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    Manual-de-Metodos-de-Mantenimiento-de-AeropuertosDOC-9137-Parte-9

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    Manual-de-Metodos-de-Mantenimiento-de-AeropuertosDOC-9137-Parte-9

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    Airport Services Manual (Doc 9137-AN/898) Part 9 Airport Maintenance Practices First Edition —~ 1984 AMENDMENTS: ‘The issue of amendments is announced regularly in the [CAO Jowrnat and in the monthly Supplement 10 the Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual ‘Training Aids, which holders of this publication should consult. The space below is provided (0 keep a record of such amendments. RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA. AMENDMENTS ‘CORRIGENDA, No. Dawe Entered by Ne. Dae Entered by iy Foreword This manual consolidates in one document a review of the Inaintenance practices required at an airport to maintain the safety, elficleney and regulatity of aireraft operations, Its only conversed with those facilites which are normally tie resjnunibilty of ie aisport auchority. Ia other wordey maintenance of such facilities as radio navigational aics ‘andi meteorological equipment is nor discussed. Proper maintenance of aisport facilicies is important boul or the sale operation of aircraft and extending che life of the facilities. Nevertheless, maintenance is fre+ ‘quently overlooked of reduced when establishing budgets for airports, 1 iS hoped that this manual wil establish he proper position oF maintenance inthe overall sirport programme, Diflorences between the facilities provided at an airpor', differences in che loval environmental conditions and Alifforetees in use make ir impossible 1 name specifi ai maintenance requirements. The mamial attempts to ‘overcome this by identifying the various types of mainten- lance required for airport facilities. It remains for each port authority to decide if a particular maintenance check ie appropriate for its airport and to establish the appropriate maintenance schedule “This manual was prepared by the ICAO Secretariat with tho assistance of the German Aizports Association (ADV). 11 is important to note that the material contained in the ‘manual may not necessarily reflect cither the views of the ADV or the offieial position of ICAO. It is intended that the manual will be kepr up to date. Future edittons will be Improved on the basis of experiance gained and of ‘omiments and supgestions received from the users of this ‘manual, Therefore, roaders are invited 10 pive thei views, ‘comments and suggestions on this edition. These should be ivected tothe Secretary General of ICAO, Table of Contents Chapter 1. General 1.1 Aim of the manual 1.2 Use of the manual 1.3 Organization of the manual 1.4 Purpose of airport maintenance 1S Organization of airport maintenance. Chapter 2. Maintenance of Visual Aids. 241 Introdvetion 2.2 Personnel 2.3. Spare parts 24 As-buile drawings 2.5 Light maintenance schedule ‘General Basic maintenance programme for approach, runway and taxiway Fighting systems Additional maintenance programme for special types of lights Maintenance programme for other airport lights Docking guidance systems 2.6 Light maintenance procedures General hints for the maintenance of lights Cleaning procedures for lights. Light measurement ‘Lamp replacement Removal af water 27° Signs 2.8 Markings Chapter 3. Maintenance of Airport Electrical Systems 3.1 General 3.2. Personnel 3.3. Schedule of maintenance Power cables and distriburors in field ‘Transformers and regulators (including standby units) Page to 10 10 10 wo ‘Transformer sations for electric power supply Relay and switch eabinets (including switch cabinets in substations) Control cables, monitoring units, control desk Secondary power supplies (generators) Ftd 40 Hz ground power supple Apron floodlighting Chapter 4. Maintenance of Pavements... 41 Surface repair General Portland cement concrete pavements Bituminous pavements 4.2. Repair of joints and cracks Joints in concrete pavements Concrete joint maintenance Joints in bituminans pavements ‘Cracks in concrete pavements .... ‘Cracks in bituminous pavements 4.3 Repair of pavement edge damage General Eulge repair Comer repair 44 Repair of other pavement surtce deficiencies 45 Sweeping Purpose of sweeping Surface monitoring ‘Cleaning of surfaces 4.6 Cleaning of contaminants Purpose of cleaning pavements Removal of rubber deposits Fuel and oll removal 4.7 Removal of snow and ice General Snow plan and stow committee Responsibilities Procedures for interrupting air traffic Procedures for stow removal Surface de-icing Surface auti-icing Personne! training n 2 2 2 B 1B B 13 3 18 15 18 15 6 6 16 16 18 18 18 18 18 9 9 19 9 a 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 on Chapter $. Drainage, 5.1 General Layout 5.2 Cleaning of slot drains. 5.3. Drain pipes or culverts between surfaces and collector basins 5.4 Oil and fuel separators, 5.5 Water hydrants Chapter 6, Maintenance of Unpaved Aseas . 6.1 General 6.2 Maintenance of green areas within strips . 6.3 Maintenance of grass on unpaved runways and taxiways 6.4 Maintenance of green areas outside strips 6,5 Equipment for maintenance of grass. 6.6 ‘Treatment of eut grass Chapter 7, Removal of Disabled Aireraft 7.1 Removal plan 4.2. Personnel training. 