TECHNICAL REPORT ON CHAIN

SURVEYING: OBSTACLES
OBSTRUCTING CHAINING BUT NOT
RANGING [USING OPTICAL SQUARE]

GROUP ONE

NAME: BAGBENRO DANIEL

D.E.P.T: CIVIL ENGINEERING
LEVEL: ND1
MATRIC NUMBER: 23/103/01/F/0023
COURSE: SUG 101
 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION: Chain surveying is a traditional method of land surveying
that involves the use of chain, arrows, ranging rods to measure
distances and boundaries on a piece of land.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: In this report, we will focus on the specific issue of
obstacles obstructing chaining but not ranging, and explore the use
of an optical square as solution to this problem.

LOCATION: Front of civil engineering workshop.

EQUIPMENTS: Rang pole, arrow, optical square, steel tape.

PRACTICAL TEAM: OLOJEDE EZEKIEL, ODETOKUN

GIDEON, ADEOLA MATTEW, ASORE ISREAL, ADESHINA
ROKEEBAT, ADEDAMOLA LATEEF, SAMUEL TEMILEYIN,
AKINSIKU CHRISTOPHER, OJETUNDE HABEEB, SALAUDEEN
SULAIMON, MESIOYE SAMUEL, ADARAMAJA IGBAGBOYEMI, AJAYI
PHILLIP, OJO SAMUEL, LASISI USMAN, AJIBODE
SUNDAY, BAGBENRO DANIEL, SHOWUNMI RICHARD, YUSUF
ABEEB, ABOABA BANKOLE, SHOBUKOLA ABDULMALIK,
SONOIKI FAROUK, SHIYANBOLA ROKEEB, BALOGUN IBRAHIM,
ABDULRAZAK JUMMAH, ADEGOJU JOHN, SATUYI DOLAPO.

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 CHAPTER TWO
METHODOLOGY
OBSERVATION AND MEASUREMENT
During our surveying activities, we encountered obstacles
such as dense vegetation, fences that made it difficult to lay
the chain directly between the points to be measured. This
hindered the chaining process, but ranging was still
achievable. To address this issue, we employed an optical
square to establish a perpendicular line to the chain line,
allowing us to accurately measure the distances even when
direct chaining was obstructed. The optical square was set
up and calibrated to get a line across an obstacle [lake,
fence] /AB/. Perpendicular lines /AA`/ [4meters] and /BB`/
[4meters] are set out at line /AB/ using optical square [ /AA`/
= /BB`/]. Then line /A`B`/ was measured to be 12.86 meters
which is parallel to line /AB/ 12.90 meters.

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 CHAPTER THREE
PLOTTING AND DATA PRESENTATION
Upon completing the survey and obtaining the necessary
measurements using the optical square, we proceeded to
plot the data on a map. By integrating the measurements
taken with optical square, we were able to accurately
represent the land features, boundaries, and obstacles
encountered during the survey. This visualization provided a
comprehensive overview of the surveyed area, showcasing
the accuracy of the measurements despite the obstacles.

Using a scale of 1:250 draw a horizontal of line /AA`/

[4meters] and at points A and A` construct angles of 90
degrees. Then measure lines /AB/ and /A`B`/ [12.90meters
and 12.86meters respectively], line /AB/ must be equal to line
/A`B`/.

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 CHAPTER FOUR
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
In summary, obstacles obstructing chaining but not
ranging can be a common issue in chain surveying,
but it can be overcome with the use of tools such as
the optical square. By establishing perpendicular
lines to the chain line, surveyors can accurately
measure distances even in the presence of
obstacles. We recommend the use optical square in
chain surveying to accurate and precise
measurements, particularly in cases where
obstacles obstruct the line of sight.