35K 2001 4 9 moO Hi KR AHF RF RK Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education Vol.35. No.5 Sep. ,2001 KARAPHWRAARAR AER (ARENER, Hee KM 430079) Ho R:BAARAAAH ZLGH, MEKLBAHEA HAM, BAO RAAF ES Bh A-BS EK MEAS RAZH. KMTATTE RA BAAR EL PHABS C80 SCARARIRED:A XM: 1000-520X(2001 )05-0111-02 A research on factors influencing winning and losing in sports competitions SHEN Chuan-mao (Wuhan Inst. of P.E. ,Wuan 430079,China) Abstract : Winning and losing are contradictory , while the process of the competition is an expec- tation of either winning or losing. Winning and losing are repulsive and identical , unique and grad- ed, definite and indefinite. Key words: sports competition; winning and losing s factors; characteristics; meaning HOAR + SEES BE: “WO RAR A — TE AQREMF BAER EPR AEE BAO UH, FEF AE ME HB HK BY ER BE BAY. Ask ASTI oy A CEU PEAT BAK OM ERM, WALA EEE. 1 BRARABAAR 1.1 BAARARERHEST AMER HSE, RIKER ATA DAREMA AORN? MNRAS. FE SHEAR RM ETF ILS A AERA RRMA. SAA KMARMA GS IA A ie eH He A? BRREEN ARK , Ft RAM T HERE Fo FRAG ESA AD RIB EE AH OY TE HEAL NEF ERR AS. RRS PES RRS HRA — PR PAA, TATA XT TH PAM EEE. CARRE RELA ARUET, RFRA ART AR EAA BERR I TESS, FA, $e BE (0 A wR AE HH ‘BC FM :2001-07-20 HER AIST AEH (1960-), HAA ILA, #1 AA, BARAT ARASH RRS KA BU), AREY ME MONS — RPL, ADDL. WERK ROR T BML. 1.2 SRT ARON AVERY FE IES ACH AE 9A BRP BY 3E SE 0" REE — A AE SOUR ADL ERE a a RTT BA ASO. EDTA HOSE RE, Hk EAT LIB ESE HM AFL HRS A Be BANK SPURL AE — Ae ALI FEAT EE, A ID BHAT LERKUM GEAR OTE. BM, DE AOULE A ARSEME A AEAN I. SERIE, AHA AA FH, A BH ATR E HER AA LOR. AE fA: BK EAE ESE EA, SRE DERE ACU FEEL FT 8 9 , Jott AR BE SMBH? VA A RAUL LH FRE? DERARE ALARM ASSAF ARF Ds HEHE AE RF RO), TE SATA TY PR EE LT112 RRA FER ER #35 TIRE) FEA ETT ASE TE SEAS BO PR BE ARTA TT. MHA Mh AK ERAS BCEMAAM ASL RAEZ HBR HB. RRERE— A GH WER BF KAS EB MY RAR) NE aH AA, LIE RHFRADEEAARAREARH. LESH REP RMREE ACNE, WER ARF JR LAR FEO Fe Be WB BB A Se A AE FR BUR BBB) RE, TEE A SCE PA BEE BOL, TER Mh. 2 BRAEAWK HR 2.1 BaweR ERETRT REMARKS AERKERA PRAHRMBA, OF WARE R BURSA BAT A RICE RE Sh PE FEARED AR OH. PRT, A ABT BN KERALA EARTH , MAB BS PUNMR) ARF, USHRRBH LAF (EDR I I A eK A SH TIS ERR RF GEARS AEE BA3HKN, Ht, MHRRHRERRREN BEALE, RIRRK A CA HF, WAWTAUD ORF) AH EERO TER HE SOK, EERE P — Ty BA T A MER BS, B=, ARAN > — FAK (BPH ALE GS FHM — Tr A ER BOA GTH. RATE BN A HY IO SS EE TAL BEFOMPE ULE 3 Arab ea), 2.2 BAR FETED 5G A A A SY FEA AA 5 KOK R BBE AOASBE PERE REHEARSE BAGRAAUS. HRERAERA LAI, A-H#EALEN UF ALES, TARE HA, ERAN ARM RR. BRREM ULMER PARRA AR, RARE AAEXL. HARRELL OBE Tee Miah TRELE MER RKARAAT AMA HARES FOE GSE A DB FERALAS RAB ALF — RAS 5 ERE — RS A-BRE RELL, F—AREMB— PB FE” RUA FERED AROS. UES PES A RE FAS Bt OTE HAT, FE EE MEHMET RE. RAMA Fi— eo MEAT I ER UMAR RE SLE (HBAS OM ARSE) , Hs AE BR TE SEER Hy 3 A WBE a HBB OE RBBB 3 BRAK EME PLAT ALVA RE ARE EAT AEA SEAR A , TD Ee HAO ANB PP AE AS Hy RATT A TAS TB, SF HA WATE. ASEM E LOOM Be “RT RAE th FAME AR UE AR Ay SE TA) TBA IR RAAT —- HAH, RRNA RMEM AMR KOR ZMH RIM. KARRRA—- MUS RKAROREA HO L—-HPAM NERA. REMETALS Br HAE (9 A he WE Se 9 AL 7 FP 8 BRAS D RAT OH. HLM RGA) PAF ES BI AUR HE NFR Ao RUB ATE VA HAL Le BEEP AE RAGA RARER — BX. BSAA BOLEARKNKMLE, ERLA. MAKE (SE ES AL SEA BB TB DHEA HUE, DURAN BAB URSE KAT HE Hs FA 1 BE ABA 5 RAG BL AN IEE SRL ARR, HA BRREARMLAD EOS DM, BL RA BHT Pe ER A oh Hh , AEE AR AR, ARR EKER Sexm: (1) £82. O45 [M]. KAA Ro BA, 2000, (2) Wk A WHA ELM). ARORA tk AE, 1990. (3] Se ie tbe a Ace Lae Ma a a #1999. [4] BRS. ib Fo LM), bah H te ACHE, 1982. [5] RAE. “SAH PAM SAT). PATA, 2000, (3).