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Chapter 10 - Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions (test
bank)

Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1.

If two solutions are mixed together in a container and the container “feels hot”, then

A. the reaction is endothermic.

B. the reaction is exothermic.
C. the energy of the universe is increased.
D. the energy of both the system and the surroundings is decreased.
E. the energy of the system is increased.

2.

For the reaction: 2A + B2 → 2AB H = +50.0 kJ.

A. The reaction is endothermic.

B. Heat is released to the surroundings.
C. The standard enthalpy of formation for AB is 50.0 kJ.
D. The bond energy for each A–B bond is 50.0 kJ.
E. The molecule AB contains less energy than A or B2.

3.

An endothermic reaction causes the surroundings to

A. warm up.
B. become acidic.
C. condense.
D. decrease in temperature.
E. release CO2.
4.

An exothermic reaction causes the surroundings to

A. warm up.
B. become acidic.
C. expand.
D. decrease its temperature.
E. release CO2.

5.

How many calories are in 854.3 J? (1 cal = 4.184 J)

A. 4.897  10–3 cal

B. 204.2 cal
C. 1.171 10–3 cal
D. 0.2390 cal
E. 3574 cal

6.

How many joules are in 1.20 103 calories? (1 cal = 4.184 J)

A. 8.33  10–4 J
B. 3.49  10–3 J
C. 2.39  10–1 J
D. 2.86  102 J
E. 5.02  103 J

7.

Which type of system may transfer energy, but not mass, to the surroundings?

A. mass transfer system

B. isolated system
C. closed system
D. nonenergy system
E. open system
8.

Which of these is not a state function?

A. volume
B. temperature
C. pressure
D. heat
E. energy

9.

What law states that energy can be converted from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed?

A. universal law
B. first law of thermodynamics
C. law of mass conservation
D. law of conservation of energy
E. law of constant energy

10.

When heat is absorbed by the system and work is done by the system on the surroundings then

A. q is negative and w is positive.

B. both q and w are positive.
C. both q and w are negative.
D. q is positive and w is negative.
E. both q and w are zero.

11.

What is the change in internal energy in joules for a system that releases 154 J of heat and does 125 J of work
on its surroundings?

A. –29 J
B. 279 J
C. 29 J
D. 1.23 J
E. –279 J
12.

Complete the sentence: When heat is transferred to the system, the process is said to be ____________, and
the sign of q is __________.

A. exothermic, positive
B. exothermic, negative
C. endothermic, positive
D. endothermic, negative
E. forbidden, indeterminate

13.

A system that does no work but which transfers heat to the surroundings has

A. q < 0, U > 0
B. q < 0, U < 0
C. q > 0, U > 0
D. q > 0, U < 0
E. q < 0, U = 0

14.

A system that does no work but which receives heat from the surroundings has

A. q < 0, U > 0
B. q > 0, U < 0
C. q = U
D. q = –U
E. w = U

15.

A system which does work on the surroundings with no heat change (i.e., q = 0) has:

A. w < 0, U = 0
B. w > 0, U > 0
C. w > 0, U < 0
D. w < 0, U > 0
E. w < 0, U < 0
16.

A system which does work on the surroundings with no heat change (i.e., q = 0) has:

A. w = U
B. w = –U
C. w > 0, U < 0
D. w < 0, U > 0
E. w > U

17.

A system contracts from an initial volume of 15.0 L to a final volume of 10.0 L under a constant external
pressure of 0.80 atm. What is w? (1 L·atm = 101.3 J)

A. –4.0 J
B. +4.0 J
C. –4.1 102 J
D. +4.1 102 J
E. +81 J

18.

An ideal gas (the system) is contained in a flexible balloon at a pressure of 1 atm and is initially at a
temperature of 20.C. The surrounding air is at the same pressure, but its temperature is 25C. When the
system has equilibrated with its surroundings, both system and surroundings are at 25C and 1 atm. In
changing from the initial to the final state, which one of the following relationships regarding the system is
correct?

A. U < 0
B. U = 0
C. H = 0
D. w > 0
E. q > 0
19.

Which relationship is always correct?

A. potential energy + kinetic energy = constant

B.  = q + w
C. U = H – PV
D. H = U + PV
E. H = qV

20.

A system expands from a volume of 1.00 L to 2.00 L against a constant external pressure of 1.00 atm. What
is the work (w) done by the system? (1 L·atm = 101.3 J)

A. 1.00 J
B. 2.00 J
C. 1.01  102 J
D. 1.01  105 J
E. 3.00 J

21.

For a particular process, 28 kJ of heat is absorbed and 15 kJ of work is done on the surroundings. What is
U?

