Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word

given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word
given. There is an example at the beginning.
Example: You must do exactly what the manager tells you. carry
 You must carry out the manager’s instructions exactly.
EX 1
1) You might lose your passport, so make a note of the number. case
Make a note of your passport _________________________________________ it.
2) I started work here six years ago, and I'm still here. have
I _________________________________________ six years.
3) I can't remember a time when I wasn't friends with Rosie. as
I've been friends with Rosie for _________________________________________ can remember.
4) They don't know yet how many extras they will need in the film. worked
They _________________________________________ yet how many extras they will need in the
film.
5) Which part of the climb frightened you more than the rest? most
Which _________________________________________ part of the climb for you?
6) I prefer skiing to doing any other sport. rather
I'd _________________________________________ any other sport.
7) Maria hadn’t finished working by ten o’clock. still
Maria _________________________________________ ten o’clock.
8) There weren’t many people at the concert. only
There _________________________________________ people at the concert.
9) ‘Will you lend me the car, Dad?’ asked Jules. borrow
Jules asked his father _________________________________________ the car.
10) They said they found his attitude very upsetting. been
They said they _________________________________________ his attitude.

EX 2
1) A car becomes less economical when you drive fast. faster
The ________________________________________ economical a car becomes.
2) The bus would have left without him if he hadn't run so fast. missed
He ______________________________________________ the bus if he hadn't run so fast.
3) It was almost impossible to see the road in the fog. hardly
We __________________________________________________ the road in the fog.
4) The newest house in this area was built five years ago. new
They ___________________________________________ house in this area for five years.
5) The paint on the bedroom walls is still wet, so be careful. dried
The paint on the bedroom wall ________________________________________, so be careful.
6) I think you ought to tell your mum that you've broken her printer. had
You ___________________________________________ that you've broken her printer.
7) Dad prefers to stay at home this evening and not go to the cinema. rather
Dad _________________________________________ this evening than go to the cinema.
8) Did the technician repair your computer for you? have
Did _______________________________________________by the technician?
9) Unfortunately, both Alison and Diane were missing from class yesterday. nor
Unfortunately, __________________________________________ was at class yesterday.
10) It’s not possible that Richard did this project on his own. have
Richard ____________________________________________________ this project on his own.
11) He started work as a stunt person three years ago. working
He _________________________________________________ a stunt person for three years.
12) Everybody who rides a bike should wear a helmet. worn
A helmet _____ ________________________________________ everybody who rides a bike.
EX 3

1) Last summer, Julia got up early every morning. TO

Last summer, Julia ________________________________________ early every morning.
2) I thought the book seemed familiar. HAD
I thought ________________________________________ the book before.
3) How long have Helen and Robert been married? GET
When ________________________________________ married?
4) Jack bought those trousers last month, and has been wearing them ever since. FOR
Jack has ________________________________________ a month.
5) It's a long time since our last conversation. SPOKEN
We ________________________________________ long time.
6) There aren't any sandwiches left, I'm afraid. ALL
I'm afraid ________________________________________ eaten.
7) I thought that Martin's last novel was more interesting. LATEST
Martin's ________________________________________ interesting as his last one.
8) I phoned Norman last of all. PERSON
Norman ________________________________________ phoned.

REVIEW OF IRREGULAR COMPARATIVES:

far  farther - the farthest [distance]
far  further - the furthest [distance + additional / extra: Further testing will be necessary]
old  older - the oldest
old  elder [than]- the eldest [figli-fratelli-sorelle: My elder son… / John is the eldest brother.]
late later - the latest [the most recent: The latest news was broadcast 5 minutes ago]
the last [the final one: The last news report is at 11.30.]
near  nearer - the nearest [distance: The nearest hotel is…]
the next [time / sequence: The next train is at…]
the former = il primo (tra due) / the latter = il secondo (tra due)

9) This is the best party I've ever been to. A

I've ________________________________________ good party as this.
10) This meal cost less than I had thought. WOULD
I thought ________________________________________ than it did.

