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Contributors

Donald H. Baucom? PhD, is Distinguished Professor of Psychology and

director of the Clinical Psychology Program at the University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill. His research has included controlled outcome studies
of cognitive-behavioral marital therapy, as well as the development of
instruments for assessing couples' standards, attributions, and other cogni-
tions. He has collaborated extensively with Norman B. Epstein on empirical
studies of couples' cognitions, as well as on workshops, many book
chapters, and the text Cognitive-Behavioral Marital Therapy (1990). Dr.
Baucom also has won several awards for excellence in undergraduate
teaching, and he maintains an active clinical practice.
Insoo Kim Berg, MSSW, is director and cofounder (with Steve de
Shaver) of the Brief Family Therapy Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Many of her papers and books have been translated into eight different
languages. Her most recent publications include Family-Based Services: A
Solution-Focused Approach (1994); Working with the Problem Drinker
(with coauthor S. Miller, 1992); Interviewing for Solutions (with coauthor,
P. Dejong, 1997); and Brief Treatment Manual for Substance Abuse (with
coauthor N. Reuss, 1997).
Norman B. Epstein, PhD, is a professor of family studies at the
University of Maryland, College Park. He is a fellow of the American
Psychological Association and a clinical member of the American Associa-
tion for Marriage and Family Therapy. A major portion of his teaching,
research, scholarly writing, and clinical practice is focused on the assess-
ment and treatment of couple and family problems. His collaboration with
Donald H. Baucom has included empirical studies of couple relationships,
professional workshops, numerous book chapters, and their book Cogni-
tive-Behavioral Marital Therapy (1990).
Joseph B. Eron, PsyD, is founder (1981) and codirector of the Catskill
Family Institute (CFI) with offices in New York's Hudson Valley region. In
the late 1970s and early 1980s, he wrote several book chapters that contrib-
uted to the integration of core concepts and techniques in brief family therapy.
In recent years, he has published numerous articles and chapters on CFPs
unique narrative solutions approach, and has presented and trained in the
United States and Canada. Eron's recent book with coauthor Thomas W.

vii
viii Contributors

Lund, Narrative Solutions in Brief Therapy (1996), focuses on what works

to generate helpful conversations inside and outside the therapy session; it
has allowed their approach to reach a broad audience.
Marion S. Forgatch, PhD, is a research scientist at the Oregon Social
Learning Center, where she is principal Investigator of a 5-year study with
Gerald R. Patterson to test an intervention designed to help single mothers
prevent and ameliorate their children's conduct problems. Her professional
life is divided between basic research and clinical application. She has
published numerous journal articles and book chapters in the areas of single
parenting, family process, prevention, and therapy process and outcome.
Her intervention publications include books, audiotapes, and videotapes
that teach principles involved in effective family living.
Paula Hanson~Kalm? MBS? MA, CP3 received her legal education in
her native Singapore, where she was admitted as advocate and solicitor to
the Singapore Supreme Court. After years as a missionary in the Philippines
and Taiwan, she moved to the United States (with her husband and
daughter) to attend Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, where she obtained
a master of arts degree in counseling psychology. She Is a licensed profes-
sional counselor and has been a senior resident in marriage and family
therapy at Cross Keys Counseling Center in Atlanta, Georgia, since 1994,
where she works closely with Luciano L9 Abate.
Harville Hendrix, PhD, is the president and founder of the Institute
for Imago Relationship Therapy in Winter Park, Florida. He is the author
of Getting the Love 'You Want: A Guide for Couples (1988) and Keeping
the Love You Find: A Guide for Singles (1992), and coauthor of Giving
the Love That Heals: A Guide for Parents (with Helen Hunt, 1997).
Michael E Hoyt, PhD, is senior staff psychologist and former director
of adult psychiatric services at the Kaiser Perrnanente Medical Center in
Hayward, California; and a clinical faculty member of the University of
California School of Medicine, San Francisco. He is the author of Brief
Therapy and Managed Care: Readings for Contemporary Practice (1995);
the editor of Constructive Therapies, Volumes 1 and 2 (1994 and 1996)
and The Handbook of Constructive Therapies (1998); and coeditor of The
First Session in Brief Therapy (with S. H. Budman and S. Friedman, 1992).
Susan Johnson, EdD, is a professor of psychology and psychiatry at
the University of Ottawa. She Is also director of the Marital and Family
Clinic at the Ottawa Civic Hospital, where she supervises a multidiscipli-
nary team within the Department of Psychiatry and conducts a yearly
summer externship in emotionally focused therapy. She is an approved
clinical supervisor for the American Association for Marriage and Family
Therapy and maintains a small private practice. She is actively involved in
conference and workshop presentations across North America, most re-
cently at the American Psychological Association conference and the
Contributors ix

International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, where she gave presen-
tations on creating healing relationships for trauma survivors dealing with
marital distress. Her most recent publications include The Heart of the
Matter: Perspectives on Emotion in Marital Therapy (with coeditor L. S.
Greenberg, 1994} and The Practice of Emotionally Focused Marital Ther-
apy: Creating Connection (1996). She lives in Ottawa with her husband
and two children.
James Keim? MSW, LCSW-C, is director of training at the Family
Therapy Institute of Washington, D.C., in Rockville, Maryland. He is also
founder and director of the Community Health Project, which collaborates
with the National Institutes of Health to provide continuing education to
public health professionals. He has worked closely with Cloe JVladanes and
Jay Haley; he is coauthor (with Cloe Madanes and Dinah Smelser) of the
book The Violence of Men (1996), and has written or contributed to
numerous other publications on strategic family therapy.
David V. Keith, MD,, is an associate professor of psychiatry, family
medicine, and pediatrics, and the director of family therapy, at the State
University of New York Health Science Center in Syracuse. He was
formerly with the Family Therapy Center in St. Paul, Minnesota and the
University of Wisconsin Department of Psychiatry in Madison. Dr. Keith is
the author and coauthor (with Carl Whitaker) of numerous journal articles
and book chapters in the field of family therapy. Dr. Keith is one of the
leading figures of experiential family therapy and for years was a close
colleague and cotherapist with Carl Whitaker.
Luciano L3Abate, PhD, ABPP, was educated in his native Italy until
moving to the United States as an exchange student. He received his
doctorate in clinical psychology from Duke University. He has retired from
Georgia State University as professor emeritus, and has been consultant at
Cross Keys Counseling Center in Atlanta, Georgia, for the past 18 years,
and director of multicultural services at Cross Keys for the last 3 years. He
is a diplomate of the American Board of Professional Psychology and an
approved supervisor of the American Association for Marriage and Family
Therapy. In 1994, he received the "Family Psychologist of the Year" award
from Division 43 (Family Psychology) of the American Psychological
Association. He is widely published, and his many works have been
translated into several languages.
Thomas W. Lund, PsyD, has been a child and family psychologist for
23 years. For the past 11 years, he has been codirector of the Catskill
Family Institute (CFI), providing direct services to individuals, couples, and
families. During this time, he worked at developing CFPs narrative solu-
tions approach and has published numerous articles on its principles and
practices. Over the past 7 years, he has trained psychotherapists in the
United States and Canada in the CFI approach, and recently coauthored a
x Contributors

