Q7 (a) Use Laplace transform to solve the initial value problems

y +3 y +2 y=g ( t ), y ( 0 )=0 , y ( 0 )=1 ,

'' ' '
Q7(b)

{
g ( t )= 1 ,∧0 ≤t <1
0 ,∧t ≥1

{ 12 + 12 e }u ( t−1)
−2 t
1 −1 −2 ( t −1) −(t−1)
Answer 2 2
e − −e

1 1 −2 t 1 −(t −1 ) 1 −2 (t −1)
y ( t ) = − e − u(t−1)+ e u(t−1)− e u(t−1)
2 2 2 2

Solution 7(b)

Use Laplace Transform to solve initial value problem:

2
d y dy
2
+3 +2 y=g( t) , y ( 0 ) =0 , y ' ( 0 )=1
dt dt

Solution 5
2
d y dy
Let dt
2
+3 +2 y=g( t)…………………………(1)
dt

Taking Laplace Transform of (1)

{ }
2
d y dy
L 2
+3 +2 y =L { g (t) }
dt dt
As Laplace Transform is linear, apply it on R.H.S on above
expression:

{ } { }
2
d y dy
L 2
+L 3 + L {2 y }=L { g(t ) }
dt dt
Taking 3 and 2 out from Laplace Transform of above
expression:

{ } { }
2
d y dy
L 2
+3 L +2 L { y }=L { u ( t )−u(t−1) }………………….(2)
dt dt
But

{ }
2
d y 2
L 2
=s Y (s)−sy ( 0 )− y ' ( 0 )
dt

L {dydt }=sY (s )− y ( 0), L { y }=Y (s)

1
L { u(t) } =
s
−s
e
L { u(t−1) }= ……………………..(3)
s
Put (3) in (2)

{ } { }
2
d y dy
L 2
+3 L +2 L { y }=L { L { u ( t )−u(t−1) } }……………….(2)
dt dt
−s
{ s 2 Y (s)−sy ( 0 )− y ' ( 0 ) }+3 { sY ( s )− y ( 0 ) } +2 Y ( s )= 1 − e
s s
−s
2 1 e
s Y ( s )−sy ( 0 )− y ' ( 0 ) +3 sY ( s )−3 y ( 0 ) +2 Y (s )= −
s s
−s
2 1 e
s Y ( s )+ 3 sY ( s ) +2 Y ( s )− y ' ( 0 )−sy ( 0 ) −3 y ( 0 )= −
s s

Given that y ( 0 )=0 , y ' ( 0 )=1

−s
2 1 e
s Y ( s )+ 3 sY ( s ) +2 Y (s)−1= −
s s
 −s
2 1 e
s Y ( s )+ 3 sY ( s ) +2 Y ( s )=1+ −
s s
−s
2 s +1 e
s Y ( s )+ 3 sY ( s ) +2 Y ( s )= −
s s

−s
{ s2 +3 s+2 } Y ( s )= s +1 − e
s s
−s
s+1 e
(s+1)(s+2)Y ( s ) = −
s s

−s
s+1 e
Y ( s )= −
s ( s+1)(s+2) s (s +1)(s+ 2)
−s
1 e
Y ( s )= −
s ( s+2) s (s +1)(s +2)

−s −s −s
11 1 1 1e e 1 e
Y ( s )= − − + −
2 s 2 s+2 2 s s+1 2 (s+ 2)

Taking Inverse Laplace Transform on both sides:

{ }
−s −s −s
L
−1
{ Y ( s ) }=L−1 1 1 − 1 1 − 1 e + e − 1 e
2s 2 s+ 2 2 s s+ 1 2 (s+ 2)

As Inverse Laplace Transform is linear, apply it on R.H.S on

above expression:
1
L−1 { Y ( s ) }= L−1
2 {}
1 1 −1 1
− L
s 2
1
− L−1
s+2 2
e−s
s
+ L−1 { }
e−s 1
− L−1
s+1 2
e− s
s +2 { } { } { }
We know that
L−1 {e−as F (s) }=f (t−a)u ( t−a )

{ }
−s
e
Consider L
−1
s
u ( t−a )=u(t−1)
1
F ( s )=
s

L−1 { F( s) } =L−1 {1s }

f (t)=1
f ( t−a )=f ( t−1 )=1

{ }
−s
−1 e
L =u(t−1)
s

{ }
−s
e
Consider L
−1
s +1

u ( t−a )=u(t−1)
1
F ( s )=
s+1

L−1 { F( s) } =L−1 { s+11 }

−t
f (t )=e
−(t −1)
f ( t−a )=f ( t−1 )=e

{ }
−s
−1 e −(t −1 )
L =e u(t−1)
s +1

Consider L−1 { }e−s

s +2

u ( t−a )=u(t−1)
1
F ( s )=
s+ 2

L−1 { F( s) } =L−1 { s+12 }

−2t
f (t)=e
−(t −2)
f ( t−a )=f ( t−1 )=e

L−1 { }e−s
s +2
=e−(t −2) u (t−1)
 {s } { s+2 } { } { } { }
−s −s −s
L
−1
{ Y ( s ) }= 1 L−1 1 − 1 L−1 1 − 1 L−1 e + L−1 e − 1 L−1 e
2 2 2 s s+1 2 s +2
1 1 −2 t 1 −(t −1 ) 1 −2 (t −1)
y ( t ) = − e − u(t−1)+ e u(t−1)− e u(t−1)
2 2 2 2