EX 4

1) Jack left the office before I arrived there. already

When I arrived at the office _____________________________________________ left.
2) Do you know how to drive this kind of car? ever
Have _____________________________________________ this kind of car before?
3) This is my first visit to Scotland. I
This is the first time _____________________________________________ Scotland.

It’s the first /second… time + present perfect: see pag. 52 in Omnibus Reference Grammar.

4) During dinner, the phone rang. I

While _____________________________________________ phone rang.
5) Do you have any plans for Saturday evening? doing
What _____________________________________________ Saturday evening?
6) I started this job five years ago. been
I have _____________________________________________ five years.
7) Is this car yours? you
Do _____________________________________________ car?
8) Look at those black clouds! There's rain on the way! to
Look at those black clouds! It's_____________________________________________ rain.
9) Our twenty-fifth wedding anniversary is at the end of next year. for
By the end of next year we _____________________________________________ twenty five years.
10) I haven't been to the cinema for two months. time
The _____________________________________________ the cinema was two months ago.

EX 5

1) It would be nice to be able to fly a plane. could

I wish I _____________________________________________ a plane.

WISH (pag. 99 in Omnibus Reference Grammar)

1) desiderio irrealizzabile che riguarda il PRESENTE  wish [if only] + sogg. + simple past / past
continuous
I wish I was / were (rather formal) very rich.|| 1 wish you had whatever you like. || They wish they
could come.
The children wish it wasn't raining so they could play in the garden
Cfr: in the past: `She wished she lived in Tuscany' / `She wishes she lived in Tuscany'.

2) desiderio irrealizzabile che riguarda il PASSATO [con rimpianto o rimorso]  sogg: + wish +
sogg. + past perfect
I wish I had been there. || They wish they could have helped you.

3) desiderio [realizzabile] che una situazione che crea irritazione o disappunto cambi  sogg + wish +
sogg. + would + FORMA BASE
I wish you would lay the table for dinner at least. || I wish the snow would stop.

● You can also use a `to'-infinitive after wish. If you wish to do something, you want to do it.
They are in love and wish to marry. || We do not wish to waste our money.
However, this is a formal use. The word you normally use is want.

● WARNING: You do not use wish to express a wish for the future. You do not say, for example, `I
wish you'll have a nice time in Finland'. You say `I hope you'll have a nice time in Finland' or `I hope
you have a nice time in Finland'.

● However, you can sometimes express a wish for the future using wish as a transitive verb with two
objects. We wish you a Happy NewYear.

2) Please don't eat in the classroom. you

I'd rather _____________________________________________ classroom.
3) I think we should leave now. we
I think it's _____________________________________________ left.

Omnibus Reference Grammar pag. 77:

It’s (about / high) time + simple past: si sottolinea che c’è stato ritardo nel compiere l’azione.
Se non si sottolinea il ritardo si usa l’infinito: It’s time (for us) to go.
4) What a pity we ate all the food. only
If _____________________________________________ all the food!
5) It's a shame we don't have a video. wish
I _____________________________________________ a video.
6) Don't shout all the time, it's so annoying! wouldn't
I _____________________________________________ shout all the time!
7) I don't want you to buy me a present. sooner
I'd _____________________________________________ buy me a present.

would sooner = would rather (+ sogg. + simple past / forma base del verbo): preferirei (Omnibus Ref.
Grammar pag. 84)

8) I don't like being so tall. wish

I _____________________________________________ so tall.
9) We ought to start work now. started
It's _____________________________________________ work.
10) I regret not going to university. had
I _____________________________________________ to university.

EX 6

1) Last Thursday we appointed a new marketing manager. was

A new ____________________________________________ last Thursday.
2) Smith Ltd are supplying our company with furniture. supplied
Our company ____________________________________________ by Smith Ltd.
3) William the Conqueror built the castle in the 11th century. by
The castle ________________________________________William the Conqueror in the 11th century.
4) No decision has yet been made. decided
Nothing ____________________________________________ yet.
5) People believe that someone murdered Jenkins. was
It ____________________________________________ murdered.
6) Your hair needs cutting. get
You ought ____________________________________________ cut.
7) The police were following the suspects. were
The suspects ____________________________________________ police.
8) No-one has seen Peter since the day of the party. been
Peter ____________________________________________ the day of the party.
9) We put up a notice about the trip on the notice board yesterday. was
A notice ____________________________________________ up on the notice board yesterday.
10) People think that an apple a day is good for you. to
An apple a day ____________________________________________ for you.

