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CHAPTER 7 – DEVIANCE, CRIME, AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. _____ is behavior that violates expected rules or norms.

a. Crime
b. Deviance
c. Stigma
d. Social control
e. Sanction
ANS: B REF: 117 OBJ: FACTUAL SOURCE: Pickup
2. Which of the following statements is true regarding deviance?

a. Deviance is not universal.
b. Deviance is universal, and the characteristics don’t vary.
c. Deviance is universal, but the characteristics may vary across time.
d. Deviance is universal, but the characteristics may vary across cultures.
e. Deviance is universal, but the characteristics may vary across time, group, and
societies.
ANS: E REF: 117 OBJ: CONCEPTUAL
SOURCE: Pickup
3. Which of the following statements about deviance is incorrect?

a. Deviance can be a trait, belief, or behavior.
b. Deviance does not vary across societies.
c. Deviance is accompanied by social stigmas.
d. Deviance can be both formal and informal.
e. Perceptions of deviance can change over time.
ANS: B REF: 118 OBJ: FACTUAL SOURCE: New
4. A/n _____ is a negative label that devalues a person and disqualifies him/her from full social
acceptance.
a. harm
b. injurious
c. stigma
d. social control
e. norm
ANS: C REF: 118 OBJ: FACTUAL SOURCE: Pickup
5. _____ deviance is behavior that violates laws; _____ deviance is behavior that breaks
customary practices.
a. Formal; informal
b. Informal; formal
c. Primary; secondary
d. Secondary; primary
e. Formal; secondary
ANS: A REF: 118 OBJ: FACTUAL SOURCE: Pickup
6. Which of the following is a major source of crime statistics?

a. telephone surveys
b. teacher surveys
c. political surveys
d. online polls
e. victimization surveys
ANS: E REF: 119 OBJ: FACTUAL SOURCE: New
7. __________ refers to techniques and strategies that regulate people’s behavior in a society.
a. Crime
b. Strain theory
c. Social control
d. Rational control
e. Anomie
ANS: C REF: 122 OBJ: FACTUAL SOURCE: New
8. Crime differs from deviance because crime

a. is always more serious than deviance.
b. is always less serious than deviance.
c. involves a larger share of the population.
d. violates written laws.
e. violates rules that are deemed immoral.
ANS: D REF: 119 OBJ: FACTUAL SOURCE: New
9. The FBI’s __________ includes crimes which have been reported to the police.
a. database
b. Uniform Crime Report
c. National Crime Victimization Survey
d. Standardized Arrest Report
e. United State’s Police Report Data
10. Which of the following is a shortcoming of the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report (UCR)?
a. It does not include corporate crimes, kidnapping, and Internet crimes.
b. It includes victimless crimes.
c. It includes crimes not reported to the police.
d. It does not include racial bias.
e. It includes gender bias.
ANS: A REF: 119/120 OBJ: CONCEPTUAL
SOURCE: New
11. Which one of the following about the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is false?
a. It is based on interviews.
b. It offers a more accurate picture of crimes than the UCR.
c. It has a low response rate.
d. It gathers information on crimes that are and are not reported to the police.
e. It has a high response rate.
12. Which of the following statements about crime and arrests is true?
a. There are more arrests for victimless crimes than for property crimes.
b. There are more arrests for property crimes than for violent crimes.
c. There are more arrests for violent crimes than for victimless crimes.
d. There are more arrests for violent crimes than for property crimes.
e. There are more arrests for victimless crimes than for violent crimes.
13. Victimless crimes include

a. drug use and prostitution.
b. arson and burglary.
c. child pornography and kidnapping.
d. homicide and manslaughter.
e. assault and battery.
14. Which of the following is most likely to be the victim of a crime?

a. an 18-year-old white woman who lives in the college dorms
b. a 24-year-old African American man who lives just outside of the industrial park
downtown
c. a 32-year old white man who lives just outside of the industrial park downtown
d. a 40-year-old African American man who lives in the suburbs
e. a 70-year-old African American woman who lives by herself in the suburbs
ANS: B REF: 121 OBJ: APPLIED SOURCE: Pickup
15. Men are ________ likely to be the victim of a homicide, robbery, or aggravated assault than
women.
a. more
b. less
c. slightly less
d. five times more
e. equally
16. As age increases, the odds of being a victim of a crime _____ and the likelihood of engaging
in crime _____.
a. increases; increases
b. increases; decreases
c. decreases; increases
d. decreases; decreases
e. remains steady; increases
17. People _____________ constitute a majority of those arrested.
a. age 12-15
b. age 18 and under
c. age 40 and older
d. aged 29 and younger
e. age 30 and older
ANS: D REF: 121 OBJ: FACTUAL SOURCE: Pickup
18. _____ refer(s) to the technique and strategies that regulate people’s behavior in society.
a. Sanctions
b. Social control
c. Strain
d. Anomie
e. Labeling
19. _________ social controls come from our childhood socialization.

