JVM consists following major components :

• Class Loader :- Loads the class files. Sub systems are

LOADER: --> Has
1)Bootstrap class loader - Loads rt.jar(runtime) essential for running jvm
Its written in native language
2)Extension Class Loader - Loads jar files from ext folder of jdk (external
jars can be placed in it)
3)Application class loader - Loads class files from CLASSPATH
LINKER : Validates the byte code for compatibility
Allocates memory for variables and adds default value
INITIALIZATION : Variables are initialised and Static blocks are executed

• Runtime Data Access :

Method Area : Loader loads .class files here and stored in a class structure.
Identifiable through address
Heap Area :
Stack Area :
Program Control Register : Stores the address of each instruction and updates
with new when completed.
Native Method stack : for native lang methods
• Execution Engine : Has Interpreter , JIT Compiler, Garbage Collector
• Native Method Library : Lib for native languages
• JNI - Java Native Interface -->Interface to run native codes via native method
lib