7.3 Storage of equipment 7A Maintenance of removal equipment. Page 8 BRR 28 3 31 2 32 2 33 3B 35 36 36 36 36 36 Airport Services Manual Chapter 8, Maintenance of Equipment ‘and Vehieles| 8.1 General 8.2 Organization of vehicle maintenance. 8.3 Schedule of vehicle maintenance 3.4 Workshops Chapter 9. Buildings 21 General 9.2 Lighting and electric equipment 9.3, Communication facilites 9.4 Air conditioning system... 9.5 Heating facilities 9.6 Automatic doors 9.7 Baggage conveyor belts (fixed installations) 9.8 Baggage claim units 9.9 Passenger boarding bridges .. 9.10. People lifts (elevators) 9.11 People movers (escalators, ete) 9.12. Fixed fire protection installations. Page 39 39 39 39 41 2 2 2 8 8 4s 4s 45 45 Chapter 1 General 1. AIM OF THE MANUAL 111 This publication is directed at authorities responsible forthe operation of airports and/or individual facilities on sixports other than meteorological or elec- tronic navigation aids, 1 is compiled ia a manner suitable For those ssho have responsibility for the operational safety fof aliport facilities and equipment, and for ensuting the undisturbed operation of air traffic on the ground. Reference is made to specifications and other relevant materia in ICAO documents which require authorities 10 rake care of spovial tasks ia the interest oF safeiy and regularity of air transport. 11.2 While his manual addresses maintenance of aieport components regardless of the airports size oF role, the deseription of tasks lias boon restricted fo the mainien anve of those facilities which are unique £0 oF typical Por firporis. As airports ane comparable 10 other kinds of instrial plants, many other maintenance functions have to be cartied out ¢0 ensure serviceability and tunetion oF buildings, facilities and equipsient. This manual does not deal with any of these normal indusiial maintenance asks ir salety ov regularity of aireralt operation and/or passenzer ranaling except it areas where a functional failure would 1.2 USE OF THE MANUAL LIA The manual is intended 10 give guidance (0 ausborises on planning and conducting maintenance work ton an aleport, he guidance has been developed fron sees and reflects longterm experience inthe lield of airport operation. Since wear and various airport operaters! pr sensitivity oF any technical component depend on material uiiation, age, elimace and other environmental cow: itions, none of the recommendations on the «ype and intervals of mainvenance action described in this manual showld he considered specication. Local needs, loval cexperieleg, recimmendations of -maruacturers of components and — if relevant — nationel oF Soca] rules should govern the plan on what and when maintenance tasks are to be carried out 1.2.2 The recommendations compiled in this manual sore oF less describe the air carrier airports” needs for maintenance. For commuter-iype and general aviation sirporis ess extensive maintenance wall sullice, since neither their type of traffic nor the economic situation of such airports generaily warrant as high x level of main: tenance, except for runway surfaces and — if provided — viswal aids. Nevertheless, the information given in this rmangal may also pulde operators of cormuter-type and feeneral aviation airports in setting up maintenance programmes tailored 10 the needs of their facilities 1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THE MANUAL L.A This manual is organized in such a way as (0 cover primmaly the airport maintenance tasks required for maintaining safe airesaft operation during the landing, tani and take-off phases. Lo addition, some of the maintenance tasks supporting the ai7port efficiency have been included 1.3.2 The requirements for safety reasons dominate the first part of the manual’s contents, wherein the maintenance of visual aids, of electrical infrastructure, of pavements, of unpaved) areas and of the drainage system is deal with, Availability of suitable equipment is the tool for complying with the maintenance requirements of fixed facilities, Therefore, the maintenance of vehicles and ‘equipment has been included as an elementary part of the ‘overall izport maintenance task. Aircraft removal ‘equipment represents a very special type of alspore ‘equipment. The material in this manual is complementary to the Airport Services Manual, Part §, whick deals with removal procedures. 1.3.3. Chapter 9 concerns ane aspeot of the large Feld of maintenanes tasks tor the serviceability of handting facilities on an aiport, i. the maintenance of some of the technica! passenger handing tuciliies in che terminal builaine, Airport Services Manual 4 PURPOSE OF AIRPORT MAINTENANCE, 14.1 An aieport, being an important part of the aeronautical infrastructure, bas © mect high safety standards, The required level of safety can only be achieved by proper maintenance of all the elements composing 2a airport 14.2 Maintenance includes measures to keep or restore the operational function as well as measures to chek and to evaluate the present funetion of an element The basic coninonents of maintenance are: — inspections — servicing and overhaul; and — repair 1.4.3 Inspection comprises all measures fo cheek and evaluate the operating condition including spontaneous ‘and scheduled checks, Scheduled checks are earried out in accordance with a plan specifying the preparation of the coheck, che