12/14/23

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

BLOOD TRANSFUSION qReview knowledge and understanding of various blood groups

Jhal Barcial-Espinosa, MAN, RN
qUnderstand the purposes of BT
qEnumerate the different types of blood products and its
indications.
qUtilize the Nursing Process as a framework in the care of clients
receiving blood transfusion.
qReview and practice skills of administering blood transfusion
qImplement safe and quality nursing care during administration of
blood transfusion
qPractice skills in promoting physiologic responses in the
administration of blood transfusion
qComprehend the different complications of blood transfusion and
its management.

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BLOOD PURPOSES OF BLOOD

TRANSFUSION
Is the introduction of whole
blood or blood components
into the venous circulation
TRANSFUSIONS
üTo restore blood volume
üTo restore the oxygen-
carrying capacity of the
blood.
üTo administer required
blood component by the
patient

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BLOOD PRODUCTS
ü Whole blood
ü Packed red
BLOOD TYPING blood cells
Determines the (PRBC)
presence of the ü Autologous red
blood cells
ABO and Rh ü Fresh frozen
antigens plasma
CROSSMATCHING ü Platelets
Identify possible ü Albumin
interactions of ü Cryoprecipitate
minor antigens ü Plasma protein
with factor
corresponding
antibodies

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BLOOD
PRODUCTS
FOR
TRANSFUSION

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1. WHOLE BLOOD
Most commonly used in
instances of acute
massive blood loss or
extreme cases of acute
hemorrhage.
Replaces blood volume
and all blood products
such as RBCs, Plasma,
plasma proteins, fresh
platelets, and other
clotting factor.

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2. PACKED RBC 3. AUTOLOGOUS RED

Make up the blood BLOOD CELLS
product remaining after Are those in which the
up to 80% of the plasma is patient is infused with his
removed from the whole
or her own blood, which
blood.
Used to increase the was donated in
oxygen-carrying capacity advance.
of blood in anemias, Used for blood
surgery, and disorders with replacement following
slow bleeding. planned elective
surgery.
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5. FRESH FROZEN
4. PLATELETS PLASMA
Replaces
platelets in clients Expands
with bleeding blood volume
disorders or and provides
platelet
clotting
deficiency.
factors

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6. ALBUMIN / PLASMA
PROTEIN 7. CRYOPRECIPITATE

Blood volume Used for clients

expander. with clotting factor
Provides plasma deficiencies.
proteins.

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8. PLASMA PROTEIN NURSING

FACTOR RESPONSIBILITIES
Portion of the plasma
remaining after üVERIFY doctor’s order.
fibrinogen, a protein
important in blood üGreet and identify the
clotting, and globulin, a
simple protein found in patient
blood serum, have
been removed.
üExplain the procedure
üStart IV if necessary
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üInformed Consent
üBaseline VS
üBlood from blood
bank
üCross matching and
blood typing
üPRACTICE STRICT
ASEPSIS

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üAt least 2 nurses

CHECK the label of
blood trasnsfusion
• Serial number
• Blood component
• Blood type
• Rh factor
• Expiration date
• Screening tests:
(VDRL – STD’s,
HBsAg – Hep B,
Malarial smear)

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ü Warm blood at room

temperature before transfusion.
ü Do not mix medications with blood
ü Identify client properly.
transfusions. To prevent adverse
ü Use needle gauge 18 -20. effects.
ü Use BT (blood transfusion) set with Do not incorporate medication into
filter. the blood transfusion.
ü Start infusion slowly at 10 gtts Do not use the blood transfusion line
/min. for IV push of medications.
ü Remain at the bedside for 15-30
minutes.

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ü Administer 0.9% NaCl before, during, and

after BT. Never administer IV fluids with
dextrose. Dextrose causes Hemolysis.
ü Administer Blood Transfusion for 4 hours
(whole blood, Packed RBC). For plasma,
platelets, cryoprecipitate, transfuse
quickly (20 min) clotting factors can easily
be destroyed.
ü Observe potential complications.
ü Notify Physician.

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BLOOD
TRANSFUSION
EQUIPMENT

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NURSING 3. Collect urine specimen.

RESPONSIBILITIES:
1. STOP BT immediately!
2. Start IV line 0.9 NaCl
To detect presence of
bacteria.
4. MONITOR VS
5. SEND unused blood and
BT set to the blood bank.

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SAMPLE DOCUMENTATION
6. ADMINISTER
Antihistamine, Diuretics
and Bronchodilators as
ordered.
7. DOCUMENTATION

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JBE
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