The University of Sydney

School of Mathematics and Statistics

Calculus Tutorial 2
MATH1062: Mathematics 1B (Calculus) Semester 1, 2024

Questions marked with * are harder questions.

Material covered
(1) Separable differential equations

Summary of essential material

Here is a table of standard integrals.
∫ ∫
𝑥 𝑛+1
• 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = +𝐶 (𝑛 ≠ −1) • sec2 (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = tan(𝑥) + 𝐶
𝑛+1
∫
𝑑𝑥
• = ln |𝑥| + 𝐶
∫
𝑥 • cosec2 (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = − cot(𝑥) + 𝐶
∫
• 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶 ∫
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
∫ • √ = sin−1 +𝐶
• sin(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = − cos(𝑥) + 𝐶 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑎

∫ ∫
𝑑𝑥 1 𝑥
• cos(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = sin(𝑥) + 𝐶 • = tan−1 + 𝐶
𝑎2 +𝑥 2 𝑎 𝑎
We consider ln(𝑥) ≡ log𝑒 (𝑥), where 𝑒 = 2.71828 . . . and make use of hte exponential and log laws.

• 𝑒 𝑎+𝑏 = 𝑒 𝑎 𝑒 𝑏 • ln(𝑎𝑏) = ln 𝑎 + ln 𝑏 • ln 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥 ln 𝑒 = 𝑥
𝑒𝑎
• 𝑒 𝑎−𝑏 = 𝑒 𝑎 𝑒 −𝑏 = • ln 𝑎 𝑏 = 𝑏 ln 𝑎 • 𝑒 ln 𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑒𝑏

Questions to complete during the tutorial

𝑑𝑦
1. Consider the differential equation = 2𝑥𝑦.
𝑑𝑥
(a) Calculate the general solution of the equation.
(b) Calculate and sketch the particular solution that passes through (𝑥, 𝑦) = (0, 2).

2. Which of the following differential equations are separable? For those that are not, justify your
answer. Write those that are in separated form and solve them.
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 + cos 𝑦
(a) =5 (d) = (f) = √
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 3 𝑥 2 − 16
𝑑𝑦
(b) = 𝑥𝑦 + 5
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 √︁ 𝑑𝑦 𝑒𝑦
(c) =𝑥+𝑦 (e) = 𝑥 4 − 𝑦2 (g) = + 3𝑒 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (𝑎 − 𝑥)

Copyright © 2024 The University of Sydney 1

 (h) 𝑦
𝑑𝑦
= (𝑥 − 𝑦 2 ) sin 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑦 (9 + 𝑦 4 ) sin(𝑥)
(i) = (j) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑒𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑦

*3. The velocity 𝑣 of objects falling in viscous fluids varies in 𝑡 according to

𝑑𝑣
= 𝑔 − 𝑘𝑣. (1)
𝑑𝑡
where 𝑔 ≃ 9.81𝑚/𝑠2 is the gravitational aceleration and 𝑘 is the friction constant.
(a) Calculate the particular solution with initial condition 𝑣(0) = 0.
(b) What is the terminal velocity of the falling object and when is it obtained? When does
the falling object attain 99% of its terminal velocity?
(c) Calculate the terminal velocities of a glass marble with diameter 1𝑐𝑚 sinking in: (i)
𝜇𝜌 𝑠
honey and (ii) olive oil. In viscous fluids 𝑘 = 18 2 , where 𝜌 𝑠 and 𝜇 are,
𝑞 (𝜌0 − 𝜌 𝑠 )
respectively, the density and kinematic viscosity of the surrounding medium and 𝜌0
and 𝑞 are, respectively, the density and diameter of the falling object. The densities
of honey, olive oil and glass are roughly 𝜌 ℎ𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑦 = 1450𝑘𝑔/𝑚 3 , 𝜌 𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 910𝑘𝑔/𝑚 3 and
𝜌𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 3000𝑘𝑔/𝑚 3 respectively. The kinematic viscosities of honey and oil are
𝜇 ℎ𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑦 = 73.6 × 10−6 𝑚 2 /𝑠 and 𝜇 𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 43.2 × 10−6 𝑚 2 /𝑠.
(d) What are the terminal velocities for a marble with diameter 10𝑐𝑚?

𝑑𝑦
*4. (a) Describe all solutions to the differential equation = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑦 2 − 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 1.
𝑑𝑥
Hint: Use partial fractions.
1+𝑒
(b) Determine particular solutions satisfying initial conditions 𝑦(𝑒) = 1 and 𝑦(0) = .
1−𝑒

Short answers to selected exercises

2 2
1. (a) 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 𝑥 (b) 𝑦 = 2𝑒 𝑥
 
2. (a) 𝑦(𝑥) = 5𝑥 + 𝑐 (i) 𝑦(𝑥) = ln − 12
cos(2𝑥) + 𝐶
√︁
(b) Not separable (j) 𝑦 = ± 3 tan(−6 cos(𝑥) + 𝐶)

3. (c) Roughly 0.79𝑚/𝑠 and 2.89𝑚/𝑠.