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MAKE UP
MAKE UP
MAKE UP
MAKE UP ASSIGNMENT
QUESTION 1
1.1 Calculations of PVA and FV……………………………………………2
1.2 APR and EAR calculations……………………………………………...3
1.3 Passion calculations……………………………………………………..4
Question 2
2.1 Market Value of Stock…………………………………………………..5
2.1 Amortization schedule…………………………………………………..6
2.3 Calculations of Vusi payments………………………………………….7
Question 3
3.1 Supplemental operational cash flow……………………………………8
3.2 Coefficient of Variation………………………………………………...8-9
3.3 Average Return and Standard Deviation of Stocks…………………….9
Question 4
4.1 Value of Apartment and Mortgage loan repayment…………………...10
4.2 Payback and NPV of projects………………………………………….11-12
References ………………………………………………………………….13
2
Question 1
1.1
1
1−( )
1+𝑟𝑛
a) PVA = PMT[ ]
𝑟
Whereby
PMT=$ 10 000
n=4
r = 0.07
1
1−( )
1+0.074
PVA=10 000[ ]
0.07
=$33 872.11
b) FVn = PV(1+r)n
Whereby
PV = $33 872.11
n=1
r = 0.07
FVn = 33 872.11(1+0.07)1
= $ 36 243.16 - $ 10 000
= $ 26 243.16
3
1.2
0.1261666666
=
18
Monthly =0.007009259
= 0.007009259 × 12
= 0.084111108 × 100
= 8.41%
𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑚
b) rEAR = [1 + ] -1.0
𝑚
whereby
rsimple = 0.084111108
m=4
0.084111108 4
rEAR = [1 + ] – 1.0
4
= 0.08680319 × 100
= 8.68%
1.3
1
1−( )
(1+𝑟)𝑛
a) PVAn = PMT[ ]×[1+r]
𝑟
Whereby
r = 0.12/12=0.01
4
n = 4×12 = 48
1
1−( )
1+0.0148
$10 000 = PMT[ ]×[1+0.01]
0.01
$10 000
PMT = 38.35369909
= $260.73
1
1−( )
(1+𝑟)𝑛
b) PVA = PMT[ ]
𝑟
Whereby
r = 0.12/12=0.01
n = 4×12 = 48
1
1−( )
(1+0.01)48
10 000 = PMT[ ]
0.01
PMT = 10 000/37.97395949
= $263.34
5
Question 2
2.1
D1 = E1.50
D2 = E2.00
𝐸1,50 𝐸2,00
PV of constant growth = +
1+0.11 1+0.11
=E 2.974596218
D3 = D2(1+g)
= 2.00(1+0.05)
= 2.10
2.10
P3 =
0.11−0.05
= E35.00
35.00
PV of P2 =
(1+0.11)2
= E 28.40698516
Step 3
E 2.974596218 + E 28.40698516
= E 31.38
6
2.2
1
1−( )
(1+𝑟)𝑛
PVA = PMT[ ]
𝑟
Whereby
PVA = E 25 000
r = 0.10
n=5
1
1−( )
(1+0.10)5
25 000 = PMT[ ]
0.10
PMT= 25 000/3.790786769
= E 6 594.94
2.3
1
1−( )
(1+𝑟)𝑛
a) PVA = PMT[ ]
𝑟
Whereby:
PVA=50 000
r = 0.032/12 = 0.00266666
n = 10×12= 120
1
1−( )
(1+0.00266666)120
50 000 = PMT[ ]
0.00266666
50 000
PMT =
102.5781126
= E487 43
1
1−( )
(1+𝑟)𝑛
b) PVA = PMT[ ]
𝑟
Whereby
PMT = E487.43
r = 0.032/12 = 0.00266666
n = 7×12 = 84
1
1−( )
(1+0.00266666)84
PVA = 487.43[ ]
0.00266666
Question 3
3.1 The Annual Supplemental Operational Cash Flow for Mbabane Millers
3.2
NPV Probability
19 800 0.7
(20100) 0.1
31500 0.2
= E18 150.00
Standard
deviation=√0.7(19800 − 18150)2 + 0.1(−20100 − 18150)2 + 0.2(31500 − 18150)2
=13 559.36942
9
CV = 13 559.36942/18150
= 0747072697
The coeffient of variation is 0.7 which is less than eight therefore the firm will invest.
3.3
(16.50)+19.895+41.46+9+30.63
b. Average Return of portfolio = 5
= 16.897
= 19.01
= 25.7
iii) SD of portfolio=
= 22.24
10
Question 4
a) FV = PV (1+r)n
Whereby
n = 25 PV = 1 000 000
r = 0.09
FV = 1 000 000(1+0.09)25
= R 8 623 080.66
1
1−( )
(1+𝑟)𝑛
b) PVADUE = PMT[ ]×[1+r]
𝑟
Whereby
r = 0.06/12 = 0.005
n = 12×25 = 300
PVA = 1 000 000
1
1−( )
(1+0.005)300
1 000 000 = PMT[ ]×[1+0.005]
0.005
1000000
PMT = 155.9828983
= R 6 410.96
4.2
a) Cash flows are used in determining the payback period, net present value and internal rate
of return because they provide more accurate representation of the actual cash inflows and
outflows generated by an investment or project and for the following reasons:
payback period: using cash flows instead of profit flows ensures that only the actual cash
received from the project are considered, disregarding any non-cash accounting entries such as
depreciation or amortization.
Net Present Value: using cash flows instead of profit flows will help to provide a more accurate
measure of investments profitability as cash flows accounts for the time value of money and
reflect actual cash generated or spent each period.
Internal Rate of Return: cash flows can be used to calculate IRR as they reflect the actual cash
generated or spent, allowing for a more precise determination of the rate at which the
investments or earns a certain return.
b) NPV
Project A = (40 000+25 000)+(5 000+25 000)+(5 000+25 000)+(-15 000+25 000)
= R 9 660.12
Project B = (10 000+ 25 000) +(10 000+25 000) +(10 000+25 000) +(10 000+25 000)
= R6 307.23
12
Payback period
Project A
Project B
c. Project A should be accepted if this projects are mutually exclusive because of its high net
present value and short payback period when compared to project B.
13
REFERENCES
1. Adam, T. & Goyal, V.K. 2008. The investment opportunity set and its proxy variables.
The Journal of Financial Research, 31(1): 41-63.
2. Brealey,R.A., Myers, S.C. & Allen, F. 2007. Principles of corporate finance. 9th Ed.
New Jersey: McGraw Hill
3. Fama, E.F. & French, K.R. 2005. Financing decisions: who issues stock? Journal of
Financial Economics, 76 (3): 549-582.
4. Van Wyk, K., Botha, Z. and Godspeed, I. (2012), Understanding South African
Financial Markets, 4th Edition, Van Schaick Publishers.
5. https://www.emerald.com