SHREE KRISHNA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, VALSAD

WORKSHEET 2023–2024
Chap. 1 Crop Production and Management.
Name: _____________________________________ Grade: VIII
Roll No: ____________________ Subject:Science
Date:_______________________
 Do it yourself.
1. Which of the following is a Rabi Crop?
a) Rice
b) Mustard
c) Maize
d) Cotton
2. Which among the following is / are Kharif Crop(s)?
1. Maize 2. Rice 3. Groundnut 4.Cotton Select the correct option from the codes given below:
a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 1 and 3
c) 2 and 4
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
3. Which is the largest Wheat producing state?
a) Uttar Pradesh
b) Madhya Pradesh
c) Punjab
d) Haryana
4. Which among the following is not a rabi crop?
a) Radish
b) Pea
c) Mustard
d) carrot
5. Which of following is a cash crop?
a) Rice
b) Wheat
c) Sugarcane
d) Tea

 Subtopic: Preparation of soil

Multiple choice questions
(a) What do we call the practise of breeding and raising animals on a large scale?
i. Poultry farming ii. Pisciculture iii. Diary farming iv. Animal Husbandry
(b) In which process the organic nitrogen converted into ammonia due to the decomposition of
animals and plants corpse?
i. Nitrification ii. Ammonification iii. Denitrification iv.Nitrogen cycle
(c) What do we call the supply of water to the agricultural fields at regular intervals?
i. Irrigation ii. Broadcasting iii. Ploughing iv. Levelling the field
(d) In which practice the breeding of birds takes place to produce a higher yield of meat and eggs?
i. Pisciculture ii. Apiculture iii. Diary farming iv. Poultry farming

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(e) What do we call the combined farming of diary and poultry with pisciculture?
i. Animal Husbandry ii. Apiculture iii. Agriculture iv. Integrated farming
(f) The process of loosening of the soil is called
i) tilling ii)harvesting iii)spraying iv)weeding
(g) Watering the crops is called:
(i) sowing (ii) manurin g (iii) tilling (iv) irrigation
( h)Weeds are the:
(i) main crop plants (ii) insects and pests
(iii) unwanted plants growing along the crop (iv) chemical substances
(g )Combines are used for:
(i) sowing of seeds(ii) harvesting the crops (iii) threshing(iv) harvesting and threshing both.
(i )Separating grains from chaff is called:
(i) winnowing (ii) threshing (iii) falloing (iv) harvesting.
(j ) Weedicides are used to destroy:
(i) insects (ii) weeds(iii) pests (iv) none of these.
(k ) Kharif crops are sown in
(i) March, April (ii) May, June (iii) October, November (iv) Any time.
( l)Wheat and gram belong to
(i) Rabi crops (ii) Kharif crops (iii) Both of these (iv) None of these.
 Assertion and Reasoning.
1. ASSERTION : The loosening of soil allow the roots to breathe easily.
REASON : The loosened soil helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes present in the soil. These
organisms are friends of the farmer since they further turn and loosen the soil and add humus to it
2. ASSERTION: The soil needs to be turned and loosened..
REASON: Since only a few centimeters of the top layer of soil supports plant growth, turning and loosening
of soil brings the nutrient-rich soil to the top so that plants can use these nutrients.
 Very Short Answer type Questions.
1. Give few examples of weedicides.
2. Name the bacteria which fix atmospheric nitrogen.
3. What is called weeding?
4. Name the tool used for tilling of soil.
5. How are crumbs broken?
6. Write 2 natural methods of replenishing the soil with nutrients.
7. How is levelling of soil done?
8. What are the two ways of sowing the seeds?
9. How is ploughing done nowadays?
10. What is sowing?
11. Name two categories of crops based on season.

 Short Answer type Questions.

1. Name various agricultural practices in a sequence.
2. Why is paddy grown mainly in rainy season?
3. What are the different steps in preparation of soil?
4. Why is ploughing necessary before sowing seeds?
 Long Answer type Questions.
1. What is meant by transplantation? What are its advantages? (3m)
2. Why is it essential to sow seeds at an appropriate distance?
3. What do you mean by the term crop? Explain briefly the types of crops.
4. What is ploughing or tilling? State its advantages.
5. Define the term agricultural practices and also state the important steps taken during crop production.

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6Identify the following implements A, B,C,D,E and F.

A B C D

7. Explain a method to separate healthy seeds from damaged ones.

 Subtopic: Adding Manure and Fertilisers
1. ASSERTION : Farmers have to add manure to the fields to replenish the soil with nutrients.
REASON : Continuous cultivation of crops makes the soil rich in nutrients..
2. ASSERTION : In summer, the frequency of watering is lower.
REASON: it be due to the increased rate of evaporation of water from the soil and the leaves

 Define the following

1) Irrigation
2) Rabi crops
.3) Ploughing
4) Weeds
5) Animal Husbandry
 Short answer type questions:
1) Define Manure and give its any 2 advantages.
2) Describe modern methods of irrigation
3) Explain the term – Harvesting .
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION
1. Name the two fertilizers containing nitrogen and other containing phosphorous.
2. Why is excessive irrigation harmful to the crops?
3 Why should we grow seeds in moist soil?
4 Why do we need to irrigate fields well before sowing seeds?
5. What are organic foods?