a. Informal
b. Formal
c. Positive
d. Negative
e. Individual
20. Bryan’s mother taught him to be kind and honest. When faced with the opportunity for
dishonesty, Bryan remembered his mother’s words and was honest. Bryan’s behavior
illustrates
a. informal social controls.
b. formal social controls.
c. internal social controls.
d. external social controls.
e. positive social controls.
ANS: A REF: 122 OBJ: APPLIED SOURCE: Pickup
21. Your sociology professor and college dean are examples of people who have a strong effect
on your
c. internal social controls.
d. external social controls.
e. positive social controls.
22. Sanctions are

a. endorsements of certain behaviors.
b. forms of conformity that are written into law.
c. inconsistent forms of punishment.
d. rewards or punishments for obeying or violating a norm.
e. illegal activities conducted online.
23. Larry completed a project at work two days earlier than he originally planned. Larry’s boss
congratulated him and his co-workers gave him “high fives” when they saw him. Larry was
experiencing
c. external sanctions.
d. positive sanctions.
e. negative sanctions.
ANS: D REF: 122 OBJ: APPLIED SOURCE: Pickup
24. As a child, Jeanne was constantly punished by her parents for not following directions and for
disobeying the house rules. Jeanne experienced
c. external sanctions.
d. positive sanctions.
e. negative sanctions.
ANS: E REF: 122 OBJ: APPLIED SOURCE: Pickup
25. _______ believe that crime occurs when people experience blocked opportunities like the
culturally approved goal of economic success.
a. Functionalists
b. Conflict theorists
c. Feminist theorists
d. Symbolic interactionists
e. Criminologists
ANS: A REF: 123 SOURCE: CONCEPTUAL
26. Crime and deviance are dysfunctional when they

a. dissolve tensions and insecurity.
b. erode trust in personal and formal relationships.
c. increase confidence in institutions.
d. create trust in personal relationships.
e. provide temporary safety valves.
27. Crime and deviance are functional when they

a. affirm cultural norms and values.
b. erode trust in personal and formal relationships.
c. create tension and insecurity.
d. are costly.
e. damage confidence in institutions.
ANS: A REF: 124 OBJ: FACTUAL SOURCE: New
28. _____ refers to a situation in which people are unsure of how to behave because of absent,
conflicting, or confusing social norms.
a. Sanction
b. Anomie
c. Social control
d. Deviance
e. Strain
29. When Damion was 16, his family moved from Germany to the United States. In Germany, the
legal drinking age was 16, but in the United States it is 21. Damion was confused by these
differing rules and experienced
a. sanctioning.
b. anomie.
c. social control.
d. deviance.
e. strain.
30. Durkheim introduced the term anomie, but _____ elaborated on the concept to explain how
social structure can create deviance.
a. Sutherland
b. Bogel
c. Merton
d. Becker
e. Lembert
31. According to Merton, Americans are taught to strive towards the “American Dream” of
economic success. He called these aspirations
a. institutionalized goals.
b. institutionalized means.
c. cultural strain.
d. cultural means.
e. cultural goals.
ANS: E REF: 125 OBJ: FACTUAL SOURCE: Pickup
32. According to Merton, U.S society emphasizes ______ to achieve economic success.
c. cultural strain.
d. cultural means.
e. cultural goals.
33. Completing college, working hard, and making sacrifices are examples of Merton’s
c. cultural strain.
d. cultural means.
e. cultural goals.
34. The majority of people respond to blocked institutionalized means through which of Merton’s
modes of adaptation?
a. conformity
b. innovation
c. ritualism
d. retreatism
e. rebellion
35. Henry’s family was unable to pay their bills last month. He wanted the best for his family, but
had a low-paying job. To “earn” some extra cash, be began selling fraudulent tickets at the
Civic Center. According to Merton, Henry is a/n
a. conformist.
b. innovator.
c. ritualist.
d. retreatist.
e. rebel.
36. Heather has been teaching for 25 years at the local junior high school. She does not care about
a big pay check and has stopped caring about the success of her students. Heather is just doing
enough to make it to retirement. According to Merton, Heather is a/n
a. conformist.
b. innovator.
c. ritualist.
d. retreatist.
e. rebel.
ANS: C REF: 125 OBJ: APPLIED SOURCE: Pickup
37. Harold started using drugs when he was 17. By the time Harold turned 20 he was living on the
streets. According to Merton, Henry is a/n
a. conformist.
b. innovator.
c. ritualist.
d. retreatist.
e. rebel.
38. Hank lives in northern Michigan and participates in a paramilitary group. They oppose the
federal government and plan to replace it with their own form of government. According to
Merton, Hank is a/n
a. conformist.
b. innovator.
c. ritualist.
d. retreatist.
e. rebel.
ANS: E REF: 125 OBJ: APPLIED SOURCE: Pickup
39. Which one of these statements about functionalist theories on deviance and crime is false?
a. They overlook the fact that not every American sees financial success as a major
goal in life.
b. They don’t explain why women’s crime rates are much lower than men’s.
c. They ignore the role of social structure in explaining deviance and crime.
d. They don’t explain crimes of passion and rage.
e. They typically focus on street crimes rather than white-collar crimes.
40. _____ ask why some deviant acts are defined as criminal while others are not.
a. Functionalists
b. Conflict theorists
c. Feminist theorists
d. Symbolic interactionists
e. Strain theorists
ANS: B REF: 125 OBJ: CONCEPTUAL
SOURCE: Pickup
41. According to conflict theorists, _____ control the law and therefore define what is and isn’t
deviant and criminal.
a. the richest in society
b. the oldest in society
c. the most politically active in society
d. the most powerful in society
e. the deepest pockets
42. Conflict theorists often focus on which type of crime?