book with Joseph B. Eron entitled Narrative Solutions in Brief Therapy

(1996). Dr. Lund also teaches clergy, caseworkers in children's services,
family specialists in family-based treatment programs, and other nonthera-
pists the principles of the narrative solutions approach as they apply to the
task of having helpful conversations.
Wade Liiquet, ACSW5 is on the faculty of the Institute for Imago
Relationship Therapy and has worked closely with Harville Hendrix. He
is the author of Short-Term Couples Therapy: The Imago Model in Action
(1996) and coeditor of Healing in the Relational Paradigm: The Imago
Relationship Therapy Casebook (1998). Luquet maintains a private prac-
tice with his wife, Marianne, in North Wales, Pennsylvania.

Terry MacCormack, PhD (candidate)., currently teaches with the De-

partment of Health Studies at the University of New England in Armidale,
Australia. A former doctoral student in clinical psychology at the University
of Ottawa, he completed his internship in the Family Therapy Program at
the University of Calgary School of Medicine. His work with Karl Tomm
is part of a larger qualitative study comparing the experiences of couples
and therapists working from either a narrative or an emotion-focused
approach. His interests also include working with individuals, couples, and
families coping with life-threatening illness, and what this is like both for
clients and for those who counsel them.

Salvador Minucfain, MD5 has been at the forefront of family therapy

since the early 1960s. He first developed his structural model while working
at the Wiltwyck School for Boys, and in 1965 he was invited to become
the director of the Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic. In 1981 Minuchin
moved to New York and founded Family Studies, Inc., where he pursued
his dedication to teaching family therapists from all over the world and his
commitment to social justice by working with the foster care system. His
1974 book Families and Family Therapy is the most popular volume ever
written in family therapy; his 1993 book with coauthor Michael P. Nichols,
Family Healing, features moving descriptions of his clinical artistry. His
latest book, Mastering Family Therapy (with W. Y. Lee and G. M. Simon,
1996), is a complex study of the supervision and learning process. Dr.
Minuchin retired in 1996 and now lives with his wife, Patricia, in Boston.
Michael P. Nichols, PhD, has been practicing and teaching family
therapy since 1973. In addition to his psychoanalytic training. Dr. Nichols
studied with Murray Bo wen and Salvador Minuchin. Among his many
books are Family Therapy: Concepts and Methods, fourth edition (with
coauthor Richard C. Schwartz, 1998), which has been one of the most
widely read textbooks in family therapy; The Self in the System; No Place
to Hide; The Lost Art of Listening; and Family Healing (with Salvador
Minuchin, 1993). After 17 years at Albany Medical College, Dr. Nichols
Contributors xi

recently resettled in Virginia and now teaches psychology and family

therapy at the College of William and Mary.
William C. Nichols, EdD5 ABPP? is a fellow of the American Psycho-
logical Association, the American Psychological Society, and the American
Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT), He is also a
diplomate of the American Board of Professional Psychology. Currently an
adjunct professor of child and family development and a member of the
graduate faculty at the University of Georgia, he is also a consultant with
The Nichols Group. A former president of both the AAMFT and the
National Council of Family Relations and president-elect of the Interna-
tional Family Therapy Association, he is currently editor of the journal
Contemporary Family Therapy and the International Family Therapy
Association's International Connection. Dr. Nichols is also the author of
numerous articles and book chapters, as well as two books—Marital
Therapy: An Integrative Approach (1988) and Treating People in Families:
An Integrative Approach (1996).
Gerald R. Patterson, PhD, is a research psychologist at the Oregon
Social Learning Center (OSLC), Eugene, Oregon, and one of the foremost
behavioral family therapists in the world. He received his doctorate from
the University of Minnesota; prior to the establishment of OSLC, he was
a research scientist at the Oregon Research Institute and served in various
professional capacities at the University of Oregon for 13 years. He founded
OSLC in 1977 to focus upon the family interaction process as it relates to
aggressive children, marital conflict, and parent training therapy with
antisocial youths. Dr. Patterson has authored and coauthored numerous
professional articles and book chapters; he is also the sole author of the
book Families: Applications of Social Learning to Life (1971). Dr. Patterson
is a past president of Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy.
He is the recipient of the Distinguished Professional Contribution Award
from the Division of Clinical Child Psychology of the American Psycholog-
ical Association (APA); the Distinguished Scientist Award from the Division
of Clinical Psychology of the APA; the Distinguished Scientist Award for
the Applications of Psychology from the APA, and the award for Distin-
guished Scientific Contributions to Developmental Psychology from the
Society for Research in Child Development.
Cheryl Rampage, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and senior therapist
at the Family Institute at Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, where
she provides psychotherapy to individuals and couples; supervises family
therapy trainees; and teaches courses on family therapy, ethics, and gender
issues. She has previously served as the director of graduate education at
the Family Institute, and also spent 11 years on the faculty of the University
of Houston-Clear Lake. Dr. Rampage is a graduate of Marquette Univer-
sity, and received her doctorate from Loyola University of Chicago. She is
the coauthor (with T. J. Goodrich, B. Ellman, and K. Halstead) of Feminist
xii Contributors

