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ChatGPT in Education: SWOT analysis approach

Conference Paper · September 2023

DOI: 10.1109/ICIT58056.2023.10225801

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2023 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT)

ChatGPT in Education: SWOT analysis approach

Hamzeh Mohammad Alabool
dept. of information technology Saudi
Electronic University
Saudi Electronic University
Abha, Kingdome of Saudi Arabia
h.alabool@seu.edu.sa

Abstract— The evolution of ChatGPT is one of the major
advances in the history of artificial intelligence that could
add value to the education sector. However, if ChatGPT is to
fulfill its potential, there must be a clear understanding of
the various issues involved. There is an urgent need for
understanding issues surrounding ChatGPT especially in the
education sector. This study conducted a SWOT analysis for
ChatGPT strategic management and technology enablement
in the education sector. Based on SWOT analysis results,
various issues that will affect the different stakeholders of
ChatGPT in education are identified. In addition, a set of
recommendations for the practitioners from the education
sector who intend to use this technology are issued. Besides,
different areas of research that need attention in the near
future are outlined.
Keywords—ChatGPT, Artificial Intelligent, SWOT analysis,
Education.
I. INTRODUCTION
ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) is a
new model for conversational AI introduced by OpenAI
[1]. This new AI technology represents an important
change in the field of language modeling. It can generate
more humanlike responses, handle a wider range of
language tasks, finetune for specific language tasks,
transfer learning, and context awareness. ChatGPT is
constructed on the principles of information retrieval
which make it similar to some information retrieval
systems (e.g., search engines, chatbots, robo advisors, and
other knowledge systems) in principle, but it is different in
terms of functionalities. ChatGPT is designed to provide
the end users with in-depth information according to their
requests and needs while search engines are designed to
find and display a broad range of information in response
to user queries. This gives it an advantage over search
engines like Google and Bing which allows users to
communicate and get the specific and in-depth
information they need, while search engines are designed
to find and display a broad range of information in
response to user queries.
Several definitions of ChatGPT from different sources
[1][3-5]are presented. To come up with a unified
definition, we have taken into account the fundamental
benefits of ChatGPT from both a technological and
practical perspective. Our definition of ChatGPT is as
follows:” It is a multi-component (e.g., deep learning
techniques, Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)
architecture and large-scale training data), continuous-
learning AI language model that is served to users over the
Internet to generate human-like text responses to natural
language input."
ChatGPT promise is represented by providing
humanlike conversational abilities and a new level of
convenience and accessibility, powered by cutting-edge AI
technology. The potential applications of ChatGPT are
numerous and varied. For example, it can be used in
customer service to provide live chat or help desk systems
that offer instant, human-like assistance to customers.
Also, ChatGPT can be integrated into e-commerce
websites to provide product recommendations, and into
educational platforms such as online learning management
systems, to provide instant assistance, improve student
engagement, and support their learning performance.
Moreover, ChatGPT can be integrated into healthcare
systems to provide clinical decision support, identify
patterns, and make predictions about potential health
issues.
Although it may be a difficult endeavor, ChatGPT can
be integrated into government systems to serve the
citizens through providing public data. For example,
ChatGPT can be used to address citizens' questions and
concerns. Such service can be provided through live chat
or help desk systems. Besides, It can enhance
cybersecurity by detecting and responding to cyber threats
through analyzing patterns and identifying potential
vulnerabilities. In addition, it can be used to generate
governmental reports. This can be done due to the power
of ChatGPT in analyzing large volumes of data from
various sources. However, the potential uses of ChatGPT
in different domains are many, and as the technology
continues to grow, its potential applications will
undoubtedly expand even further.
Figure 1. ChatGPT’s growth rate
Source: www.similarweb.com
The promises offered by ChatGPT led to great
expectations. ChatGPT achieved the milestone of
becoming the fastest application to reach 100 million
active users in two months only achieving this milestone
in less time than Google+ [3]. Moreover, OpenAI predicts
that ChatGPT will generate $200 million in revenue this
year and reach $1 billion by 2024. This prediction reflects
that as ChatGPT grows the possibility to bring significant
income is high. This is evident by looking at Figure 1
which shows the growth rate of ChatGPT [2].