a. violent crime
b. property crime
c. white collar crime
d. organized crime
e. victimless crime
43. Conflict theorists are much less likely than functionalists to focus on
a. cybercrime
b. occupational crime
c. corporate crime
d. organized crime
e. street crime
44. _____ are illegal activities committed by individuals acting solely in their own personal
interest.
a. Cybercrimes
b. White-collar crimes
c. Corporate crimes
d. Organized crimes
e. Industrial crimes
45. _____ are illegal acts committed by executives to benefit themselves and their companies.
a. Cybercrimes
b. Occupational crimes
c. Corporate crimes
d. Organized crimes
46. _____ are illegal activities that are conducted online.

a. Cybercrimes
c. Corporate crimes
d. Organized crimes
47. _________ are activities of individuals and organizations that supply illegal goods and
services for profit.
a. Cybercrimes
c. Corporate crimes
d. Organized crimes
48. Diane, an executive at a large company, routinely embezzles client funds to help support her
lifestyle. Diane is guilty of
a. cybercrime.
b. white-collar crime.
c. corporate crime.
d. organized crime.
e. industrial crime.
ANS: B REF: 126 OBJ: APPLIED SOURCE: New
49. Mr. Davis, an accounting executive at Alpha Inc., participated in tax fraud for several years,
which saved the company millions of dollars in taxes. Mr. Davis is guilty of
a. cybercrime.
b. occupational crime.
c. corporate crime.
d. organized crime.
e. industrial crime.
50. Which of the following is not a weakness of the conflict perspectives on deviance and crime?
a. Conflict theory exaggerates the importance of capitalism.
b. Conflict theory deemphasizes the crimes committed by low-income people.
c. Conflict theory ignores the ways that deviance and crime are functional for society.
d. Conflict theory ignores the linkages between power and social class.
e. Conflict theory usually focuses on men.
ANS: D REF: 127-128 OBJ: CONCEPTUAL
SOURCE: Pickup
51. According to feminist scholars, which of the following is not a reason for most women’s
victimization?
a. Laws are often more sympathetic toward men than women.
b. Anomie increases women’s likelihood of victimization.
c. Men have historically dominated the government and the legal system.
d. Male, not female, aggression is usually rewarded.
e. Many women have internalized the belief that their victimization is normal.
52. According to feminist scholars, which of the following does not explain why the rates of
female offenders have increased?
a. The breakdown of the family, religion, and community.
b. More aggressive policing policies.
c. Patriarchy and women’s limited economic opportunities.
d. Experiencing mistreatment that begins in early childhood.
e. Women’s increased participation in white-collar and cybercrime.
53. The symbolic interaction perspective suggests that people _____ deviant behavior.
a. are born with
b. develop
c. study
d. learn
e. recognize
54. Which two symbolic interaction theories are among the best known in explaining crime and
deviance?
a. feminist theories and differential association
b. labeling and differential association
c. labeling and feminist theories
d. strain and labeling
e. differential association and strain
55. “What you’re raised with you grow to become.” This statement exemplifies which symbolic
interaction perspective?
a. differential association
b. labeling
c. strain
d. crime control
e. conflict
56. Sociologist _____ coined the term “differential association” to refer to how people learn
deviance through their different associations.
a. Edwin Lemert
b. Edwin Sutherland
c. Robert Merton
d. Howard Becker
e. Herbert Mead
57. The basic idea behind differential association theory is that

a. one’s environment has little influence on deviance and crime.
b. most deviant and criminal behavior is spontaneous.
c. labeling is a major factor in explaining deviance.
d. primary deviance leads to secondary deviance.
e. most people learn deviant behavior through interaction.
58. According to Sutherland, people are most likely to engage in crime if they are exposed to
deviant values
a. later in life.
b. infrequently.
c. over a short period of time.
d. from important people.
e. from unimportant people.
59. Nearly 47 percent of state prisoners have a parent or close relative who has been incarcerated.
Such data provide support for ____ in explaining deviance and crime.
a. functionalist theory
b. conflict theory
c. differential association theory
d. labeling theory
e. feminist theory
60. “Society’s reaction to behavior is a major factor in defining someone as deviant.” This
statement best exemplifies which theory of deviance?
a. differential association
b. labeling
c. strain
d. crime control
e. feminist theory
ANS: B REF: 130-131 OBJ: CONCEPTUAL
SOURCE: Pickup
61. According to _____, being a deviant or a criminal depends on how others react.
a. labeling theory
b. differential association theory
c. strain theory
d. subcultural theory
e. opportunity theory
ANS: A REF: 130-131 OBJ: FACTUAL SOURCE: Pickup
62. _____ distinguished between primary and secondary deviance.

a. Edwin Lemert
b. Edwin Sutherland
c. Robert Merton
d. Howard Becker
e. Herbert Mead
63. _____ deviance is the initial violation of a norm or law and can range from relatively minor
offenses to serious offenses.
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Street
e. Corporate
64. _____ deviance is the deviant behavior that emerges as the result of others’ responses.
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Street
e. Corporate
65. According to some critics, ___ doesn’t explain impulsive crimes committed by people who
have grown up in law-abiding families.
a. differential opportunity theory
b. differential association theory
c. conflict theory
d. functionalism
e. secondary deviance theory
ANS: B REF: 132 OBJ: CONCEPTUAL
SOURCE: Pickup
66. The police, courts, and prison system make up the

a. criminology suite.
b. rehabilitation system.
c. community outreach system.
d. criminal justice system.
e. penal system.
67. The criminal justice system relies on three major approaches to crime control. Which of the
following is not one of these approaches?
a. avoidance
b. prevention
c. intervention
d. punishment
e. rehabilitation
68. Prevention and intervention typically focus on which age group?

