) product innovation
Answer: E
Chapter LO: 5
17
65) Hindustan Lever recently developed a hard candy flavored with natural fruit juice that it sells
profitably in India for the equivalent of 1 cent per piece. This is Hindustan Lever's first-ever
candy product. What strategy is evident here?
D) dual adaptation
Answer: E
Chapter LO: 5
66) Guidelines which can assist managers in their effort to establish global brand leadership
include all of the following except:
A) create a compelling value proposition for customers.
B) before taking brand overseas, select name, marks and symbols.
C) make a process template available to all managers.
D) assign specific responsibility for managing branding issues.
E) make a process template for international consumers.
Answer: E
Chapter LO: 5
67) The formulation, imagery, and consumer appeal of Colgate's Total brand toothpaste were
designed to translate across national boundaries. This new global brand represents which type of
product innovation?
A) discontinuous innovation
B) dynamically continuous innovation
C) continuous innovation
D) comparative innovation
E) dynamically discontinuous innovation
Answer: C
Chapter LO: 6
18
68) When introduced in the late 1970s, the VCR created new patterns of consumer behavior. For
example, assuming the user could learn to set the timer, he or she could tape programs to watch
at a later time. DVD, a playback only video system, was introduced in the late 1990s. DVD discs
contain full-length movies with digital sound in a format that resembles conventional music
compact discs. Which of the following most accurately describes the respective degree of
newness of these two global products?
A) The VCR is a discontinuous innovation; the DVD is a dynamically continuous innovation.
B) The VCR is a dynamically continuous innovation; the DVD is a discontinuous innovation.
C) The VCR and DVD are both dynamically continuous innovations.
D) The VCR and DVD are both discontinuous innovations.
E) The VCR and DVD are both continuous innovations.
Answer: A
Chapter LO: 6
69) The introduction of consumer VCRs in the late 1970s initiated a revolutionized in-home
electronic entertainment. For example, assuming the user could learn to set the timer, he or she
could tape programs to watch at a later time. The VCR's popularity also gave rise to an entirely
new retailing concept, the video rental store. What type of innovation did the consumer VCR
represent?
A) a continuous innovation
B) a dynamically continuous innovation
C) a discontinuous innovation
D) a comparative innovation
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Chapter LO: 6
19
70) The Advanced Photo System (APS) created by Kodak and its partners combines traditional
chemical photo processing with digital technology. One benefit of the system is that shutterbugs
can choose 3 different print sizes. The APS would best be described as a:
A) continuous innovation.
B) dynamically continuous innovation.
C) discontinuous innovation.
D) platform-based innovation.
E) new and improved innovation.
Answer: B
Chapter LO: 6
71) After four years of product development, Procter & Gamble recently introduced a new,
improved disposable diaper. Pampers Rash Guard diapers are designed to prevent diaper rash
and represent the first time a company has made a medical claim for its diapers. What kind of
innovation do the new diapers represent?
A) platform-based innovation
B) dynamically continuous innovation
C) discontinuous innovation
D) continuous innovation
Answer: D
Chapter LO: 6
72) Procter & Gamble recently introduced Pampers Rash Guard. Rash Guard does not represent
a new product per se; rather, the diapers are being marketed as an alternative to regular Pampers.
What type of innovation do Pampers Rash Guard diapers represent?
A) a continuous innovation
B) a dynamically continuous innovation
C) a discontinuous innovation
D) a platform-based innovation
Answer: A
Chapter LO: 6
20
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[605] xli 2 H’ope 1596
[606] 3 clearest] cleanest conj. Hughes
[607] 5 tongnes 1596
FINIS.
TWO CANTOS
OF
MUTABILITIE:
Which, both for Forme and Matter, appeare

to be parcell of some following Booke of the
FAERIE QVEENE,
VNDER THE LEGEND

OF
Constancie.
Neuer before imprinted.
Canto VI.
Proud Change (not pleasd, in mortall things,

beneath the Moone, to raigne)
Pretends, as well of Gods, as Men,
to be the Soueraine.
hat man that sees the euer-whirling wheele i