Family Therapy: A Casebook (1988), as well as numerous articles and book

chapters on gender and family therapy. She is a frequent presenter at
national conferences.
Laura Giat Roberto, PsyD, (now Laura Roberto Forman), is professor
of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Eastern Virginia Medical School.
She has also served on the psychology faculties of the Eastern Virginia
Family Therapy Institute, Old Dominion University, and the College of
William and Mary. She is the founder of the Center for Eating Disorders
in Norfolk, Virginia. She is a graduate of the University of Connecticut,
received her doctorate from the University of Illinois, and served her
internship., residency, and postdoctoral fellowships in family research at the
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine. She is the author of Transgen-
erational Family Therapies (1992). Dr. Roberto is a member of several
journal editorial boards, and is an approved supervisor and a site visitor
for postgraduate training programs for the American Association for
Marriage and Family Therapy. She was book review editor for the Journal
of Feminist Family Therapy from 1993 through 1996. She maintains an
active practice of marital, family, and individual psychotherapy, and has
written extensively on women in families.
Fred M. Sander, MD3 is associate clinical professor of psychiatry at
the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. He received his
psychiatric training at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York,
and he is a graduate of the New York Psychoanalytic Institute. In addition
to his 1979 book Individual and Family Therapy: Toward an Integration,
he has written extensively on the integration of psychoanalytic theory and
family therapy, and has taught on this topic for several years. In "off
hours," Dr. Sander leads audience discussions after theater productions in
New York.
Richard C. Schwartz, PhD, received his doctorate in marriage and
family therapy from Purdue University; he then worked for the Institute for
Juvenile Research in the Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at
Chicago, for 16 years. In 1996, he moved to the Family Institute of
Northwestern University. In addition, to writing numerous articles on a
variety of topics related to psychotherapy, he is author of the book Internal
Family Systems Therapy (1994) and coauthor of the books Mosaic Mind:
Empowering the Tormented Selves of Child Abuse Survivors (with R.
Goulding, 1995); Family Therapy: Concepts and Methods, fourth edition
(with Michael P. Nichols, in press); and Metaframeworks: Transcending the
Models of Family Therapy (with D. Breunlin and B. MacKune-Karrer,
1992). He is also coeditor of the Handbook of Family Therapy Training
and Supervision (with H. A. Liddle and D. Breunlin, 1988). He is on the
editorial board of five professional journals, including the Journal of
Marital and Family Therapy, and is a fellow of the American Association
for Marriage and Family Therapy.
Contributors xlii

Karl Tomm? MD, is a professor of psychiatry and director of the

Family Therapy Program at the University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine.
He has published and presented widely, and over the years has introduced
a number of influential ideas and approaches to the family therapy field.
He is currently developing and refining his ideas about psychiatric assess-
ment with his "pathologizing interpersonal patterns" (PIPs) and "healing
interpersonal patterns5' (HIPs) approach. Chapter 13 is his first published
work on his use of the Internalized Other Interview.
David N. Ulrich, PhD, ABPP, received his doctorate in clinical psychol-
ogy from Harvard University in 1956. He is a diplomate of the American
Board of Professional Psychology, and is also a charter member of the
American Family Therapy Academy. Between 1956 and 1982, he served as
a staff member of Judge Baker Guidance Center, Boston, and the Child
Guidance Center of Southwestern Connecticut, in Stamford. Dr. Ulrich
currently maintains a staff position with the Northeast Center for Trauma
Recovery, Greenwich, Connecticut, and also maintains a private practice in
Stamford, Connecticut. He has authored and coauthored numerous publi-
cations on contextual family therapy, one of which is a chapter with I.
Boszormenyi-Nagy and J. Grunebaum in the Handbook of Family Therapy,
Volume 2, edited by A. Gurman and B. Kniskern (1991).
Acknowledgments

I owe much to my early mentors, Joseph Wolpe and Aaron T. Beck, who
have taught me most of what I know about cognitive-behavioral therapy.
I am also indebted to Thomas A. Seay, who taught me a great deal about
psychotherapy integration as well as couple and family therapy during my
early graduate school training. Additional thanks goes to Wallace E. Crider
for his supervision of my early work with couples and families. Along the
way in the development of my work, personal conversations with noted
figures such as Harry Aponte, Norman B. Epstein, Janies Framo, Cloe
Madanes, Donald Meichenbaum, John C. Norcross, Arnold A. Lazarus,
and Peggy Papp have also helped me tremendously in understanding the
potential role of cognitive-behavioral techniques in couple and family
therapy. I also thank the many couples and families who have served as the
pioneering samples for my early work in the refinement of the cognitive-
behavioral approach,
Compiling a major casebook such as this is not possible without the
aid of many talented contributors. The chapters in this book have been
written by some of the finest couple and family therapists in the world. In
addition, a tremendous debt of gratitude is owed to the series editor,
Michael P. Nichols, who has provided tireless effort and superb editorial
suggestions that helped to shape this text into what is (in my opinion) one
of the finest collection of case studies in the couple and family therapy
literature. Staff members at The Guilford Press who deserve acknowl-
edgment are Jodi Creditor and Anna Nelson for their outstanding work as
the production editors, and Seymour Weingarten, the editor-in-chief, who
has been extremely supportive and patient with rny ideas. It is because of
Seymour's open-mindedness and flexibility that this project has become a
reality.
I also profusely thank my personal secretary, Carol "Fingers" Jaskolka,
for her long hours of typing and her excellent computer skills. Her expertise
in coordinating all of the details with this book is appreciated more than
she will ever know. Her patience in enduring the stressful periods during
this project was remarkable and has also earned her the guarantee of a
lifetime supply of Prozac.
Finally, I owe the greatest acknowledgment to my children, Roseamie,
Tara, and Michael, as well as my wife, Maryann, who endured my many
absences during the preparation of this text. They have also taught me the
true meaning and beauty of being a father and husband.

xiv
Foreword

From its very inception a century ago, the field of psychotherapy has
resembled a dysfunctional family-—with covert and overt antagonism
among those representing different orientations, and few if any attempts
made to comprehend or value the points of view held by others. It has
operated on a win-lose basis, and the real losers have unfortunately been
our clients. However, there is nothing like an attack from the outside—tak-
ing the form of third-party payments, biological psychiatry, and pressures
for accountability—to facilitate cooperation within the system. This attack
may very well have helped facilitate the interest in integration among
therapists of different orientations and modalities. Other forces that have
caused the long-term latent interest in psychotherapy integration to evolve
into a more visible movement have been the proliferation of different
schools of therapy; the realization that no one approach is capable of
dealing with everything that therapists encounter clinically; and the forma-
tion in 1983 of the Society for the Exploration of Psychotherapy Integration
(SEPI), an interdisciplinary organization dedicated to the development of
clinically meaningful and empirically informed interventions that are not
necessarily constrained by theoretical schools.
Although most of the attention of the psychotherapy movement has
been paid to the integration of different schools of thought associated with
individual therapy, a small but energetic group of clinicians has been
interested in applying integrative thinking to family and couple therapy.
Contributions by Alan Gurrnan, Jay Lebow, and William Pinsof have dealt
with the integration of different theoretical approaches, and work by Larry
Feldman, Ellen Wachtel, and Paul Wachtel has focused on the conjoint use
of different modalities, such as individual along with couple/family inter-
ventions. The present casebook, edited by Frank M. Dattilio, is a very clear
illustration of how an integrative stance can be used when couple/family
work is approached from within a cognitive-behavioral orientation.
In commenting on the developmental status of behavior therapy in the
early 1980s, Philip Kendall observed that as a result of years of industry
and hard work, the behavioral approach—-including cognitive-behavior
therapy—had finally achieved its own personal identity. With this sense of
security, he went on to add, it was now ready to become more intimate
with other orientations. Even the very fact that Kendall, a behavior
therapist, used this Eriksonian metaphor in his formulation attested to the
readiness of behavior therapy for psychotherapy integration.