 Case study

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1. The preparation of soil is the first step before growing a crop. One of the most important tasks in
agriculture is to turn the soil and loosen it. This allows the roots to penetrate deep into the soil. The loose soil
allows the roots to breathe easily even when they go deep into the soil. Why does the loosening of soil allow
the roots to breathe easily? The loosened soil helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes present in the
soil. These organisms are friends of the farmer since they further turn and loosen the soil and add humus to
it.But why the soil needs to be turned and loosened? You have learnt in the previous classes that soil
contains minerals, water, air and some living organisms. In addition, dead plants and animals get
decomposed by soil organisms. In this way, various nutrients in the dead organisms are released back into
the soil. These nutrients are again absorbed by plants. Since only a few centimetres of the top layer of soil
supports plant growth, turning and loosening of soil brings the nutrient-rich soil to the top so that plants can
use these nutrients. Thus, turning and loosening of soil is very important for cultivation of crops. The
process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing. This is done by using a plough.
Ploughs are made of wood or iron. If the soil is very dry, it may need watering before ploughing. The
ploughed field may have big clumps of soil called crumbs. It is necessary to break these crumbs. Levelling
the field is beneficial for sowing as well as for irrigation. Levelling of soil is done with the help of a leveller.
Sometimes, manure is added to the soil before tilling. This helps in proper mixing of manure with soil. The
soil is moistened before sowing.

1) Which of the following organism is widely known as the friends of farmers?

(a) Cow (b) Earthworm (c) Dog (d) Cockroach
2) The process of loosening and turning of soil is commonly termed
as …………………………………………………………………………………………...
(a) Watering (b) winnowing (c) Ploughing (d) Harvesting
3) Why is manure sometimes added to the soil before the process of tilling?
(a) For proper mixing of manure in soil (b) To reduce the workload
(c) To disinfect soil (d) For levelling properly
4) Explain in detail the importance of turning the soil and loosening it.
5) How is levelling of the soil done? What is the benefit of levelling?
2. The substances which are added to the oil in the form of nutrients for the healthy growth of plants are
called manure and fertilisers. Soil supplies mineral nutrients to the crop plants. These nutrients are essential
for the growth of plants. In certain areas, farmers grow crop after crop in the same field. The field is never
left uncultivated or fallow. Imagine what happens to the nutrients? Continuous cultivation of crops makes
the soil poor in nutrients. Therefore, farmers have to add manure to the fields to replenish the soil with
nutrients. This process is called manuring. Improper or insufficient manuring results in weak plants. Manure
is an organic substance obtained from the decomposition of plant or animal wastes. Farmers dump plant and
animal waste in pits at open places and allow it to decompose. The decomposition is caused by some
microorganisms. The decomposed matter is used as organic manure. Fertilisers are chemicals which are rich
in a particular nutrient. How are they different from manure? Fertiliser sare produced in factories. Some
examples of fertilisers are— urea, ammonium sulphate, superphosphate, potash, NPK (Nitrogen,Phosphorus,
Potassium).The use of fertilisers has helped farmers to get better yield of crops such as wheat, paddy and
maize. But excessive use of fertilisers has made the soil less fertile. Fertilisers have also become a source of
water pollution. Therefore, in order to maintain the fertility of the soil, we have to substitute fertilisers with
organic manure or leave the field uncultivated(fallow) in between two crops. The use of manure improves
soil texture as well as its water retaining capacity. It replenishes the soil with nutrients. Another method of
replenishing the soil with nutrients is through crop rotation. This can be done by growing different crops
alternately. Earlier, farmers in northern India used togrow legumes as fodder in one season and wheat in the

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 next season. This helped in the replenishment of the soilwith nitrogen. Farmers are being encouraged to
adopt this practice.
In the previous classes, you have learnt about Rhizobium bacteria.These are present in the nodules of roots
of leguminous plants. They fix atmospheric nitrogen. Advantages of Manure: The organic manure is
considered better than fertilisers. This is because:
 it enhances the water holding capacity of the soil.
 it makes the soil porous due to which exchange of gases becomes easy.
 it increases the number of friendly microbes.
 it improves the texture of the soil.
1) Organic substance obtained from the decomposition of plant and animal waste that helps in the healthy
growth of plants are called:
(a) Fertilisers(b) Chemicals(c) Manure(d) Cow dung
2) Excessive use of fertilisers is generally observed to …………………………………………………..
……………………………………?
(a) Decrease the fertility of soil(b) Increase the soil content
(c) Rise the amount of microbes(d) Rise the amount of water in soil
3) Which of the following nitrogen fixing bacteria is present in the root nodules of leguminous plants?
(a) E. coli(b) Rhizobium bacteria(c) Archaebacteria(d) Eubacteria
4) Write down some of the examples of commonly used fertilisers.
5) What do you understand by the term “crop rotation”? Give its importance.
NEWS ARTICLES
Producing more from less: How Indian agriculture has grown with limited ‘factors of production’
In agriculture, there are four – what economists would call – “factors of production”: Land,
water, labour and energy. Farmers use these factors or inputs to produce crops. For a given
level of technology, the output produced by them is largely determined by the quantity of inputs
used.
In the pre-Green Revolution era, agricultural production was primarily limited by the extent and
quality of land available for cultivation. India’s farm sector, according to a NITI Aayog paper
by Ramesh Chand and Jaspal Singh, grew by an average 2.8% a year during 1950-51 to 1961-
62. The driver was expansion in the land brought under the plough. The country’s net sown area
rose from 118.75 lakh to 135.40 lakh hectares (lh) over this period.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION BASED ON GIVEN ARTICLE.
1.What is green revolution?
2.What is crop rotation?

MINDMAP

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