A. U = +43 kJ
B. U = –43 kJ
C. U = –13 kJ
D. U = +13 kJ
E. U = +28 kJ

22.

A system delivers 1275 J of heat while the surroundings perform 854 J of work on it. What is U of the
system?

A. –2129 J
B. –421 J
C. +421 J
D. +2129 J
E. –1275 J
23.

A system delivers 222 J of heat to the surroundings while delivering 645 J of work. What is the change in the
internal energy, U, of the system?

A. –423 J
B. +423 J
C. –867 J
D. +867 J
E. –222 J

24.

A system receives 575 J of heat and delivers 424 J of work. What is the change in the internal energy, U, of
the system?

A. –150. J
B. 150. J
C. –1000. J
D. 1000. J
E. 575 J

25.

A system initially has an internal energy U of 504 J. It undergoes a process during which it releases 111 J of
heat energy to the surroundings, and does work of 222 J. What is the final energy of the system, in J?

A. 171 J
B. 393 J
C. 504 J
D. 615 J
E. 837 J

26.

A system absorbs 21.6 kJ of heat while performing 6.9 kJ of work on the surroundings. If the initial internal
energy, U, is 61.2 kJ, what is the final value of U?

A. 32.7 kJ
B. 46.5 kJ
C. 61.2 kJ
D. 75.9 kJ
E. 89.7 kJ
27.

In which process is H = U?

A. Two moles of ammonia gas are cooled from 325C to 300C at a constant pressure of 1.2 atm.
B. One gram of water is vaporized at 100C and 1 atm.
C. Two moles of hydrogen iodide gas react to form hydrogen gas and iodine gas in a 40-L container.
D. Solid calcium carbonate is heated to form solid calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas in a container with
variable volume.
E. One mole of solid carbon dioxide sublimes to the gas phase.

28.

What is the equation for the formation reaction for gaseous hydrazine, N2H4, at 25ºC and 1 atm pressure?

A. 2N2H4(g) → 2NH3(g) + H2(g)

B. 2NH3(g) + H2(g) → N2H4(g)
C. N2(g) + 2H2O(g) → N2H4 (g) + O2(g)
D. N2(g) +2H2(g) → N2H4(g)
E. 2NO2(g) + 6H2(g) → N2H4(g) + 4H2O(g)

29.

For which reaction is H approximately (or exactly) equal to U?

A. H2(g) + Br2(g) → 2HBr(g)

B. H2O(l) → H2O(g)
C. CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)
D. 2H(g) + O(g) → H2O(l)
E. CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)

30.

In which reaction would you expect H to be substantially greater than U (i.e., H > U)?

A. H2(g) + Br2(g) → 2HBr(g)

B. CO2(s) → CO2(g)
C. C2H2(g) + H2(g) → C2H4(g)
D. H2O(s) → H2O(l)
E. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
31.

The dissolution of barium hydroxide in water is an exothermic process. Which statement is correct?

A. The enthalpy of solid barium hydroxide plus pure water is less than that of the solution, at the same
temperature.
B. The enthalpy of solid barium hydroxide plus pure water is greater than that of the solution, at the same
temperature.
C. The enthalpy of solid barium hydroxide plus pure water is the same as that of the solution, at the same
temperature.
D. The temperature of the solution is lower than of the barium hydroxide and water before mixing.
E. When barium hydroxide dissolves in water, the system does work on the surroundings.

32.

Two solutions (the system), each with a volume of 25.0 mL at 25.0C, are mixed in a beaker. A reaction
occurs between them, and the temperature rises to 35.0C. After the products have equilibrated with the
surroundings, the temperature is again 25.0C and the total volume is 50.0 mL. No gases are involved in the
reaction. Which relationship concerning the change from initial to final states (both at 25.0C) is correct?

A. U = 0
B. H = 0
C. U > 0
D. q = 0
E. w = 0

33.

A Snickers® candy bar contains 280 Calories, of which the fat content accounts for 120 Calories. What is the
energy of the fat content, in kJ? (1 cal = 4.184 J)

A. 5.0  10–1 kJ
B. 1.2 kJ
C. 5.0  102 kJ
D. 1.2  103 kJ
E. 1.6  103 kJ
34.

Your favorite candy bar, Gummy Beakers, contains 1.2  106 J of energy while your favorite soft drink, Bolt,
contains 6.7  105 J. If you eat two packs of Gummy Beakers a day and drink 3 cans of Bolt, what percent of
your 2000 Calorie daily food intake is left for broccoli, beans, beef, etc.? (1 cal = 4.184 J)

A. 53%
B. 47%
C. 27%
D. 11%
E. 0%

35.