sort of check, the report on the result and the ‘evaluation of the results. From the evaluations the operator decides whether oF not extea servicing or even repair has «0 bbe underiaken, 1.4.4 Servicing and overhaul vomprise all meawures 10 maintain or return @ facility or device to its required ‘operating condition, These measures shouiel be carried out ‘according to a plan specifying the time for the service, he hatare of the service and the Feport of compliance 14.5 Whenever inspection of servicing discovers doficiencies, repair measures have to be planned and carried out as soon as practicable, Repair ean comprise minor or major work as, for instance, runway surtace Ieatment with consequential trate interruption, 14.6 Etiiiency ancl safety of operation can only be expected from Tacilties thar are it good operational condition. The maintenance of facilites, ie. the sum of all measures described above. is the prerequisite 10 such a condition, Furthermore, maintenance minimizes wear aud tear, ths controlling and extending considerably the life sputt af technical components, In this respect maintcnance becomes an economic requirement ¢o keep investinens and capital costs for the aeronauitical infrastructure within aceeprable lint. 1.5. ORGANIZATION OF AIRPORT MAINTENANCE 1.5.1 Complete assessment of all parts of the airpors is the basic requirement of the maintenance organization. Buildings, pavement sections and unpaved areas in berween have to be aumbercd, as well as all machinery, technical fand mechanical inventory, including vehicles. The numbers dofine the objects, for which the maintenance requirements ‘can be specified individually. These requirements should be recorded on cards or computer tapes. 1.5.2 Maintenance programmes will be developed from experience with the needs of the different objects oF in accordance with the manufacturer's advice. For ‘economic reasons and in order 10 split responsibilty ‘equitably, a precise breakdown of the total work by fields ‘of maintenance is recommended (e.g. for « building — roofs, walls, (ucluding doors and windows), machinery and mechanical facilities and electric installations). Each eam or expert responsible for one special task can then ‘work in accordance with a systematic work programme that will achieve optimum efficiency. 1.5.3 A fundamental task of the maintenance organ ization is to translate the maintenance requirements into rman/hours and monetary value. This evaluation is the basis of staffing budget planning, Itis, furthermore, a tool for decision-making when contracting third parties tor imaintenance tasks instead of employing extra personnel. 15.4 All maintenance programmes should be “sereened" once a year, preferably at the time of budget planning, Its useful not only to rely on recorded data but to inspect the condition of all major objects at that time, In contrast to machines, whose operating ours give & good measure of wear, the deterioration of buildings is more dependent on weathering, utilization under heavy load, coneesied construction delieiencies or other unpredictable sources of damage. 1.5.5 Updated maintenance programmes will allow: appropriate staffing: — compliance with the recorded maintenance needs; and — flexibility as to the timing of action when unexpected circumsianees have aflaered the planned work schedule. When manavement checks the work carried out against scheduled tasks, it gains thereby full control of the maintenance progress and budget. Compliance reports are the feedback and have 10 be recorded, as well as obser- vations on any reported deficiencies 1.5.6 Computer assistance cen be helpful and econ comical if the volume of maintenance is high. The computer is particularly capable of sontrolling preventive mainten- tance tasks typical of electrical systems and machines, Furthermoxe, evaluation of the aging of inventory and of niaintenatce budget eomrol can be faciizated by suitable Part 9.— Airport Maintenance Practices Chapter 1 — General compiner programmes. The computer is less fective for maintenance control of buildings and pavements, where repair work upon notice will always prevail 1.5.7 To maintain che operation of the technical facilities a an airport, a sufficient number of technicians ust be available during airport operating hours so that deficiencies can be overcome immediately. The team available should comprise, as appropriate, engineers, ‘auiomotive lechnicians, locksmiths, tinsmiths, air con ditioning and heating technicians, elecricians and HF- technicians. IF control/monitoring centres for technical facilities exist, they should be manned permanently. 1.5.8 ‘This standard ceam can be reduced outside the ‘operating hours to such a degree that vital components niecessary for the techical Function of che airport (ca. electrical cirewls, heating or air conditioning, ‘elephone system ete.) can be kept serviceable and additional technickans ean be called upon to arrive prompily in cases fof serious disturbance, Im all other cases the reduced ‘maintenance team has to take care of provisional repair ‘work and will report on maintenance needs to the standard team at the beginning of their duty hours, 1.5.9 The standard team neod not be capable of doing ail of the airpoct’s maintenance tasks. The airport auth- ofily may use contractors to carry oul those maintenance tasks which can be easily organized on a time schedule. However, apart from the normal maintenance tasks (which according to the experience of the airport authority the ‘maintenance staf can fully take care of) special tasks may) ‘occur unexpectedly due 10 the very nature of air transport and its sensitivity to external impacts, Reasons for extta ‘maintenance work can be: — snowfall or ice Forming on operational areas; — sandstorm; — rain, heavy thunderstorm with consequential damage; = aieeraft accidents or incidents; and — technical or eriminal emergencies. 