xv
xvl Foreword

Kendall's characterization of the developmental status of behavior

therapy is very much in accord with my own personal experience. Indeed,
behavior therapy and I grew up together. Although originally trained within
a psychodynamic orientation, I arrived at the State University of New York
at Stony Brook in the mid-1960s, shortly after the birth of behavior therapy.
I was both a participant in and an observer of its development over the
years, with my clinical writings focusing on behavioral assessment and case
formulation; the incorporation of cognitive factors into behavioral inter-
ventions; the conception of cognitive-behavior therapy as training in coping
skills; and the incorporation into cognitive-behavior therapy of contribu-
tions from other orientations. The openness of cognitive-behavior therapy
to what therapists from other schools of thought might have to say can be
seen in Gerald C. Davison's and my book. Clinical Behavior Therapy,
originally published in the mid-1970s. In retrospect, it was probably the
incorporation of cognition into behavior therapy that provided a bridge to
other orientations, and many behavior therapists who championed the
cause of cognitive-behavior therapy (e.g., myself, Gerald C. Davison,
Arnold A. Lazarus, Michael J. Mahoney, and Donald Meichenbaum) have
since moved on to develop an interest in psychotherapy integration.
In their earlier conception of how cognition might be integrated into
behavior therapy, behavior therapists found the contributions of Albert Ellis
and Aaron T. Beck to be particularly significant. As more clinical attempts
were made to make use of cognitive variables, it became evident that clients
were not always able to articulate the "self-statements" that were at the
root of their problematic emotional reactions and behavior. More often, it
was "as if" they were saying certain things to themselves. The recognition
that the meaning clients attributed to events was often implicit soon led to
the incorporation of concepts developed in cognitive science, such as the
"schema" construct. Of particular significance for psychotherapy integra-
tion is the fact that cognitive-behavior therapists began attending to those
very same clinical phenomena that had long been of interest to their
psychodynamic colleagues (e.g., clients* distorted perceptions of others).
The fact that psychodynamic therapists were independently drawing on the
cognitive sciences—similarly using the notion of "schema"-—even further
facilitated a link between the two orientations. In light of this, it is not at
all surprising that many of the contributions to this volume make use of
the schema concept.
The possibility that clients' views of themselves and others might
mediate their clinical problem and constitute a focus for change has
provided a common ground among psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive,
and experiential therapists. Although the means by which such change
can be brought about are believed to vary—-with behavioral approaches
emphasizing action, psychodynamic and cognitive orientations stressing
thinking, and experiential interventions focusing on emotion—it is none-
Foreword xvii

theless possible to Induce a common set of change principles. Thus, in the

context of a positive therapeutic alliance consisting of a good interper-
sonal bond, with therapists and clients agreeing on the goals of therapy
and how they may be approached, therapists attempt to increase clients'
awareness of themselves and others in regard to factors that may be
creating difficulties in their lives. By becoming better aware of what they
are thinking and not thinking, doing and not doing, and feeling and not
feeling, clients are in a better position to take risks that can change their
maladaptive patterns of thinking, behaving, and feeling. This risk taking,
which we can refer to as the "corrective experience," is at the very heart
of the change process.
The corrective experience begins with clients having certain expecta-
tions about themselves and the impact that they are likely to have on their
world and on others. These expectations are typically schema-driven, based
on early ways they may have learned for dealing with others. By now,
however, these methods of coping are maladaptive. For example, clients
with a history of parental abuse may approach current interactions with
their significant others with this expectation: "If I tell my partner what I
really feel or want, something bad will happen." This expectation, be it
explicit or implicit, typically occurs with accompanying affect, such as fear,
guilt, or anger, Within the context of a good therapeutic alliance, and once
the clients have become more fully aware of the anachronistic nature of
this perception of intimate relationships in their current life situation, they
are in a better position to take the risk and recognize the invalidity of this
"if-then" expectation.
In the case of clients who have experienced parental abuse, the risk
may involve expressing their feelings or needs in a close interpersonal
interaction, even though at some level the clients may still perceive this as
being somewhat dangerous—hence the "risk." Telling their partners that
they would prefer not to spend the weekend doing something they don't
want to do, or expressing displeasure or disappointment about something
without any major negative consequence occurring, provides the clients
with a corrective experience containing cognitive, affective, and behavioral
evidence that goes counter to their maladaptive schema. In the context of
individual psychodynamk therapy, the corrective experience typically in-
volves interaction with the therapist. In cognitive-behavior therapy carried
out individually, this is more likely to occur between sessions, as in a
homework assignment to assert oneself to a spouse. As so vividly illustrated
in many of the cases described in this book, couple or family therapy allows
the corrective experience to take place within the session itself and with
the very individuals with whom clients' interactions, attitudes, and feelings
have been problematic. Regardless of where this cognitive-affective-behav-
ioral risk takes place, or how it is brought about, the corrective experience
is at the core of therapeutic change.
xviii Foreword

In this collection of cases, Dattilio and his contributors have demon-

strated in a direct clinical way how change occurs and how psychotherapy
integration may be implemented. When therapists actually show rather than
say what they do, it is far easier to draw out the points of similarity among
the different schools of thought and to see how one approach can comple-
ment another. In editing this volume of cases, in providing commentary for
each, and in obtaining the authors' responses to this commentary,, Dattilio
has taken an important step in this process of psychotherapy integration.

MARVIN R. GOLDFRIED, PHD

State University of New York at Stony Brook
Preface

In-te-grate (inti grat): To bring together or incorporate into a unified,

harmonious, or interrelated whole.