EX 7

1) Please don't open the window. you

I'd ____________________________________________ open the window.
2) Fiona wanted to know the time. what
Fiona wanted to know ____________________________________________ was.
3) We won't go out if the weather is bad. won't
We ____________________________________________ the weather is good.
4) I would like you to be here! wish
I ____________________________________________ here.
5) Catherine refused to let me go. couldn't
Catherine ____________________________________________ go.
6) If I were you I’d try to get some sleep. advise
I ____________________________________________ to get some sleep.
(see pgs 141-144 Omnibus Ref. Gram.)
7) What a pity we didn't see the match. wish
I ____________________________________________ the match.
8) The old man introduced himself. us
The old man ____________________________________________ name.
9) David told me the time of the next train.. what
David told ____________________________________________ train left.
10) The police inspector said I had killed Mrs Burns. of
The police inspector ____________________________________________ killing Mrs Burns.

EX 8

1) Excuse me, is somebody serving you, sir? being

Excuse me, ____________________________________________, sir?
2) I think we should go home now. went
It's ____________________________________________ home.
3) The painters painted our house last month. had
We ____________________________________________ last month.
d) It's a pity that Charles is always complaining. wouldn't
I ____________________________________________ so much.
5) Someone will meet you at the airport. be
You ____________________________________________ at the airport.
6) People think that train-robber Dave Briggs has escaped. have
Train-robber Dave Briggs ____________________________________________ escaped.
7) 'Don't forget to buy some bread, Mum,' said Pauline. reminded
Pauline ____________________________________________ buy some bread.
8) Have you received your salary yet? been
Have ____________________________________________ yet?
9) I think I'll manage to finish the letters by 4.00. get
I think I'll ____________________________________________ by 4.00.
10) My parents made me study every night. was
I ____________________________________________ every night by my parents.

EX 9

1) Sue went shopping so she could buy herself a new television. to

Sue ____________________________________________ a new television.
2 ) You use this to open wine bottles. for
This ____________________________________________ wine bottles.

INFINITO DI SCOPO
What’s it used for?
A) To measure blood pressure. (scopo dell’AZIONE)
B) For measuring blood pressure. (funzione abituale dell’OGGETTO)
Cfr. Can I use this glass to put these primroses?

3) I put the food in the fridge because I wanted it to get cold. would
I put the food in the fridge ____________________________________________ cold.
(See pgs 276-277 Omnibus Ref. Gram.)
4) Harry left early because he didn't want to miss the bus. as
Harry ____________________________________________ to miss the bus.
5) I saved up some money to buy a motorbike. could
I saved up some money ____________________________________________ a motorbike.
6) Jane gave up smoking because she wanted to save money. order
Jane gave up smoking ____________________________________________ money.
7) I came here so that I could see you. to
I ____________________________________________ you.
8) Use this money to buy the tickets. buying
This ____________________________________________ tickets.
9) I picked up the vase carefully, so as not to break it. that
I picked up the vase carefully ____________________________________________ break.
10) We put up a fence to prevent the rabbit escaping. couldn't
We put up a fence ____________________________________________ escape.

EX 10

1) Sam lost his job because he was lazy. that

Sam was ____________________________________________ lost his job.
2) I couldn't buy the house because it was expensive. too
The house was ____________________________________________ buy.
(See Omn. Ref. Gram. P. 232)
3) The book was so interesting that I couldn't put it down. such
It was ____________________________________________ I couldn’t put it down.
4) There was too much noise, so we couldn't hear the speech. so
There was ____________________________________________ couldn’t hear the speech.
5) The house was too small to live in comfortably. enough
The house wasn't ____________________________________________ comfortably.
6) William never makes mistakes because he is a careful reader. so
William ____________________________________________ never makes mistakes when he reads.
7) We can't eat now because there isn't enough time. for
There ____________________________________________ us to eat now..
8) I can't come to your party because I'm too busy. to
I ____________________________________________ to your party.
9) The class was cancelled because there weren't enough students. were
There ____________________________________________ the class was cancelled .
10) It's such a lovely day today that I feel like taking a walk. a
It's so ____________________________________________ I feel like taking a walk.
(see pgs 76 and 278 Omn. Ref. Gram.; note: formal use of SO + ADJ. + (A/AN) + NOUN: Helen is so
busy a person (that) she never feels bored.)