Of Change, the which all mortall things doth sway,
But that therby doth find, and plainly feele,
How MVTABILITY in them doth play
Her cruell sports, to many mens decay?
Which that to all may better yet appeare,
I will rehearse that whylome I heard say,
How she at first her selfe began to reare,
Gainst all the Gods, and th’empire sought from them to beare.
But first, here falleth fittest to vnfold ii

Her antique race and linage ancient,
As I haue found it registred of old,
In Faery Land mongst records permanent:
She was, to weet, a daughter by descent
Of those old Titans, that did whylome striue
With Saturnes sonne for heauens regiment.
Whom, though high Ioue of kingdome did depriue,
Yet many of their stemme long after did surviue.
And many of them, afterwards obtain’d iii

Great power of Ioue, and high authority;
As Hecaté, in whose almighty hand,
He plac’t all rule and principality,
To be by her disposed diuersly,
To Gods, and men, as she them list diuide:
And drad Bellona, that doth sound on hie
Warres and allarums vnto Nations wide,
That makes both heauen and earth to tremble at her pride.
So likewise did this Titanesse aspire, iv

Rule and dominion to her selfe to gaine;
That as a Goddesse, men might her admire,
And heauenly honours yield, as to them twaine.
At first, on earth she sought it to obtaine;
Where she such proofe and sad examples shewed
Of her great power, to many ones great paine,
That not men onely (whom she soone subdewed)
But eke all other creatures, her bad dooings rewed.
For, she the face of earthly things so changed, v

That all which Nature had establisht first
In good estate, and in meet order ranged,
She did pervert, and all their statutes burst:
And all the worlds faire frame (which none yet durst
Of Gods or men to alter or misguide)
She alter’d quite, and made them all accurst
That God had blest; and did at first prouide
In that still happy state for euer to abide.
Ne shee the lawes of Nature onely brake, vi

But eke of Iustice, and of Policie;
And wrong of right, and bad of good did make,
And death for life exchanged foolishlie:
Since which, all liuing wights haue learn’d to die,
And all this world is woxen daily worse.
O pittious worke of MVTABILITIE!
By which, we all are subiect to that curse,
And death in stead of life haue sucked from our Nurse.
And now, when all the earth she thus had brought vii
To her behest, and thralled to her might,
She gan to cast in her ambitious thought,
T’attempt the empire[608] of the heauens hight,
And Ioue himselfe to shoulder from his right.
And first, she past the region of the ayre,
And of the fire, whose substance thin and slight,
Made no resistance, ne could her contraire,
But ready passage to her pleasure did prepaire.
Thence, to the Circle of the Moone she clambe, viii

Where Cynthia raignes in euerlasting glory,
To whose bright shining palace straight she came,
All fairely deckt with heauens goodly story;
Whose siluer gates (by which there sate an hory
Old aged Sire, with hower-glasse in hand,
Hight Tyme) she entred, were he liefe or sory:
Ne staide till she the highest stage had scand,
Where Cynthia did sit, that neuer still did stand.
Her sitting on an Iuory throne shee found, ix

Drawne of two steeds, th’one black, the other white,
Environd with tenne thousand starres around,
That duly her attended day and night;
And by her side, there ran her Page, that hight
Vesper, whom we the Euening-starre intend:
That with his Torche, still twinkling like twylight,
Her lightened all the way where she should wend,
And ioy to weary wandring trauailers did lend:
That[609] when the hardy Titanesse beheld x

The goodly building of her Palace bright,
Made of the heauens substance, and vp-held
With thousand Crystall pillors of huge hight,
Shee gan to burne in her ambitious spright,
And t’envie her that in such glorie raigned.
Eftsoones she cast by force and tortious might,
Her to displace; and to her selfe to haue gained
The kingdome of the Night, and waters by her wained.
Boldly she bid the Goddesse downe descend, xi