This book is the result of almost 10 years of contemplation, reflection, and

debate on integrating various approaches to couple and family therapy. The
contents contain most of the major theories along with a number of
innovative and nontraditional approaches to working with couples and
families, including the cognitive-behavioral modality.
As a young doctoral student in the early 1980s, I received my formal
training in behavior therapy at Temple University from Joseph Wolpe, who
is now regarded as the father of behavior therapy. It was through him that
I was introduced to the application of behavioral principles in the treatment
of individual and marital problems. At that time, very little was known
about the true efficacy of behavior therapy with couples and families.
During my training, I was always struck by how little emphasis the
behavioral strategies received in my courses in family therapy, particularly
in light of how effective some of the strategies proved to be. Much of the
general thinking in the field at that time was that behaviorists were naive
about couple and family dynamics, and that their techniques were only
effective when a family presented with an acting-out child or adolescent.
In my opinion, much of the fine work done by such individuals as Gerald
Patterson (1971), Richard Stuart (1969), and Robert Liberman (1970) in
the late 1960s and early 1970s got little attention from many in the field
of marriage and family therapy, even as an ancillary mode of treatment.
As the 1980s came to a close, I began to read more about psychother-
apy integration. I read works by such individuals as Arnold A. Lazarus,
Marvin R. Goldfried, and John C. Norcross, who promoted a distinct
model of psychotherapy integration (e.g., Norcross & Goldfried, 1992}, I
also become keenly interested in writings by James Coyne and Howard
Liddle, who spoke specifically about a technical eclecticism in the field of
couple and family therapy (e.g., Coyne & Liddle, 1992).
I had always agreed with the notion that cognitive-behavioral therapy
fell somewhat short of being a comprehensive mode of treatment for
couples and families. As I began to read works by Donald H. Baucom

xix
JO" Preface

(1981) and Norman B. Epstein (1982), I began to see how effective

cognitive-behavioral techniques could be when used within a systems
framework or in combination with other modalities. By the rnid-1980s, I
also had the honor of working with Aaron T. Beck at the University of
Pennsylvania School of Medicine on the development of his theories of
cognitive therapy and the application to distressed couples. This effort
subsequently spawned his popular book Love Is Never Enough (Beck,
1988), as well as my coauthored text Cognitive Therapy with Couples
(Dattilio & Padesky, 1990).
By the 1990s I, like many psychotherapists, was feeling overwhelmed by
the bewildering array of therapeutic approaches that had become available
to couple and family therapists. This therapeutic morass was both a cause
and consequence of the often-repeated research finding that no one modality
was ideal or superior in addressing the broad range of couple and family
dysfunctions. A summer lecture tour to southern Italy came at about the right
time during this period. At one point, I had the good fortune to be invited on
an outing to a Sicilian farm that had several hundred acres of vineyards. An
Italian farmer was explaining to me in his native tongue how he combined
the use of hybrid vines or meritage blends to produce an extraordinarily
robust wine. It struck me that his thoughtful hybrids were analogous to the
integration of psychotherapy models and to the blending of techniques to
achieve a common goal—unique and robust results.
As I continued my European travels, this notion of blending various
therapies sparked more thought on the idea of using cognitive-behavioral
techniques as an integrative component with other models of couple and
family therapy. This idea of integration was particularly intriguing, since
Aaron Beck had always taught me how cognitive therapy was one of the
most "integratable" of therapeutic modalities. Beck drew from various
schools of thought in developing cognitive therapy, which rendered it
compatible with many other psychotherapies.
In the past decade, cognitive-behavioral therapy with couples and
families has gained tremendous popularity worldwide (Dattilio, 1990,
1992; Dattilio & Padesky, 1995, 1996). Many fine researchers and
clinicians have been making an indelible impact throughout the world
on practitioners of couple and family therapy. This comes primarily as
a result of its adaptability to other modalities as well as to other
cultures.
The early 1990s witnessed the beginning of a strong movement toward
psychotherapy integration, which has led practitioners to explore various
schools of thought that were once viewed as incompatible.
The primary focus of this book is theoretical integration. Previously,
structural therapy and strategic therapy, the primary influences in the early
development of couple and family therapy, have been combined in an
attempt to maximize the effective components of both theories (Coyne &
Liddle, 1992; Haley, 1976; Stanton, 1981). This theoretical melding has
Preface xxi

also been the case with concepts and techniques of the psychodynamic
orientation (Norcross & Prochaska, 1988; Pitta, 1997), as well as those of
other schools of thought (Kirschner & Kirschner, 1993; Lazarus, 1992;
Christensen, Jacobson, & Babcock, 1995). Such hybrid forms of interven-
tion appear to be on the increase, as practitioners become more aware of
their potential effectiveness with individuals as well as with couples and
families. In fact, the modal orientation of family therapists is now eclecti-
cism/integration (Prochaska & Norcross, 1994). Within systemic therapy
alone, there has been a decided breakdown of schoolism and a movement
toward integration. In a survey of 900 family therapists, nearly one-third
described their theoretical orientation as eclectic (Rait, 1988).
One of the beauties of integrating theories is that the essential frame-
work of the primary theory need not be abandoned in order to integrate
other techniques or strategies. These techniques may be augmented in
various fashions and forms, depending on the vitality of the basic therapy
model. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has received increasing support in the
professional literature as a highly "integratable" theory in work with
couples and families (Beck, 1988; Dattilio & Padesky, 1990; Dattilio, 1989,
1990, 1994, 1997; Lombana & Frazier, 1994). In fact, two recent articles
addressed the question of whether or not all therapies are cognitive (Alford
& Norcross, 1991; Persons, 1995), particularly since cognitive components
appear to be part of the fabric of most modalities. Clinicians may selectively
choose various cognitive-behavioral techniques to incorporate into their
primary approach as the need arises. (This integration is particularly
important in short-term treatment, due to the effective results achieved with
cognitive-behavioral techniques,) Interestingly, this phenomenon was often
mentioned during the process of choosing contributors for this book. After
I explained to authors my idea for the work, many of them spontaneously
said, "Oh, I use cognitive-behavioral strategies in my work all the time."
In addition to the concept of integration, this book also provides detailed
case analysis from more than 16 different perspectives of couple and family
therapy, with elaborate commentary by both the authors and the editor.
Laurence Sterne, the 18th-century novelist, said that writing is just a
different name for conversation-—a conversation that takes place between the
author and the reader. The present book transcends this definition by provid-
ing a conversation among the authors, the editor, and (in a tacit sense) the
reader. In this text, the symbol " t" denotes rny comments as the editor, and these.
are highlighted in italics. The author or authors of each chapter were also invited
to submit a follow-up commentary after receiving a copy of my editorial com-
ments.1 The primary intention was to create a dialogue that would help
readers draw their own conclusions regarding the integration of cognitive-
behavioral strategies with other therapies as presented in this book.