ChatGPT embodies the convergence of two major
trends in information technology: (a) the application of
natural language processing and deep learning to improve
the efficiency of computing resources and (b) the use of
language-based technologies to drive business agility by
enabling rapid deployment and scalability of intelligent
chatbots, voice assistants, and other interactive
applications.

979-8-3503-2006-0/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE 184

2023 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT)
ChatGPT depends on highly scalable hardware and
software resources to process and generate human
language which ensures its efficiency. Such ability will
affect positively the efficiency of communication between
humans and computers which enables businesses to
streamline customer service and support. in addition, the
underlined technology of ChatGPT also incorporates
green computing principles by allowing the physical
location of computing resources in areas with access to
cheap electricity, while the processing power can be
accessed remotely over the internet.
Efficiency is not the only characteristic of ChatGPT.
Besides that, ChatGPT enables businesses to leverage
computational tools that can be rapidly deployed and
scaled without the need for huge upfront investments. As
the ChatGPT can be a good opportunity for businesses
which offer several services including intelligent chatbots,
voice assistants, and other language-based applications
that respond rapidly to user requirements. Hence,
enhancing business agility and competitiveness.
This study aims to analyze the strategic imperatives of
ChatGPT in the education sector. The analysis is presented
in a SWOT framework so that we understand both the
opportunities and challenges of the fledgling technology.
To do so, this paper is organized as follows: Section 2.
Present related works that used SWOT in different
domains. Section 3. Introduce brief research methodology.
Section 4. Discuss in-depth the strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats of using ChatGPT in education
sectors. While Section 5. Conclude the paper with a set of
recommendations for education institutions and
researchers.
II. RELATED WORK
Several research papers have conducted SWOT
analyses of using AI technologies in different sectors such
as:
1. SWOT analysis of artificial intelligence in
healthcare by Noguerol, et al [6]
2. SWOT analysis for intelligent transportation
system: a review by Parekh et al., [7]
3. SWOT analysis for the use of artificial
intelligence in construction by Oluleye et al., [8]
4. SWOT analysis for implementing AI in
ecommerce by Wu [9]
5. SWOT Analysis for Implementing AI in
Education by Humble & Mozelius [10]
6. SWOT Analysis of Artificial Intelligence
Applications in Supply Chain Management by
Aggarwal & Dinesh [11].
Besides, numerous research studies have been carried
out to perform a SWOT analysis of employing AI
technologies specifically in the education sector such as:
Humble et al., [10] conducted a SWOT analysis to
examine the potential of implementing AI in education.
They identified the strengths of AI in education, such as
AI for step-based teaching and learning and Natural
language processing for learning support. They also
identified the weaknesses of AI in education, including
stupid tutoring systems and biased development and
training. Additionally, they explored the opportunities that
AI presents for education, such as AI to assist teachers, AI
to assist students, and Mass individualization of education.
185
Finally, they discussed the potential threats to AI in
education, including extinction risk fears and lack of
knowledge and privacy.
In [13] Dimitriadou et al., present a SWOT analysis of
AI in the classroom. The authors identify AI's strengths in
enabling continuous environment monitoring through
sensors that result in an optimized learning environment,
enhanced interactivity, including immersive experiences,
adaptability to individual needs of students, and
onsight/remote/mixed class delivery. The weaknesses of
AI in educational classrooms include no integrated smart
class technology offered, equipment cost, the need for
student/teacher expertise in using emerging technologies,
the need for large amounts of data to train systems, and
separation and disengagement from the learning process.
