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    unit-III

    Uploaded by

    chsaipriya

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 53
    UNITS Data Reproentation computers 15 shoved ve data of conto) ivormation ovo que 4 bike ued sara needed for sand othed bingy © fon tp aunieve requvedl wwrmputational puter reqines ound in tne, ¥EqESHeNs at dinjval commeusers 4 04 being Ont 4, toe fonction t io eithronc: commqutatons din ar Re Number 4ysFems A nayeek Syste © Scanned with OKEN Scanner the quannly Anos axio' 44x10 Sx10-! k 4 nundveds plus 2 Lens PM a Gua umber can lve, stati He -vepeesents form uses the radi vey find ane quant Phe number Syst used one 6 and de inverpreted ". us ot agit wouol Ing! spon ot 1234 142" 4 one a a ich peewee dTFFEreN odin, Ibe. enulogea| in pexentineteg as 0 SUBSE OS > For example, oad binary forty fe cs he dial and biNeNY numb vaaie $) and hex. dtimal (rade Ie ) compures war's mymools oe weupdel AgD ea ai jauiq i converted 1 sty ord uNe ot Yous 3x89 6x4 3 2 Ga8-54. Wateat @etirnal © scanned with OKEN Scanner oat digits ~v Gwe binary mumber a ee eG SHOL pratkon = 0- L845 octal equivarent ot contre © scanned with OKEN Scanner ACY MAMET LOMSISES Ef a String Gf 44 and Os,” a inca yu 48th ile al Gee WE TEGISTEN con bE used to grow ay Binary ei from 0 0 24 Me exsmpey AME WINGS mambeY sre A fa Me veq'SheY equivalent of decimal 44599 4 frac We low-order bie, we pantition Ane gantine sates Sto mag OF Met bit each, cn gpoup Of Fhvee bike 1s aysiguedl Ys octal dient awd plac ontop et the vedister aning ef octal digits. so obtained vopreters me equivalent of eke finery nuraber feo Si wen adecional is. Silay cept ve pits ove aivited into qrDURS of four eapondiog, nexadecal git for Ong aadiional Agile To ebtained sepesents he Mexadecim) os of te nae aber ‘7 conten ta git foe each qaoup ob small cut soured i gating Ie Re he ved cometpondance beweeo @ valent abt code cain oe © scanned with OKEN Scanner wv " 901 00! q we po! ol0 10 24 pio 100 30 2 1x0 010 70 las p 01100 oN a4 340 tl 11 000 249 fre Binary sede it obtained by the eutal equivareat oF deci we binary coded ancl tre binery-loded hexadeel 001 oo © qa is onool ve weadiog terms 0 these, 4 tat “Heir bi combi > we neglect 7 Teprerentanions we Ke inary “coded Wexadecional_nlombexs 1 Binanycoked decimal ramiss vena desieval equival 000 ° \ p00 | 1 fs 2010 2 4 x 4 * 5 oto) 6 + ‘ . © scanned with OKEN Scanner sap . 6 vou is c \W00 Gap © Wot % | & Wo A 3 F wy MF | 4 0001 ovo. 20, ! ‘3 ono cot) 94 rs vt i000 248 registers tm a dig Bik 1 aging me enn be aegiaets: by Ans ee euenbet ok digi ¥ Decimal Rep re Bi0 syvern fot i fine, decid Sy wood “tee OF cats winery code met © scanned with OKEN Scanner RE Wrst qowkain ok teak four bthe , uk Win Yemgie unassiqued Dihe dit assignment motk comment Geaienal arqis Uts ate saaiget Sineal va ane, Ssh 10 OME ca pede! Eanes and £5 commonly yore 48 YTS ae inary coaed pesinal (BLD) wombers Binary coat decimay decimal) nwt (c60) rysmboet a 0000 ; ‘ pool 2 ove old 4 prod 5 10’ eur i ow 4 1000 yoo! a is (oop) 0000 20 poo 000 sp oor e000 3 toot 190) a pote lop 1000 © scanned with OKEN Scanner . Ta agents TAME UML I diaivel computers for hg BRE Memnvaunon operttion and + ati * cnt WOO