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Chapter 2
Linear Equations and Inequalities in One Variable
2.1 Check Points

4. 8 y + 7 − 7 y − 10 = 6 + 4
1. x − 5 = 12 y − 3 = 10
x − 5 + 5 = 12 + 5 y − 3 + 3 = 10 + 3
x + 0 = 17 y = 13
x = 17 Check:
Check: 1 1 3
− = −
x − 5 = 12 2 4 4
17 − 5 = 12 − =−
1 2
2 4
12 = 12
The solution set is 17 .
1 1
− =−
2 2
1
2. z + 2.8 = 5.09   The solution set is .
4  
z + 2.8 − 2.8 = 5.09 − 2.8
z + 0 = 2.29
z = 2.29
Check:
z + 2.8 = 5.09
2.29 + 2.8 = 5.09
5.09 = 5.09
The solution set is 2.29 .
1 3
3. − = x−
2 4
1 3 3 3
− + = x− +
2 4 4 4
2 3
− + =x
4 4
1
=x
4
Check:
1 3
− = x−
2 4
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8 y + 7 − 7 y − 10 = 6 + 4 12
8(13) + 7 − 7(13) − 10 = 6 + 4 Check:
7(12) = 12 + 6(12)
1
0 84 = 12 + 72
4 84 = 84
+ The solution set is 12 .
7
− 6. 3x − 6 = 2x + 5
9
1 3x − 2x − 6 = 2x − 2x + 5
− x−6= 5
1 x − 6 + 6 = 5+ 6
0
x = 11
= Check:
1 3x − 6 = 2x + 5
0
3(11) − 6 = 2(11) + 5
111 −101 = 10
33 − 6 = 22 + 5
1
0 27 = 27
= The solution set is 11 .
1
0 7. V + 900 = 60 A
The solution set is 13 . V + 900 = 60(50)
V + 900 = 3000
5
. V + 900 − 900 = 3000 − 900
V = 2100
7 At 50 months, a child will have a vocabulary of
x 2100 words.
=
1
2
+
6
x
7
x
−
6
x
=
1
2
+
6
x
−
6
x
x
=
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Chapter 2 Linear Equations and Inequalities in One Variable Section 2.1 The Addition Property of Equality
2.1 Concept and Vocabulary Check 13. z + 8 = −12

z + 8 − 8 = −12 − 8
1. solving
z + 0 = −20
2. linear z = −20
3. equivalent Check:
z + 8 = −12
4. b + c
−20 + 8 = −12
5. subtract; solution −12 = −12
6. adding 7 The solution set is −20 .
7. subtracting 6x 14. z +13 = −15

z = −15 − 13
z = −28
2.1 Exercise Set
Check:
1. linear −28 +13 = −15
2. linear −15 = −15
The solution set is −28 .
3. not linear
4. not linear 15. −2 = x +14
−2 − 14 = x +14 − 14
5. not linear
−16 = x
6. not linear Check:
7. linear −2 = −16 +14
−2 = −2
8. linear
9. not linear
10. not linear 16. −13 = x +11
−13 −11 = x
11. x − 4 = 19 −24 = x
x − 4 + 4 = 19 + 4 Check:
x + 0 = 23 −13 = −24 +11
x = 23 −13 = −13
Check: The solution set is −24 .
x − 4 = 19
23 − 4 = 19 17. −17 = y − 5
19 = 19 −17 + 5 = y − 5 + 5
The solution set is 23 . −12 = y
Check:
12. y − 5 = −18 −17 = −12 − 5
y − 5 + 5 = −18 + 5 −17 = −17
y = −13 The solution set is −12 .
Check:
−13 − 5 = −18
−18 = −18
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18. −21 = y − 4 1 7
23. x + =
−21 + 4 = y 3 3
−17 = y 7 1
x= −
3 3
Check:
x=2
−21 = −17 − 4
Check:
−21 = −21 1 7
The solution set is −17 . 2+ =
3 3
6 1 7
19. 7 + z = 11 + =
3 3 3
z = 11− 7 7 7
=
z=4 3 3
Check: The solution set is 2 .
7 + 4 = 11
11 = 11 7 9
x+ =
24.
8 8
9 7
x= −
8 8
20. 18 + z = 14
2 1
z = 14 − 18 x= =
8 4
z = −4 Check:
Check: 1 7 9
+ =
18 + ( −4 ) = 14 4 8 8
14 = 14 2 7 9
+ =
8 8 8
9 9
21. −6 + y = −17 =
8 8
y = −17 + 6
1
y = −11 The solution set is   .
 4
Check:
−6 − 11 = −17 5 7
25. t + =−
−17 = −17 6 12
The solution set is −11 . t=− −
7 5
12 6
7 10 17
22. −8 + y = −29 t=− − =−
12 12 12
y = −29 + 8 Check:
y = −21 17 5 7
− + =−
Check: 15 6 12
−8 + ( −21) = −29 17 10
− + =−
7
−29 = −29 12 12 12
7 7
The solution set is −21 . − =−
12 12
 17 
The solution set is −  .
 12 
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2 7 1 3
26. t + =− 29. − + y = −
3 6 5 4
7 2 3 1
t=− − y=− +
6 3 4 5
7 4 11 15 4 11
t=− − =− y=− + =−
6 6 6 20 20 20
Check: Check:
11 2
− + =−
7 1  11  3
− + − =−
6 3 6 5 20 4
11 4 7
− + =− −
4 11
− =−
3
6 6 6 20 20 4
7 7
− =− −
15
=−
3
6 6 20 4
 11  3 3
The solution set is − .
  − =−
6
  4 4
 11 
3 9 The solution set is −  .

27. = x−  20 
4 2
3 3 9 3
x− + = + 1 1
4 4 2 4 30. − + y = −
8 4
21
x= 1 1
4 y=− +
4 8
Check: 2 1 1
21 3 9 y=− + =−
− = 4 8 8
4 4 2
Check:
18 9
= 1  1 1
− + − =−
4 2
8 8 4
9 9
= 2 1
2 2 − =−
8 4
 21 
The solution set is   . 1
− =−
1
4 4 4
3 7  1
28. x − = 7 7
=
5 10 10 10
x= +
7 3  13 
10 5   The solution set is .
10  
7 6 13
x= + =
10 10 10
Check:
13 3 7
− =
10 5 10
13 6 7
− =
10 10 10
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T Check:
h 3.2 + 4.3 = 7.5
e
s 7.5 = 7.5
o The solution set is
l 4.3 .
u
ti
o
n
s
e
t
is

−

.
 8

3
1
.
3
.
2
+
x
=
7
.
5
3
.
2
+
x
−
3
.
2
=
7
.
5
−
3
.
2
x
=
4
.
3
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32. −2.7 + w = −5.3 36. −11 = 8 + x

w = −5.3 + 2.7 −11 = 8 + x
w = −2.6 −19 = x
Check: Check:
−2.7 + ( −2.6 ) = −5.3 −11 = 8 + ( −19 )
−5.5 = −5.3 −11 = −19
The solution set is −2.6 . The solution set is −19 .
3 9 3 3
33. x+ =− 37. − =− +s
4 2 5 2
3 3 9 3 3 3
x+ − = − − − + =s
4 4 2 4 5 2
21 6 15
x=− − + =s
4 10 10
Check: 9
21 3 9 =s
− + =− 10
4 4 2 Check:
18 9 3 3 9
− =− − =− +
4 2 5 2 10
9 9
− =− 6
− =− +
15 9
2 2 10 10 10
 21  6 6
− =−
  10 10
 4
9
The solution set is   .
3 7  10 
34. r + = −
5 10
7 6 7 5
r=− − 38. =− +z
10 10 3 2
13 7 5
=− + =z
10 3 2
Check: 14 +15
=z
13 3 7
− + =− 6
10 5 10 29
13 6 7 z=
− + =− 6
10 10 10 Check:
7 7 7 5 29
− =− =− +
10 10 3 2 6
 13  14 15 29
The solution set is − . +
 
 10  =−
6 6 6
14 14
=
35. 5 = −13 + y 6 6
5 +13 = y  29 
18 = y The solution set is 18 .