That results in isolated students. The opportunities for AI
in education include: the availability of state-of-the-art
equipment at more accessible cost (i.e. interactive screens,
cameras, microphones, VR and AR headsets, and glasses),
External factors, like the COVID-19 pandemic, dictate the
use of technology in teaching as a means of supporting
remote teaching, the trend towards online virtual
environments in line with smart-class technologies, the
latest development in AI that results in accurate
algorithms, in the form of deep learning. Availability of
‘public’ ML tools (i.e. lobe.ai, which allows not trained
individuals to set up and use ML models). While the
threats include Privacy issues, ethics, and GDBR
regulations, inadequacy to adapt to new forms of
technology, and refusal to accept new technologies as a
new norm, cheating-based AI tools. The study suggests
that AI has the potential to revolutionize education but
must be implemented with care and consideration for its
potential impacts.
Ali et al., [14] conduct a SWOT analysis of AI in
university libraries to evaluate its potential impact on
education. The authors identify several strengths of AI in
education, including intellectual information and
knowledge, hub innovative library services, research
support, and data-driven knowledge mental effort
reduction. They also highlight weaknesses such as funding
for libraries, ethical issues, bias, privacy, and lack of
expertise. The paper suggests that opportunities for AI in
education include learning opportunities, multi-tasking,
job skills improvement, digital content &
knowledge/information discovery, and user-centricity.
While the threats include job security, loss of library
space, infrastructure, learning attitude.
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Data sources and collection methods
To achieve the objectives of this study two research
approaches namely, systematic literature review and
interview were applied. First, a systematic literature
review was conducted to answer the research question
"What are the main applications of ChatGPT" and "What
is the main advantages and disadvantages of using
ChatGPT?". Therefore, several Academic journals,
conference proceedings, books, and online repositories
such as arXiv, preprint servers, and blogs were accessed to
download relevant research papers. The collected data
were critically analyzed and synthesized to provide a
comprehensive SWOT analysis of using ChatGPT in the
education sector. Second, to avoid any potential bias in
our analysis and recommendation, we gathered insights
from a diverse group of individuals. This included nine
2023 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT)
experts in the field of AI who had an average of five years
of experience. In addition, we conducted in-depth
interviews with several industry executives to gain both
AI provider and user perspectives.
B. SWOT analysis framework and its application to
ChatGPT
Typically, SWOT analysis is employed to support
decisions in the initial stage of the decision-making
process. It is used to sustain decisions by revealing
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of any
domain. SWOT analysis provides a structured framework
to assess ChatGPT from different perspectives including
(1) its technical capabilities, (2) educational sector
acceptance to use, (3) and stockholders' readiness. In this
study, a SWOT analysis was utilized to specify the
internal and external aspects that influence the success of
ChatGPT in education sector, including the strengths and
weaknesses of the technology, the opportunities, and
threats in the education sector. As shown in Figure 2, in
order to illustrate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities,
and threats associated with ChatGPT the SWOT analysis
will be presented using a 2x2 matrix. The analysis will be
based on the data collected through the literature review,
and the results will be presented in a clear and concise
format. The findings will be used to draw conclusions
about the potential of ChatGPT and its future prospects in
the education sector.
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Figure 2. shows the summary factors of each strength,
weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of using ChatGPT
in education sectors.
A. Strengths:
• Personalization: The concept of personalization is not
a recent one and has been in existence for quite a
while, for a minimum of 40 years. Keef [14]
discussed that the concept of personalization can have
multiple interpretations, which are influenced by the
perspective and experience of the observer. For
example, it can be defined as individualization, to
some, interpret it as having a personal approach
towards students or creating a supportive
environment within the school or classroom. While
for others, personalization refers to the endeavor of
empowering students on a personal, psychological,
and instructional level. However, ChatGPT offers
exhaustive support for individualized learning for
both lecturers and students. Particularly, it offers
customized materials to lecturers based on their area
of specialization and teaching style, such as
recommending relevant textbooks, videos, and
teaching materials that align with their teaching
philosophy. ChatGPT also helps lecturers in
developing personalized lesson plans and
assignments based on student's learning needs and
interests, recommending course-relevant activities
and projects to help students achieve their goals.
