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Must Know High School Algebra, 2nd Edition Christopher Monahan full chapter instant download
Must Know High School Algebra, 2nd Edition Christopher Monahan full chapter instant download
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Second Edition
Chris Monahan
Laura Favata
ISBN: 978-1-26-428640-9
MHID: 1-26-428640-6
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Contents
Author’s Note ix
Introduction 1
The Flashcard App 4
Linear Equations 37
Solving Multistep Linear Equations 38
Solving Linear Equations with Variables on
Each Side of the Equation 41
Literal Equations 44
iii
Writing Equations 47
Ratios and Proportions 51
Percent of Change 54
Weighted Averages 57
Two-Way Tables 59
Exercises 61
Equations of
Linear Functions 65
Rate of Change and Slope 66
Graphing Equations in Slope-Intercept Form 74
Writing Equations in Slope-Intercept Form 78
Writing Equations in Point-Slope Form 81
Writing Equations in Standard Form 84
Graphing Equations in Standard Form 86
Parallel and Perpendicular Lines 89
Inverse Linear Functions 92
Exercises 95
Applications of Linear
Functions 101
Word Problems: Coins, Geometry, and Motion 102
Coin Problems 102
Geometry Problems 105
Motion Problems 108
Direct Variation 111
Sequences 114
Arithmetic Sequences as Linear Functions 118
Arithmetic Series 121
Absolute Value 124
Exercises 129
Quadratic Expressions
and Equations 215
Adding and Subtracting Polynomials 216
Multiplying a Polynomial by a Monomial 219
Multiplying Polynomials 220
Multiplying Binomials 220
Multiplying Polynomials 225
Special Products 227
Differences of Squares 228
Perfect Squares 228
Factoring Polynomials 230
First Step: Always look for a common factor. 230
Second Step: Is the polynomial one of the special polynomials? 231
Trial and Error: Part 1 233
Trial and Error: Part 2 235
Solving x + bx + c = 0
2
239
Exercises 241
Rational Expressions
and Equations 277
Inverse Variation 278
Rational Functions 280
Simplifying Rational Expressions 282
Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions 284
Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions 286
Mixed Expressions and Complex Fractions 289
Rational Equations 293
Dividing Polynomials 297
Exercises 303
Must Know High School Algebra continues to build on the skills and concepts
learned in your middle school math classes. Much of the work done in this
book concentrates on a formal process for solving equations and inequalities
(including graphical approaches). In addition, you will learn about the
arithmetic of polynomials, functions and function notation, solving
quadratic equations, solving exponential equations, and dig a little deeper
into the study of probability and statistics.
As a student, I used to hate the questions that started with “Kathy has
60 coins in her purse” and then go on to ask how many coins of each type
she has in her purse. I always wanted to tell Kathy to dump the contents of
her purse on the table and count the coins. As a teacher, I understood the
importance of learning the process of clearly defining the meaning of the
variables used and the relationships described in each of the equations and
inequalities written about those variables. I hope you will be patient as you
work through the book’s problems and remember that they will help you
understand how to analyze problems in real life.
Mathematics, in general, and this book in particular are not meant for
you to read only. You should always have a pencil, paper, and your calculator
with you when doing math. There are plenty of examples in the book with
explanations that will guide you through the steps involved. I encourage
you, though, to try to do the problems before you read the explanations. This
will give you a reasonable measure of how much you understand when you
first read the problem. Did you get stuck at some point? That’s fine.
The reason you bought this book was to help you get over whatever may
have been causing you trouble. Read through the explanations. Make sure
they seem logical to you. Go back and try the problem again. There are more
ix
problems for you to try in the exercise sections of each chapter, with the
answers and explanations available to you in the back of the book. There is
also a flashcard app for you in each of these sections.
This book begins each chapter with statements about what it is you must
know when you have completed the chapter. If you do not feel that you have
a good grasp of the items described at the beginning of the chapter, please
take the time to go back through the chapter until you do. You will be glad
that you did.
This book has other features that will help you on this algebra journey of
yours. It has a number of “sidebars” that will both help provide helpful
information or just serve as a quick break from your studies. The
sidebars (“by the way”) point out important information as well as study tips
and exceptions to the rule. Every once in a while, an sidebar (“in real life”)
will tell you what you’re studying has to do with the real world; other IRLs may
just be interesting factoids.
But that’s not all—this new edition has taken it a step further. We know
our algebra students well and we want to make sure you’re getting the most
out of this book. We added new EASY sidebars that point out common
MISTAKE
mistakes and things not to do. For those needing a little assistance, we have
our EXTRA HELP feature, where more challenging concepts, topics, or
questions are given some more explanation. And finally, one special note
for the teachers (because we didn’t forget about you!)—a Teacher’s Guide
section at the back of the book is a place where you can go to find tips and
strategies on teaching the material in the book, a behind-the-scenes look at
what the authors were thinking when creating the material, and resources
curated specifically to make your life easier!