Check:
5 = −13 +18
5=5
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The solution set is  .

 6

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39. 830 + y = 520 7 7

44. y + =
y = 520 − 830 11 11
y = −310 7 7
y= −
11 11
Check:
y=0
830 − 310 = 520
Check:
520 = 520 7 7
The solution set is −310 . 0+ =
11 11
7 7
40. −90 + t = −35 =
11 11
t = −35 + 90 The solution set is 0 .
t = 55
Check: 45. 6 y + 3 − 5 y = 14
−90 + 55 = −35 y + 3 = 14
−35 = −35 y = 14 − 3
The solution set is 55 . y = 11
Check:
41. r + 3.7 = 8 6 (11) + 3 − 5 (11) = 14
r = 8 − 3.7 66 + 3 − 55 = 14
r = 4.3 14 = 14
Check:
4.3 + 3.7 = 8
8=8
46. −3x − 5 + 4x = 9
x−5= 9
x = 14
42. x +10.6 = −9
Check:
x = −9 − 10.6
−3 (14 ) − 5 + (14 ) = 9
x = −19.6
−42 − 5 + 56 = 9
Check:
−49 + 56 = 9
−19.6 +10.6 = −9
9=9
−9 = −9
The solution set is −19.6 .
47. 7 − 5x + 8 + 2x + 4x − 3 = 2 + 3⋅ 5
43. −3.7 + m = −3.7
x +12 = 17
m = −3.7 + 3.7
x=5
m=0
Check:
Check: 7 − 5(5) + 8 + 2(5) + 4(5) − 3 = 2 + 3⋅ 5
−3.7 + 0 = −3.7
17 = 17
−3.7 = −3.7
The solution set is {5} .
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48. 13 − 3r + 2 + 6r − 2r − 1 = 3 + 2 9 52. 20 − 7s = 26 − 8s
( −3r + 6r − 2r ) + (13 + 2 − 1) = 3 +18 20 − 7s + 8s = 26 − 8s + 8s
r +14 = 21 20 + s = 26
r +14 − 14 = 21− 14 20 − 20 + s = 26 − 20
r=7 s=6
Check: Check:
13 − 3 ( 7 ) + 2 + 6 ( 7 ) − 2 ( 7 ) −1 = 3 + 2  9 20 − 7 ( 6) = 26 − 8 ( 6 )
13 − 21+ 2 + 42 −14 −1 = 3 +18 20 − 42 = 26 − 48
21 = 21 −22 = −22
The solution set is 7 . The solution set is 6 .
49. 7y + 4 = 6y − 9 53. 4x + 2 = 3 ( x − 6) + 8
7 y − 6 y + 4 = −9 4x + 2 = 3x − 18 + 8
y = −9 − 4 4x + 2 = 3x − 10
y = −13 4x − 3x + 2 = −10
Check: x + 2 = −10
7 ( −13) + 4 = 6 ( −13) − 9
x = −10 − 2
−91+ 4 = −78 − 9
x = −12
−87 = −87 Check:
The solution set is −13 . 4 ( −12 ) + 2 = 3 ( −12 − 6 ) + 8
−48 + 2 = 3 ( −18) + 8
50. 4r − 3 = 5 + 3r
−46 = −54 + 8
4r − 3 − 3r = 5 + 3r − 3r
−46 = −46
r−3=5 The solution set is −12 .
r − 3+ 3 = 5+ 3
r=8 54. 7x + 3 = 6 ( x −1) + 9
Check: 7x + 3 = 6x − 6 + 9
4 (8) − 3 = 5 + 3 ( 8)
7x + 3 = 6x + 3
32 − 3 = 5 + 24
x+3= 3
29 = 29
x=0
The solution set is 8 . Check:
7 ( 0 ) + 3 = 6 ( 0 − 1) + 9
51. 12 − 6x = 18 − 7x
0 + 3 = 6 ( −1) + 9
12 + x = 18
3 = −6 + 9
x=6
3= 3
Check:
12 − 6 ( 6) = 18 − 7 ( 6) The solution set is 0 .
12 − 36 = 18 − 42 55. x− =
−24 = −24 x− + = +
The solution set is 6 . x= +
56. x+ =
x+ − = −
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x= −
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57. 2x + = 3x 64. C = 520, S = 650

+ C+M = S
= 3x − 2 x 520 + M = 650
+ M = 650 − 520
= x+ M = 130
− =x The markup is $130.
+ −
− =
x
58. 6x − = 7x −
6x − − 6x = 7x − − 65. a. p − 0.8x = 25
6x p − 0.8(30) = 25
− = x− p − 24 = 25
p = 49
− + = x− According to the formula, 49% of U.S. college
59. freshman had an average grade of A in high
+
school in 2010.
− = This overestimates the value given in the bar
x graph by 1%.
p − 0.8x = 25
60. x − 12 = −2
b.
x = −2 +12 p − 0.8(40) = 25
x = 10 p − 32 = 25
The number is 10. p = 57
According to the formula, 57% of U.S. college
x − 23 = −8
x − 23 + 23 = −8 + 23
x = 15
The number is 15.
2 7 freshman had an average grade of A in high

61. x −8 = x school in 2020.
5 5
7 2
−8 = x − x 66. a. p − 0.8x = 25
5 5
5 p − 0.8(20) = 25
−8 = x
5 p − 16 = 25
−8 = x p = 41
The number is −8 . According to the formula, 41% of U.S. college
freshman had an average grade of A in high
2 5
62. 3− x = x
7 7
2 2 5 2
3− x + x = x + x
63. 7 7 7 7
7
3= x
7
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3school in 2000.
=This underestimates the value
xgiven in the bar graph by 2%.
The
numb b.
er is
3.
p
S=
1850, −
M= 0
150 .
C+ 8
M= x
S
=
C
2
+150
= 5
1850 p
C −
= 0
1 .
8
8
5
0 (
− 5
1 0
5 )
0
=
C
= 2
1 5
7 p
0 −
0
4
The
cost of 0
the =
compu 2
ter is 5
$1700.
p=
65
According to the formula,
65% of U.S. college freshman
had an average grade of A in
high school in 2030.
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67. a. According to the line graph, the U.S. diversity 80. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary.
index was about 55 in 2010. 18
A sample change is: If 3x = 18, then x = = 6.
3
b. 2010 is 30 years after 1980.
I − 0.7x = 34 81. Answers will vary. An example is: x − 100 = −101
I − 0.7(30) = 34
I − 21 = 34 82. x − 7.0463 = −9.2714

I = 55 x = −9.2714 + 7.0463
According to the formula, the U.S. diversity x = −2.2251
index was 55 in 2010. The solution set is −2.2251 .
This matches the line graph very well.
68. a. According to the line graph, the U.S. diversity 83. 6.9825 = 4.2296 + y
index was about 47 in 2000. 6.9825 − 4.2296 = y
b. 2000 is 20 years after 1980. 2.7529 = y
I − 0.7x = 34 The solution set is 2.7529 .
I − 0.7(20) = 34
I − 14 = 34 84.
9
− 4x
I = 48 x
According to the formula, the U.S. diversity
index was 48 in 2000. 85. −16 − 8  4  ( −2 ) = −16 − 2  ( −2 )
This matches the line graph very well. = −16 + ( −2 )( −2 )
69. – 71. Answers will vary. = −16 + 4

= −12
72. The adjective linear means that the points lie on a
line. 86. 3 7x − 2 ( 5x − 1) = 3 7x − 10x + 2 
73. does not make sense; Explanations will vary. = 3 −3x + 2 

Sample explanation: It does not matter whether the = −9x + 6 or 6 − 9x
number is added beside or below, as long as it is
added to both sides of the equation. 5 x x