And let her selfe into that Ivory throne;
For, shee her selfe more worthy thereof wend,
And better able it to guide alone:
Whether to men, whose fall she did bemone,
Or vnto Gods, whose state she did maligne,
Or to th’infernall Powers, her need giue lone
Of her faire light, and bounty most benigne,
Her selfe of all that rule shee deemed most condigne.
But shee that had to her that soueraigne seat xii

By highest Ioue assign’d, therein to beare
Nights burning lamp, regarded not her threat,
Ne yielded ought for fauour or for feare;
But with sterne countenaunce and disdainfull cheare,
Bending her horned browes, did put her back:
And boldly blaming her for comming there,
Bade her attonce from heauens coast to pack,
Or at her perill bide the wrathfull Thunders wrack.
Yet nathemore the Giantesse forbare: xiii

But boldly preacing-on, raught forth her hand
To pluck her downe perforce from off her chaire;
And there-with lifting vp her golden wand,
Threatned to strike her if she did with-stand.
Where-at the starres, which round about her blazed,
And eke the Moones bright wagon, still did stand,
All beeing with so bold attempt amazed,
And on her vncouth habit and sterne looke still gazed.
Meane-while, the lower World, which nothing knew xiv

Of all that chaunced here, was darkned quite;
And eke the heauens, and all the heauenly crew
Of happy wights, now vnpurvaide of light,
Were much afraid, and wondred at that sight;
Fearing least Chaos broken had his chaine,
And brought againe on them eternall night:
But chiefely Mercury, that next doth raigne,
Ran forth in haste, vnto the king of Gods to plaine.
All ran together with a great out-cry, xv

To Ioues faire Palace, fixt in heauens hight;
And beating at his gates full earnestly,
Gan call to him aloud with all their might,
To know what meant that suddaine lack of light.
The father of the Gods when this he heard,
Was troubled much at their so strange affright,
Doubting least Typhon were againe vprear’d,
Or other his old foes, that once him sorely fear’d.
Eftsoones the sonne of Maia forth he sent xvi

Downe to the Circle of the Moone, to knowe
The cause of this so strange astonishment,
And why shee did her wonted course forslowe;
And if that any were on earth belowe
That did with charmes or Magick her molest,
Him to attache, and downe to hell to throwe:
But, if from heauen it were, then to arrest
The Author, and him bring before his presence prest.
The wingd-foot God, so fast his plumes did beat, xvii

That soone he came where-as the Titanesse
Was striuing with faire Cynthia for her seat:
At whose strange sight, and haughty hardinesse,
He wondred much, and feared her no lesse.
Yet laying feare aside to doe his charge,
At last, he bade her (with bold stedfastnesse)
Ceasse to molest the Moone to walke at large,
Or come before high Ioue, her dooings to discharge.
And there-with-all, he on her shoulder laid xviii

His snaky-wreathed Mace, whose awfull power
Doth make both Gods and hellish fiends affraid:
Where-at the Titanesse did sternely lower,
And stoutly answer’d, that in euill hower
He from his Ioue such message to her brought,
To bid her leaue faire Cynthias siluer bower;
Sith shee his Ioue and him esteemed nought,
No more then Cynthia’s selfe; but all their kingdoms sought.
The Heauens Herald staid not to reply, xix

But past away, his doings to relate
Vnto his Lord; who now in th’highest sky,
Was placed in his principall Estate,
With all the Gods about him congregate:
To whom when Hermes had his message told,
It did them all exceedingly amate,
Saue Ioue; who, changing nought his count’nance bold,
Did vnto them at length these speeches wise vnfold;
Harken to mee awhile yee heauenly Powers; xx

Ye may remember since th’Earths cursed seed
Sought to assaile the heauens eternall towers,
And to vs all exceeding feare did breed:
But how we then defeated all their deed,
Yee all doe knowe, and them destroied quite;
Yet not so quite, but that there did succeed
An off-spring of their bloud, which did alite
Vpon the fruitfull earth, which doth vs yet despite.
Of that bad seed is this bold woman bred, xxi