a. children
b. pre-teens
c. adolescents
d. young adults
e. elderly
69. Those who support a(n) _____ model believe that crime rates increase when offenders don’t
fear punishment.
a. crime control
b. stigma
c. social control
d. trepidation
e. intervention
70. The primary role of the police is to

a. prevent crime.
b. punish criminals.
c. enforce society’s laws.
d. profile potential criminals.
e. buy doughnuts.
71. ____ is the global leader in the number of inmates per capita.
a. Mexico
b. Iraq
c. Ireland
d. Japan
e. The United States
72. Incarceration rates are highest for __________, both women and men.
a. Caucasians
b. African Americans
c. Latinos
d. American Indians
e. Asian Americans
73. U.S. recidivism has

a. increased since 1999.
b. decreased since 1999.
c. remained about the same since 1999.
d. decreased since 1980.
e. increased since 1980.
74. The majority of people arrested in the United States are

a. white.
b. black.
c. American Indian or Asian American.
d. Latino.
e. The arrest rates are similar across all racial and ethnic groups.
ANS: A REF: 121 OBJ: FACTUAL SOURCE: New
75. Which one of these statements about deviance and crime is false?
a. Social class affects crime rates.
b. Crime rates are higher in low-income areas than in wealthy suburbs.
c. Poor people are more deviant than those at the higher end of the socioeconomic
ladder.
d. Poor people are the most likely to engage in intellectual property theft.
e. Most offenders are never arrested.
ANS: C REF: 122 OBJ: CONCEPTUAL
SOURCE: Pickup
76. Which of the following statements does not reflect conflict theorists’ explanations of
why many people commit white-collar crimes?
a. These behaviors are usually not criminalized.
b. There is minimal enforcement and few penalties for white-collar crime.
c. There is greater leniency in prosecuting white-collar crimes than street crimes.
d. Many people experience anomie and social strain.
e. There aren’t enough resources to prosecute white-collar crimes.
ANS: D REF: 126 OBJ: CONCEPTUAL
SOURCE: Pickup
77. Neil’s friends began to criticize him for drinking too much and pushed him out of their social
circle. Neil became bitter, drank even more, and became friends with people who were heavy
drinkers. According to Edwin Lemert, this situation illustrates
a. the onset of retreatism.
b. the onset of primary deviance.
c. the onset of secondary deviance.
d. the formation of a deviant subculture.
e. the onset of labeling theory.
78. Nora is a researcher who studies the nature and causes of criminal behavior. Nora is a
a. police officer.
b. politician.
c. sociologist.
d. criminologist.
e. statistician.
79. Which of the following crimes is not included in Part 1 of the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report?
a. murder
b. rape
c. arson
d. speeding tickets
e. larceny
80. In what year did the FBI begin publishing the Uniform Crime Report?
a. 1900
b. 1930
c. 1945
d. 1960
e. 1975
81. In 2010, approximately _____ percent of those arrested for violent crimes and _____ percent
of those arrested for property crimes were prosecuted.
a. 16; 44
b. 47; 18
c. 22; 8
d. 8; 22
e. 22; 16
82. Of the more than 12 million serious crimes committed in the United States in 2010,
approximately _____ percent were violent crimes.
a. 1
b. 12
c. 20
d. 25
e. 35
83. Which of the following offenses is least likely to be reported?

a. murder
b. rape
c. illicit drug use
d. robbery
e. arson
84. Americans mistakenly believe that crime rates have increased recently. This misinformation is
partly due to
a. the fact that Americans do not have a basic understanding of math.
b. media sensationalism.
c. reporting to police has increased.
d. enrollment in law enforcement programs has increased.
e. higher survey response rates.
85. Households are most likely to be victimized in which of the following social classes?
a. lower class
b. lower-middle class
c. middle class
d. upper-middle class
e. upper class
86. Of all those arrested in 2010, _____ were men.

a. one-quarter
b. one-third
c. one-half
d. two-thirds
e. three-quarters
87. Approximately _____ percent of those arrested are white.

a. 20
b. 35
c. 40
d. 55
e. 69
88. Offense rates are highest in

a. inner-city areas
b. suburbs
c. rural areas
d. out suburbs
e. mega cities
89. Formal social controls exist

a. only during childhood.
b. only during adulthood.
c. internal to an individual.
d. external to an individual.
e. within the legal system.
90. Which of the following is not a dysfunction of crime and deviance?

a. Crime and deviance create tension and insecurity.
b. Crime and deviance erode trust.
c. Crime and deviance damage confidence in institutions.
d. Crime and deviance is costly.
e. Crime and deviance create social unity.
91. Since 2008, and for the first time in history, 1 in every _______Americans adults is in prison.
a. 500
b. 300
c. 100
d. 1000
e. 900
92. In 2010, the Internet Crimes Complaint Center received more than _____ complaints.
a. 200,000
b. 300,000
c. 500,000
d. 750,000
e. 1,000,000
93. Which of the following is not a reason why so many people commit white-collar crimes?
a. Most white-collar crimes are not criminalized.
b. There is minimal enforcement of white-collar crimes.
c. White-collar crimes are produced through privilege and corruption.
d. Enforcement of white-collar crimes lacks resources.
e. Individuals are testing authority.
ANS: E REF: 127 OBJ: CONCEPTUAL
SOURCE: Pickup
94. Which of the following is the least effective approach to crime control?
a. prevention
b. intervention
c. punishment
d. rehabilitation
e. social control
ANS: C REF: 133 OBJ: CONCEPTUAL
SOURCE: Pickup
95. Imprisonment rates are highest for