87. 5 =  = x
74. makes sense 5 1 5
75. makes sense −7 y

88. =y
−7
76. makes sense
89. 3x − 14 = −2x + 6
77. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary.
A sample change is: If y − a = −b , then y = a − b . 3(4) − 14 = −2(4) + 6
12 − 14 = −8 + 6
78. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary. −2 = −2, true
A sample change is: If y + 7 = 0, then y = −7. Yes, 4 is a solution of the equation.
79. true
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2.2 Check Points 7

b. 28 = − x
4
x 4 7 
1. = 12 4
3 −  28 = −  − x 
7 7 4 
x
3 = 12  3 −16 = 1x
3
1x = 36 −16 = x

x = 36
Check:
x 4. a. −x = 5
= 12 −1x = 5
3
36 (−1)(−1x) = (−1)5
= 12
3 1x = −5
12 = 12 x = −5
The solution set is 36 . The solution set is −5 .
2. a. 4 x = 84 b. − x = −3
4 x 84 −1x = −3 (−1)(−1x)
=
4 4
= (−1)(−3)
1x = 21
1x = 3
x = 21
The solution set is 21 . x=3
b. −11y = 44
5. 4x + 3 = 27
−11 y 44
= 4x + 3 − 3 = 27 − 3
−11 −11
4x = 24
1x = −4
4 x 24
x = −4 =
4 4
x=6
c. −15.5 = 5z
−15.5 5z −4 y − 15 = 25
= 6.
5 5
−4 y − 15 +15 = 25 +15
−3.1 = 1z
−4 y = 40
−3.1 = z
−4 y 40
The solution set is −3.1 . =
−4 −4
2 y = −10
y = 16
3. a.
3
32  3
y = 16
2 3 2
1y = 24
y = 24
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Chapter 2 Linear Equations and Inequalities in One Variable Section 2.2 The Multiplication Property of Equality
7. 2x −15 = −4x + 21 5
5. multiplying;
2x + 4x − 15 = −4x + 4x + 21 3
6x − 15 = 21
6. multiplying/dividing; −1
6x − 15 +15 = 21+15
6x = 36 7. subtracting 2; dividing; 5
6x 36
=
6 6
x=6 2.2 Exercise Set
x
1. =5
8. a. The bar graph indicates that the median weekly 6
earnings for men with a bachelor’s degree and x
6  = 6 5
higher in 2013 was $1395. Since 2013 is 33 6
years after 1980, substitute 33 into the formula 1x = 30
for n.
M = 29n + 427 x = 30
Check:
M = 29(33) + 427
30
M = 957 + 427 =5
6
M = 1384 5=5
The formula indicates that the median weekly The solution set is 30 .
earnings for men with a bachelor’s degree and
higher in 2013 was $1384. The formula
x
underestimates by $11. 2. =4
7
b. M = 29n + 427 x
7 = 7 4
1442 = 29n + 427 7
1442 − 427 = 29n + 427 − 427 x = 28
Check:
1015 = 29n
28
1015 29n =4
= 7
29 29
4=4
35 = n
The formula estimates that 35 years after 1980, The solution set is 28 .
or in 2015, the median weekly earnings for men
with a bachelor’s degree and higher will be x
$1442. 3. = 11
−3
x
−3 = −3 (11)
−3
2.2 Concept and Vocabulary Check 1x = −33
x = −33
1. bc
Check:
2. divide −33
= 11
−3
3. multiplying; 7 11 = 11
4. dividing; −8 The solution set is −33 .
1
Alternatively, multiplying; −
8
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x 9. −28 = 8z
4. =8
−5 −28 8z
x =
−5 = 8 ( −5) 8 8
−5 7
− =z
x = −40 2
Check: Check:
−40  7
=8 −28 = 8 −
−5 2
8=8 56
−28 = −
The solution set is −40 . 2
−28 = −28
5. 5 y = 35  7  1
The solution set is −  . or −3  .
5y 35 2 2
=    
5 5
y=7 10. −36 = 8z
Check: −36 8z
=
5 ( 7 ) = 35 8 8
35 = 35 9
− =z
The solution set is 7 . 2
Check:
 9
6. 6 y = 42 −36 = 8 −
 2
6 y 42
= −36 = −36
6 6
y=7  9
 
Check: 2
 
6 ( 7 ) = 42
11. −18 = −3z
42 = 42
−18 −3z
The solution set is 7 . =
−3 −3
6= z
7. −7 y = 63
Check:
−7 y 63
= −18 = −3 ( 6)
−7 −7
−18 = −18
y = −9
−7 ( −9 ) = 63
63 = 63 12. −54 = −9z
−54 −9 z
The solution set is −9 . =
−9 −9
−4 y = 32 −4 y 32
8. =
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6 Check:
= −54 = −9 ( 6 )
z
−4 −4
y = −8 −54 = −54
−4 ( −8) = 32
32 = 32
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13. −8x = 6 2
17. y = 12
−8 x 6 3
=
−8 −8 32  3
y = (12 )
 
6 3 2 3  2
x=− =−
8 4 3 12 36
Check: 1y =  =
2 1 2
 3 y = 18
−8 − =6
4
Check:
24 2
4
=6 (18) = 12
3
6=6 36 = 12
3
 3
The solution set is −  . 12 = 12
4
 
14. −8x = 4
−8 x 3
=
4 18. y = 15
4
−8 −8
43  4
4
x=− =−
1 y = (15)
8 2 3 4 3
Check: 4 15 60
1y =  =
 1 3 1 3
−8 − =4
2  y = 20
4=4 Check:
3
 1
( 20) = 15
4
 
 2 3 20
 −15
4 1
15. 17 y = 0
60
= 15
17 y 0
= 4
17 17 15 = 15
y=0
Check:
17 ( 0) = 0
0=0 19. 28 = − 7 x
2
The solution set is 0 . − ( 28) = − 2 − 7 x
2
7 7 2 ( )
16. −16 y = 0 − 56 = 1x
7
−16 y 0 −8 = x
=
−16 −16 Check:
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y=0 7
Check:
28 = − ( −8)
2
−16 ( 0 ) = 0 56
28 =
0=0 2
The solution set is 0 . 28 = 28

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5 24. −51 = − y
20. 20 = − x
8 −51 −y
=
−1 −1
20) = −  − x 
8 8 5
−
5 ( 5 8 51 = y
160 Check:
− = 1x
5 −51 = −51
−32 = x The solution set is 51 .
Check:
5 x
20 = −
8
( −32) 25. −
5
= −9
 x
= 5 ( −9 )
160
20 = 5 −

5
8
20 = 20 − x = −45
The solution set is −32 . x = 45
Check:
21. − x = 17 45
− = −9
−1x = 17 5
−1 ( −1x ) = −1 (17 ) −9 = −9
x = −17 The solution set is 45 .
Check:
− ( −17 ) = 17 26. −
x
= −1
17 = 17 5
 x
The solution set is −17 . −5 − = −5 ( −1)

5
22. − x = 23 x=5
−1x = 23 Check:
5
−1 ( −1x ) = −1 ( 23) − = −1
5
x = −23 −1 = −1
Check:
− ( −23) = 23
23 = 23
27. 2x −12x = 50
(2 −12 ) x = 50
23. −47 = − y −10x = 50
−47 = −1(− y) −10 x 50
=
−10 −10
−1(−47) = −1(−1)(− y)
x = −5
47 = y Check:
Check: −47 = −(47)

−47 = − y
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−47 = −47 2 ( −5) −12 ( −5) = 50

The solution set is 47 . −10 + 60 = 50
50 = 50
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28. 8x − 3x = −45 31. 2x − 3 = 9

8x + ( −3x ) = −45 2x − 3 + 3 = 9 + 3
5x = −45 2 x = 12
5x −45 2 x 12
=
=
5 5 2 2
x = −9 x=6
Check: Check:
8 ( −9 ) − 3 ( −9 ) = −45 2 ( 6) − 3 = 9
−72 + 27 = −45 12 − 3 = 9
−45 = −45 9=9
The solution set is −9 . The solution set is 6 .
29. 2x +1 = 11 32. 3x − 2 = 9
2x +1− 1 = 11−1 3x − 2 + 2 = 9 + 2
2x = 10 3x = 11
2x 10 3x 11
= =
2 2 3 3
x=5 11
x=
Check: 3
2 ( 5) +1 = 11 Check:
10 +1 = 11 11 
3 =9
11 = 11 3
The solution set is 5 . 11− 2 = 9
9=9
30. 2x + 5 = 13  11 
2x + 5 − 5 = 13 − 5 3
2x = 8
33. −2 y + 5 = 7
2x 8
= −2 y + 5 − 5 = 7 − 5
2 2
x=4 −2 y = 2
Check: −2 y 2
=
2 ( 4) + 5 = 13 2 −2
8 + 5 = 13 y = −1
13 = 13 Check:
−2 ( −1) + 5 = 7
2+5 = 7
7=7
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34. −3y + 4 = 13 37. 12 = 4z + 3