That now with bold presumption doth aspire
To thrust faire Phœbe from her siluer bed,
And eke our selues from heauens high Empire,
If that her might were match to her desire:
Wherefore, it now behoues vs to advise
What way is best to driue her to retire;
Whether by open force, or counsell wise,
Areed ye sonnes of God, as best ye can deuise.
So hauing said, he ceast; and with his brow xxii

(His black eye-brow, whose doomefull dreaded beck
Is wont to wield the world vnto his vow,
And euen the highest Powers of heauen to check)
Made signe to them in their degrees to speake:
Who straight gan cast their counsell graue and wise.
Meane-while, th’Earths daughter, thogh she nought did reck
Of Hermes message; yet gan now advise,
What course were best to take in this hot[610] bold emprize.
Eftsoones she thus resolv’d; that whil’st the Gods xxiii

(After returne of Hermes Embassie)
Were troubled, and amongst themselues at ods,
Before they could new counsels re-allie,
To set vpon them in that extasie;
And take what fortune time and place would lend:
So, forth she rose, and through the purest sky
To Ioues high Palace straight cast to ascend,
To prosecute her plot: Good on-set boads good end.
Shee there arriuing, boldly in did pass; xxiv

Where all the Gods she found in counsell close,
All quite vnarm’d, as then their manner was.
At sight of her they suddaine all arose,
In great amaze, ne wist what way to chose.
But Ioue, all fearelesse, forc’t them to aby;
And in his soueraine throne, gan straight dispose
Himselfe more full of grace and Maiestie,
That mote encheare his friends, and foes mote terrifie.
That, when the haughty Titanesse beheld, xxv

All were she fraught with pride and impudence,
Yet with the sight thereof was almost queld;
And inly quaking, seem’d as reft of sense,
And voyd of speech in that drad audience;
Vntill that Ioue himselfe, her selfe bespake:
Speake thou fraile woman, speake with confidence,
Whence art thou, and what doost thou here now make?
What idle errand hast thou,[611] earths mansion to forsake?
Shee, halfe confused with his great commaund, xxvi

Yet gathering spirit of her natures pride,
Him boldly answer’d thus to his demaund:
I am a daughter, by the mothers side,
Of her that is Grand-mother magnifide
Of all the Gods, great Earth, great Chaos child:
But by the fathers (be it not envide)
I greater am in bloud (whereon I build)
Then all the Gods, though wrongfully from heauen exil’d.
For, Titan (as ye all acknowledge must) xxvii

Was Saturnes elder brother by birth-right;
Both, sonnes of Vranus: but by vniust
And guilefull meanes, through Corybantes slight,
The younger thrust the elder from his right:
Since which, thou Ioue, iniuriously hast held
The Heauens rule from Titans sonnes by might;
And them to hellish dungeons downe hast feld:
Witnesse ye Heauens the truth of all that I haue teld.
Whil’st she thus spake, the Gods that gaue good eare xxviii
To her bold words, and marked well her grace,
Beeing of stature tall as any there
Of all the Gods, and beautifull of face,
As any of the Goddesses in place,
Stood all astonied, like a sort of Steeres;
Mongst whom, some beast of strange and forraine race,
Vnwares is chaunc’t, far straying from his peeres:
So did their ghastly gaze bewray their hidden feares.
Till hauing pauz’d awhile, Ioue thus bespake; xxix
Will neuer mortall thoughts ceasse to aspire,
In this bold sort, to Heauen claime to make,
And touch celestiall seates with earthly mire?
I would haue thought, that bold Procrustes[612] hire,
Or Typhons fall, or proud Ixions paine,
Or great Prometheus, tasting of our ire,
Would haue suffiz’d, the rest for to restraine;
And warn’d all men by their example to refraine:
But now, this off-scum of that cursed fry, xxx