In addition, this book is accompanied by a flashcard app that will give you
the ability to test yourself at any time. The app includes more than
100 “flashcards” with a review question on one “side” and the answer on the
other. You can either work through the flashcards by themselves or use them
alongside the book. To find out where to get the app and how to use it, go to
the next section, The Flashcard App.
We also wanted to introduce you to your guides throughout this book.
Chris Monahan and Laura Favata have decades of experience teaching
students at multiple levels. They know what you should get out of an algebra
course and the strategies that will help get you there. They have seen the
typical kinds of problems that students can have with algebra. In this book,
they use their experience to show you not only the most effective way to
learn a given concept but how to get yourself out of traps you might have
fallen into. We are confident that we’re leaving you in good hands.
the worst. Don’t try to see if you can get away with going through the
motions; instead, let the authors introduce you to the concept and show
you how to apply it confidently to your algebra work. If you’ll take our
word for it, mastering the quadratic formula will leave you in good stead
for the rest of your math career.
Good luck with your studies!
The Editors at McGraw Hill
his book features a bonus flashcard app. It will help you test
yourself on what you’ve learned as you make your way through
the book (or in and out). It includes 100-plus “flashcards,” both
“front” and “back.” It gives you two options as to how to use it. You can jump
right into the app and start from any point that you want. Or you can take
advantage of the handy QR Codes near the end of each chapter in the book;
they will take you directly to the flashcards related to what you’re studying
at the moment.
To take advantage of this bonus feature, follow these easy steps:
Search for McGraw Hill Must Know App from
either Google Play or the App Store.
Download the app to your smartphone or tablet.
Once you’ve got the app,
you can use it in either of two ways.
Just open the app and Use your phone’s QR Code reader
you’re ready to go. to scan any of the book’s QR codes.
You can start at the beginning, You’ll be taken directly to the flashcards
or select any of the chapters listed. that match your chapter of choice.
You have already learned that Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally (PEMDAS)
has been the mnemonic that most students have learned for remembering
the order of operations. Parentheses (or any grouping symbols) have the top
priority followed by exponents, multiplication and division as they occur from
left to right, and addition and subtraction as they occur from left to right. The
order of operations is important in the evaluation of algebraic expressions as
well as in determining the method with which equations are solved.
EXAMPLE
Compute: 87 + 9(27 − 5 )
2 3
�
12 × 3
XXThis almost looks like the last problem, with the exception that the
denominator contains the product of 12 and 3.
3 5 incorrect computation.
+
XXCalculate: 4 8
11 7
−
12 24
XXMost people would argue that this problem is just plain ugly. I am
going to disagree with that opinion because I am going to make the
problem easier to compute. We all know that when you add or subtract
fractions, you must first find a common denominator. So, in complex
fractions, you first multiply the numerator and denominator of the
complex fraction by the common denominator of ALL of the fractions
in the problem. In this case, that number is 24.
3 5 3 5 3 5
+ + 24 +
4 8 = 4 8 24 = 4 8
11 7 11 7
11
−
7 − 24 24 −
12 24 12 24 12 24
3 5
24 + 24
4 8 18 + 15 33 11
=
11 7 = 22 − 7 = 15 = 5
24 − 24
12 24
applied, –8(4 + (–4)) becomes –8(4) + (–8)( –4) and this must equal 0. We
know –8(4) = –32, so –32 + (–8)( –4) = 0. Therefore, (–8)( –4) must equal
positive 32, and we can state that when two numbers with the same sign are
multiplied, the product is positive.
EXAMPLE
Try this.
