Evolution of Cellular Networks

Evolution of Cellular Networks

2.1 First Generation Mobile Systems
2.2 Second
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Chapter 2 Evolution of Cellular Networks
 Evolution of Cellular Networks

PSTN Network

OMC
HLR/Auc/EIR
GSM Core Network

GBSC A SS7 Network

MSC/VLR
Abis
Um
SMS-GMSC/IWMSC
MS Gs
Pb

GBTS
Gb Billing Center
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SGSN
CG
GPRS Core Network
Um
GPRS Backbone
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GGSN

DNS
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Evolution of Cellular Networks

1.1 Base Station System (BSS)

BSC=Antenna controller
• Management of BTS Radio Channel
• HandoverNSS
Management PSTN/
• Subscriber Paging
• Mobile Switch Center ISDN
• Single BEC usually controls multiple BTS (10-100)

Abis
 Evolution of Cellular Networks

1.2.1 Network & Switching System (NSS)

MSC

VLR =Visitor location Register PSTN/

• Each subscriber is associated with single HLR ISDN
• HLR Holds Temporary subscriber data such as
HLR =Home
IMSI location
MSC=Mobile Switching Register
Center
• Like Service
EachSwitch profile
subscriber is associated
center with single
with enhancement forHLR
Authentication
• equipment
HLR Holds subscriber data
data such
and subscriber as management
mobility
• Cell setup
IMSI , management and teardown
• Support
Service profile services (signaling )
for additional
• Communication
Current location from VLR
with PSTN (public Switch VLR
Charging
Telephony information
Network) GMS(Gateway MSC)
AuC =Authentication Center AuC
• Authentication key and code storage HL
•
•
Authentication Subscribers (identified by SIM card )
Inform HLR to manage subscriber and services
R
Evolution of Cellular Networks
2.1 First Generation Mobile Systems
2.2 Second Generation Mobile Systems
 2.5G Systems
 2.75G Systems
Most 2G systems are being evolved. For
GSM/GPRS example,
systems alsoGSM was
added EDGEextended
(Enhancedwith GPRSfor
Data Rates
(GeneralThis
Global Evolution). Packet Radio System)
nearly quadruples to support
the throughput of GPRS.
The theoretical data rate of 473.6kbit/s enables service providers to
efficient packet data services, as well as
efficiently offer multimedia services. Like GPRS, since it does not
increasing
comply with the data
all the features of a 3Grates.
system, EDGE is usually
categorized as 2.75G.
Chapter 2 Evolution of Cellular Networks
Evolution of Cellular Networks
High Speed Circuit Switched Data
Dedicate up to 4 timeslots for data connection ~ 50
kbps
Good for real-time applications c.w. GPRS
Inefficient -> ties up resources, even when nothing sent
Not as popular as GPRS (many skipping HSCSD)

Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution

GSM HSCSD Uses 8PSK modulation
9.6kbps (one timeslot) 3x improvement in data rate on short distances
GSM Data Can fall back to GMSK for greater distances
Also called CSD Combine with GPRS (EGPRS) ~ 384 kbps
Can also be combined with HSCSD
GSM GPRS
WCDMA
General Packet Radio Services
Data rates up to ~ 115 kbps EDGE
Max: 8 timeslots used as any one time
Packet switched; resources not tied up all the time
Contention based. Efficient, but variable delays
GSM / GPRS core network re-used by WCDMA (3G)

Chapter 2 Evolution of Cellular Networks

Evolution of Cellular Networks

2.2 Second Generation Mobile Systems

Chapter 2 Evolution of Cellular Networks

Evolution of Cellular Networks
2.3 Third Generation Mobile Systems
3G (Third Generation) This was developed by the 3GPP (Third
Generation Partnership Project). There are numerous variations on
this standard, including TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA. WCDMA is the
main evolutionary path from GSM/GPRS networks.

WCDMA supports voice and multimedia services with an initial

theoretical rate of 2Mbit/s, with most service providers initially
offering 384kbit/s per user. However, this technology is continuing to
evolve and later 3GPP releases have increased the rates to in excess of
40Mbit/s.

Chapter 2 Evolution of Cellular Networks

Evolution ofUMTS
Cellular Networks
Architecture
• UTRAN:UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network.

Chapter 2 Evolution of Cellular Networks

Evolution of Cellular Networks
GSM/GPRS network architecture
Radio access network GSM/GPRS core network
BSS

PSTN, ISDN
MSC GMSC

BTS VLR
MS BSC HLR
PCU AuC
SGS
N EIR
BTS

IP GGS
Backbone N

databas
e
Internet

Chapter 2 Evolution of Cellular Networks

 3GPP Rel.’99
Evolution network
of Cellular architecture
Networks

Radio access network Core network (GSM/GPRS-

UTRAN based)

PSTN
Iub RNC MSC GMSC
Iu CS
BS VLR
UE Iur HLR
Uu
AuC
Iub RNC SGS
Iu N EIR
BS PS Gn

IP GGS
Backbone N

databas
e
Internet

Chapter 2 Evolution of Cellular Networks

 3GPP Rel.’99
Evolution network
of Cellular architecture
Networks

Radio access network

UTRAN
2G => 3G MS => UE
(User Equipment), often
Iub RNC
also called (user)
terminal
BS
UE
New air (radio) interface
Iur
Uu based on WCDMA access
RNC
technology
Iub
BS
New RAN architecture
(Iur interface is available
for soft handover,
BSC => RNC)

Chapter 2 Evolution of Cellular Networks

 3GPPof
Evolution Rel.’99 network
Cellular architecture
Networks

Changes in the core Core network (GSM/GPRS-

based)
network:

PSTN
MSC is upgraded to MSC GMSC
Iu CS
3G MSC VLR
SGSN is upgraded HLR
to 3G SGSN AuC
SGS
GMSC and GGSN Iu N EIR
remain the same PS Gn

AuC is upgraded IP GGS

N
(more security Backbone

features in 3G)
Internet

Chapter 2 Evolution of Cellular Networks

 LTE/EPC Network Architecture: LTE Only
PCRF

S6a
HSS

Rx
Gx
S11
MME
S1-C S5 SGi Operator’s
S1-U IP Service
E-UTRAN S-GW PDN-GW

 E-UTRAN: consists of eNodeBs, which integrate some functions of the

RNC/BSC used in UMTS/GSM networks.
 MME: provides functions such as mobility management, UE identification, and
security.
 S-GW: terminates the interfaces to E-UTRAN.
 P-GW: terminates the SGi interface to PDN.

Page39
 LTE vs UMTS
• Functional changes compared to the current
UMTS architecture