−3 y + 4 − 4 = 13 − 4 12 − 3 = 4z + 3 − 3
−3y = 9 9 = 4z
−3 y 9 9 4z
= =
−3 −3 4 4
y = −3 9
=z
Check: 4
−3 ( −3) + 4 = 13 Check:
9 + 4 = 13  9
12 = 4 +3
13 = 13 4
12 = 9 + 3
12 = 12
35. −3y − 7 = −1 9
−3 y − 7 + 7 = −1+ 7 4
−3y = 6
38. 14 = 5z − 21
−3 y 6
= 14 + 21 = 5z − 21+ 21
−3 −3
y = −2 35 = 5z
Check: 35 5z
=
−3 ( −2 ) − 7 = −1 5 5
6 − 7 = −1 7= z
−1 = −1 Check:
14 = 5 ( 7 ) − 21
14 = 35 − 21
36. −2 y − 5 = 7 14 = 14
−2 y − 5 + 5 = 7 + 5 The solution set is 7 .
−2 y = 12
39. −x − 3 = 3
−2 y 12
= −x − 3+ 3 = 3+ 3
−2 −2
y = −6 −x = 6
Check: x = −6
−2 ( −6) − 5 = 7 Check:
12 − 5 = 7 − ( −6) − 3 = 3
7=7 6−3= 3
3= 3
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−x − 5 = 5 43. 3z = −2z − 15
40. − x − 5 + 5 = 5 + 5 3z + 2z = −2z − 15 + 2z
− x = 10 5z = −15
x = −10 5z −15
=
Check: 5 3
− ( −10) − 5 = 5 z = −3
10 − 5 = 5 Check:
5=5 3 ( −3) = −2 ( −3) − 15
The solution set is −10 . −9 = 6 − 15
−9 = −9
41. 6 y = 2 y − 12 The solution set is −3 .
6 y +12 = 2 y − 12 +12
6 y +12 = 2 y 44. 2z = −4z +18
6 y +12 − 6 y = 2 y − 6 y 2z + 4z = −4z +18 + 4z
12 = −4 y 6z = 18
12 −4 y 6 z 18
=
=
−4 −4 6 6
−3 = y z=3
Check: Check:
6 ( −3) = 2 ( −3) − 12 2 (3) = −4 ( 3) +18

−18 = −6 − 12 6 = −12 +18
−18 = −18 6=6
42. 8 y = 3y − 10 45. −5x = −2x −12

8 y − 3y = 3y − 10 − 3y −5x + 2x = −2x −12 + 2x
5 y = −10 −3x = −12
5 y −10 −3x −12
= =
5 5 3 −3
y = −2 x=4
Check: Check:
8 ( −2 ) = 3 ( −2) − 10 −5 ( 4 ) = 2 ( 4 ) − 12
−16 = −6 − 16 −20 = −8 − 12
−16 = −16 −20 = −20
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46. −7x = −3x − 8 49. 6z − 5 = z + 5

−7x + 3x = −3x − 8 + 3x 6z − 5 − z = z + 5 − z
−4x = −8 5z − 5 = 5
−4 x −8 5z − 5 + 5 = 5 + 5
=
−4 −4 5z = 10
x=2 5z 10
=
Check: 5 5
−7 ( 2 ) = −3 ( 2 ) − 8 z=2
−14 = −6 − 8 Check:
−14 = −14 6 ( 2) − 5 = 2 + 5
The solution set is 2 . 12 − 5 = 2 + 5
7=7
47. 8y + 4 = 2y − 5 The solution set is 2 .
8y + 4 − 2y = 2y − 5− 2y
6 y + 4 = −5 50. 6z − 3 = z + 2
6 y + 4 − 4 = −5 − 4 6z − 3 − z = z + 2 − z
6 y = −9 5z − 3 = 2
6 y −9 5z − 3 + 3 = 2 + 3
=
6 6 5z = 5
3
y=− 5z 5
=
2 5 5
Check:
z =1
 3  3
8 − +4 = 2 − −5 Check:
2 2 6 (1) − 3 = 1 + 2
−12 + 4 = −3 − 5
6−3= 3
−8 = −8
3= 3
 3 The solution set is 1 .
 
 2
48. 5 y + 6 = 3y − 6
5 y + 6 − 3y = 3y − 6 − 3 y
2 y + 6 = −6
2 y + 6 − 6 = −6 − 6
2 y = −12
2 y −12
=
2 2
y = −6
Check:
5 ( −6 ) + 6 = 3 ( −6 ) − 6
−30 + 6 = −18 − 6
−24 = −24
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51.
6x +14 =
2x − 2
6x − 2x +14 = −2
4x = −2 − 14
4
x
=
−
1
6
x
=
−
4
Check:
6 ( −4 ) +14 = 2 ( −4 ) − 2
−
2
4
+
1
4
=
−
8
−
2
−
1
0
=
−
1
0
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52. 9x + 2 = 6x − 4 56. = x
9x + 2 − 6x = 6x − 4 − 6x Δ x
=
3x + 2 = −4
Δ
3x + 2 − 2 = −4 − 2 =x
3x = −6
3x −6 57. = −x
=
3 3 ( −1) = − x ( −1)
x = −2 − = x
Check:
9 ( −2 ) + 2 = 6 ( −2 ) − 4 −x
58. =Δ
−18 + 2 = −12 − 4
−16 = −16 −x
−  =− Δ
x=−  Δ
53. −3 y − 1 = 5 − 2 y
59. 6x = 10
−3 y + 2 y − 1 = 5
6x 10
− y = 5 +1 =
6 6
−y = 6 10 5
y = −6 x= =
6 3
Check: 5
−3 ( −6 ) − 1 = 5 − 2 ( −6 ) The number is
3
.
18 − 1 = 5 +12
17 = 17 60. −6  x = 20
−6 x 20
The solution set is −6 . =
−6 −6
10
54. −3 y − 2 = −5 − 4 y x=−
3
−3 y − 2 + 4 y = −5 − 4 y + 4 y
10
y − 2 = −5 x
y − 2 + 2 = −5 + 2 =
y = −3
61.
Check:
−3 ( −3) − 2 = −5 − 4 ( −3)
9 − 2 = −5 +12
7=7
x 62.
55. =
x
 = 
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T i
h
e s
n −
u
m 5
b 6
e
r .
i
s
−
.
3
x
=
5
−9
x
(−9 ) = 5 ( −9)
−9
x
=
−
4
5
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
i
s
−
4
5
.
x
=
8
−7
x
−7  = −7 8
−7
x
=
−
5
6
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
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63. 4x − 8 = 56 n
68. M=
4x − 8 + 8 = 56 + 8 5
4x = 64 3=
n
4x 64 5
=
n
4 4 5 ( 3) = 5
x = 16 5
The number is 16. 15 = n
If you are 3 miles away from the lightning flash, it
64. 3x − 10 = 23 will take 15 seconds for the sound of thunder to
3x − 10 +10 = 23 +10 reach you.
3x = 33
A
3x 33 69. M=
= 740
3 3 A
x = 11 2.03 =
740
The number is 11.
A
740 ( 2.03) = 740 
65. −3x +15 = −6 740
1502.2 = A
−3x +15 − 15 = −6 −15
The speed of the Concorde is 1502.2 miles per hour.
−3x = −21
−3x −21 A
= 70. M=
−3 −3 740
x=7 A
The number is 7. 3.3 =
740
A
66. −5x +11 = −29 740 ( 3.3) = 740 
740
−5x +11−11 = −29 −11
2442 = A
−5x = −40 The speed of the SR-71 Blackbird is 2442 miles per
−5x −40 hour.
=
−5 −5
71. a. The bar graph indicates the median weekly
x=8 earnings, in 2013, for men with some college or
The number is 8.
an associate’s degree is $858. Since 2013 is 33
n years after 1980, substitute 33 into the formula
67. M= for n.
5
M = 15n + 358
n
2= M = 15(33) + 358
5
 n M = 853
5 ( 2) = 5 The formula indicates the median weekly
5 earnings, in 2013, for men with some college or
10 = n an associate’s degree is $853. The formula
If you are 2 miles away from the lightning flash, it underestimates by $5.
will take 10 seconds for the sound of thunder to
reach you. b. M = 15n + 358
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1033 = 15n + 358

