32. Access modifier By Mr.

Vishnu

Access modifier in java

Access modifiers:

Access modifiers are keywords used for defining accessibility of classes, methods and
data members.

Types of access modifier.

1. Private.

2. Default

3. Protected

4. Public

Private:

Data members, methods and constructors that are declared with private access modifier
can be accessed into that class only.

Example:

PrivateAccessModifier.java

packagecom.sst;

/*This program is used to show that private members

of a class can be accessed in that class only*/
class Student {
// private members of the class
private int rollNo = 5;

private void showRollNo() {

// rollNo which a private data member is
// accessible in that class.
System.out.println("RollNo = " + rollNo);
}
}

public class PrivateAccessModifier {

public static void main(String args[]) {

1
Sri Sureka Technologies, NearAndraBank,Opposite Geethanjali High School, Near S.R.Nagar
UmeshChandraStachu, S.R.Nagar, Hyderabad-500038, Ph: 040-66616677, Mobile: +91-9885602332.
32. Access modifier By Mr. Vishnu

// creating Student class object

Student obj = new Student();

// compile time error because private members

// of a class can be accessed in that class only.
System.out.println(obj.rollNo);

obj.showRollNo();
}

Output:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.Error:

Unresolved compilation problems:

The field Student.rollNo is not visible

The method showRollNo() from the type Student is not visible

at com.javawithease.business.PrivateAccessModifier.main

(PrivateAccessModifier.java:24)

Note: A class can have a private constructor but we cannot create an instance of
that class from outside the class.

PrivateConstructor.java

packagecom.sst;

/*This program is used to show that we cannot create an instance

of that class from outside the class if constructor is private.
*/
class Student {
// private constructor of the class
private Student() {

2
Sri Sureka Technologies, NearAndraBank,Opposite Geethanjali High School, Near S.R.Nagar
UmeshChandraStachu, S.R.Nagar, Hyderabad-500038, Ph: 040-66616677, Mobile: +91-9885602332.
32. Access modifier By Mr. Vishnu

public void show() {

System.out.println("Hello javawithease.com");
}
}

public class PrivateAccessModifier {

public static void main(String args[]) {
// compile time error in creating Student class object
// because of private constructor.
Student obj = new Student();
}

Output:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.Error:

Unresolved compilation problem:

The constructor Student() is not visible

at com.javawithease.business.PrivateConstructor.main

(PrivateConstructor.java:22)

Note: Classes and interfaces can’t be private except nested classes.

Default:

Classes, data members, methods and constructors that are not declared with any
access modifier are treated as default. They can be accessed into all classes within the
same package only.

Example 1:

DefaultAccessModifier1.java

packagecom.sst;

3
Sri Sureka Technologies, NearAndraBank,Opposite Geethanjali High School, Near S.R.Nagar
UmeshChandraStachu, S.R.Nagar, Hyderabad-500038, Ph: 040-66616677, Mobile: +91-9885602332.
32. Access modifier By Mr. Vishnu

/*This program is used to show that members of the class

of a class can be accessed in the package level only.
*/
class Student {
//private members of the class
int rollNo = 5;

void showRollNo(){
System.out.println("RollNo = " + rollNo);
}
}

public class DefaultAccessModifier1 {

public static void main(String args[]) {
// creating Student class object
Student obj = new Student();
// No compile time error because members of the class
// of a class can be accessed in that package but can't be
// accessed outside the package.
System.out.println(obj.rollNo);
obj.showRollNo();
}
}

Output:

RollNo = 5

Example 2:

Display.java

packagecom.sst;

//This class is used to print a line.

public class Display {
void display(){
System.out.println("Hello vishnu.com");
4
Sri Sureka Technologies, NearAndraBank,Opposite Geethanjali High School, Near S.R.Nagar
UmeshChandraStachu, S.R.Nagar, Hyderabad-500038, Ph: 040-66616677, Mobile: +91-9885602332.
32. Access modifier By Mr. Vishnu

Test.java

packagecom.sst;

/*This program is used to show that default members of the class

are not accessible from outside the package.*/

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {
//compile time error because default members of the class
//are not accessible from outside the package.
Display obj = new Display();
obj.display();

Output:

Hello vishnu.com

Protected:

Data members, methods and constructors that are declared with protected access
modifier can be accessed into all classes within the same package and only in
subclasses outside the package.

Example 1:

Display.java

packagecom.sst;

//This class is used to print a line.

public class Display {
void display(){
5
Sri Sureka Technologies, NearAndraBank,Opposite Geethanjali High School, Near S.R.Nagar
UmeshChandraStachu, S.R.Nagar, Hyderabad-500038, Ph: 040-66616677, Mobile: +91-9885602332.
32. Access modifier By Mr. Vishnu

System.out.println("Hello vishnu.com");
}

Test.java

package com.sst;

/*This program is used to show that protected members of the

class are accessible from outside the package in subclasses.
*/

public class Test extends Display {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Test obj = new Test();

// No compile time error because protected members

// of the class are accessible from outside the
// package in subclasses.
obj.display();
}

Output:

Hello vishnu.com

Example 2:

Display.java

packagecom.sst;

//This class is used to print a line.

public class Display {
void display(){
System.out.println("Hello vishnu.com");
}
6
Sri Sureka Technologies, NearAndraBank,Opposite Geethanjali High School, Near S.R.Nagar
UmeshChandraStachu, S.R.Nagar, Hyderabad-500038, Ph: 040-66616677, Mobile: +91-9885602332.
32. Access modifier By Mr. Vishnu

Test.java

package com.sst;

/*This program is used to show that protected members of the class

are not accessible from outside the package in non-subclasses.*/

public class Test{

public static void main(String args[]) {
Display obj = new Display();
// compile time error because protected members
// of the class are not accessible from outside
// the package in non-subclasses.
obj.display();
}

Output:

Hello vishnu.com

Note: Classes and interfaces can’t be protected except nested classes.

Public:

Classes, data members, methods and constructors that are declared with public access
modifier can be accessed everywhere.

Example:

Display.java

packagecom.sst;

//This class is used to print a line.

public class Display {
7
Sri Sureka Technologies, NearAndraBank,Opposite Geethanjali High School, Near S.R.Nagar
UmeshChandraStachu, S.R.Nagar, Hyderabad-500038, Ph: 040-66616677, Mobile: +91-9885602332.
32. Access modifier By Mr. Vishnu

void display(){
System.out.println("Hello vishnu.com");
}

Test.java

package com.sst;

/*This program is used to show that public members of the class

are accessible everywhere.*/

public class Test {

public static void main(String args[]) {
Display obj = new Display();
// public members of the class accessible everywhere.
obj.display();
}

Output:

Hello vishnu.com

8
Sri Sureka Technologies, NearAndraBank,Opposite Geethanjali High School, Near S.R.Nagar
UmeshChandraStachu, S.R.Nagar, Hyderabad-500038, Ph: 040-66616677, Mobile: +91-9885602332.