Natural gas, or methane, is an important fuel. Combustion of one mole of methane releases 802.3 kJ of
energy. How much energy does that represent in kcal? (1 cal = 4.184 J)

A. 1.92  10–1 kcal

B. 1.92  102 kcal
C. 3.36  103 kcal
D. 1.92  105 kcal
E. 3.36  106 kcal

36.

Which is not a state function?

A. internal energy
B. volume
C. work
D. pressure
E. enthalpy

37.

The specific heat (capacity) is

A. amount of energy needed to change 1 g of a substance by 1C.

B. amount of energy needed to change 1 mol of a substance by 1C
C. amount of energy required to melt 1 g of substance.
D. amount of substance that is heated by 1C.
E. the temperature increase, in K, associated with heating 1 g of a substance for 1 minute.
38.

What is q if 28.6 g of water is heated from 22.0C to 78.3C? The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g·C.

A. 2.60 J
B. 2.63 kJ
C. 6.74 kJ
D. 9.37 kJ
E. 3.94104 kJ

39.

If, as a pioneer, you wished to warm your room by taking an object heated on top of a pot-bellied stove to it,
which of the following 15-pound objects, each heated to 100C, would be the best choice? The specific heat
capacity (in J/g·C) for each substance is given in parentheses. Iron (0.450), copper (0.387), granite (0.79),
gold (0.129), water (4.184).

A. iron
B. copper
C. granite
D. gold
E. H2O

40.

Ethylene glycol, used as a coolant in automotive engines, has a specific heat capacity of 2.42 J/gC. Calculate
q when 3.65 kg of ethylene glycol is cooled from 132C to 85C.

A. –1900 kJ
B. –420 kJ
C. –99 kJ
D. –0.42 kJ
E. –4.2  10–6 kJ
41.

If 75.4 J of energy is absorbed by 0.25 mol of CCl4 at constant pressure, what is the change in temperature?
The specific heat of CCl4 is 0.861 J/g·C.

A. 17.8C
B. 21.9C
C. 2.3C
D. 9.1C
E. 44.6C

42.

A 275-g sample of nickel at l00.0C is placed in 100.0 g of water at 22.0C. What is the final temperature of
the water? Assume no heat transfer with the surroundings. The specific heat of nickel is 0.444 J/g·C and the
specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g·C.

A. 39.6C
B. 40.8C
C. 61.0C
D. 79.2C
E. 82.4C

43.

Benzene is a starting material in the synthesis of nylon fibers and polystyrene (styrofoam). Its specific heat
capacity is 1.74 J/g·C. If 16.7 kJ of energy is absorbed by a 225-g sample of benzene at 20.0C, what is its
final temperature?

A. –22.7C
B. 37.7C
C. 42.7C
D. 62.7C
E. 80.1C
44.

When Karl Kaveman adds chilled grog to his new granite mug, he removes 10.9 kJ of energy from the mug.
If it has a mass of 625 g and was at 25C, what is its new temperature? Specific heat capacity of granite =
0.79 J/g·C.

A. 3C
B. 14C
C. 22C
D. 47C
E. None of these choices is correct.

45.

A 307-g sample of an unknown mineral was heated to 98.7C and placed into a calorimeter containing 72.4 g
of water at 23.6C. The heat capacity of the calorimeter was 15.7 J/C. The final temperature in the
calorimeter was 32.4C. What is the specific heat capacity of the mineral?

A. 0.124 J/g·C
B. 0.131 J/g·C
C. 0.138 J/g·C
D. 0.145 J/g·C
E. None of these choices is correct.

46.

A piece of copper metal is initially at 100.0C. It is dropped into a coffee cup calorimeter containing 50.0 g
of water at a temperature of 20.0C. After stirring, the final temperature of both copper and water is 25.0C.
Assuming no heat losses, and that the specific heat (capacity) of water is 4.18 J/g·C, what is the heat
capacity of the copper in J/C?

A. 2.79 J/C
B. 3.33 J/C
C. 13.9 J/C
D. 209 J/C
E. None of these choices is correct.
47.

A common laboratory reaction is the neutralization of an acid with a base. When 50.0 mL of 0.500 M HCl at
25.0C is added to 50.0 mL of 0.500 M NaOH at 25.0C in a coffee cup calorimeter, the temperature of the
mixture rises to 28.2C. What is the heat of reaction per mole of acid? Assume the mixture has a specific heat
capacity of 4.18 J/g·C and that the densities of the reactant solutions are both 1.00 g/mL.