Furthermore, ChatGPT can be used to analyze
students’ performance data, identifies patterns, and
trends, and provides actionable recommendations to
lecturers to improve their teaching strategies. For
students, ChatGPT assist students learn at their own
pace which offers personalized feedback on their
assignments, quizzes, and tests, highlighting areas for
186
improvement and suggesting targeted resources to
help them address these areas.
SWOT Analysis
Strength Weaknesses
• Personalization • Dependence on
• Accessibility technology
• Cost-effectiveness • Lack of human interaction
• Feedback • Ethical issues
Opportunities Threats
• Improved accessibility • Resistance to change
• Improved learning outcomes • Potential job displacement
• Enhanced collaboration • Data privacy concerns
• Innovation • Quality concerns
Figure 2: ChatGPT in Education SWOT analysis.\
• Accessibility: ChatGPT is a highly available
technology accessed from any device with an internet
connection. Such advantages support self-paced
learning and make learning convenient. ChatGPT can
offer students a range of learning resources that cater
to their personal needs such as (audio recordings,
textto-speech functionality, and alternative formats).
In addition, for students with disabilities, ChatGPT
can be merged with educational tools and
technologies that enable them to participate fully in
class, including assistive technologies for hearing and
visual impairments. ChatGPT assists students in
accessing academic support services such as tutoring
or disability services, suggesting services that match
their learning preferences and needs. ChatGPT also
supports lecturers in making their courses more
accessible to students with disabilities by guiding and
creating accessible course materials such as
documents and presentations, videos, and audio
recordings. It enables the design of course content
and activities that are inclusive of all students and
proposes ways to make lectures interactive and
entertaining for students with diverse learning needs.
• Cost-effectiveness: Providing additional educational
support at the lowest cost is a goal pursued by many
educational institutions. ChatGPT can support this
aspiration to achieve the best level of education at the
lowest costs. ChatGPT is a reasonable solution for
delivering valuable insights that can assist
educational institutions in making more
knowledgeable decisions about resource distribution
and education program design. In addition, ChatGPT
can be used to determine elements that possibly
impact student learning performance and outcomes
using predictive analytics. ChatGPT can use that
predictive analysis results to assist educational
institutions in developing targeted interventions and
resources that most likely have significant impact on
student achievements. Furthermore, ChatGPT can be
adopted through APIs to evaluate the effectiveness of
educational programs and interventions, determining
their cost-effectiveness by analyzing data on student
outcomes and the resources required for their
implementation.
• Feedback: ChatGPT can be a powerful tool for
immediate feedback. Such strength is useful in
identifying and correcting mistakes quickly and
2023 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT)
hence, leads to a better understanding of the subject.
ChatGPT can be integrated with numerous teaching
interfaces that offer students (1) personalized
feedback on their learning progress (2)
recommendations based on their learning style and
performance and (3) provide instant feedback on
which area that they may need further improvements.
While teachers can use it to mark tests, assignments,
quizzes, and other forms of students' work in real
time. Moreover, ChatGPT provides teachers with
recommendations on how to engage and support their
students, which leads to better-informed instructional
decisions and direct support for struggling students.
• Integration: ChatGPT can be integrated with a several
learning technologies. For instance, ChatGPT can be
integrated with learning management systems (LMS),
online course platforms and educational applications.
This integration can be done by using appropriate
APIs which will allow ChatGPT to interact with other
software and systems making it easier for both
students and lecturers to access and work with data in
a more intuitive way. However, integrating ChatGPT
with learning technologies is useful as it can provide
several benefits such as (1) personalized support and
feedback to students, (2) answer questions, (3)
suggest resources, and (4) generate quizzes or
practice exercises. For example, integrating ChatGPT
with an LMS can be useful to provide students with
instant feedback on their assignments, suggest
additional resources based on their learning needs,
improve the learning experience, and provide more
tailored support to students.