a. White males
b. Black females
c. Black males
d. Asian females
e. Latino males
TRUE/FALSE
1. According to sociologists, most people have, at some point in time, violated some of society’s
rules.
ANS: T REF: 117 SOURCE: FACTUAL
2. Most crime victims are women.
ANS: F REF: 118 SOURCE: FACTUAL
3. Older people are much less likely to be victimized than those under age 65.
4. People in affluent neighborhoods are more likely to experience burglary than those in poor
neighborhoods.
5. For functionalists, deviance and crime are always dysfunctional.
ANS: F REF: 123-124 SOURCE: FACTUAL
6. A common criticism of conflict theory is that it deemphasizes the crimes committed by low-
income people.
ANS: T REF: 127-128 SOURCE: FACTUAL
7. For feminist theorists, “deviance is in the eyes of the beholder.”
ANS: F REF: 128 SOURCE: CONCEPTUAL
8. The number of U.S. prisoners has doubled since 1987.
9. Capital punishment decreases crime.
ANS: F REF: 134-135 SOURCE: FACTUAL
10. According to Robert Merton, a drug dealer would be a good example of a deviant “innovator.”
ANS: T REF: 125 SOURCE: APPLIED
11. The old saying “An eye for an eye” illustrates rehabilitation perspectives.
ANS: F REF: 135 SOURCE: APPLIED
12. One of the criticisms of feminist analyses of crime is that they emphasize street crimes.
ANS: F REF: 129 SOURCE: CONCEPTUAL
13. The National Crime Victimization Survey includes only crimes reported to the police, even
those that do not result in an arrest.
14. People are more likely to be arrested for a drug violation than for driving while drunk.
15. Hispanic men are more likely to be the victims of a homicide than Black or White men.
16. The vast majority of offenders are arrested at least once.
ANS: F REF: 135 OBJ: 4 SOURCE: FACT

SHORT ANSWER
1. Drug use, gambling, and prostitution are considered to be “victimless crimes.” Do you agree
or disagree that these crimes are victimless? Explain your answer.
ANS:
Will vary
REF: 120/121
2. Discuss Merton’s five possible reactions to tensions produced by anomie. Why is he

considered a functionalist?
ANS:
Will vary
REF: 119-122
3. Which of the four theoretical perspectives do you think is the most useful in explaining
deviance and crime? Explain why and support your answer with specific examples from the
textbook as well as your personal experiences and observations.
ANS:
Will vary
REF: 122-133
4. Compare and contrast symbolic interactionist and conflict theories of deviance. What theory is
most convincing to you?
ANS:
Will vary
REF: 126
5. Outline the three major approaches to controlling crime. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses
of each approach. Which approach do you find most compelling? Explain why.
ANS:
Will vary
REF: 133-135
6. Do you think that differential association or labeling theories are more useful in explaining
deviance and crime? Explain your answer and provide examples to support your position.
ANS:
Will vary
REF: 131
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La mort achilles le t’aprent
xl Glose.
Achilles fist moult de griefz aux troiens & au roy priam occist
plusieurs de ses enfans hector troylus & autres dont haÿr le devoit/
non obstant ce achilles se fya en la royne hecuba femme priam a qui
il eut occis ses enfans par trahison et alla par nuit parler a elle pour
traicter du mariage de polixene sa fille et de luy & la fut occis par
paris & ses compaignons par le commandement de la royne sa mere
au temple apolin pour ce dit au bon chevalier que ne se doibt fyer en
son ennemy a qui trop a meffait sans faire a luy paix ne aulcune
amende. A ce propos dit ung sage/ garde toy des aguetz de ton
ennemy qui vengier ne se peult.
xl Allegorie.
Comme en celluy a qui as meffait ne te doibs fier. Nous

prendrons que comme nous devons doubter les vengances de dieu
soit necessaire tenir le commandement qui dit. Tu ne feras de
meschief/ c’est a dire de adultere ne de fornicacion/ et si est defendu
ce dit ysodore toute illicite couple charnelle qui n’est en cas de
mariage et tout desordonné usage des membres genitales. A ce
propos dit la loy.
Morte moriantur mechus et adultera levitici. xx. ca.

xli Texte.
Ne ressembles mie busierres

Qui trop plus mauvais que lierres
Sa cruaulté fait a reprendre
A telz faitz ne te vueilles prendre
xli Glose
Busierres fut ung roy de merveilleuse cruaulté et moult se

delectoit en l’occision des hommes/ et de fait luymesmes en ses
temples les occisoyt de couteaulz et en faisoit sacrifice a ses dieux.
Pour ce dit au bon chevalier que nullement ne se doit delecter en
l’occision de humaine creature. Car telle cruaulté est contre dieu
contre nature et contre toute bonté. A ce propos dit socrates au bon
conseillier se ton prince est cruel tu le dois amoderer par bons
exemples.
xli Allegorie.
Busierres qui fut homicide & contraire a humaine nature/ pouons

noter la defence que nous fait le commandement qui dit/ tu ne feras
point larcin/ et si est defendu ce que dit Sainct augustin toute illicite
usurpacion des choses d’aultruy tout sacrilege toute rapine toute
chose tollue par force/ & par seigneurie sur le peuple sans raison. A
ce propos dit saint pol l’apostre.
Qui furabatur jam non furetur. ad epheseos. iiii. ca.