675 = 15n
45 = n
The formula indicates the median weekly
earnings for men with some college or an
associate’s degree will reach $1033 45 years after
1980, or in 2025.
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72. a. The bar graph indicates the median weekly both sides of this equation by −60 (since we will
earnings, in 2013, for women with some college divide both sides of the equation by −60 to solve).
or an associate’s degree is $657. Since 2013 is For example, suppose we want the solution to be 3.
33 years after 1980, substitute 33 into the We set x equal to this value and write x = 3.
formula for n. Now multiply both sides of the equation by −60 .
W = 13n + 231 x=3
W = 13(33) + 231 −60  x = −60 3
W = 660 −60x = −180
The formula indicates the median weekly So, our equation is −60x = −180 and the solution is
earnings, in 2013, for women with some college
3 (an integer).
or an associate’s degree is $660. The formula
overestimates by $3. 85. Answers will vary. As an example, start with an
integer solution, such as 10, and set it equal to x.
b. W = 13n + 231 That is, we have x = 10 . The solution was obtained
777 = 13n + 231 4
by multiplying both sides by . To undo this, we
546 = 13n 5
42 = n multiply both sides of our equation by the
5 5 5
. This gives, x = (10)
The formula indicates the median weekly
reciprocal,
earnings for women with some college or an 4 4 4
associate’s degree will reach $777 42 years after 5 25
1980, or in 2022. x=
4 2
73. – 75. Answers will vary. 5 25
Therefore, an example equation would be x= .
4 2
76. does not make sense; Explanations will vary.
Sample explanation: The addition property of 86. 3.7x − 19.46 = −9.988
equality is not necessary for this equation. 3.7x = −9.988 +19.46
77. does not make sense; Explanations will vary. 3.7x = 9.472
Sample explanation: When you subtract 12 from 3.7x = 9.472

12 − 3x, you should obtain −3x, not positive 3x. 3.7 3.7
x = 2.56
78. makes sense
79. does not make sense; Explanations will vary.
Sample explanation: To determine the price in 87. −72.8 y − 14.6 = −455.43 − 4.98 y
2009, substitute 69 in for n and simplify.
−72.8 y − 14.6 + 4.98 y =
80. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary. − 455.43 − 4.98 y + 4.98 y
A sample change is: If 7x = 21, then
7 x 21
= = 3. −67.82 y −14.6 = −455.43
7 7 −67.82 y − 14.6 +14.6 = −455.43 +14.6
81. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary. −67.82 y = −440.83
A sample change is: If 3x − 4 = 16, then 3x = 20. −67.82 y −440.83
=
−67.82 −67.82
82. false; Changes to make the statement true will vary. y = 6.5
A sample change is: If 3x + 7 = 0, then
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−7
3x = −7 and x = .
3
88. ( −10)2 = ( −10)( −10) = 100
83. true
2 2
89. −10 = −110 = −1 (10 )(10 ) = −100

84. Answers will vary. Start by selecting the integer
answer and set x equal to this value. Then, multiply
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90. x 3 − 4x = ( −1)3 − 4 ( −1) 3. Simplify the algebraic expression on each side.

4(2x +1) − 29 = 3(2x − 5)
= −1+ 4 8x + 4 − 29 = 6x − 15
=3 8x − 25 = 6x − 15
91. 13 − 3( x + 2) = 13 − 3x − 6 Collect variable terms on one side and constant

terms on the other side.
= −3x + 7
8x − 6x − 25 = 6x − 6x − 15
92. 2(x − 3) −17 = 13 − 3(x + 2) 2x − 25 = −15
2(6 − 3) −17 = 13 − 3(6 + 2) 2x − 25 + 25 = −15 + 25
2(3) −17 = 13 − 3(8) 2x = 10
6 −17 = 13 − 24 Isolate the variable and solve.
2 x 10
−11 = −11, true =
2 2
Yes, 6 is a solution of the equation. x=5
x 39  x 39 The solution set is 5 .

93. 10 − = 10  − 10 
5 5 5 5
= 2x − 78 4. Begin by multiplying both sides of the equation by
12, the least common denominator.
x 2x 5
= +
4 3 6
2.3 Check Points
x  2x 5 
12  = 12  + 
 
1. Simplify the algebraic expression on each side. 4 3 6
−7 x + 25 + 3x = 16 − 2x − 3 x 2x 5
12  = 12  +12 
−4x + 25 = 13 − 2x 4 3 6
Collect variable terms on one side and constant 3x = 8x +10

−4x + 25 = 13 − 2x 3x − 8x = 8x − 8x +10
−4 x + 25 + 2x = 13 − 2x + 2x −5x = 10
−2x + 25 = 13 −5x 10
=
−5 −5
−2x + 25 − 25 = 13 − 25
−2x = −12 6x = 12
Isolate the variable and solve.
−2 x −12
=
−2 −2
x=6
2. Simplify the algebraic expression on each side.

8x = 2( x + 6)
8x = 2 x +12
Collect variable terms on one side and constant
8x − 2x = 2x − 2x +12
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Another random document with
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LAVINGTON, pseud.). Your psychic powers and
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20–5132
The author warns the reader that the views presented in the
present volume are not necessarily his own but constitute the body of
traditional and accepted theories on spiritualism and psychic
phenomena. He has tentatively and for the sake of argument adopted
the “spiritistic hypothesis” to set forth the possibilities that it
contains. This course has been warranted, he claims, by the newer
researches and conclusions in the field of psychical research. He also
believes that the bulk of the material contained in the book is sound
and helpful and that in following the practical instructions the reader
cannot go far wrong. A partial list of the contents is: How to develop;
Fear and how to banish it; The subconscious; The spirit world; The
cultivation of spiritual gifts; The human aura; Symbolism; Telepathy;
Clairvoyance; Dreams; Automatic writing; Crystal gazing and shell-
hearing; Spiritual healing; Trance; Obsession and insanity; Prayer,
concentration and silence; Hypnotism and mesmerism;
Reincarnation and eastern philosophy; The ethics of spiritualism;
Physical phenomena; Materialization; Advanced studies.
“Perhaps gives insufficient warning to the amateur, who

nevertheless will usually find results not as readily forthcoming as
the recipes might imply.”
+ − Booklist 16:256 My ’20
“It is without question the best and most complete, the clearest
and the most sensibly compiled compendium of ‘dippy’ lore that we
have read.” B: de Casseres
+ N Y Times 25:189 Ap 18 ’20 450w
“As a statement of the spiritistic position the volume is accurate,

careful, thorough, if never once for a single moment illuminating or
inspiring.”
+ − The Times [London] Lit Sup p555 Ag

26 ’20 500w
CARROLL, ROBERT SPROUL. Our nervous

friends; illustrating the mastery of nervousness. *$2
Macmillan 616
19–18395
“In a series of short stories Dr Carroll, who is medical director of

the Highland hospital in Asheville, describes typical cases of nervous
pathology—chiefly among the well-to-do—indicating clearly in each
case the causes of the condition and how it might have been avoided
or overcome.”—Survey
“Another of the encouraging but by no means coddling books

which the nervous patient and his friends may read with profit.”
+ Booklist 16:191 Mr ’20

Brooklyn 12:85 F ’20 30w
Survey 43:657 F 28 ’20 50w
CARSWELL, CATHERINE. Open the door. *$2