A. 670 J
B. 1300 J
C. 27 kJ
D. 54 kJ
E. > 100 kJ

48.

How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 22.8 g of copper from 20.0C to 875.0C? The specific
heat of copper is 0.385 J/g·C.

A. 14.4 J
B. 176 J
C. 7.51 kJ
D. 7.68 kJ
E. 9.90 kJ

49.

How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 12.0 g of water from 15.4C to 93.0C? The specific
heat of water is 4.184 J/g·C.

A. 223 J
B. 773 J
C. 503 J
D. 4.67 103 J
E. 3.90 103 J
50.

How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 1500 g of water from 25C to 52C? The specific heat
of water is 4.184 J/g·C.

A. 1500 kJ
B. 170 kJ
C. 6.3 kJ
D. 41 J
E. 41 kJ

51.

What is the change in temperature if a 25.0-g block of aluminum absorbs 10.0 kJ of heat? The specific heat of
aluminum is 0.900 J/g·C.

A. 0.44C
B. 22.5C
C. 225C
D. 360C
E. 444C

52.

If 325 g of water at 4.2C absorbs 12.28 kJ, what is the final temperature of the water? The specific heat of
water is 4.184 J/g·C.

A. 4.21C
B. 4.8C
C. 9.0C
D. 13.2C
E. 2938C
53.

A glass containing 200.0 g of H2O at 20.0C was placed in a refrigerator. The water loses 11.7 kJ as it cools
to a constant temperature. What is its new temperature? The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g·C.

A. 0.0C
B. 4.0C
C. 6.0C
D. 14.0C
E. 34.0C

54.

A piece of copper with a mass of 218 g has a heat capacity of 83.9 J/C. What is the specific heat of copper?

A. 0.385 J/g·C
B. 1.83  104 J/g·C
C. 2.60 J/g·C
D. 1.32 J/g·C
E. 24.5 J/g·C

55.

The specific heat of gold is 0.129 J/g·C. What is the molar heat capacity of gold?

A. 0.0394 J/mol·C
B. 0.129 J/mol·C
C. 25.4 J/mol·C
D. 39.4 kJ/mol·C
E. 197 J/mol·C
56.

Suppose a 50-g block of silver (specific heat = 0.2350 J/g·C) at 100C is placed in contact with a 50-g block
of iron (specific heat = 0.4494 J/g·C) at 0C, and the two blocks are insulated from the rest of the
universe. The final temperature of the two blocks

A. will be higher than 50C.

B. will be lower than 50C.
C. will be exactly 50C.
D. is unrelated to the composition of the blocks.
E. cannot be predicted.

57.

When 0.7521 g of benzoic acid was burned in a calorimeter containing 1000. g of water, a temperature rise of
3.60C was observed. What is the heat capacity of the bomb calorimeter, excluding the water? The heat of
combustion of benzoic acid is –26.42 kJ/g.

A. 15.9 kJ/C
B. 4.2 kJ/C
C. 5.5 kJ/C
D. 1.3 kJ/C
E. 752 kJ/C

58.

A 1.00-g sample of octane (C8H18) is burned in a bomb calorimeter that has a heat capacity of 5.80 kJ/C.
The temperature of the calorimeter rises from 25.00oC to 33.20oC. What is U per mole for the combustion
of octane?

A. –47.6 kJ/mol
B. –416 kJ/mol
C. –707kJ/mol
D. –5.43 103 kJ/mol
E. –1.86 105 kJ/mol
59.

Naphthalene combustion may be used to calibrate the heat capacity of a bomb calorimeter. The heat of
combustion of naphthalene is –40.1 kJ/g. When 0.8210 g of naphthalene was burned in a bomb calorimeter
containing 1.000 kg of water, a temperature rise of 4.21C was observed. What is the heat capacity of the
bomb calorimeter excluding the water?

A. 32.9 kJ/C
B. 7.8 kJ/C
C. 3.64 kJ/C
D. 1.76 kJ/C
E. 15.3 kJ/C

60.

The heat of solution of ammonium chloride is 15.2 kJ/mol. If a 6.134-g sample of NH4Cl is added to 65.0 mL
of water in a calorimeter at 24.5C, what is the final temperature of the solution? The specific heat of water is
4.18 J/g·C and the heat capacity of the calorimeter is 365 J/C.

A. 27.1C
B. 18.6C
C. 19.7C
D. 21.8C
E. 30.4C

61.

The heat of solution of ammonium nitrate is 26.2 kJ/mol. If a 5.368 g sample of NH4NO3 is added to 40.0 mL
of water in a calorimeter at 23.5C, what is the final temperature of the solution? The specific heat of water is
4.18 J/g·C and the heat capacity of the calorimeter is 0.650 kJ/C.