xlii Texte
N’ayes pas si chier ta plaisance

Que trop mettes en grant balance
Ta vie/ que tu doibs aymer
Lehander est peri en mer.
xlii Glose
Lehander fut ung damoisel qui trop aymoit de grant amour Hero
la belle/ & comme il y eust ung bras de mer entre les manoirs aux
deux amans le passoit lehander tout a nage par nuyt moult
souventesfois pour sa dame veoir qui pres du rivage avoit son
chasteau affin que leur amour ne fust apperceue/ mais il advint que
ung grant orage de temps leva qui par plusieurs jours dura la marine
qui destournoyt la joye des amans. Si advint une nuyt que lehander
contraint de trop grant desir se mist en la mer au temps de l’orage &
la fut sy loing porté par les vagues perilleuses que il luy convint perir
piteusement/ Hero qui fut de l’autre part en grant soucy pour son
amy quant elle veit le corps venir flotant au rivage adonc estrainte
d’une merveilleuse douleur se getta en la mer & en embrassant le
corps pery elle fut noyee. Pource dit au bon chevalier que tant ne
doibt aymer son delit que pour ce doye mettre sa vie en trop grant
aventure. Si dit ung sage. je me esmerveille de ce que je voy tant de
perilz souffrir pour le delit du corps/ & faire si petite pourveance a
l’ame qui est perpetuelle.
xlii Alegorie.
Comme l’auctorité deffend que il n’ait si chiere sa plaisance peult

estre entendu le commandement qui dit. Tu ne parleras point faulx
tesmoignages contre ton prochain. Et si est deffendu ce dit sainct
augustin toute faulse accusation/ murmuration/ detraction/ tout faulx
rapport/ & diffamation d’aultruy & est assavoir ce dit ysodore que le
faulx tesmoing fait villanie a trois parties/ c’estassavoir a dieu que il
despite en le parjurant/ au juge que il desçoyt en mentant/ & a son
prochain que il blesse en faulcement contre luy deposant. Et pour ce
dit l’escripture.
Testis falsus non erit impunitus/ & qui loquitur mendacia non
effugiet. Proverbiorum. xix. capitulo.
xliii Texte
Rens helaine s’on la demande

Car en grant meffait gist amende
Et mieulx vault tost paix consentir
Que tard venir au repentir
xliii Glose.
Helayne fut femme au roy menelaus & ravie par paris en grece/ &
quant les grecz furent venus sur troye a grant armee pour la
vengeance d’icelluy fait/ ains qu’ilz meffeissent a la terre ilz requirent
que helayne leur fust rendue & amende leur fust faicte de celle
offence ou si non ilz destruiroient le pays/ et pource que riens n’en
voulurent faire les troyens s’en ensuyvit le grant meschief qui depuis
leur advint/ pour ce veult dire au bon chevalier que se il a folie
encouvenancee mieulx lui vault la delaisser & faire paix que la
poursuyvre que mal ne luy en aviengne. pour ce dit le philosophe
Platon. Se tu as fait injure a qui que ce soit tu ne doibs estre aise
jusques a tant que tu soyes a luy accordé et fait paix.
xliii Alegorie.
Helayne qui doit estre rendue peult estre entendu le

commandement qui dit. Tu ne desireras point la femme de ton
prochain par quoy est deffendu ce dit sainct augustin la pensee & la
voulenté de faire fornication dont le fait est deffendu devant par le.
vi. commandement/ car dit nostreseigneur en l’evangile.
Qui viderit mulierem ad concupiscendam eam jam mechatus

est in corde suo. Matthei. vi. capitulo.
xliiii Texte
Ne ressemble pas la deesse

Aurora qui rent grant leesse
Aux aultres quant vient a son heure
Et pour soy tient tristesse & pleure.
xliiii Glose.
Aurora c’est le point du jour & disent les fables que c’est une
deesse et que elle eut ung sien filz occis en la bataille de troye qui
cinus fut nommé & pour ce que deesse estoit elle avoit la puissance
de ce faire elle mua le corps de son filz en ung cinne & de la vindrent
les premiers cinnes. Celle dame estoit de sy grant beaulté que elle
resjouissoit tous ceulx qui la veoyent/ mais toute sa vie ploura son
filz cinnus qui fut mort & encore le plore ce dit la fable/ car la rousee
qui chiet au point du jour disent que c’est aurora qui plore son filz
cinnus/ Pource dit que le bon chevalier qui par ses bonnes vertus
resjouist les aultres ne doibt estre triste mais joyeux & moderé
gratieusement/ pource dit Aristote a Alixandre le grant/ quelque
tristesse que ton cueur ait doibs tousjours monstrer lyé visage
devant ta gent.
xliiii Alegorie
Aurora qui pleure pouons entendre que nul desir ne doibt plourer
en nous par couvoiter chose non deue. Et par ce pouons nous noter
le .x. et derrenier commandement qui dit. Tu ne couvoiteras pas la
maison de ton prochain/ ne son beuf/ ne son asne/ ne chose que il
ait/ parquoy ce dit sainct Augustin est deffendue la voulenté de faire
larrecin ou rapine/ dont le fait est deffendu devant par le .vii.
commandement/ et a ce propos dit David en son psaultier.
Nolite sperare in iniquitate. Rapinas nolite concupiscere.