(1c) Harcourt
20–10736
This novel adds one more to the list of recent books about women
by women of which “Mary Olivier” is perhaps the most noted
example. It is the story of Joanna Bannerman, altho it is some little
time before Joanna’s story emerges from that of the Bannerman
family. Indeed it is never entirely distinct from it. The Bannerman
children grow up in an atmosphere of narrow religiosity, bordering
on mysticism and ecstasy. Joanna’s after life is a reaction from her
early environment. As a girl she dreams of love, which to her means
adventure, escape, possession of the world. She seeks realization of
her dreams, first in marriage with Mario Rasponi, who takes her to
Italy, then in illicit union with Louis Pender, an artist, and finally, in
her second marriage with Lawrence Urquhart, finds fulfillment of
life.
“It is head and shoulders above the class of books which are
commonly called ‘best-sellers,’ it makes a genuine appeal to the
intelligence as well as the emotions, and we do not doubt for an
instant that it was inspired by the author’s love of writing for
writing’s sake.” K. M.
+ − Ath p831 Je 25 ’20 700w

“The novel can stand without difficulty upon its own merits. This
does not mean that it lacks entirely certain earmarks of the beginner.
It has on the other hand much that more than makes up for a
stiffness of movement which betokens the amateur. Miss Carswell
will undoubtedly handle her material more easily in the future but it
is questionable whether she will be able at that time to bring to a
book the freshness of interest and unconventionality of phrase which
attracts us strongly here.” D. L. M.
+ Boston Transcript p6 Jl 17 ’20 550w
“She does not succeed, perhaps, in drawing merely a normal

woman normally, but with great competence she portrays a slightly
neurotic heroine of somewhat unusually varied experience,
understandingly and with conviction. It is in the conventional happy
ending alone that the story fails. In its penetration to the secret
springs of character and conduct, in its visualization of persons and
interrelated groups, in its mastery of line and its sureness of phrase,
this is no amateur effort but a first novel of some moment,
provocative of thought and expectation.” H. S. H.
+ Freeman 1:598 S 1 ’20 900w
“Joanna and her story remain vivid and delightful and have a
touch of epic breadth and richness.” Ludwig Lewisohn
+ Nation 111:134 Jl 31 ’20 170w
“Sex interests without haunting or obsessing or torturing her. Miss

Carswell is in the happy position of one who is naturally frank and
naturally decent. Her decency and her frankness are not at war.
‘Open the door’ is quite sure to fasten many readers’ eyes upon Miss
Carswell. She can do love and landscape and character. It is more
than a remarkable first novel. It is a remarkable novel.” Silas
+ − New Repub 23:258 Jl 28 ’20 1000w

N Y Times 25:23 Jl 11 ’20 650w
“Her work has many striking qualities: energy, a rich profusion of

characters clearly seen and relentlessly portrayed, and a thoroughly
modern treatment of that all-absorbing theme of today—the duel of
the generations. One is inclined to think that she has put too much
into her book. She leaves too little to the imagination, with the result
that very few of her characters engage the affection of the reader.”
+ − Spec 125:151 Jl 31 ’20 600w
“Few have gone further in the successful analysis of motives than

the authoress of this interesting novel.”
+ − The Times [London] Lit Sup p301 My

13 ’20 360w
CARTER, ARTHUR HAZELTON, and

ARNOLD, ARCHIBALD VINCENT. Field
artillery instruction. il *$6.50 Putnam 358
20–10616
“A complete manual of instruction for prospective field artillery

officers.” (Sub-title) Contents: Physical instruction; Dismounted drill
and military courtesies; Matériel; Drill of the gun squad; Fire
discipline; Field gunnery; Conduct of fire; Communication;
Orientation and topography: Reconnaissance; Horses and their care;
Riding and driving; Cleaning and care of equipment; Entraining and
detraining. There are 272 illustrations, two appendices and an index.
The work is based on the authors’ experience at the Field artillery
central officers training school, Camp Zachary Taylor, Kentucky.
+ The Times [London] Lit Sup p802 D 2

’20 60w
CARTHAGE, PHILIP I. Retail organization and

accounting control. *$3 (4c) Appleton 658
20–20957
This book covers the subject of accounting as applied to the

department store, specialty shop and retail store of any description.
The author says: “I have long felt the need of a text book on
department store procedure, and have endeavored to render my
book useful by its treatment of accounting, management and
systems. Theory is entirely eliminated. Practical application and
experience are its governing features.” (Introd.) Contents: Books in
use and procedure; Books in use; Sales checks and return checks;
Auditing; Balance sheet (three chapters); Turnover; Merchandising
(two chapters); Profit and loss; Burden; Profit and loss; Alteration
department. The book is illustrated with fifty-eight forms (tables,
charts, etc.) and is indexed.
[2]
CARVER, THOMAS NIXON. Elementary
economics. il $1.72 Ginn 330
“It is the purpose of this book to examine the economic

foundations of our national welfare and to point out some of the
simpler and more direct methods of strengthening these
foundations.” (Introd.) There is a topical treatment of the chapters,
after the manner of textbooks, under which each topic is briefly
explained and a list of exercise questions at the end of each chapter.
The divisions of the book are: What makes a nation prosperous;
Economizing labor; The productive activities; Exchange; Dividing
the product of industry; The consumption of wealth; Reform. The
book is indexed and illustrated.
CASTIER, JULES. Rather like.... *$2.25 (3c)

Lippincott 847
(Eng ed 20–682)
“Rather like” is a book of parodies on English authors, written by a

Frenchman while interned in a German prison camp. Before
bringing out the work the English publisher submitted a proof of
each parody to the author parodied and the comments received in
reply are printed in an introductory note. The sketches are genuine
parodies, not burlesques. Among them are G. K. Chesterton: What’s
maddening about man; A. Conan Doyle: The footprints on the
ceiling; John Galsworthy: Punishment; Charles Garvice: The power
of love; W. W. Jacobs: The yellow pipe; Rudyard Kipling: The song of
the penny whistle; G. Bernard Shaw: The exploiters.
“These parodies are highly creditable as the work of a foreigner,
but they are not really effective. One can recognize the subjects of the
parodies, but the author adopts the long-nose method in
exaggerating none but the obvious features.”
+ − Ath p94 Ja 16 ’20 90w

+ − The Times [London] Lit Sup p764 D 18
’19 800w
CASTLE, AGNES (SWEETMAN) (MRS

EGERTON CASTLE), and CASTLE, EGERTON.
John Seneschal’s Margaret. *$2 (2½c) Appleton
20–17318
John Tempest and John Seneschal, comrades and strangely alike,

suffer untold agonies imprisoned together in Turkey. Seneschal
finally breaks under the strain and is buried in the wilderness by
Tempest. So much the prologue tells. The story proper begins with a
hospital in London. Tempest is a patient here and as a result of a
head wound is suffering from loss of memory. He is identified by the
Seneschal family as their son and heir and taken to their home. He is
horribly aware that this is all wrong but cannot recall his own
identity and his fixed belief that John Seneschal is dead is considered
one of the delusions of his mental condition. The one other certainty
that he clings to is the face and name of Margaret—and Margaret was
Seneschal’s childhood sweetheart. In all the confusion of his clouded
mind she seems the one thing that is true and real. After rest and
care and love have been given him, his mind suddenly clears and he
knows that he is John Tempest usurping the place of John Seneschal.
Complete recollection brings problems whose solution taxes all the
love and honor of John Tempest’s manhood, but from which he
emerges true blue.
“We may be glad of this—that the book with which Egerton Castle
has bidden us farewell is not only artistically worthy of one who
loved and respected his art, but contains a depth and richness of
feeling far beyond that of any of the blithe tales preceding it, while in
all the long line of his heroines there is not one finer or more lovable
than she who was ‘John Seneschal’s Margaret.’” L. M. Field
+ N Y Times p22 N 14 ’20 1000w
“Entertaining and vigorous narrative.”
+ Springf’d Republican p5a Ja 30 ’21