1.5.10. To cope with these inevitable work reauire- sents and especialy in view ofthe irport emergency plan, the aport authority wil have co have acerca reserve of| skilled craftsmen emplayed. This requirement reduces the Scope for contract maintenance by third party companies. 1.5.11 Toensure the whole airport’s smooth operation the provision of workshops a the airport is necessary from both an operational and economic standpoint. The selection of the kinds of workshops depends largely on the local situation, ie. size of airport, trafic volume, owner- ship of Facilites and equipment, share of work between airport users (airlines) and ainport operator etc. individual solutions for the provision of workshops have to take into = ocal maintenance requirements: = compliance with the airport emergency plan and ‘The economic aims may involve performing other business in the aieport’s workshops, for example, aircraft mainten- ance for home base carriers and/or generat aviation. Alternatively, economic needs can roquite that outside workshops or crafismen be used for maintenance work and leven emergeney assistance. A sound balance becween the capacity of the airports basic maintenance workforce and their system co comply with peak and emergency workloads is important for an evonomie aicport operation. Chapter 2 Maintenance of Visual Aids 2.1 INTRODUCTION 21 The basic purpose of visual aid systems is to ald in the safe operation of aircraft. Therefore, the highest standards of maintenance are required. Once a system has bocen installed, its uscfulness is dependent on ite service ability which in turn depends upon the effectiveness of the maintenance work carried out, Annex 14, Chapter 1 dofines a light to have failed when its ight output falls below $0 per cent of that specified for a new light. The ‘causes for the loss in light output can be contaminants Dutside and inside the light unit, and degradation of the lamp and optical system die to aging, The light ean and should be restored to its original condition by cleaning or replacing the lamp and any parts which have apparently become desraded. For this purpose it is essential to establish a comprehensive routine maintenance system or servicing lights and other equipment so that dhe installation complies with the specified requicements, Reference is made (© Annex 14, Chapter 9. 2.2, PERSONNEL 22.1 The task of maintaining lighting aids should be entrusted only to reliable and skilled electricians who have had experience with high voltage, series circuits and lighting, These individuals should be present or on call ‘during the operating hours of the airport to correct any ddpfisiencies that might develop. Training pri shouldbe established to mainiain the competence oF maintenance personnel and to keep them abreast of new developments. 2.3. SPARE PARTS 2.3.1 An adequate stock of spare parts should be available. The level of stock will vary depending on the (ime required to resupply a particular item and ils shelf life 2.4 AS-BUILT DRAWINGS 24,1 Aset of as-built drawings should be kept readily available. These drawings must be kept up to date and any changes at site should be reflected immediately on these rawings, The completeness and the accuracy of all circuit diagrams, drawings and descriptions should be checked at Tease annually 2.5 LIGHT MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE. General 2.3.1 When servicing lights the instructions of the ‘appropriate authority and recommendations of the ccauipment manufacturer should be followed to ensure the required service standard. Service records showing maintenance schedules recommended by the manufacturer fr local standards should be prepared for each piece of ‘equipment, These can be arranged in a dated reminder file to make sure all equipment is serviced regularly, This record should have space to enter observations, measure> ments and initials of the servicing individual. If local ‘conditions indicate a change in time interval of servicing (o bbe desirable then the schedule can be altered in eonsutation| with the equipment manufacturer 25.2 The frequency at which routine inspection, ‘leaning and servicing are to be performed will vary according to the type of equipment, its location and usage. ‘A maintenance programme must be drawn up for each individual airport based on past experience and its aim should be to achieve the required service standard. The following schedules are presented as guidance material in ‘establishing a preventive maintenance programme. More frequent checks may be necessary for the lights serving precision approach category II and IT runways. The time schedules shown should not take precedence over manufac turers’ instruetions or be applied to similar equipment not ‘mentioned, Each check should be followed by appropriate corrective action, Part 9.