A. 14.3C
B. 20.8C
C. –7.7C
D. 25.6C
E. 21.4C
62.

When 0.560 g of Na(s) reacts with excess F2(g) to form NaF(s), 13.8 kJ of heat is evolved at standard-state
conditions. What is the standard enthalpy of formation (Hf) of NaF(s)?

A. 567 kJ/mol
B. –24.8 kJ/mol
C. –7.8 kJ/mol
D. 24.8 kJ/mol
E. –567 kJ/mol

63.

Based on the following thermochemical equations, what is the heat of vaporization of titanium(IV) chloride?

Ti(s) + 2 Cl2(g) → TiCl4(l) H = –804.2 kJ/mol

TiCl4(g) → 2 Cl2(g) + Ti(s) H = 763.2 kJ/mol

A. +41.0 kJ/mol
B. –1567.4 kJ/mol
C. 1567 kJ/mol
D. –41.0 kJ/mol
E. –763.7 kJ/mol

64.

Octane (C8H18) undergoes combustion according to the following thermochemical equation.

2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) → 16CO2(g) +

18H2O(l) Hrxn = –1.0940  104 kJ/mol

What is the standard enthalpy of formation of liquid octane?

Hf(CO2(g)) = –393.5 kJ/mol and Hf(H2O(l)) = –285.8 kJ/mol

A. –250 kJ/mol
B. –10,940. kJ/mol
C. –2188 kJ/mol
D. –495 kJ/mol
E. 495 kJ/mol
65.

Glycine, C2H5O2N, is important for biological energy. The combustion reaction of glycine is described by the
following thermochemical equation.

4C2H5O2N(s) + 9O2(g) → 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(l) + 2N2(g) Hrxn = –3896 kJ/mol

What is the standard enthalpy of formation of solid glycine?

A. –51.90 kJ/mol
B. –527.5 kJ/mol
C. –974.0 kJ/mol
D. –1502 kJ/mol
E. –2476 kJ/mol

66.

Which of the following has a standard enthalpy of formation value (Hf) of zero at 298 K?

A. H2O(g)
B. O(g)
C. H2O(l)
D. O2(g)
E. O3(g)

67.

Styrene, C8H8, is one of the substances used in the production of synthetic rubber. When styrene burns in
oxygen to form carbon dioxide and liquid water under standard-state conditions at 25C, 42.15 kJ are
released per gram of styrene. Find the standard enthalpy of formation of styrene at 25C.

Hf(CO2(g)) = –393.5 kJ/mol, Hf(H2O(l)) = –285.8 kJ/mol

A. –4390 kJ/mol
B. –1044 kJ/mol
C. –8681 kJ/mol
D. +99 kJ/mol
E. +637 kJ/mol
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of The life-story of
Charlotte de la Trémoille, Countess of Derby
 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
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eBook.

Title: The life-story of Charlotte de la Trémoille, Countess of

Derby

Author: Mary C. Rowsell

Release date: December 28, 2023 [eBook #72524]

Language: English

Original publication: United Kingdom: Kegan Paul, Trench,

Trübner & Co., Ltd, 1905

Credits: Susan Skinner and the Online Distributed Proofreading

Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced
from images generously made available by The
Internet Archive)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LIFE-

STORY OF CHARLOTTE DE LA TRÉMOILLE, COUNTESS OF
DERBY ***
 The Life-Story

of

Charlotte de la Trémoille

Countess of Derby
Charlotte de la Tremouille.
(Countess of Derby.)

From the painting by Vandyke.

 The Life-Story
of

Charlotte de la Trémoille
Countess of Derby

By

Mary C. Rowsell
Author of
“The Friend of the People,” “Thorndyke Manor,” “Traitor or
Patriot?” “Love Loyal,” “Richard’s Play” (comedietta), etc. etc.