450w
“The story is indeed one of the best productions of Mr and Mrs

Egerton Castle.”
+ The Times [London] Lit Sup p741 N 11

’20 150w
CASTLE, AGNES (SWEETMAN) (MRS

EGERTON CASTLE), and CASTLE, EGERTON.
[2]
Little hours in great days. *$2 Dutton
“The latest volume by Agnes and Egerton Castle, ‘Little hours in

great days,’ is one of domestic thrills such as the Castles know how to
evoke so well. It is a continuation in spirit and in form of their ‘Little
house in war time,’ with the difference explained. ‘The little house,
after many vicissitudes, stands, even as the world stands today, upon
a return to order and new kindly hopes.’ The Castles have a gardener,
now that such men are luxuriously possible, and ensuing chapters
reveal in a quiet way the joys of gardening and a gardener. Some
chapters are by one writer and some by the other; from long
association their style is uniform, and in these garden chapters
difficult to attribute—if we had not been told. As with other English
writers who cannot quickly forget the war, better chapters follow,
‘Tommy at war’ and ‘The soul of the soldier,’ for example, which take
up and also look back upon the man in khaki after November,
1918.”—Boston Transcript
Ath p29 Ja 2 ’20 40w
“The best of the volume is in the character sketches it contains,

agreeable rather than sharp-cut, of people they have known
intimately. The authors’ delicacy is real, their feelings just, and their
desire to please obvious.”
+ Boston Transcript p5 D 24 ’20 190w
“Mr and Mrs Castle will find it difficult entirely to acquit

themselves of the charge of having written a ‘pretty-pretty’ book. In
writing about the maimed soldiers Mr and Mrs Castle show a fine
quality of mind and a sympathy that increases with spending.”
+ − Sat R 129:40 Ja 10 ’20 310w

The Times [London] Lit Sup p717 D 4
’19 110w
CASWELL, JOHN. Sporting rifles and rifle

shooting. il *$4 Appleton 799
20–12388
“The notes and suggestions contained in this book are the result of
experience in many lands and against practically all kinds of game, as
well as on the target range and in actual military service. Its purpose
is to supply data for the hunter against game and to give both hunter
and target shooter more simple solutions of the rather intricate
methods in use for the calculation of elevation, windage, and
atmospheric conditions.” (Preface) Chapters are devoted to: Rifle
types; Game rifles; Target rifles; Actions; Stocks; Sights; Cleaning;
Bullets; Lubrication of bullets; Cartridges; Elevations; Windage and
atmosphere; Judgment of distance; Position; Aiming and trigger
squeeze; Stalking and cover; Aims for vital points on game. In
addition there are eight appendices, devoted to various matters
including Historical sketch of the evolution of the rifle, glossary, and
a select bibliography of the rifle. There are eighty-one illustrations
and an index.
+ Booklist 17:144 Ja ’21
“With certain limitations, much to be regretted, he has written a

very good book. It is to be regretted that Col. Caswell has failed to
recognize a wider range of choice in rifles, that he has neglected to
discuss the human facter as the principle element in the killing of
game.” C: Sheldon
+ − N Y Evening Post p5 D 31 ’20 1400w
“Although the book makes no pretenses to literary style, it contains

passages that many novelists might well envy.”
+ Springf’d Republican p9a O 3 ’20 230w

+ The Times [London] Lit Sup p550 Ag
26 ’20 640w
CATHER, WILLA SIBERT. Youth and the

bright Medusa. *$2.25 (3c) Knopf
20–17316
This collection of stories presents four of Miss Cather’s recent

short stories: Coming, Aphrodite!; The diamond mine; A gold
slipper; and Scandal. To these are added four of the earlier stories
with which she first won critical appreciation: Paul’s case; A Wagner
matinée; The sculptor’s funeral; and “A death in the desert.” In the
early as in the later stories the theme is youth and art.
“The first four are longer and more ambitious, but not so strong.
Her real shortcoming is that she is at present quite without a ‘style’;
placed beside any European model of imaginative prose she is dowdy
and rough, wanting rhythm and distinction.” O. W.
+ − Ath p890 D 31 ’20 780w
“Honest, skillfully wrought stories. Their ruthless, almost cynical,

unmasking of sometimes ugly truths will repel some readers.”
+ Booklist 17:115 D ’20
“The author perceives life from many angles, all subsidiary to her
comprehensive outlook; she has the faculty of getting under the skin
of each character, or of speaking from his mouth: she is economical,
therefore powerful, in her management of action, interaction and
contrast; she succeeds remarkably in conveying the sense of
detachment which the ‘different’ from their kind experience.” B. C.
Williams
+ Bookm 52:169 O ’20 580w
“As studies of success, of the successful, of the victims of ‘big

careers,’ as simply of ambition, above all of the quality of ambition in
women, they probably are not surpassed.”
+ Dial 70:230 F ’21 200w
“The thing is told with the utmost skill, and the deftest effects of
descriptive incident. The two contrasted personalities are projected
as firmly in a few strokes as if a whole novel had been filled with the
details of their careers.” E. A. B.
+ Freeman 2:286 D 1 ’20 760w

“The stories have the radiance of perfect cleanliness, like the
radiance of burnished glass. Miss Cather’s book is more than a
random collection of excellent tales. It constitutes as a whole one of
the truest as well as, in a sober and earnest sense, one of the most
poetical interpretations of American life that we possess.”
+ Nation 111:352 S 25 ’20 500w
“Feeling she has, and romantic glamour, but at no time does she
seem easily irradiant. For this reason her very effectiveness, her
shrewd impersonal security in the arrangement and despatch of her
story, has a formality that takes away from the flowing line of real
self-expression. Better than the familiar vast ineptitude, this
formality. But Miss Cather is perhaps still withholding from her
fiction something that is intimate, essential and ultimate.” F. H.
+ − New Repub 25:233 Ja 19 ’21 1800w
“‘Youth and the bright Medusa’ is decidedly a literary event which

no lover of the best fiction will want to miss.”
+ N Y Times p24 O 3 ’20 550w
Reviewed by E. L. Pearson
+ Review 3:314 O 13 ’20 190w

+ The Times [London] Lit Sup p670 O 14
’20 50w
“Miss Cather is one of a small group of American authors who are
producing literature of a high type and adding to the literary laurels
of America in Europe. She is an artist with a sure touch in moulding
a plot and depicting a motive. The longer stories here—Coming,
Aphrodite and The diamond mine—are consummate in both
respects.”
+ World Tomorrow 3:351 N ’20 130w
CAUSE of world unrest. *$2.50 Putnam 296
20–19292
The American publishers of this English book decline to accept any

responsibility for the soundness of the conclusions presented. H. A.
Gwynne, editor of the London Morning Post, in a long introduction
of approval of the contents, also points out that its editors do not
assume the authenticity of the documents upon which it is based—
the “Protocols of the Elders of Zion.” The contention of the book is
“that there has been for centuries a hidden conspiracy, chiefly
Jewish, whose objects have been and are to produce revolution,
communism, and anarchy, by means of which they hope to arrive at
the hegemony of the world by establishing some sort of despotic
rule.” (Introd.)
“Unfortunately, truth is a matter of proportion. We do not doubt

that the industrious authors of this volume have amassed material
that might become a valuable footnote to history—in the hands of a
historian. Alas that there should lie so great a difference between
induction and deduction; and that in the discharge of even the
sternest ‘public duty’ a sense of humor should be so essential!”
− Ath p645 N 12 ’20 1000w
Boston Transcript p7 N 17 ’20 540w
“The book is one which parlor Bolshevists ought to read, yes, every
one ought to read it who is interested in the development of free
government, and especially those simple-minded optimists who
think that the key to progress has been found and that government is
a well understood thing.” J: J. Chapman
+ N Y Evening Post p4 N 27 ’20 670w
“The authors are conspicuously honest, but their honesty inclines

to credulity, and they are disposed to confuse ‘post hoc’ with ‘propter
hoc.’ While admitting that ebullient Israel requires to be carefully
watched, we really cannot, in these days of unstinted publicity,
swallow mysterious stories about a ‘formidable sect.’”
− + Sat R 130:376 N 6 ’20 1250w