xlv Texte.
Pour tant se pasiphé fut folle

Ne vueilles lire en ton escolle
Que telles soyent toutes femmes
Car il est maintes vaillans dames
xlv Glose.
Pasiphé fut une royne et disent aucunes fables que elle fut
femme de grant dissolution & mesmement que elle ayma ung
thoreau et que mere fut mynothaurus qui fut moitié homme & moitie
thoreau qui est a entendre que elle acointa ung homme de vile
condicion de qui elle conceut ung homme qui estoit de grant cruaulté
& de merveilleuse force/ et pource qu’il eut forme de homme &
nature de thoreau & ce que il fut fort et de grant aspreté et si
mauvais que tout le pays essilloit/ disrent les poetes par fiction que il
fut moitié homme et moitié toreau et pour ce se ceste dame fut de
vile condicion veult dire au bon chevalier que il ne doit dire ne
souffrir qu’il soit dit que toutes femmes soient semblables comme la
verité soit manifeste au contraire. Galien aprint la science de
medecine de une moult vaillante femme & sage appellee clempare
qui luy aprint a congnoistre maintes bonnes herbes et leurs
proprietez.
xlv Allegorie.
Pasiphé qui fut folle pouons entendre l’ame retournee a dieu. Et

dit saint gregoire es omelies que plus grant joye est menee aux
cieulx d’une ame retournee a dieu que de ung qui a tousjours esté
ainsi comme le capitaine en la bataille ayme mieulx le chevalier qui
s’en estoit fuy et puis est retourné/ & apres son retour a fort navré
l’ennemy que cellui qui n’a fait nul beau fait. et comme le laboureur
aime mieulx la terre qui apres les espines porte abondamment fruit
que celle qui n’eut oncques nulles espines & n’a point porté fruit. A
ce propos dit dieu par le prophete.
Revertatur unusquisque a via sua pessima & propicius ero

iniquitati & peccato ipsorum. Hieremie. xxvi. ca.
xlvi Texte
Se filles as a marier
Et tu les veulx aparier
A hommes dont ne mal te vienne
Du roy adrastus te souvienne
xlvi Glose.
Adrastus fut roy de arges & moult puissant & preudhoms deux
chevaliers errans l’un appelle polmites & l’autre thideus se
combatoient par nuyt obscure soubz le portail de son palais dont l’un
calengoit le logis de l’autre pour cause du fort temps & de la grosse
pluye qui les avoit toute nuit tormentez & la s’estoient d’aventure
embatus/ A celle heure le roy se leva qui avoit ouy la noise de
espees sur les escus & vint departir les deux chevaliers. Polmites
estoit filz au roy de thebes & thideus a ung aultre roy de grece mais
de leurs terres furent exillez/ grandement honnora Adrastus les deux
barons puis leur donna en mariage deux moult belles filles que il
avoit/ apres pour mettre polmites au droit de sa terre que ethiocles
son frere tenoit fist grant armee le roy adrastus & sur thebes allerent
a grant ost desconfitz & mors & prins y furent tous & les deux
gendres du roy mortz/ & les freres dont le descord estoit s’entre
occirent en la bataille & ne demeura de tous fors adrastus luy tiers
de chevaliers/ & pour ce que a gens exillez remettre en leurs droictz
a moult affaire dit au bon chevalier que en tel cas doibt avoir conseil
& se doibt mirer en la dicte aventure/ & comme Adrastus eut songé
une nuyt que il donnoit ses deux filles par mariage a ung lyon & a
ung dragon qui ensemble se combatoient/ dit l’expositeur des
songes que songe vient de la fantasie qui peult estre demonstrance
de bonne ou de male aventure qui doibt advenir aux creatures.
xlvi Alegorie
Ou il est dit que se filles a a marier que il garde a qui il les

donnera/ nous pouons entendre que le bon esperit chevalereux a
dieu doibt bien regarder a qui il s’acompaigne s’il advient qu’en
compaignie vueille aller comme fist le bon thobie/ aussi doit toutes
assigner ses pensees en sainctes meditations & dit sainct augustin
en ung epistre que ceulz qui ont aprins de nostreseigneur a estre
debonnaire & humbles proffitent plus en meditant & en priant que ilz
ne font en lysant & en oyant/ pource disoit david en son psaultier.
Meditabar in mandatis tuis que dilexi.

xlvii Texte
De cupido/ se jeune & cointes

Es/ assez me plaist que t’acointes
Par mesure comment qu’il aille
Il plaist bien au dieu de bataille.
xlvii Glose
Cupido c’est le dieu d’amours/ & pource qu’il ne messiet point a

jeune chevalier estre amoureux de dame qui soyt vaillable/ ains en
pevent mieulx valoir ses condicions mais que le moyen y sache
garder & qui est chose assez advisant aux armes/ dit au bon
chevalier que elle consent assez que de cupido s’acointe/ & dit ung
philosophe que aymer de bon courage vient de noblesse de cueur.
xlvii Alegorie
Que bien plaist au dieu de bataille que de cupido s’acointe peult

estre entendue penitance se le bon esperit repentant de ses pechez
batailleur contre les vices est jeune & nouvel entré la droicte voye
bien plaist au dieu de bataille c’est jesuchrist que il s’acointe de
penitence & que jesuchrist par sa digne bataille fut nostre
redempteur dit sainct bernard/ quel mot dit il de plusgrant
misericorde peult on dire au pecheur qui estoit damné que la ou il
s’estoit vendu par peché a l’ennemy d’enfer & n’avoit de quoy se
racheter dieu le pere dist pren mon filz & le baille pour toy & le filz
dist pren moy & te rachete par moy. Cecy ramentoit sainct pierre
l’apostre en sa premiere epistre.
Non corruptibilibus auro vel argento redempti estis : sed

precioso sanguine quasi agni incontaminati et immaculati jesu
christi. prima petri. i. ca.
xlviii Texte
N’occis pas corinis la belle