EX 11

1) If you try harder, you will get better at dancing. HARDER

The _________________________________________ you will get at dancing
2) I always trust Carla’s advice. SOMEBODY
Carla _________________________________________ advice I always trust.
3) It’s a pity we didn’t do more sport when I was at school. COULD
I wish that _________________________________________ more sport when I was at school.
4) I think Professor Jones started teaching here 100 years ago! BEEN
I think Professor Jones _________________________________________ 100 years!
5) Please don't copy my answers! RATHER
I _________________________________________ copy my answers!
6) You'd better start revising for the exam! TIME
It's _________________________________________ revising for the exam.
7) I imagine you were extremely happy to be chosen team leader. MUST
You _________________________________________ extremely happy to be chosen team leader.
8) You'll find me waiting outside the station. BE
I _________________________________________ the station.
9) Maria is pregnant again. HAVE
Maria _________________________________________ baby.
10) John wasn’t sure whether he could come to the party. MIGHT
John thought he _________________________________________ come to the party.

EX 12

1. The wind was so strong that we could not stand against it. SUCH
It was _______________________________________ that we could not stand against it.
2. We got lost coming home from the leisure centre. WAY
We couldn’t _______________________________________ from the leisure centre.
3. I tried as hard as I could to keep my promise to them. BEST
I _______________________________________ break my promise to them.
4. Mary didn’t find it difficult to pass her driving test. DIFFICULTY
Mary had _______________________________________ her driving test.
5. He described the hotel to us in detail. DETAILED
He _______________________________________ of the hotel.
6. Nina’s parents said she wasn’t to use their new camera. LET
Nina’s parents _______________________________________ use their new camera.
7. A newly-qualified dentist took out Mr Dupont’s tooth. HAD
Mr Dupont _______________________________________ by a newly-qualified dentist.
8. Antonio only lost the 100-metre race because he fell. NOT
If Antonio had _______________________________________ won the 100-metre race.
9. I have too much work to do so I can't go out with you tonight. ONLY
If _______________________________________ so much work, I could go out with you tonight.
10. Daria needs to get a scholarship in order to go to that college. IF
Daria could go to that college _______________________________________ a scholarship.

EX 13

1. I don't like living so far from school. closer

I wish __________________________________________ school.
2. I regret not buying that book you recommended. only
If __________________________________________ that book you recommended.
3. Maybe my dream will come true and I'll go to Cambridge! if
What __________________________________________ true and I went to Cambridge!
4. It was thanks to my doctor that I made such a quick recovery. would
If it hadn't been __________________________________________ not have recovered so quickly.
5. Thank goodness you knew first aid; he nearly died! known
If you __________________________________________ he might have died.
6. You were ill because you ate so much! have
You would __________________________________________ you hadn't eaten so much!
7. I didn't realise how important it was; otherwise I would have taken the tablets. realised
I would have taken the tablets, __________________________________________ so important.
8. You should speak to him - he'll listen to you. to
Were __________________________________________ he would listen.
9. I can't play football with you because I have this awful cold. able
If I didn't have this awful cold, __________________________________________ to play football
with you.
10. It's possible that you would have avoided the illness if you had stayed at home. might
You __________________________________________ ill if you had stayed at home.