London
Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.,
Ltd.
Dryden House, Gerrard Street, W.
1905
 Contents

CHAPTER I
PAGE

Birth. Parentage. Descent. Peaceful Times. A 1

Gallant Soldier. Huguenots and Catholics.
More Storm-clouds. A Stately Home. The Idle
Sword. A Royal Summons; and a Death
Summons. A Troubled Wife and Mother. An
Unfortunate Princess. A Doubtful Honour.
Roundhand and Ruled Paper. A Naughty
Little Girl. Sisters indeed. Happy Days. The
Rubens Portrait

CHAPTER II
At the Hague. A Dreary Court. A Marriage of 16
Convenience. A Lady-of-Honour. Home. The
Firstborn. Cloudy Sunshine

CHAPTER III
“Res Angusta Domi.” A White Elephant. 32
Gathering Clouds. Keeping a Brave Heart. A
Grand Function. Royal Gifts. Fresh Anxieties.
 Baron Strange. National Grievances.
“Shortcoats.” A Contract

CHAPTER IV
Lathom House. Orm the Saxon. The Ancestry of 40
the Earls of Derby. A Family Legend. “Sans
Changer.” A Stately Old Home. The Royal
Guest, and the Fool. The Baron’s Retainers.
A Goodly “Checkrowle.” Public Troubles. The
Siege of Rochelle. “The Villain has killed me.”
National Grievances. An Earnest Request

CHAPTER V
A Chapter of Correspondence 56

CHAPTER VI
Otium cum Dignitate. The New Earl. A Royal 62
Water Journey to Hampton Court. “Merrie
England.” Cavaliers and Roundheads.
“Household Words.” The New Letter-Post.
Hackney Coaches. Linen. Faithful Friends. A
Lordly Home

CHAPTER VII
Manx Land. The Son of Leir. St. Patrick. 73
Prehistoric Man. King Orry and his Highroad.
The House of Keys. Public Penance in Manx
Land. A Fortunate File. Breast Laws and
Deemsters. The Little People. A Haunted
Castle. A Thorough Bad Dog. Cats’ Tails. “A
 Ship in her Ruff.” A Contested Prize. The
Three Legs. The Lord of Man

CHAPTER VIII
A Fatal Choice. Strafford and Laud. Huguenots 84
and Anglicans. Royal Prodigality. Pleasant
Hours in the Pillory. Ship-money. A Patriot.
Moderate Men. No more Peaceful Days at
Lathom. “The Red Horse of the Lord.” Virgil
under Difficulties. Edgehill. “Come like
Shadows, so Depart”

CHAPTER IX
The Fate of Kings. Only once again. The Crown 95
Jewels. A Loyal Vassal. “The Vain Shadow of
a King.” Slander. Temptation scorned. More
Ardour than Discretion

CHAPTER X
No Rest. The Queen’s Journey to Holland. A 107
Friend in Need. “Master, go on, and I will
follow Thee.” The Green-Eyed Monster astir.
Through Good Report and Ill. An Indignant
Refusal. Back at Lathom. A Boisterous Friend

CHAPTER XI
Charlotte of Derby. A Journey to London in 114
Olden Days. Queen of her Home. Learned
Ladies. “His Reverence.” Lady Derby spells
Lancashire. A Demand, and a Refusal.
Defence, not Defiance. “A Nest of
 Delinquents.” The Sermon Text. Orders to
March. Demands and Terms. Surprises.
Worthy of a Painter’s Brush. The Astute
Ecclesiastic and Roundhead Friend. More
Conditions. “Look to your own Ways.” A Day
of Rest. No Surrender

CHAPTER XII

False Move. “Do not reckon that Lathom will be 133

yours.” A Letter from the Earl. Ineffectual
Fires. At Prayers, or Asleep? A Sad
Massacre. Hospital Nurses. Unwelcome
Visitors. In the Eagle Tower. Brave Maidens.
A Change for the Worse. Threats. The
Countess’s Answer. “Long Live the King!” A
Terrible Monster, and his Ignoble End. Rigby’s
Irritation. Gleams. Good News. Decamping.
Victory! And Prince Rupert’s Homage

CHAPTER XIII
At Castle Rushen. An Honourable Surrender. 149
The Maudlin Well. Correspondence
recommences. Disappearance of Lord
Strange. A Price on Lord Derby’s Head.
Holmby House. Miss Orpe again. A Lawsuit.
Divisions among the Parliamentarians. A Lull
in the Storm. A Noble Author. At Knowsley.
The Substance and the Shadow. The
Sectaries. “A Good Exchange”

CHAPTER XIV
An Indignant Refusal. Illness of Lady Derby. The 163
 Great “Tabouret” Question. A Misalliance. A
Pitiable Story. After Dunbar. The Fatal Fight of
Worcester. The Royal Exile. Wounded and
Spent. Lord Derby taken Prisoner. A “Court-
Martial.” Farewell Letters. A Friendly Service?
Leave-takings. Finis Coronat Opus