AYRE OF Compernanté fay of bogieal ath b ase ne Th complement Vg We VANWE OH RE BbaKe TES culosrifured in the jae NWO HYPE ant FeETEA Hy OH Wwe 2s ands Count’ bot nang nitenbess and Es and 6 [percents 498 decimal numbos: ays conan a + ae crngartst wn is, ae “Gd ai suo umber5 10 and 1, So Anes sompit i) ote epesenrs © scanned with OKEN Scanner ane (7 nm, murmurs Oe orate wy eee (rs) compte ye 9's eee an vedi te jis and os 2°80, porinae ando fur ‘ OT pompiunents Mi romortng it? te os oak a Gein’ oro me sine ae (om eae romper 9080 1 iol = Riek $y soca 9 te 014 comceerly > iw 3s Hane Ot pinay VON. <1 Ren ppvaired! t satay, ° Sonam % vate Be a, oh SRN aepresenied A” o's torn ‘1 a oor aes ve pn teat fone a sqntticont Bit > tre 104, covnphement guerco © 492300 povained my CONG are fom 9 ow as q as cornplemen Bormed by Sell a men and he Ke o> wy a 0 ea cal exer Vighe” ig SS rnedscomel™ 1100 #5 0010100 andl acre my oF lou-ordey Of A. unstaged, and ef iy i Ms 5 oy o's and 08 Bigs ones four t j Su ive oviginal em sumves ws combosls a sedix POR Fe reves tropa Ane Sa x to torn tee ax, pore is sen vearmed 9 1D , se (ol elane. emnxcrt ETE saute 1H © seann canned with OKEN Scanner tr: cox is. F a urbe . ie 7 he | Bex OF wrsigned Numbers. “awed vadthned Of Subtratton, uh sa, Boalt ~ oyu otOd we EMO a 4 From gg “incaot ROSHON When the minuendh dia: vd Phan the oe rer © scanned with OKEN Scanner MUMBeT?) ee gag hwo bINDW ee ane sub era Y= Vooool we perform : eaphement =x wing 2% © : 3 X= 10VOr00 ts peepee Teen sum F 10010001 piscord end comp? = - 19000009 = coloool deuwed XY y= l00001 2s vompremneat OX = 4 o1onon sum = town sTee is no end com dustwes th negate. ootepol =25 mine Fixed point Repreaentakion postive neque incding 108, can be cnsigned ell ’ NS, aepeteat gate Megas we nx _ntgatve Yale Ly trece ove, 90) waste Of ape NG TS Pinay (point me TigSteas DTre Heed POM Point aways sized 9 one position > The b00 PPSitIONS most: | used ave Oe weaierer fo Wake TRE stored number oft owennet tad one 3) a winery goin Ga he Sitveme. ign to Ymane tne Sroved numbts gin fe me Aooding -goink — veprerentaarl whet et § gk to Some a Number tmak SOO oF yme aecional point tine $n © scanned with OKEN Scanner pants © firsk ROE ¥e ex coed Mme cc vr sesond pa Aes > only tne poyiea lh © scanned with OKEN Scanner rE og ae eee ) ™xaee + (Jooutw), xa mA Hoating-Point number fs Said 49 | We the mosh significant AtgtE of tel MON Revd + >The wamber can be normalized by gifting it thyee positions to tne 4, Aiecending” the \eading o's 48 obtain ay The mee sheng multiply, me aR > Normalized numbers provide Re mg Possible precision fey the soaking > A zero commot ve nowmolized be wok Wave o won Zep aigit > Fe is usually represemted in #loase ON ds m whe mantissa and exponent > nvithmeic operations with roasting: Ove More Complicated than ontimeie with xed Pome numisers and they Nongey amd veqhives more fase scdemiee! nova wore» 4 Addition and sulotracko Dusing addon oF subbatKen ake 400 4 mae axe in AC ond BR: The sum oF formed Inthe AC: THE algoritim can be al Bur CoMeaative parts? A -check fos Aeros 2+ Aigh Yne eanbissas 3+ had ov subhrach the mantissas. BNvrmalise the wesutt Ateating- point nambes that fs zero ized Vi tis wumber (5 used dawing + iso be xerO- it cy fos zcros at we here for z2108 ob begion % and © scanned with OKEN Scanner i: akan a sve SYED REE Taheiad erat ne. canied price YB Swely operation wre mankissas nes Oe added oy suumauted, he {oy BE trnovralized « at a c68"" ormalt ZOHO9 PrOtedUse: eases ral gnc yes jonnatized prior 40 Hs Nanifer tp mein gre ftowenwat For aasing ¢ ov saoainge Heating (piney Mamba mre soya igure: ty BRS equal AD ery tne OREFAKTON f5 feresonied, «Mowat In THE AG sing came sult wc i equa 49 HO, werhaniie axt tere a aenvacied , ‘ee weitner namabes S € re aNig manta: a) te 2e10 We proceed, rine magyniiude 0 Tana D pRNIAES Nee cre magnitudes art the two OP Foe anime op evasion iMag ame exponents: 29: ne smalvey Expentat $68 expount meementa: tse Manton Oxpontnts, Sgave magnitude post se Pn Set — ox man “acady © scanned with OKEN Scanner Agave poict aml © scanned with OKEN Scanner evant SS a ceuvake ointained © © scanned with OKEN Scanner the A shown 40 gine ve enteked 18 ° rae, fuag, opemane contain a 200" see : rand is) equal #9 £0x014 Soa nek oped ee onl nl he is sek 40 200 0 ‘ cian veitaer oeotne! operands Beta Process tombinues wit ane HPO ne oh ‘exponent of WE rat Tekween exponents a and b tee ig neuessory to tranvfes, Olay aus ine WO ee enstand transfes th > since bpvh exponents axe tase ey & coniant, ane Cxponent sumn will Waves The concede biased exponent for We by sawhacting ane bias number for tne are ruth plication of THe mantissa s Swe fixed-point cone wir thE: (realli Bora Cannot cous daring Melkipli 1s wo need 40 cae tox tk Ssthe prdutt may te have oo under significant pit in A 46 Checeed Sy it is a4, the predate 15 aly and te exponent decremented, on one we multiplex ond vnultiplicand weve or novwealixed and Contained fyacrsons: ¥ PF The smallest vormaliced epevand 160. 2¢ smatttst possible produ {5 O0) « m fii te lou. onder hat 3 Only Hae Wate \ fev Me floating ay az © scanned with OKEN Scanner raat coin Division + © scanned with OKEN Scanner op sence Tea vave 0 GET owtrtiow ie Me re cane na rent Fixed-poit ema i aoa prawn Tne RP iviaead point masnbers eH guitend, tester # Aryonent necescnned a) * rte easier above $$ acjened bo a gent : er ysion et-ned normalized esting ‘a nonmalized quali ih oles rts eae rot 15 owed saya o viaend ai avis Suokike Hue cntr operations the qsels faker Ht division doe nok vequlve a 80H _sine division algpsitnen canbe Sabai sive pants Arches for 20x08 Te weriatize veqisiers and evaluate 4ne 3 igo the dividend 4c subtract Ane @pENEONS vide the mantiiva. sane yoo opesonds ave oneked for Ze ST we diver 16 zex0, Th Indicates an fe divide by ze, whieh om Megat ope She operation {S Aermingded with on eWoh 2ioleteosie pola: Son Raa Cee, eee number, wi aden pee) One ahdind tot ME ee eee AViaind i meqenvee @ scanned with OKEN Scanner equal 40 4 © scanned with OKEN Scanner © scanned with OKEN Scanner addey clay © scanned with OKEN Scanner We know thet Substrata con ovat of complement” and add xeaurt cormparision ean foe delete end carvy aftes subtrackion Hod Ware iraple mentation of addi sulbtraction “operations Bs] [G Register L lave] [comapiementey aor] © KYL povaliel Agger ri eee The addition Of -# plus B is done Poraltel adder The s(sum) pukpuk of. applied to