EX 14

1. I had to go to the doctor because my symptoms were very worrying. had

I __________________________________________ to go to the doctor if my symptoms hadn't been so worrying.
2. 'I'm not sure I'll be able to contact you next week.' said Paul. not
Paul said he __________________________________________ be able to contact me the following week.
3. Martin's text message read: 'Sorry. Couldn't find the house'. had
Martin sent a text message to say that he __________________________________________ find the house.
4. 'There has been an explosion,' the newsreader said. that
The newsreader __________________________________________ an explosion.
5. 'Three years ago I was in the same hotel,' Kevin told me. before
Kevin told me that three __________________________________________ in the same hotel.
6. 'Do you know who wrote the original story?' he asked. had
He asked me if __________________________________________ the original story.
7. The message on his answering machine said: 'I am not free right now - please leave your name and number'. moment
His answering machine message said he was not __________________________________________ but I could
leave my name and number.
8. 'I'll contact you tomorrow,' he said. following
He said he __________________________________________ day.
9. 'You must hang up the phone immediately!' she said. to
She said __________________________________________ hang up the phone immediately.
10. It's not possible that James signed up for the bungee jumping event! have
James __________________________________________ up for the bungee jumping event!

EX 15

11. Perhaps Nick has forgotten that practice was cancelled. might
Nick __________________________________________ that practice was cancelled.
12. I don't think Gloria was very happy after she lost the match. could
Gloria __________________________________________ very happy after she lost the match.
13. It's possible that Sarah is running a marathon right now! may
Sarah __________________________________________ a marathon right now!
14. It is possible that Rolf came last, but I really can't remember! come
Rolf __________________________________________ but I really can't remember!
15. I imagine you're getting a little nervous. be
You __________________________________________ a little nervous.
16. You won't have problems finding the gym as it's the only big building in the area. miss
You __________________________________________ the gym as it's the only big building in the area.
17. Paris is a nice city but it's so expensive. such
Paris is nice, but it's __________________________________________ city.
18. Please don't use more water than you really need. avoid
Please try __________________________________________ more water than you really need.
19. I'm sure Jane will manage to convince the city council to build a new park. succeed
I'm sure Jane will __________________________________________ the city council to build a new park.
20. Sorry, but I couldn't get concert tickets at such short notice. able
Sorry, but I __________________________________________ concert tickets at such short notice.
EX 16

1. 'Bringing your own tents on the camping trip isn't necessary,' said Monique. have
Monique told us we __________________________________________ our own tents on the camping trip.
2. John advised me to take my studies more seriously. would
John said, 'If I __________________________________________ take my studies more seriously.'
3. This trigonometry problem is really hard for me to solve.' work
I can't seem to __________________________________________ this trigonometry problem.
4. The local environmental organisation has very little money left. running
The local environmental organisation __________________________________________ money.
5. I suggest reading this article before you do your geography homework. had
You __________________________________________ this article before you do your geography homework.
6. Why isn't the government informing people about this problem? informed
Why __________________________________________ about this problem by the government?
7. You'll never manage to convince him that bird watching is an interesting hobby. succeed
You'll never __________________________________________ him that bird-watching is an interesting hobby.
8. They began this wildlife charity in 1970. founded
This wildlife charity __________________________________________ in 1970.
9. These animals need us if they are going to survive. depend
These animals __________________________________________ their survival.
10. They have said that the company broke several environmental laws. accused
The company __________________________________________ several environmental laws.

EX 17

1. If we fail to look after the environment, it could end in disaster. of

If we do not __________________________________________ the environment, it could end in disaster.
2. There was no reason for Mary to storm off like she did. have
Mary __________________________________________ storm off like that.
3. Our headteacher gave us permission to have a school ball! said
Our headteacher __________________________________________ a school ball!
4. Children under sixteen are not allowed in the nightclub. get
You __________________________________________ the nightclub if you're under sixteen.
5. Be more careful next time and you won't get hurt again. will
You __________________________________________ more careful if you don't want to get hurt next time.
6. I am absolutely incapable of speaking French without an accent. speak
I simply __________________________________________ French without an accent.
7. It isn't necessary to ask Jacob to the party, but I think he'd like to come. not
You __________________________________________ Jacob to the party, but I think he'd like to come.
8. I wish I could go to a fashion show in Paris! able
I'd love __________________________________________ go to a fashion show in Paris!
9. Why didn't you tell Rod what time we were meeting? should
You __________________________________________ Rod what time we were meeting.
10. I started going abroad when I was ten. have
I __________________________________________ I was ten.