B. Weaknesses:
Several issues need to be resolved before ChatGPT can
be accepted as a viable solution in education sector. For
example:
• Dependence on technology: One of the defects of
using ChatGPT in education is the reliance on
technology. Excessive or inappropriate use of
ChatGPT will negatively affect the entire educational
process. Heavy use of ChatGPT by students could
reduce their focus on different aspects of learning
(e.g., problem-solving, critical thinking, and
interpersonal skills). Students who rely on technology
to solve problems will definitely struggle to function
effectively in the real world. Additionally, if technical
issues arise with ChatGPT (e.g., bugs or connectivity
problems), it could disrupt the learning process and
create frustration and inefficiencies. Although
ChatGPT can provide personalized feedback and
assistance, it may not provide the same level of
interaction and support that a human teacher or peer
could. This could limit the development of social
skills and interpersonal relationships among students.
Moreover, ChatGPT increases the gap between
students who have access to technology and who do
not, which could affect their ability to succeed
academically.
• Lack of human interaction: Human interaction plays a
critical role in the education sector. The heavy use of
ChatGPT will lead to a lack of human interaction. In
fact, ChatGPT does not provide the same level of
human interaction as traditional teaching methods,
which may impact student engagement and
motivation. Interpersonal relationships between
students and teachers are highly recommended as
187
they contribute to a supportive and encouraging
learning environment. For example, teachers can
personalize their teaching strategies to meet
individual student's needs, provide feedback, and
engage students in class discussions. Besides,
interaction among students can improve collaboration
and socialization which is essential in developing
students’ social skills. Therefore, even ChatGPT
could be considered as an excellent tool for learning
but cannot fully replace human interaction in the
education sector. Hence, decision-makers need to
ensure a balance between the use of ChatGPT and the
importance of human interaction. This can be done by
using a blended learning approach that aims to use
ChatGPT as a supplement to traditional teaching
methods can be an effective way to provide students
with the best of both methods.
• Ethical issues: Learning integrity is negatively
affected if the ChatGPT was used to facilitate
academic dishonesty or any other forms of unethical
behavior (e.g., plagiarism, cheating, harassment, and
falsification of data). In detail, students can use
ChatGPT to generate essays and research papers and
then submitted as original work done by them. This
lead to undermining the learning process integrity by
encouraging plagiarism. Also, students can use
ChatGPT to cheat on tests or quizzes. This could lead
to a culture of cheating and undermine the value of
academic achievement. Besides, ChatGPT could be
used to manipulate or misuse data to achieve
satisfactory results in scientific research which
undermine the integrity of research.
C. Opportunities:
The analysis results revealed several opportunities of
using ChatGPT in education sector which represented as
the following:
• Improved accessibility: As long as students have
access to the internet, ChatGPT can be available to
them 24/7 a week. This accessibility allows students
especially those who are unable to attend traditional
classes due to location and cost constraints to get
learning anytime and anywhere. Such an advantage
will allow students to get answers to their questions at
any time. Furthermore, it can help students overcome
hurdles in their learning quickly and efficiently.
• Improved learning outcomes: ChatGPT can be used
to improve student learning performance as it can
provide students with (1) real-time feedback (2)
personalized learning experiences (3) explore many
study topics in depth (4) examination of many study
topics in a broad and varied manner, and (5) provide
an enjoyable learning style. Also, ChatGPT is
developed to support multiple languages which
makes it a strong education tool for students who may
not speak the same language as their teachers.
ChatGPT can be used to free teachers' time to focus
on more high-value tasks. This can be done by
allowing ChatGPT to do some routine tasks on behalf
of the teacher such as (1) grading students'
assignments and pointing out the mistakes and gaps
that students need more focus (2) answering
frequently asked questions.
• Enhanced collaboration: The qualitative analysis
results shown that ChatGPT can facilitate
collaboration between students themselves as well as
between students and teachers. It can support students
2023 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT)
in developing their skills in critical thinking by
learning from their peers by automating peer review
of students' works and allowing students to give each
other feedback on their projects. Furthermore,
ChatGPT can be used to connect students with
experts, consultants, advisors, and industry
professionals in their field of study which helps them
learn from realworld examples and develop their
skills. In this study, the experts highlighted that
ChatGPT can be used to connect students from
different institutions where such advantage provide
opportunities for cross-cultural learning and
collaboration.