Spec 125:503 O 16 ’20 1250w
“The book which appears under the pretentious title, ‘The cause of
world unrest’ contains nothing to make good its pretenses.” Harry
Schneiderman
− Survey 45:322 N 27 ’20 280w

The Times [London] Lit Sup p638 S 30
’20 50w
CENTER, STELLA STEWART, comp. Worker
and his work. (Lippincott’s school text ser.) il *$2
Lippincott 820.8
20–26453
“‘The worker and his work,’ by Stella S. Center, is a text for high
schools designed ‘to meet the needs of boys and girls who feel the
urgent necessity of selecting the right vocation.’ It is a book of prose
selections from present-day writers, ranging from H. G. Wells to
Harold Bell Wright, interspersed with a few bits of verse.” (Nation)
“It is not concerned with processes nor practical problems. The
illustrations are from artists who use some form of labor for their
subjects; they include Meunier, Pennell and Rodin.” (Booklist)
Booklist 16:269 My ’20
“The selections themselves leave a confusing and contradictory

impression.”
− + Nation 111:50 Jl 10 ’20 280w

St Louis 18:212 S ’20 20w
“It is rather a romantic statement of modern industry than a true

one. The book, however, should find a real place and should give to
many students a preliminary picture of the variety of industry.”
Alexander Fleisher
+ − Survey 44:638 Ag 16 ’20 100w
CHAFEE, ZECHARIAH, jr. Freedom of speech.

*$3.50 Harcourt 323.4
20–22239
The object of the book is to inquire into the proper limitations

upon freedom of speech by way of ascertaining the nature and scope
of the policy which finds expression in the First amendment to the
United States constitution and then to determine the place of that
policy in the conduct of war. With a wide and learned acquaintance
with the law, the author’s endeavor is to get behind the rules of law
to human facts, and although not in personal sympathy with the
views of most of the men who have been imprisoned since the war
began for speaking out, he declares with certitude “that the First
amendment forbids the punishment of words merely for their
injurious tendencies. The history of the amendment and the political
function of free speech corroborate each other and make this
conclusion plain.” Contents: Freedom of speech in war time;
Opposition to the war with Germany; A contemporary state trial—the
United States v. Jacob Abrams et al; Legislation against sedition and
anarchy; The deportations; John Wilkes, Victor Berger, and the five
members; Freedom and initiative in the schools; Appendices
(including Bibliography); Index of cases; General index.
“This is a book very much ‘up to the minute,’ with which every
judge and every lawyer should be familiar as a matter of professional
routine; every newspaper editor should know it by heart. Every
liberty-loving American will find it profoundly disturbing reading. To
those who have despaired of freedom of speech in America this calm,
scholarly, sane exposition of very recent history will sound like a
clear bell in a moral fog.” J: P. Gavit
+ N Y Evening Post p6 Ja 15 ’21 1300w
“His book is courageous and sound, simple and scholarly.” Albert

De Silver
+ World Tomorrow 4:56 F ’21 2100w
CHAFFEE, ALLEN. Lost river. il $1.60 (3c)

Bradley, M.
A story of two boys lost in the Maine woods. Ralph Merritt, a city
boy on his vacation, and Tim Crawford, the guide’s son, wander away
from their companions in search of raspberries. They lose themselves
in the thicket and are unable to regain the trail. Reaching a river
which they mistakenly think to be the stream their party is following,
they start in the wrong direction and go further and further away.
The story tells of their adventures with animals, of their means of
finding food and shelter from cold and storm. They touch civilization
again on reaching the cabin of a forest ranger, and so enamored are
they of life in the open that they decide to prepare for the forest
service.
“In addition to its first purpose, that of being an entertaining story,

‘Lost river’ abounds in practical information about wood-life that will
make a summer vacation more enjoyable.” H. L. Reed
+ Springf’d Republican p7a N 28 ’20 120w

CHALMERS, STEPHEN. Greater punishment.
il *$1.50 (2c) Doubleday
20–11075
Following five years of vagabondage, the hero of this story returns

to his home in Glasgow. He has not made his fortune and is not
ready to pay back the five hundred pounds his father had given him
on his twenty-first birthday, but he returns with a clean record and a
good name. He is about to announce his return to his family when
fate throws him in the way of an old ship mate, Joe Byrnes, alias
“Shylock” Smith. He knows this man to have a criminal record but he
is tolerant of his faults and the two make a night of it. He is later a
witness to the murder of Byrnes and when arrested cannot clear
himself, for to do so would involve the girl he loves. The deep
mystery surrounding Daniel Bunthorne, Jess’s father, finally clears
away; by a miscarriage of justice the hero’s life is saved. His parents
are spared knowledge of his near approach to death and with Jess, he
sails away to Canada and a new life.
CHALMERS, THOMAS WIGHTMAN. Paper

making and its machinery. il *$8 Van Nostrand 676
20–17582
A work on paper making “including chapters on the tub sizing of

paper, the coating and finishing of art paper and the coating of
photographic paper.” (Sub-title) The author is on the editorial staff of
the Engineer and the book is based on two series of articles, on Paper
making and its machinery and on The art of coating paper that
appeared in that journal in 1915 and 1916. The volume is very fully

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2.1 Check Points

2.1 Concept and Vocabulary Check 13. z + 8 = −12

6. adding 7 The solution set is −20 .

7. subtracting 6x 14. z +13 = −15

3 9 The solution set is −  .

32. −2.7 + w = −5.3 36. −11 = 8 + x

18 = y The solution set is 18 .

The solution set is  .

39. 830 + y = 520 7 7

57. 2x + = 3x 64. C = 520, S = 650

2 7 freshman had an average grade of A in high

I − 21 = 34 82. x − 7.0463 = −9.2714

69. – 71. Answers will vary. = −16 + 4

line. 86. 3 7x − 2 ( 5x − 1) = 3 7x − 10x + 2 

73. does not make sense; Explanations will vary. = 3 −3x + 2 

added to both sides of the equation. 5 x x

75. makes sense −7 y

A sample change is: If y + 7 = 0, then y = −7. Yes, 4 is a solution of the equation.

2.2 Check Points 7

The solution set is −16 .

The solution set is 24 .

The solution set is 0 . 28 = 28

Check: −47 = −(47)

−47 = −47 2 ( −5) −12 ( −5) = 50

28. 8x − 3x = −45 31. 2x − 3 = 9

34. −3y + 4 = 13 37. 12 = 4z + 3

6 ( −3) = 2 ( −3) − 12 2 (3) = −4 ( 3) +18

42. 8 y = 3y − 10 45. −5x = −2x −12

46. −7x = −3x − 8 49. 6z − 5 = z + 5

1033 = 15n + 358

42 = n multiply both sides of our equation by the

Sample explanation: When you subtract 12 from 3.7x = 9.472

89. −10 = −110 = −1 (10 )(10 ) = −100

90. x 3 − 4x = ( −1)3 − 4 ( −1) 3. Simplify the algebraic expression on each side.

91. 13 − 3( x + 2) = 13 − 3x − 6 Collect variable terms on one side and constant

x 39  x 39 The solution set is 5 .

Collect variable terms on one side and constant 3x = 8x +10

2. Simplify the algebraic expression on each side.

“Perhaps gives insufficient warning to the amateur, who

+ − Booklist 16:256 My ’20

+ N Y Times 25:189 Ap 18 ’20 450w

“As a statement of the spiritistic position the volume is accurate,

+ − The Times [London] Lit Sup p555 Ag

CARROLL, ROBERT SPROUL. Our nervous

“In a series of short stories Dr Carroll, who is medical director of

“Another of the encouraging but by no means coddling books

+ Booklist 16:191 Mr ’20

CARSWELL, CATHERINE. Open the door. *$2

+ − Ath p831 Je 25 ’20 700w

+ Boston Transcript p6 Jl 17 ’20 550w

“She does not succeed, perhaps, in drawing merely a normal

+ Freeman 1:598 S 1 ’20 900w

+ Nation 111:134 Jl 31 ’20 170w

“Sex interests without haunting or obsessing or torturing her. Miss