EXAMPLE
« Monsieur,
« Jʼai reçu la lettre que vous mʼavez fait lʼhonneur de mʼécrire le
8 de ce mois, par laquelle vous me faites celui de me marquer que le
Ministre vous charge, Monsieur, de lʼinformer si je voudrais bien faire
un devis bien exact des ouvrages à faire à la rivière de Caen et
quelles sont à peu près mes idées sur la récompense que je crois
devoir attendre du Roi. Je suis bien persuadé, Monsieur, que si lʼon
voulait sʼen rapporter à vous, vous arrangeriez les choses en
ministre généreux, en vrai Colbert, et que nous ne marchanderions
pas. Mais aujourdʼhui, Monsieur, nous voyons renaître le temps du
bon Juvénal, qui disait avec le fiel que vous lui connaissez: Probitas
laudatur et alget, aujourdʼhui, dis-je, ce trop vrai bon mot, que jʼavais
oublié depuis mes classes, mʼest revenu en mémoire par la triste
expérience que jʼai faite de son application. Or, écoutez donc mon
histoire, Monsieur, sʼil vous plaît. Elle mériterait dʼêtre mise en vers
sur lʼair des Pendus, car elle est assez tragique pour ma pauvre
famille. Et, en effet, je nʼai jamais dû mʼattendre à un sort
communément heureux, étant né le vendredi immédiatement après
dîner, Saturne et Mercure en conjonction, le soleil éclipsé de onze
doigts, et la lune, qui luit pour tant dʼautres couleur dʼargent, était
pour lors comme couverte dʼun sac de poil noir. Ce langage,
Monsieur, connu des adeptes seulement, vous doit paraître
extravagant; je nʼen suis pas surpris. Mais souvenez-vous que...
sapientis est desipere in loco.
« Il y a quatre ou cinq ans, Monsieur, que la navigation de la
Somme étant interrompue dans Abbeville pour communiquer à
Amiens, quelques ingénieurs des ponts et chaussées avaient
insinué à M. Chauvelin un beau et superbe canal à demi-lieue hors
de la ville, mais ce canal avec les écluses pouvait aller à quelques
millions; la Cour voulut savoir sʼil nʼy avait pas de remède moins
violent. M. de Regemorte, qui aime ma famille, me proposa, en vue
sûrement de me faire du bien. Je reçus donc ordre dʼexaminer; et,
sur mon rapport, on jugea quʼoutre la dépense inutile et exorbitante,
il résultait du projet une désertion totale de la ville, comme il
arriverait à Caen, Monsieur, si le projet de Colleville avait jamais lieu.
Je remarquai donc quʼil nʼétait question que de curer lʼancien bras de
la Somme dans la ville, assez bas sous un pont de pierre pour que
les barques pussent y passer de mer basse, afin que de mer haute
lʼarche de ce pont ne leur servît plus dʼobstacle étant une fois
passées, car il arrivait, Monsieur, que ces barques, attendant la
marée pour passer sous ce pont, se trouvaient souvent prises sous
la voûte et sʼy écrasaient. On suivit mon avis, par ordre du Conseil;
mais comme je nʼavais pas barbouillé beaucoup de papier, ni fait un
projet à millions, tout lʼouvrage sʼest fait sans quʼil ait été seulement
fait mémoire du pauvre saint, et jʼen fus pour mes frais avec une
chute de cheval qui faillit à me tordre le cou. Ce quʼil y eut encore de
singulier à cet ouvrage ou curement, est quʼil fut dirigé et conduit par
Messieurs de ville, qui, pour aller plus vite (en dépense
apparemment), employèrent six cents travailleurs où il nʼen pouvait
tenir à lʼaise que cent cinquante au plus; tout le reste devint
spectateur bénévole. – Fin de mon premier point.
e
«2 POINT.
« Monsieur,
« Jʼai reçu ici la lettre que vous mʼavez fait lʼhonneur de mʼécrire
le 2, par laquelle vous me faites celui de me mander que les fonds
ne sont pas encore accordés pour lʼexécution de mon devis.
« Je ne suis pas assez rempli de vanité pour me prévaloir dʼun
dessein qui est tout vôtre, Monsieur. La gloire vous en est due sans
aucun partage. Et sûrement le public me traiterait avec mépris si,
après avoir fait éclater ma pensée sur ces ouvrages, jʼavais lʼorgueil
de me parer dʼun projet qui nʼest point du tout de mon imagination.
Je vous supplie donc, Monsieur, de faire en sorte quʼil ne soit point
question de moi. La seule idée que je sois homme à me faire
honneur de lʼusage dʼautrui me ferait rougir de honte quand jʼirais
dans le pays, où je ne prévois pas heureusement avoir le temps dʼy
faire aucun voyage, pour voir la famille de mon épouse. Je dis
heureusement, Monsieur, parce quʼil a plu au Roi de me charger
dʼun détail dans deux de ses places qui me fait honneur. Cʼest aussi
où je dois me renfermer pour ne pas tromper lʼattente de mes
supérieurs et jʼai de lʼouvrage pour toute lʼannée. Vous me saurez
bon gré, Monsieur, de cette scrupuleuse attention qui, en même
temps que je ferai mon devoir, me délivrera des corvées dʼun
évêque in partibus. Je suis encore, outre cela, malheureusement
dʼun âge fort dangereux et incurable même, à cause des années
passées, comme il est dit fort élégamment dans les pronostications
Pantagruéliques. »