Dare to renew the like bold enterprize,
And chalenge th’heritage of this our skie;
Whom what should hinder, but that we likewise
Should handle as the rest of her allies,
And thunder-driue to hell? With that, he shooke
His Nectar-deawed locks, with which the skyes
And all the world beneath for terror quooke,
And eft his burning levin-brond in hand he tooke.
But, when he looked on her louely face, xxxi

In which, faire beames of beauty did appeare,
That could the greatest wrath soone turne to grace
(Such sway doth beauty euen in Heauen beare)
He staide his hand: and hauing chang’d his cheare,
He thus againe in milder wise began;
But ah! if Gods should striue with flesh yfere,
Then shortly should the progeny of Man
Be rooted out, if Ioue should doe still what he can:
But thee faire Titans child, I rather weene, xxxii

Through some vaine errour or inducement light,
To see that mortall eyes haue neuer seene;
Or through ensample of thy sisters might,
Bellona; whose great glory thou doost spight,
Since thou hast seene her dreadfull power belowe,
Mongst wretched men (dismaide with her affright)
To bandie Crownes, and Kingdomes to bestowe:
And sure thy worth, no lesse then hers doth seem to showe.
But wote thou this, thou hardy Titanesse, xxxiii

That not the worth of any liuing wight
May challenge ought in Heauens interesse;
Much lesse the Title of old Titans Right:
For, we by Conquest of our soueraine might,
And by eternall doome of Fates decree,
Haue wonne the Empire of the Heauens bright;
Which to our selues we hold, and to whom wee
Shall worthy deeme partakers of our blisse to bee.
Then ceasse thy idle claime thou foolish gerle, xxxiv

And seeke by grace and goodnesse to obtaine
That place from which by folly Titan fell;
There-to thou maist perhaps, if so thou faine
Haue Ioue thy gratious Lord and Soueraigne.
So, hauing said, she thus to him replide;
Ceasse Saturnes sonne, to seeke by proffers vaine
Of idle hopes t’allure mee to thy side,
For to betray my Right, before I haue it tride.
But thee, O Ioue, no equall Iudge I deeme xxxv

Of my desert, or of my dewfull Right;
That in thine owne behalfe maist partiall seeme:
But to the highest him, that is behight
Father of Gods and men by equall might;
To weet, the God of Nature, I appeale.
There-at Ioue wexed wroth, and in his spright
Did inly grudge, yet did it well conceale;
And bade Dan Phœbus Scribe her Appellation seale.
Eftsoones the time and place appointed were, xxxvi

Where all, both heauenly Powers, and earthly wights,
Before great Natures presence should appeare,
For triall of their Titles and best Rights:
That was, to weet, vpon the highest hights
Of Arlo-hill (Who knowes not Arlo-hill?)
That is the highest head (in all mens sights)
Of my old father Mole, whom Shepheards quill
Renowmed hath with hymnes fit for a rurall skill.
And, were it not ill fitting for this file, xxxvii

To sing of hilles and woods, mongst warres and Knights,
I would abate the sternenesse of my stile,
Mongst these sterne stounds to mingle soft delights;
And tell how Arlo through Dianaes spights
(Beeing of old the best and fairest Hill
That was in all this holy-Islands hights)
Was made the most vnpleasant, and most ill.
Meane while, O Clio, lend Calliope thy quill.
Whylome, when IRELAND florished in fame xxxviii

Of wealths[613] and goodnesse, far aboue the rest
Of all that beare the British Islands name,
The Gods then vs’d (for pleasure and for rest)
Oft to resort there-to, when seem’d them best:
But none of all there-in more pleasure found,
Then Cynthia; that is soueraine Queene profest
Of woods and forrests, which therein abound,
Sprinkled with wholsom waters, more then most on ground.
But mongst them all, as fittest for her game, xxxix

