Sem 2

STUDENT GUIDE OF I.K.D. VIII (Case 1)

STUDENT GUIDE OF IKD VIII

“INFECTIOUS DISEASE”
(first session)

Case : Shindy

A 10-year-old girl was brought to the pediatric department with complaints of fever,
abdominal pain, loose stools with blood and not accepting feeds for 2-3 days. There was no history
of vomiting. Grossly the stools were yellowish-green, semisolid, foul-smelling and with a frequency
of 10-12 per day.
On examination, she was irritable, pale, with low-grade fever not associated with chills. The
general condition was poor. Her eyes were dry, and skin pinch retracted slowly, which was suggestive
of severe dehydration. The doctor sent a stool sample of the patient was sent to the microbiology
department for further examination. On aerobic culture and testing with antisera for serotyping, it
was identified as Shigella dysenteriae. On wet mount examination of stool, we find a protozoa
amoeba cyst of Entamoeba coli.
Initially, the patient was admitted and administered an injection of antibiotics and parenteral
rehydration. As a result, the patient's condition improved, and she was finally discharged after five
days of hospitalization.

Introduction :
Microorganisms make up a large part of the planet’s living material and play a significant
role in maintaining the Earth’s ecosystem. The organism is divided into several types,
includes viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasite (protozoa and helminths). Protozoa and bacteria
are microscopic microorganisms, and they also have a specific morphological structure so that
they can be distinguished from one microorganism to another. Many bacteria and protozoa are
generally thought of as pathogens causing disease and infect their hosts by various routes. They
can multiply in humans, contributing to their survival and permitting severe infections to develop
from a single organism.
The bacteria exist in four major shapes: bacillus (rod shape), coccus (spherical shape),
spirilla (spiral shape), and vibrio (curved shape). Most bacteria have a peptidoglycan cell wall.
The difference in their cell wall structure is a major feature used in classifying these organisms.
According to the way their cell wall structure stains, bacteria can be classified as either Gram-
positive or Gram-negative when using the Gram staining. Bacteria can be further divided based on
their response to gaseous oxygen into the following groups: aerobic (living in the presence of
oxygen), anaerobic (living without oxygen), and facultative anaerobes (can live in both
environments).

Describe the pathogenic agent causing the patient's disease ?

References:
1. CDC, 2019. Intestinal (Non Pathogenic) Amoeba.
https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/intestinalamebae/index.html
2. Elizabeth A. Gockel Blessing, 2013. Clinical Parasitology A Practical Approach 2nd edition.
Elsevier
3. Sougata Ghosh, 2018. Panniker Textbook of Medical Parasitology 8thedition.Jaypee Brothers
Medical Publisher
4. Levinson W, 2016. Review of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, 14th Edition. The McGraw-
Hill Companies, Inc., USA.
5. Carroll K.C. et all. 2016. Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology (27th ed.). USA.
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

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