FRANK M. DATTILIO
September 1997
xxii Preface

NOTE

1. The author or authors of each chapter were provided with a copy of Cognitive
Therapy ivith Couples (Dattilio & Padesky, 1990), which contains the basic
philosophy and theory of cognitive-behavioral therapy with couples and families.
They were also provided with a uniform list of questions to answer when composing
their "authors' reply to the editor's comments," along with a guideline for disguising
case material to ensure confidentiality.

REFERENCES

Alford, B. A., & Norcross, J. C. (1991). Cognitive therapy as integrative therapy,

Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 1(3), 175-190.
Beck, A. T. (1988). Love is never enough. New York: Harper & Row.
Coyne, J. C., & Liddle, H. A. (1992). The future systems therapy: Shedding myths
and facing opportunities Psychotherapy* 29(1), 44-50,
Christensen, A., Jacobson, N. S., & Babcock, J. C. (1995). Integrative behavioral
couple therapy. In N. S. Jacobson & A. S. Gurman (Eds.), Clinical handbook
of couples therapy (pp. 31-64). New York: Guilford Press.
Dattilio, E M. (1989). A guide to cognitive .marital therapy. In P. A. Keller & S. R.
Heyman (Eds.), Innovations in clinical practice: A source book (Vol. 8, pp.
27-42). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Exchange.
Dattilio, E M. (1994). Families in crisis. In E M. Dattilio & A. Freeman (Eds.),
Cognitive-behavioral strategies in crisis intervention (pp. 278-301). New York:
Guilford Press,
Dattilio, E M. (1997). Family therapy. In R. Leahy (Ed.), Practicing cognitive
therapy: A guide to interventions (pp. 409-450). Northvale, NJ: Jason Arori-
son.
Dattilio, E M., & Padesky, C. A. (1990). Cognitive therapy with couples. Sarasota,
FL: Professional Resource Exchange.
Haley, J. (1976). Problem-solving therapy: New strategies for effective family
therapy, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Kirschner, S., & Kirschner, D. A. (1993). Couples and families. In G. Strieker & J.
R. Gold (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychotherapy integration (pp.
401-412). New York: Plenum Press.
Lazarus, A. A. (1992). When is couples therapy necessary and sufficient? Psycho-
logical Reports, 703 787-790.
Liberman, R, P. (1970), Behavioral approaches to couples and family therapy.
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 40, 106-118.
Lombana, J. H.5 & Frazier, F. B. (1994). Cognitive-systems therapy: A case excerpt.
Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 16(4), 434-444.
Norcross, J. C., & Goldfried, M, R. (Eds.). (1992). Handbook of psychotherapy
integration. New York: Basic Books.
Norcross, J. C., & Newman, C. E (1992). Psychotherapy integrations: Setting the
context. In J. C. Norcross & M. R. Goldfried (Eds.), Handbook of psycho-
therapy integration (pp. 3-45). New York: Basic Books.
Norcross, J. C, & Prochaska, J. O. (1988). A study of eclectic (and integrative)
views revisited. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice,, 19, 170-174.
Preface xxlii

Patterson, G. R. (1971). Families: Applications of social learning to life. Champaign,

IL: Research Press.
Persons, J. (1.995). Are all psychotherapies cognitive? Journal of Cognitive Psycho-
therapy, 9(3), 185-194.
Pitta, P. (1997). Marital therapy: A systemic psychodynamic integrated approach:
A case study. Psychotherapy Bulletin, 32(1), 45-48.
Prochaska, J. O.? & Norcross, J. C. (1994). Systems of psychotherapy: A
transtheoretical analysis (3rd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Rait, D. (1988). Survey results. The 'Family Networker, 12, 52-56.
Stanton, M. (1981). An integrated structural/strategic approach to family therapy,
Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 7, 427-439.
Stuart, R. B. (1969). Operant-interpersonal treatment of marital discord. Journal
of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 675—682.
Contents

Chapter 1. An Introduction to Cognitive-Behavioral 1

Therapy with Couples and Families
Frank M. Dattilio, Norman B. Epstein, and
Donald H. Baucom

Chapter 2. Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy 37

Norman B. Epstein and Donald H. Baucom

Chapter 3. Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy 62

Frank M. Dattilio

Chapter 4. Behavioral Family Therapy 85

Marion S. Forgatcb and Gerald R. Patterson

Chapter 5. Structural Family Therapy 108

Salvador Minuchin and Michael P. Nichols

Chapter 6. Strategic Family Therapy 132

James Keim

Chapter 7. Contextual Family Therapy 158

David N. Ulrich

Chapter 8. Symbolic-Experiential Family Therapy 179

for Chemical Imbalance
David V. Keith

Chapter 9. Solution-Focused Couple Therapy: 203

Helping Clients Construct Self-Fulfilling
Realities
Michael F. Hoyt and Insoo Kim Berg
xxiv
Contents XXV

Chapter 10. Integrative Marital Therapy 233

William C. Nichols

Chapter 11. Transgenerational Family Therapy 257

Laura Giat Roberto

Chapter 12. Cross-Cultural Couple Therapy 278

Paula Hanson-Kahn and Luciano L'Abate

Chapter 13. Social Constructionist/Narrative 303

Couple Therapy
Terry MacCormack and Karl Tomm

Chapter 14. Internal Family Systems 331

Family Therapy
Richard C. Schwartz

Chapter 15. Feminist Couple Therapy 353

Cheryl Rampage

Chapter 16. Narrative Solutions Couple Therapy 371

Joseph B. Eron and Thomas W. Lund

Chapter 17. Imago Relationship Therapy 401

Wade Luquet and Harville Hendrix

Chapter 18. Psychoanalytic Couple Therapy 427

Fred M. Sander

Chapter 19. Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy 450

Susan Johnson

Chapter 20. Epilogue 473

Frank M. Dattilio

Index 480
Another random document with
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 308Hic dicit quod ipse iam vigilans,
secundum vocem309 quam in sompnis
acceperat,310 intendit scribere ea que de mundo
vidit et audiuit, et vocat libellum istum Vox
Clamantis, quia de voce et clamore quasi
omnium conceptus est; vnde in huius operis
auxilium spiritum sanctum inuocat.