Pour le raport & la nouvelle
Du corbel/ car se l’occioyes
Apres tu t’en repentiroyes.
xlviii Glose
Corinis fut une damoiselle comme dit une fable que phebus ayma
par amours le corbel qui adonc le servoit luy apporta qu’il avoit veu
corinis s’amye gesir avec ung aultre damoisel/ de celle nouvelle fut
tant dolent phebus que il occist s’amye des que il la veit mais a
merveilles s’en repentit apres dont le corbel qui guerdon attendoit a
avoir de son seigneur pour ce bien fait en fut mauldit & chassé & la
plume que il souloit avoir blanche comme nege luy mua phebus en
noire en signe de douleur & l’ordonna phebus des lors porteur &
anonceur de males nouvelles/ & peult estre entendue l’exposition
que le serviteur d’aulcun puissant homme luy raporta semblables
nouvelles dont il fut chassé & deffait. Pour ce veult dire que le bon
chevalier ne se doibt avansser de dire a son prince nouvelles dont il
ait le cueur couroussé/ car a la fin ne luy en pourroit bien venir/ &
aussi ne doibt croire raport qui luy soit fait par flaterie. A ce propos
dit le philozophe hermes. Ung raporteur ou controuveur de nouvelles
ou il ment a celuy a qui il les raporte ou il est faulz a celuy de qui il
les dit.
xlviii Alegorie
Corinis qui ne doibt estre occise nous entendrons nostre ame

que nous ne devons occire par peché mais bien la garder. Et dit
sainct augustin que l’ame doibt estre gardee comme le coffre qui est
plain de tresor & comme le chastel qui est assiegé des ennemys &
comme le roy qui se repose en sa chambre de retrait et doibt estre
ceste chambre close de cinq portes qui sont les cinq sens de nature
& n’est aultre chose clorre ses portes sinon que retraire les
delectations des cinq sens et s’il advient que l’ame doye yssir par
ses portes a ses operations foraines elle doibt meurement &
rassisement & en discretion yssir & ainsi comme les princes quant ilz
veullent yssir de leurs chambres ou ilz ont huyssiers devant eulx
tenans maces pour faire voye en la presse/ ainsi quant l’ame doit
yssir a veoyr ouyr/ parler/ & sentir/ elle doibt avoir devant soy paour
pour huyssier qui doibt avoir pour mace la consideration des peines
d’enfer & du jugement de dieu/ & de ainsi garder son ame
amonneste le sage.
Omni custodia serva tuum cor quoniam ex ipso vita procedit.

Proverbiorum. iiii. capitulo.

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1. _____ is behavior that violates expected rules or norms.

2. Which of the following statements is true regarding deviance?

3. Which of the following statements about deviance is incorrect?

6. Which of the following is a major source of crime statistics?

8. Crime differs from deviance because crime

13. Victimless crimes include

14. Which of the following is most likely to be the victim of a crime?

19. _________ social controls come from our childhood socialization.

22. Sanctions are

26. Crime and deviance are dysfunctional when they

27. Crime and deviance are functional when they

42. Conflict theorists often focus on which type of crime?

46. _____ are illegal activities that are conducted online.

57. The basic idea behind differential association theory is that

62. _____ distinguished between primary and secondary deviance.

66. The police, courts, and prison system make up the

68. Prevention and intervention typically focus on which age group?

70. The primary role of the police is to

73. U.S. recidivism has

74. The majority of people arrested in the United States are

83. Which of the following offenses is least likely to be reported?

86. Of all those arrested in 2010, _____ were men.

87. Approximately _____ percent of those arrested are white.

88. Offense rates are highest in

89. Formal social controls exist

90. Which of the following is not a dysfunction of crime and deviance?

95. Imprisonment rates are highest for

ANS: T REF: 117 SOURCE: FACTUAL

2. Most crime victims are women.

ANS: F REF: 118 SOURCE: FACTUAL

ANS: T REF: 121 SOURCE: FACTUAL

5. For functionalists, deviance and crime are always dysfunctional.

ANS: F REF: 123-124 SOURCE: FACTUAL

ANS: T REF: 127-128 SOURCE: FACTUAL

7. For feminist theorists, “deviance is in the eyes of the beholder.”

ANS: F REF: 128 SOURCE: CONCEPTUAL

8. The number of U.S. prisoners has doubled since 1987.

ANS: F REF: 134 SOURCE: FACTUAL

9. Capital punishment decreases crime.

ANS: F REF: 134-135 SOURCE: FACTUAL

ANS: T REF: 125 SOURCE: APPLIED

ANS: F REF: 135 SOURCE: APPLIED

ANS: F REF: 129 SOURCE: CONCEPTUAL

ANS: F REF: 119 SOURCE: FACTUAL

ANS: T REF: 118 SOURCE: FACTUAL

ANS: F REF: 121 SOURCE: FACTUAL

16. The vast majority of offenders are arrested at least once.

ANS: F REF: 135 OBJ: 4 SOURCE: FACT

2. Discuss Merton’s five possible reactions to tensions produced by anomie. Why is he