Either for chace of beasts with hound or boawe,
Or for to shroude in shade from Phœbus flame,
Or bathe in fountaines that doe freshly flowe,
Or from high hilles, or from the dales belowe,
She chose this Arlo; where shee did resort
With all her Nymphes enranged on a rowe,
With whom the woody Gods did oft consort:
For, with the Nymphes, the Satyres loue to play and sport.
Amongst the which, there was a Nymph that hight xl

Molanna; daughter of old father Mole,
And sister vnto Mulla, faire and bright:
Vnto whose bed false Bregog whylome stole,
That Shepheard Colin dearely did condole,
And made her lucklesse loues well knowne to be.
But this Molanna were she not so shole,
Were no lesse faire and beautifull then shee:
Yet as she is, a fairer flood may no man see.
For, first, she springs out of two marble Rocks, xli

On which, a groue of Oakes high mounted growes,
That as a girlond seemes to deck the locks
Of som faire Bride, brought forth with pompous showes
Out of her bowre, that many flowers strowes:
So, through the flowry Dales she tumbling downe,
Through many woods, and shady coverts flowes
(That on each side her siluer channell crowne)
Till to the Plaine she come, whose Valleyes shee doth drowne.
In her sweet streames, Diana vsed oft xlii

(After her sweatie chace and toilesome play)
To bathe her selfe; and after, on the soft
And downy grasse, her dainty limbes to lay
In couert shade, where none behold her may:
For, much she hated sight of liuing eye.
Foolish God Faunus, though full many a day
He saw her clad, yet longed foolishly
To see her naked mongst her Nymphes in priuity.
No way he found to compasse his desire, xliii

But to corrupt Molanna, this her maid,
Her to discouer for some secret hire:
So, her with flattering words he first assaid;
And after, pleasing gifts for her purvaid,
Queene-apples, and red Cherries from the tree,
With which he her allured and betraid,
To tell what time he might her Lady see
When she her selfe did bathe, that he might secret bee.
There-to hee promist, if shee would him pleasure xliv
With this small boone, to quit her with a better;
To weet, that where-as shee had out of measure
Long lov’d the Fanchin, who by nought did set her,
That he would vndertake, for this to get her
To be his Loue, and of him liked well:
Besides all which, he vow’d to be her debter
For many moe good turnes then he would tell;
The least of which, this little pleasure should excell.
The simple maid did yield to him anone; xlv

And eft him placed where he close might view
That neuer any saw, saue onely one;
Who, for his hire to so foole-hardy dew,
Was of his hounds devour’d in Hunters hew.
Tho, as her manner was on sunny day,
Diana, with her Nymphes about her, drew
To this sweet spring; where, doffing her array,
She bath’d her louely limbes, for Ioue a likely pray.
There Faunus saw that pleased much his eye, xlvi

And made his hart to tickle in his brest,
That for great ioy of some-what he did spy,
He could him not containe in silent rest;
But breaking forth in laughter, loud profest
His foolish thought. A foolish Faune indeed,
That couldst not hold thy selfe so hidden blest,
But wouldest needs thine owne conceit areed.
Babblers vnworthy been of so diuine a meed.
The Goddesse, all abashed with that noise, xlvii

In haste forth started from the guilty brooke;
And running straight where-as she heard his voice,
Enclos’d the bush about, and there him tooke,
Like darred Larke; not daring vp to looke
On her whose sight before so much he sought.
Thence, forth they drew him by the hornes, and shooke
Nigh all to peeces, that they left him nought;
And then into the open light they forth him brought.
Like as an huswife, that with busie care xlviii

Thinks of her Dairie to make wondrous gaine,
Finding where-as some wicked beast vnware
That breakes into her Dayr’house, there doth draine
Her creaming pannes, and frustrate all her paine;
Hath in some snare or gin set close behind,
Entrapped him, and caught into her traine,
Then thinkes what punishment were best assign’d,
And thousand deathes deuiseth in her vengefull mind:
So did Diana and her maydens all xlix