Incipit prologus libri Secundi.311

Multa quidem vidi diuersaque multa notaui,

Que tibi vult meminens scribere penna sequens:
Non tamen inceptis ego musas inuoco, nec diis
Immolo, set solo sacrificabo deo.
Spiritus alme deus, accendens pectore sensus,
Intima tu serui pectoris vre tui:
Inque tuo, Criste, laxabo nomine rethe,
Vt mea mens capiat que sibi grata petit.
Inceptum per te perfecto fine fruatur
10 Hoc opus ad laudem nominis, oro, tui.
Qui legis hec eciam, te supplico, vir, quod honeste
Scripta feras, viciis nec memor esto meis:
Rem non personam, mentem non corpus in ista
Suscipe materia, sum miser ipse quia.
Res preciosa tamen in vili sepe Minera
Restat, et extracta commoditate placet:
Hoc quod in hiis scriptis tibi dat virtutis honestas
Carpe, nec vlla tumens vlteriora pete.
Si te perstimulet stilus hic stillatus in aure,
20 Sit racio medicus mulceat inde graue:312
Et si compositis verbis non vtar, vt illis
Metra perornentur, cerne quid ipsa notant:
Et rudis ipse rude si quid tractauero, culpe
Qui legis hoc parce, quod latet intus habe:
 Et si metra meis incongrua versibus errent,
Que sibi vult animus congrua vota cape.
Rethorice folia quamuis formalia desint,
Materie fructus non erit inde minor:
Sint licet hii versus modice virtutis ad extra,313
30 Interior virtus ordine maior erit.
Quamuis sensus hebes obstet, tamen absque
rubore
Que mea simplicitas sufficit illa dabo.
In sene scire parum multum solet esse pudori
Temporis amissi pre grauitate sui;
Set modo siqua sapit docet aut prouisa senectus,
Vix tamen hec grata vox iuuenilis habet.
Que scribunt veteres, licet ex feruore studentes,
Raro solent pueris dicta placere satis;
Obloquioque suo quamuis tamen ora canina
40 Latrent, non fugiam quin magis ista canam.
De saxis oleum, de petra mel tibi sugge,
Deque rudi dociles carmine sume notas.
Quicquid ad interius morum scriptura propinat,
Doctrine causa debet habere locum:
Verba per os asini qui protulit, hic mea spes est,
Eius vt ad laudem cercius ore loquar.
Ergo recede mee detractor simplicitati,
Nec mea scripta queat rodere liuor edax:
Lite vacent aures lectoris et obuia cedant
50 Murmura, differ opus, invida turba, tuum.
Si tamen incendat Sinon Excetraque sufflet,314
Non minus inceptum tendo parare stilum.
Est oculus cecus, aurisque manet quasi surda,
Qui nichil vt sapiat cordis ad yma ferunt;
Et si cor sapiat quod non docet, est quasi pruna
Ignea, sub cinere dummodo tecta latet.
Nil fert sub modio lucens candela reconsa,
Pectoris aut sensus ore negante loqui.
Quid si pauca sciam, numquid michi scribere
pauce
60 Competit, immo iuuat alter vt illa sciat.
De modicis igitur modicum dabo pauper, et inde
Malo valere parum quam valuisse nichil.
Non miser est talis, aliquid qui non dare possit;
Si dare non possum munera, verba dabo.
Attamen in domino credenti nulla facultas
Est impossibilis, dum bene sentit opus.
Gracia quem Cristi ditat, non indiget ille;
Quem deus augmentat possidet immo satis:
Grandia de modico sensu quandoque parantur,
70 Paruaque sepe manus predia magna facit:
Sepius ingentes lux pellit parua tenebras,
Riuulus et dulces sepe ministrat aquas.
Constat difficile iustum nichil esse volenti;
Vt volo, sic verbum det deus ergo meum.
Non tamen ex propriis dicam que verba sequntur,
Set velut instructus nuncius illa fero.
Lectus vt est variis florum de germine fauus,
Lectaque diuerso litore concha venit,
Sic michi diuersa tribuerunt hoc opus ora,
80 Et visus varii sunt michi causa libri:
Doctorum veterum mea carmina fortificando
Pluribus exemplis scripta fuisse reor.
Vox clamantis erit nomenque voluminis huius,
Quod sibi scripta noui verba doloris habet.

Hic dicit, secundum quod de clamore

communi audiuit, qualiter status et ordo mundi
precipue in partibus istis in peius multipliciter
variantur; et quomodo super hoc vnusquisque
fortunam accusat.

Incipit liber Secundus.

Capm i. Incausti specie lacrimas dabo, de quibus ipse

Scribam cum calamo de grauitate nouo.
 Esse virum vanum Salomon dat et omnia vana,
Datque nichil firmum preter amare deum.
Quotquot nascuntur vox illis prima doloris,
Incipit a fletu viuere quisquis homo:
Omnes post lauacrum temptacio multa fatigat,
Demonis ars, carnis pugna, cupido grauis:315
Nunc stat et abstat homo, flat et efflat, floret et
aret,316
10 Nec manet vllus ei firmus in orbe gradus.
Incipit ecce mori vir, cum iam fuderit aluo
Mater eum, quem post terminat hora breuis:
Infantem fletus, puerum scola, luxus adultum,
Ambicioque virum vexat auara senem;
Sola nec vna dies homini tam leta ministrat,
Quin dolor ex aliqua parte nocebit ei.
Si tamen esse potest quod felix esset in orbe,
Dudum felices nos dedit esse deus:
Quicquid summa manus potuit conferre creatis,
20 Contulit hoc nobis prosperitatis opus.
Huius erat vite, si que sit, gloria summe,
Nobis pre reliquis amplificata magis.
Tuncque fuisse deum nobis specialius omni
Conuersum plebe clamor vbique fuit:
Famaque sic mundi, nobisque beacius omni
Tempus erat populo nuper; et ecce modo
Turpiter extincta sunt nostra beata vetusta
Tempora, nam presens torquet amara dies.
Quam cito venerunt sortis melioris honores,
30 Tam cito decasum prosperitatis habent:
Nos cito floruimus, set flos erat ille caducus,
Flammaque de stipula nostra fit illa breuis;
Set labor et cure fortunaque moribus impar,
Quod fuit excelsum iam sine lege ruunt.
Nostra per inmensas ibant preconia gentes,
Que modo mutata sorte pericla ferunt.
Querunt propterea plures cur tempus et aura
Stat modo deterius quam solet esse prius:
 Querunt cur tanta nobis quasi cotidiana
40 Assunt insolita nunc grauiora mala:
Nam nichil in terra contingens fit sine causa,
Sicut Iob docuit, qui mala multa tulit.
Se tamen inmunes cause communiter omnes
Dicunt, vt si quis non foret inde reus;
Accusant etenim fortunam iam variatam,
Dicentes quod ea stat magis inde rea.
Fortunam reprobat nunc omnis homo, quia mutat
Et vertit subito quod fuit ante retro;
Hocque potest speculo quisquis discernere nostro,
50 Que fuerat dulcis nunc fit amara nimis.