• Innovation: There is a consensus among experts that
the use of ChatGPT in the education sector can drive
innovation in teaching and learning methods. They
mentioned that this can done through allow education
institutions to create new, more effective ways of
delivering education. For instance, ChatGPT can
provide learners with challenging questions and
problems to solve, encouraging them to think
creatively and critically. It can help students generate
creative ideas in various fields and ensure their
applicability. Students can use it to improve on some
old ideas and transform them distinctively and
beautifully into modern ideas.
D. Threats:
As for the threats, the summary of what concerned experts
was that they believe that although many forward-looking
educators and education institutions will see ChatGPT as
an opportunity to adopt better teaching practices that open
up exciting opportunities for students, there will probably
be some educators who view it as a threat to their current
teaching practices or culture (in terms of traditional
teaching methods, teacher-student interactions, etc.) or
just in terms of concerns around data security and privacy
policies. Those threats were as follows:
• Resistance to change: The analysis results revealed
that the adoption of ChatGPT in the education sector
may be limited due to resistance towards new
technology and teaching methods. Educators and
students, who are accustomed to traditional learning
methods, may exhibit reluctance in using ChatGPT as
a learning tool. They may also be apprehensive about
the possibility of technology taking over human
interaction and personal connections that are vital in
classroom environments.
• Potential job displacement: This threat is one of the
most prominent threats revealed by this study. Many
experts expressed that the adoption of ChatGPT in the
education sector may lead to the replace some
traditional educational roles. The use of ChatGPT in
the education sector may reduce the need for humans.
For example, ChatGPT can be used instead of
curriculum designers and instructional designers. This
is because that ChatGPT can create educational
materials, such as lesson plans and course materials.
Furthermore, it can replace the teachers and use it as
an online tutoring tool and replace the advisor and
use it as an online learning advisor. This may
decrease the demand for human tutors and advisors.
• Data privacy concerns: The experts mentioned that
ChatGPT raises concerns about data privacy in
several ways. Firstly, as ChatGPT is an AI-powered
tool, this will require access to a significant amount
of data to operate effectively. Such data including
188
personal information (e.g., student names, age,
learning preferences, etc...) will raise some privacy
questions about how this data is stored, used, and
who has access to it. Secondly, integrating ChatGPT
with other educational software and systems will
potentially lead to sharing of students' data across
multiple platforms. Concerns about the security of
students' data and the potential for data breaches and
cyber-attacks will raise. Lastly, the use of ChatGPT in
the education sector could lead to the collection of
additional data (e.g., student conversations with the
AI-powered tool). This data may be used to develop
more advanced machine learning algorithms, in
which data privacy and the ethical use of students'
data are critical issues.
• Quality concerns: ChatGPT response accuracy is the
major concern regards the quality. Providing accurate
or complete answers to complex questions is still one
of the main limitations of ChatGPT. Besides, the
question may be asked in the wrong way by the
students, which leads to a misunderstanding of the
question by ChatGPT which will lead to generate a
wrong response. This will create a conflict between
the accuracy of ChatGPT's responses and the quality
of its teaching may not always meet the high
standards set by traditional teaching methods. The use
of ChatGPT may resulting in a lower quality of
learning experience. This may happen because
ChatGPT may not be able to provide the same level
of engagement and personalized attention that a
human teacher can offer. ChatGPT has a limited
ability to deal with some specific individual student
needs and learning styles which could impact its
effectiveness as a teaching tool. Thus, teachers may
be reluctant to use ChatGPT as a teaching tool and
prefer traditional teaching methods that are more
suited to their students’ needs.
The SWOT analysis results revealed several strengths
and opportunities of ChatGPT for the education sector. In
the strength category, the Analysis result shows that
Personalization is a key strength. It supports
individualized learning by providing customized
materials, personalized lesson plans, and targeted
feedback to both teachers and students. Accessibility is the
second strength offered by ChatGPT which enables self-
paced learning and improves access to educational
resources for students, including those with disabilities.