CHAPTER XV
Bearing the Burden alone. The 180
Parliamentarians demand the Isle of Man.
Lady Derby a Prisoner. Cast on Cromwell’s
Mercy. Fair-haired William and his Fate. The
Tide turns. “I must depart.” The King has his
own again. Marriages, and Giving in
Marriage. Peaceful Times at Knowsley. “Swift
to its Close ebbs out Life’s Little Day.” Court
Fairness. The Last Letter. An Honoured
Memory
 The Life-Story of
Charlotte de la Trémoille
Countess of Derby
 CHAPTER I
BIRTH. PARENTAGE. DESCENT. PEACEFUL TIMES. A GALLANT SOLDIER.
HUGUENOTS AND CATHOLICS. MORE STORM-CLOUDS. A STATELY
HOME. THE IDLE SWORD. A ROYAL SUMMONS; AND A DEATH
SUMMONS. A TROUBLED WIFE AND MOTHER. AN UNFORTUNATE
PRINCESS. A DOUBTFUL HONOUR. ROUND-HAND AND RULED PAPER. A
NAUGHTY LITTLE GIRL. SISTERS INDEED. HAPPY DAYS. THE RUBENS
PORTRAIT

Charlotte de la Trémoille was born at Thonars in Poitou in 1601. The

fine old château[1] in which the first days of her eventful life dawned
upon her was the heritage of her ancestors, and now by right of birth
belonged to her father, Claude de la Trémoille. The château is
beautifully situated upon a hill, around whose base the river Thone
runs so far as to give it the appearance of an island.

1. Now the Mairie.

Charlotte was the second child of her parents, whose style and
title are thus described in their contract of marriage signed at
Chatelhéraut in 1598:—
Claude de la Trémoille, Duke de Thonars, peer of France, Prince de
Tarente and de Talmont, with the very noble and gracious Dame
Charlotte Brabantine de Nassau, daughter of William the Silent, Prince of
Orange, and of his third wife, Charlotte de Bourbon Montpensier.