Vse silly Faunus, now within their baile:
They mocke and scorne him, and him foule miscall;
Some by the nose him pluckt, some by the taile,
And by his goatish beard some did him haile:
Yet he (poore soule) with patience all did beare;
For, nought against their wils might countervaile:
Ne ought he said what euer he did heare;
But hanging downe his head, did like a Mome appeare.
At length, when they had flouted him their fill, l

They gan to cast what penaunce him to giue.
Some would haue gelt him, but that same would spill
The Wood-gods breed, which must for euer liue:
Others would through the riuer him haue driue,
And ducked deepe: but that seem’d penaunce light;
But most agreed and did this sentence giue,
Him in Deares skin to clad; and in that plight,
To hunt him with their hounds, him selfe saue how hee might.
But Cynthia’s selfe, more angry then the rest, li

Thought not enough, to punish him in sport,
And of her shame to make a gamesome iest;
But gan examine him in straighter sort,
Which of her Nymphes, or other close consort,
Him thither brought, and her to him betraid?
He, much affeard, to her confessed short,
That ’twas Molanna which her so bewraid.
Then all attonce their hands vpon Molanna laid.
But him (according as they had decreed) lii

With a Deeres-skin they couered, and then chast
With all their hounds that after him did speed;
But he more speedy, from them fled more fast
Then any Deere: so sore him dread aghast.
They after follow’d all with shrill out-cry,
Shouting as they the heauens would haue brast:
That all the woods and dales where he did flie,
Did ring againe, and loud reeccho to the skie.
So they him follow’d till they weary were; liii

When, back returning to Molann’ againe,
They, by commaund’ment of Diana, there
Her whelm’d with stones. Yet Faunus (for her paine)
Of her beloued Fanchin did obtaine,
That her he would receiue vnto his bed.
So now her waues passe through a pleasant Plaine,
Till with the Fanchin she her selfe doe wed,
And (both combin’d) themselues in one faire riuer spred.
Nath’lesse, Diana, full of indignation, liv

Thence-forth abandond her delicious brooke;
In whose sweet streame, before that bad occasion,
So much delight to bathe her limbes she tooke:
Ne onely her, but also quite forsooke
All those faire forrests about Arlo hid,
And all that Mountaine, which doth over-looke
The richest champian[614] that may else be rid,
And the faire Shure, in which are thousand Salmons bred.
Them all, and all that she so deare did way, lv

Thence-forth she left; and parting from the place,
There-on an heauy haplesse curse did lay,
To weet, that Wolues, where she was wont to space,
Should harbour’d be, and all those Woods deface,
And Thieues should rob and spoile that Coast around.
Since which, those Woods, and all that goodly Chase,
Doth to this day with Wolues and Thieues abound:
Which too-too true that lands in-dwellers since haue found.
FOOTNOTES:
[608] vii 4 th’empire 1609: corr. 1611
[609] x 1 That] Tho Hughes. Upton
[610] xxii 9 hot] her Hughes
[611] xxv 9 thou om. Hughes
[612] xxix 5 Procustes 1609
[613] xxxviii 2 wealth Hughes &c.
Canto VII.
Pealing, from Ioue, to Natur’s Bar,

bold Alteration pleades
Large Euidence: but Nature soone
her righteous Doome areads.
Ah! whither doost thou now thou greater Muse i

Me from these woods and pleasing forrests bring?
And my fraile spirit (that dooth oft refuse
This too high flight, vnfit for her weake wing)
Lift vp aloft, to tell of heauens King
(Thy soueraine Sire) his fortunate successe,
And victory, in bigger noates to sing,
Which he obtain’d against that Titanesse,
That him of heauens Empire sought to dispossesse.
Yet sith I needs must follow thy behest, ii