-~ Airport Maintenance Practices (Chapter 2. Maintenance of Visual Aids Basie maintenance programme for approach, runway and toxiway lighting systems 2.5.3 Maintenance for all types of approach, rinway and taxiway lights should include checking and, if necess= ary, taking the indicated vorrectve action, as follows: Daily — system for burn-out lamps; replacing buratout lamps _— system for gross misalignment (i applicable); adjusting control equipment for proper operation on each brightness step (if applicable); correcting or repairing ‘malfunctions — lass for breakage; replacing broken parts Annually fasteners of each light unit; ugntening = lights for corrosion; painting or replacing rusied parts = reflector of each light nit (if applicable); cleaning or replacing — glass of each Light; cleaning or replacing — lamps of the wltole system; replacing of the wnserviee- fable lamps or entire system (See 2.6.18) — clevation setting GP applicable); adjusting = horizontal alignment; adjusting — plig connexions for cleanness and faultless contact; cleaning or replacing of dirty parts = ight Fittings and their supporting structure (i existing} tor adequacy of fastening and for corrosion and rust tightening fasteners; painting or spraying — general condition of the whole system, and recording resus Unscheduled: elevation setting and the horizontal alignment (if applicable) of the light units after severe storms und snowfatls; adjusting tight units for obstruction by grass or snow, etc. (not applicable for inset ligh's); removing any obstacles found. Additional maintenance programme for special types of lighis 2.5.4 In_addition 10 the maintenance programme specitied in 2.5.3, the following sould be carried out for visual approach slope indicators, runway threshold and ‘endl Highs, and inset lights 25.5 Visual approach slope indicator maintenance should include checking and, if necessary, taking the indicated corrective action, as follows Twice monthly: —clevation setting (vertieal angle) of the light nits; adjusting = spreader glasses, fiers and lamps for cleanness; cleaning Annually: ‘= system from the ait, and recording results: adjusting and replacing lamps — supporting structure and the foundation of each unit: repairing, 2.5.6 Runway threshold and runway end light ‘maintenance should include checking and, if necessary, taking the indicated corrective action as follows: Twice weekly = fasteners of the lights: tightening = alass of each light for wear and tear; replacing. 2.5.7 Inset lights (runway centre line lights, touch- down zone lights, taxiway centre line lights, stop bar lights) maintenance should include checking and, if necessary, taking the indicated corrective action, as follows: Daily: — lenses for cleanness: cleaning Twice weekly (not applicable to taxiway and stop bar Tights): light output of lights within 900 m From each threshold including messuring and recording the results; cleaning ‘oF the lenses — top parts of lights within 900 m from each threshold: replacing, Quarterly (20% applicable 10 taxiway and stop bar lights): = ight ourput of all lights within the system including measuring and recording the results; cleaning of the lenses = top parts of the lights; replacing. Semi-onnuaily (not applicable 10 taxiway and stop bar lights) = tights for cleanness inside and out: cleaning. = lights for moisture: drying — electrical connexion of the lights; tightening; spraying, with contaet agent — alignment of lights; adjusting. Annually — prisms and filters; cleaning or replacing — sealing compounds reseaie, 6 Unscheduled = top parts of the lights two to four weeks after replace- seat: tightening, Maintenance programme Jor other airport lights 2.5.8 Other airport lights include, for example, airport beacons, obstacle lights and wind direction indicators. ‘These normally need less maintenance than approach, runway oF tasiway lighting systems. Their maintenance should include checking and, if necessary, taking the indicated corrective action, as follows Daily: — lamps; replacing if necessary — control equipment for proper operation (not applicable in the case of obstacle lights); correcting or repairing = fabric of the wind cone: repairing or replacing. Semi-annually (only for aisport beacon) power supply (rushes and slip-ings); cleaning or replacing ‘~ electrical connexions; tightening — rotating pars; fastening, Annually: — optical system of the airport beacon — glasses and the gaskets of obstacle lights; cleaning or replacing — function of the flashing relays and of the twilight switches of the obstavie lights; cleaning, repairing or replacing = power supply and the Tighting of the wind direction Indicator; repairing or replacing = electrical connesionss tightening; spraving with contact agent = fasteners of obstacte lighis —strueture and the fasteners of the wind direction indicator; ightening or repairing the structure = lights for corrosion; painting — colour of the fabric cone oF the wind direction indicator; replacing. — location of obstacle lights for easy access for mainten- ance; arranging of change of location if required and possible Unscheduled: — wind direction indicator after severe storms repai Docking guidance systems 2.5.9 Maintenance programmes for various

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