Thus the noblest blood of France and of Nassau ran in the veins of
the child who was destined to play such an heroic part in the land of
her adoption, and whose romantic story stands enshrined in
England’s historic annals.
She was born in days of comparative peace: the Wars of the
League were at an end, the accession of Henri IV. to the crown of
France had silenced the clash of martial strife. Catholic and Calvinist
no longer fought at the sword’s point. The Edict of Nantes, extending
liberty of conscience and civil rights to the Protestants, had brought
at least outward tranquillity. The act of Henri IV. in abjuring the
Reformed faith and entering the Roman Communion had justified the
hopes of all moderate minds. The Reformed party, with Henri’s
lifelong friend and good genius—the minister Sully—at its head, had
seconded the wishes of the Catholics, and advised him to the
change.
The effect was magical, restoring tranquillity to distracted France.
The ravaged fields and hillsides were once more clothed with
growing grain and vines. “Husbandry and pastures,” said Sully, “were
the true treasures of Peru, and the paps which nourished the
kingdom.”
Claude de la Trémoille, a Huguenot by birth, had always
concerned himself less about politics and polemics than fealty to his
royal master. A certain sturdy, loyal singleness of mind seems to
have been a distinguishing characteristic of his race. The Duke was
a born soldier. From the moment he could wield a sword, it had been
employed for France and the King. Henri had need of his valiant
subject, and did not forget to reward his services. It was after his
brave fighting at Fontaine-Française, 1595, that the King raised the
territory of Thonars to the rank of a peerage; and three years later,
Claude de la Trémoille married the daughter of William the Silent.
Still, though peace and prosperity once more smiled upon the face
of the country, the bitterness of religious difference rankled. Mutual
jealousy further aggravated the soreness. The Catholics were
arrogant in their triumph, and never lost sight of the fact that it was
Henri’s policy which had drawn him into their ranks. The Protestants,
on the other hand, lost their inspiration when the King became a
Catholic. Their allegiance to the sovereign remained; but their
devotion to the man cooled. Theoretically, civil prerogative might be
extended to them; but practically, their advice in the guidance of the
State was not sought. The Court party was not slow to let them
understand this fact, in defiance of the King’s goodwill and affection
which he never lost for his old co-religionists. Already the clouds of
the sad and troubled future were beginning to gather for the
Huguenots. Sullen and disappointed, their leaders retired from the
Court, and with them went the Duke de Thonars, to occupy himself
exclusively with the affairs of his own estate and the interests of his
family.
He had four children—two sons and two daughters. He lived in
great state at Thonars; and when Monsieur de Rosny, the Duke de
Sully, came to Poitou to assume the governorship of the province, he
received him with great magnificence.
Still, though he had hung up his sword, the Duke regarded it
longingly, and at the smallest incitement was ready to take it down.
The chance came before a very few years had passed. The great
Protestant leader, the Duke de Bouillon, who, by his second
marriage with a daughter of William the Silent, was the brother-in-law
of the Duke de Thonars, had compromised himself in the matter of
the Maréchal Biron’s treasonable correspondence with Spain; and
Biron’s consequent disgrace with the King sorely troubled the peace
of the family at Thonars.
The minister Sully, as full of goodwill towards de Thonars as of a
desire to secure the services of so brave and tried a soldier, sent de
Thonars a message to come to Paris. “The King,” he wrote,
“contemplates war, and has need of you to fight against the
Spaniards.”
De Thonars, who was still a young man of barely thirty-eight, had
let fall to Sully a few words of dissatisfaction at his enforced
inactivity, when the minister had been his guest at Thonars; and
Sully now reminded him of these expressions. “Henri,” he wrote,
“liked to see his Protestant servants about him, and objected to such
powerful lords remaining long at a time in their own provinces. They
might be lending themselves to the hatching of plots.”
 Monsieur du Plessis Mornay, the great Huguenot leader and
governor of Saumur, of which he had made a powerful Protestant
stronghold, did his utmost to dissuade de la Trémoille from going to
Court. “Excepting,” he said, “for those words which escaped you, I
see no reason for your going.”
“But if I can be employed?” rejoined the more than willing de la
Trémoille.
Du Plessis replied only by a stern, half-scornful silence, and went
back to his château at Bonmoy near Saumur; but hardly had he
arrived there, than he received a letter from Madame de la Trémoille,
informing him that her husband had been seized with gout in the
arm, and praying that if there should be no speedy improvement in
his condition, du Plessis would come to him. On the following night,
she further wrote that if he desired to see his friend alive, he must
come quickly.
Du Plessis immediately hastened to Thonars, to find Monsieur de
la Trémoille exhausted with fever, and gasping with semi-suffocation.
He, however, rallied sufficiently to evince great pleasure at the sight
of Monsieur du Plessis, “uttering with effort a few words, in which he
displayed all his ordinary sense and judgment.” He was further able
to recommend to his friend’s care his wife and four children, who
were thus losing him while still so young. But the distractions of this
life were fast slipping away from the dying man, and it was chiefly
upon his soul’s welfare that Du Plessis conversed with him.
“It is not for me,” said de la Trémoille, “to speak of anything but
that”; and, unheeding all else, he mustered his remaining strength
and speech to discuss the life to come—replying always with words
that showed his courage in the face of death, the assurance of his
faith in Christ, and displaying the sound judgment which had
distinguished him in the days of his health.
While de la Trémoille was thus struggling in the agonies of death,
his daughter Charlotte lay ill with an attack of smallpox; and the
distracted Duchess only left her husband’s bedside to tend the
suffering child.
 In the midst of all this trouble a message was brought her that her
sister-in-law, the Princess de Condé, desired to speak with her. The
Princess, she was told, had met with a mishap in the breaking-down
of her coach upon the road near Thonars, and she asked her sister-
in-law for the loan of her carriage. Little cordiality existed at this time
between the Princess and her brother. Damaging reports of her had
recently circulated. She was suspected in the first place of having
poisoned her husband. She had, moreover, found difficulty in
establishing proofs of the legitimacy of the son born to her after the
Prince’s death. In addition to this, she had forsworn the Reformed
faith, and given up her son, the little Prince de Condé, into the hands
of the King to be reared in the Catholic creed.
Whether the Princess really wanted the coach in order to proceed
on her journey, or whether she magnified the accident for the reason
of the opportunity it afforded her of becoming reconciled to her
brother, probably she alone knew; but in any case her visit was too
late for that. Monsieur de la Trémoille was already speechless. “I
cannot see her,” cried the Duchess, and she piteously entreated
Monsieur du Plessis not to allow the Princess to enter the château.
Du Plessis hesitated. He knew that the poor wife’s hopes that her
husband might recover were vain. He thought it possible that the
solemnity of the scene of her brother’s death-bed might exercise a
salutary effect upon his sister’s mind; but the distress of the Duchess
conquered him; and he wrote a respectful letter to the Princess
begging her to defer her visit.
Thus Madame de Condé continued her journey to Paris without
coming to Thonars; but she laid the blame of the refusal on Monsieur
du Plessis, who found some difficulty in clearing himself with the
King, for the affront that she considered she had received.
In the meantime, the Duke expired, aged only thirty-eight years.
He left his wife and children under the guardianship of the Elector-
palatine, of Prince Maurice of Nassau, of the Duke de Bouillon, and
of Monsieur du Plessis. He desired on his death-bed that his children
should be brought up in the Reformed faith.