Doe thou my weaker wit with skill inspire,
Fit for this turne; and in my feeble[615] brest
Kindle fresh sparks of that immortall fire,
Which learned minds inflameth with desire
Of heauenly things: for, who but thou alone,
That art yborne of heauen and heauenly Sire,
Can tell things doen in heauen so long ygone;
So farre past memory of man that may be knowne.
Now, at the time that was before agreed, iii

The Gods assembled all on Arlo hill;
As well those that are sprung of heauenly seed,
As those that all the other world doe fill,
And rule both sea and land vnto their will:
Onely th’infernall Powers might not appeare;
Aswell for horror of their count’naunce ill,
As for th’vnruly fiends which they did feare;
Yet Pluto and Proserpina were present there.
And thither also came all other creatures, iv

What-euer life or motion doe retaine,
According to their sundry kinds of features;
That Arlo scarsly could them all containe;
So full they filled euery[616] hill and Plaine:
And had not Natures Sergeant (that is Order)
Them well disposed by his busie paine,
And raunged farre abroad in euery border,
They would haue caused much confusion and disorder.
Then forth issewed (great goddesse) great dame Nature, v

With goodly port and gracious Maiesty;
Being far greater and more tall of stature
Then any of the gods or Powers on hie:
Yet certes by her face and physnomy,
Whether she man or woman inly were,
That could not any creature well descry:
For, with a veile that wimpled euery where,
Her head and face was hid, that mote to none appeare.
That some doe say was so by skill deuized, vi

To hide the terror of her vncouth hew,
From mortall eyes that should be sore agrized;
For that her face did like a Lion shew,

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Which, both for Forme and Matter, appeare

VNDER THE LEGEND

Proud Change (not pleasd, in mortall things,

hat man that sees the euer-whirling wheele i

But first, here falleth fittest to vnfold ii

And many of them, afterwards obtain’d iii

So likewise did this Titanesse aspire, iv

For, she the face of earthly things so changed, v

Ne shee the lawes of Nature onely brake, vi

Thence, to the Circle of the Moone she clambe, viii

Her sitting on an Iuory throne shee found, ix

That[609] when the hardy Titanesse beheld x

Boldly she bid the Goddesse downe descend, xi

But shee that had to her that soueraigne seat xii

Yet nathemore the Giantesse forbare: xiii

Meane-while, the lower World, which nothing knew xiv

All ran together with a great out-cry, xv

Eftsoones the sonne of Maia forth he sent xvi

The wingd-foot God, so fast his plumes did beat, xvii

And there-with-all, he on her shoulder laid xviii

The Heauens Herald staid not to reply, xix

Harken to mee awhile yee heauenly Powers; xx

Of that bad seed is this bold woman bred, xxi

So hauing said, he ceast; and with his brow xxii

Eftsoones she thus resolv’d; that whil’st the Gods xxiii

Shee there arriuing, boldly in did pass; xxiv

That, when the haughty Titanesse beheld, xxv

Shee, halfe confused with his great commaund, xxvi

For, Titan (as ye all acknowledge must) xxvii

But now, this off-scum of that cursed fry, xxx

But, when he looked on her louely face, xxxi

But thee faire Titans child, I rather weene, xxxii

But wote thou this, thou hardy Titanesse, xxxiii

Then ceasse thy idle claime thou foolish gerle, xxxiv

But thee, O Ioue, no equall Iudge I deeme xxxv

Eftsoones the time and place appointed were, xxxvi

And, were it not ill fitting for this file, xxxvii

Whylome, when IRELAND florished in fame xxxviii

But mongst them all, as fittest for her game, xxxix

Amongst the which, there was a Nymph that hight xl

For, first, she springs out of two marble Rocks, xli

In her sweet streames, Diana vsed oft xlii

No way he found to compasse his desire, xliii

The simple maid did yield to him anone; xlv

There Faunus saw that pleased much his eye, xlvi

The Goddesse, all abashed with that noise, xlvii

Like as an huswife, that with busie care xlviii

So did Diana and her maydens all xlix

At length, when they had flouted him their fill, l