Next, Cost-effectiveness is another advantage of using
ChatGPT in the education sector. It can provide valuable
insights and predictive analytics to assist educational
institutions in making informed decisions and developing
targeted interventions. Feedback is also valuable, aiding in
mistake identification and a better understanding of
subjects. ChatGPT Integration with learning technologies
allows for a seamless experience and benefits such as
personalized support, resource recommendations, and
automated grading.
However, the analysis result shows that ChatGPT like
any other technology has weaknesses and threats to be
considered. Dependence on technology is one of the major
weaknesses of ChatGPT that may hinder students' focus
and limit human interaction, impacting the development
of social skills. Ethical issues arise, including the potential
for academic dishonesty and data manipulation.
Resistance to change, potential job displacement, data
privacy concerns, and quality issues are also threats to
2023 International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT)
consider. Despite these challenges, ChatGPT can still
contribute to improved accessibility, learning outcomes,
collaboration, and innovation in the education sector if
implemented thoughtfully.
V. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EDUCATION
INSTITUTIONSAND RESEARCHERS
The discussion in the preceding sections highlights the
fact that there are still numerous challenges that need to be
overcome before ChatGPT can be considered robust
enough for use in the education sector. Therefore, this
study concludes with a set of recommendations for two
key audiences within the context of using ChatGPT in the
education sector: education institutions who will be
adopting this technology in their practices, and researchers
who will be studying and developing it further. Our
recommendations for education institutions are broad and
adaptable, given the evolving nature of the technology.
For researchers, our suggestions are more concrete, as the
underlying forces that drive the potential of ChatGPT in
education are more clearly defined.
A. Recommendations for educational institutions
• Opening a new AI department and build agile and
collaborative teams of data scientists and domain
experts who will be responsible for managing
ChatGPT, and what training or support will be
provided to users.
• Ensure that the education institution has the necessary
infrastructure to support the use of ChatGPT.
• Determine which platforms and applications will be
used to integrate ChatGPT with other systems in the
institution, and ensure that they are compatible with
the API and other technical requirements of ChatGPT.
• Development of standards (security, quality).
Develop Guidelines and protocols for handling and
storing sensitive data.
• Establish clear guidelines and policies for the use of
ChatGPT in the classroom and communicate these
guidelines to all stakeholders to ensure its proper use.
B. Recommendations for Researchers
Our discussion suggests several potential streams of
research for IS researchers. We purposefully do not
concentrate on the core technological issues in ChatGPT,
since that is outside the purview of research. The broad
research agenda in ChatGPT can be divided into six
categories: (1) ChatGPT economics; (3) ChatGPT and IT
strategy/policy issues (including security); (4) ChatGPT
adoption and implementation issues; (5) ChatGPT and
green IT; and (6) Regulatory issues. Here is a list of the
research agenda:
• ChatGPT service pricing strategy and SLA contract
design international regulation and policy and optimal
risk transfer.
• Education institutions culture impact and intention to
use ChatGPT.
• The design of IT auditing policies, forensics, and
evidence gathering methods.
• Security and privacy standards and issues to protect
sensitive data. Implementing best practices for data
privacy and protection.
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• Developing quality standards is essential to ensure
that the ChatGPT system is effective and provides
accurate and relevant responses.
• The design of an optimal set of rules to decide the
types of learning applications that should integrated
with ChatGPT.
• Developing a methodology to assess risk from
integrating ChatGPT.
• Evaluating the impact of ChatGPT integration on
student outcomes.
• User-friendly interface that is easy to use and
navigate, especially for students who may not be
familiar with complex technology.
• Researchers need to focus on APIs as ChatGPT can
be integrated with other systems through APIs to
communicate and exchange data.
• Developing integration platforms that could be used
to manage the communication between ChatGPT and
the other learning management systems.
VI. REFERENCES
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