Me input Of Ghe A yeni ~The Comple menkey provides an" ofp THE Comple ment of aepending _ {we wodt eonbol Mm: he Complementey consists and tw paca adder tonsil gol — The M signal ts tee applied 4g My Carry oF ane addes- ’ 7 When m0, se output ier Bis Aran: Whe Adder tne cpu Cony) is o-end OH ame Addex ts equal to Mine Cam AAD Wen Mat, the a's complement of B fo Ane adder, tne input Cony 15 As andy of exctusiv, SAaBals 2 Wi He equal 20 A plus the WE com ®t By Wn is equivalent to ane suntrall AB ~ © scanned with OKEN Scanner © scanned with OKEN Scanner ase tier ex 0 SEO operanion” mitudes Ove gubtvacted —sthe Magy thee to ave: o's COMP of ~ 5 no overfiow CAP oceus tt the suprracted » 5° ave wareased 400. Mw hnaveates Anoka an a is conech ataull “sag the amber 55 exo Ane Sign avoid 0 negative 2 made positive 42 ao ine ctnarcates Hoa 5 spor ri cane ES wecessany, 40 eprersent OF HE —Ssthis operatio gperation ASAE" —stt ts then getesara 4> Compl dhiain te comed sign i acsige® Me is found in eqs Wes Nolue tm ANE provides an 0 Tndicako the final Wolue of & fo bon wm can bE © scanned with OKEN Scanner ee “sceulion OF 0. --Fired-poiat bina nity Vy cmmagnitude vests ) fs dove with " ad PED py & proess OF S AVE SME and » poration AST How youd 14 ge VW oh po000% 0000 © scanned with OKEN Scanner pre Ayegisies Lata Arvialiy the muikiplican d 16 in veg) multiplied in B+ ¥ She sum of A and B towns a p; whith 7s transfered 4o the Ex veqts > botn partial product’ and mal fone vignt : Pit swt depiertal wi be denoted Stokement ChYEAG to detiqnale tye ‘ 1h signif yeamt Tie ot A ts | vifiant postion oF @. awe Ane most Significant’ Wifted into ‘ nifty Ones OF Ane paul Paiking ie mul ipl ig qtmost 44 Yan AN hold thee ‘ot Be inspected nei © scanned with OKEN Scanner © scanned with OKEN Scanner RO ee the mullipli®y {0 gn is tesrede ry this a 4, Ie mmutiph cane § to we present genio! cn Sy ik ts a0 nothing + On 4 ik is we Dawe is aren gape, OME . ane new partial prmd! 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Theta wer gRetee a ie wo *e, 0, we Sry i is wok OM vepeaied and a Ne® ihe process gers 3 Nowe sat he pat is qwigted toto 8 OM eventually rep Rees *HE raulkiplicy: ae kr peau i ea with A hoding HAE Most signiiean & alsiog me leah segaitiont tits Mmuipticand Beton , multiplies 6 = tooN E e * multiplitx ing cA Aa Bqstjadd B voilt First peatial produto Tout pees opto toot Bel, ada 6 you land pend i Shy EA Bnz0; ‘a ie. 1 ool onNoo Na=0} SEA, 4 oe wo BneDp swicrg ovo 10 ©0100 elo” pay Voll row ‘ ©1101 tory Sh» Divot ety AMA AS . ° uct Voip) © scanned with OKEN Scanner © scanned with OKEN Scanner prision Aone poate wo ned palate epresentadi on {S press of § gpevations > Division of de Raed magni wha ep is pivsion ts simelet, Aa ontle orient dige fivision Ye ecouse the 4 swore £5 Mo need to Ded Oe ec cauak (oo ential many Aimnth ; aes Siow ane Alvis e” Dwisor: DID Guskient=g Bt0001 JOU Do0oD dividend = A = Olin bits Of AKB, quolie OM00 bis OF MAB { E1000) ange nignt @ and = 010110 ~ 1900), Ses ah ene STi SME Mgnt & and odlD vioioo ReMainaey ALB —> Bn Sek foo, Me Om ts vepeaked protess © scanned with OKEN Scanner — bt example ¢ We neh behind a sing ot g's yom a? toa! 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