EX 18

1. The holiday was so expensive that we could only afford one week. an
It was __________________________________________ that we could only afford one week.
2. After Peter's visits, we would all say goodbye to him at the station. see
After Peter's visits, we would all __________________________________________ at the station.
3. Hilda was too young to travel on her own. enough
Hilda was __________________________________________ to travel on her own.
4. Years ago, a lot of people spent their holidays with relatives. used
Years ago, a lot of people __________________________________________ their holidays with relatives.
5. I was promised the best holiday I had ever had but it turned out to be a disaster. lifetime
I was promised __________________________________________ but it turned out to be a disaster.
6. One place that is becoming increasingly popular with teenagers is Canada. destination
Canada is an __________________________________________ among teenagers.
7. Because we were so compatible, the trip was a great success. got
Because we __________________________________________ well, the trip was a great success.
8. Getting over a break-up can take some time. recover
It can take some time __________________________________________ a break-up.
9. Ed and Stacey got married in September. been
Ed and Stacey __________________________________________ September.
10. Marie started acting six years ago. for
Marie __________________________________________ six years.

EX 19

1. James Dean grew up in Indiana with his aunt and uncle. RAISED
James Dean __________________________________________ his aunt and uncle in Indiana.
2. I have tolerated your behaviour for too long! PUT
I __________________________________________ your behaviour for too long!
3. I solved the problem quickly with Jack's help. OUT
Jack helped __________________________________________ the problem quickly.
4. I tried talking to her a few days ago. ALREADY
I __________________________________________ talking to her.
5. I saw Steve right after he took his exams. JUST
Steve __________________________________________ his exams when I saw him.
6. When is the train due to arrive? GET
When __________________________________________ here?
7. I've had to wait all afternoon. BEEN
__________________________________________ all afternoon.
8. To get to work on time I have to get up at 6.00. MEANS
Getting to work on time __________________________________________ .
9. Today is Liz and John's thirtieth wedding anniversary. FOR
Liz and John __________________________________________ for thirty years today.
10. Whose watch is this? BELONG
Who __________________________________________ ?

EX 20

1. Cathy hasn't been on holiday with her sister before. FIRST

__________________________________________ that Cathy has been on holiday with her sister.
2. My dentist's appointment is for next Wednesday. TO
__________________________________________ dentist next Wednesday.
3. Brenda had no idea of her next move. WHAT
Brenda had no idea __________________________________________ do next.
4. What do you intend to do now? GOING
What __________________________________________ now?
5. Who will be your assistant on this project? WORKING
__________________________________________ you on this project?
6. Scientists are on the point of making a vital breakthrough. ABOUT
__________________________________________ a vital breakthrough.
7. I'll be home late. UNTIL
I __________________________________________ late.
8. No one knows who is going to win the match. WHAT
__________________________________________ of the match will be.
9. David is bound to be here on time. WON'T
David __________________________________________ .
10. Mary and Alan's wedding is next weekend. MARRIED
Mary and Alan __________________________________________ .

EX 21

1) Terry was fatter. DIDN'T

Terry __________________________________________ to be so thin.
2) I have never read a novel as good as this before. HAVE
This novel is __________________________________________ read.
3) I started my stamp collection when I was ten. BEEN
I __________________________________________ I was ten.
4) Nobody expected John to come to the wedding. TURN
Nobody thought John __________________________________________ the wedding.
5) The ice turned into water as we heated it. UNTIL
We heated the ice __________________________________________ .
6) Janet has no intention of leaving her job. IS
Janet __________________________________________ her job.
7) I did not buy the local paper, so I did not know about the concert. THERE
If I had bought the local paper I __________________________________________ a concert.
8) Bob is a much better swimmer than George. SWIM
George __________________________________________ as Bob.
9) This is a 'no smoking' office. ALLOWED
You __________________________________________ in this office.
10) Maria didn't listen carefully to the news broadcast. ATTENTION
Maria didn't __________________________________________ the news broadcast.