Hic corripit fortunam et sui euentus

inconstanciam deplangit.

Capm. ii. O tibi que nomen fortune concipis, illos

Quos prius exaltas cur violenta premis?
Hiis quibus extiteras pia mater dira nouerca
Efficeris, vario preuaricata dolo:
Quos conformasti tua sors dissoluit in iram,
Quos magis vnisti spergis in omne malum.317
Si pudor in facie fallente tua foret vllus,
Te quibus associas non inimica fores.
Dudum flore rosa fueras, set mole perurens
60 Nunc vrtica grauas quos refouere soles:
Mobilis est tua rota nimis, subito quoque motu
Diuitis ac inopis alterat ipsa status.
Malo set a fundo conscendere summa rotarum,
Quam quod ab excelso lapsus ad yma cadam:
De super in subtus absit, de sub michi supra318
Adueniat, namque prospera lapsa nocent.
Est nam felicem puto maxima pena fuisse,
Quam miser in vita posset habere sua.
Est o quam verum, quod habenti multa
dabuntur,
70 Qui tenet et pauca perdere debet ea!
Hoc patet in nobis, quibus olim magnificatis
Gens quasi tota simul subdita colla dabat.
Patria nulla fuit, vbi nos in honore locati
Non fuimus, set nunc laus vetus exul abest:
Omnis enim terra nobis querebat habere
Pacem, nunc guerras hostis vbique petit.
Qui plana fronte dudum comparuit, ecce
Cornua pretendens obuius ipse venit;
Et qui cornutus fuerat, nunc fronte reflexa,
80 Cornibus amissis, vix loca tutus habet.
Que fuerat terra bene fortunata per omne,
Dicunt fortunam iam periisse suam.
Dic set, fortuna, si tu culpabilis extas;
Credo tamen causa nulla sit inde tua:
Det quamuis variam popularis vox tibi famam,
Attamen ore meo te nichil esse puto.
Quicquid agant alii, non possum credere sorti,
Saltem dumque deus sit super omne potens.
Non te fortunam quicquid michi ponere credam,
90 Vt gens que sortem murmurat esse tuam:
Hac tamen in carta, que sit sibi ficta figura,
Scribere decreui, set nichil inde michi.

Hic describit fortunam secundum aliquos,

qui sortem fortune dicunt esse et casum.

Capm. iii. O fortuna, tibi quod aperte dicitur audi,

Inconstans animi, que nec es hic nec ibi:
Es facie bina, quarum deformiter vna
Respicit, ex et ea fulminat ira tua;
Altera felici vultu candescit, et ipsi
Hanc qui conspiciunt, prospera cuncta gerunt.
Sic odiosa tua facies et amabilis illa
100 Anxia corda leuat sepeque leta ruit:
Ex oculo primo ploras, ridesque secundo,
 Ac econuerso, te neque noscet homo.
Dum geris aspectum duplum variata per orbem,
Non te simplicibus constat inire viis.
Prosperitate tua stetero si letus in orbe,
Dum puto securo stare, repente cado;
Et timet incerta cor sepe doloris in vmbra,
Cum michi leticia cras venit ecce noua.
Omnia suntque tuo tenui pendencia filo,
110 Qui plus credit eis fallitur atque magis;
Sique leues oculi sint ictus, sunt leuiora
Ordine precipiti pendula fata tua.
Munera nulla iuuant vt te possint retinere,
Nec domus est certa que stat in orbe tua.
Tu grauior saxis, leuior tu quam leuis aura,
Asperior spinis, mollior atque rosis:
Tu leuior foliis tunc cum sine pondere siccis
Mobilibus ventis arida facta volant;
Et minus est in te, quam summa pondus arista,
120 Que leuis assiduis solibus vsta riget.
Tu modo clara dies, modo nox terrore repleta;
Tu modo pacifica, cras petis arma tua:
Nunc tua deliciis sors fulget, nunc et amaris
Pallet, vt incerta des bona desque mala:
Parca que larga manu tu singula premia confers,
Ac aufers cui vis, sic tua fata geris.
Non Iris tot diuersos in nube colores,
Marcius aut varia tempora Mensis habet,
Quin magis in mille partes tua tempora scindis,
130 Omnia dissimili tincta colore gerens.
Est meretrice tuus amor et fallacior omni,
Et velut vnda maris sic venis atque redis:
Nemo sciet sero que sit tua mane voluntas,
Nam tua mens centri nescit habere locum:
Omne genus lustras, nec in vllo firma recumbis,
Turbinis et vento te facis esse parem.
Non tua conceptam michi firmant oscula pacem,
Nam tua principia finis habere negat:
 Est sine radice tua plantula, nec diuturni
140 Floris habet laudem, namque repente cadit.
Quod sibi permaneat tua nil sapiencia confert,
Set sunt ambigua singula dona tua:
Est tua prosperitas aduersis proxima dampnis,
Et tua, si que sit, gloria rite breuis.

Hic tractat vlterius de mutacione fortune

secundum quod dicunt: concludit tamen in fine,
quod neque sorte aut casu, set ex meritis vel
demeritis sunt, ea que hominibus contingunt.

Capm. iiii. Frustrantur cuncti querentes gaudia mundi,

Nam fortuna nequit mel sine felle dare:
Invidie comes est melior fortuna, nec vmquam
Fida satis cuiquam, mobilis immo manet.
Quis miser ignarus fortune nesciat actus?
150 Quod dat idem tollit, infima summa facit.
Fert vt luna suam fortuna perambula speram,
Decrescit subito, crescit et illa cito:319
Crescit, decrescit, stabilis nec in ordine sistit,320
Est nunc subtus ea, nunc et in orbe supra.
Regnabo, regno, regnaui, sum sine regno,
Omnes sic breuiter decipit illud iter.
Motibus innumeris variare momenta dierum,
Omne quod instituunt fata perire sinunt.
Quando fauet fortuna caue, rota namque rotunda
160 Vertit, et inferius que tulit alta premit:
Quos vocat eicit, erigit, obruit, omnia voluit,
Esse suum proprium vendicat ipsa dolum.
Passibus ambiguis fortuna volubilis errat,
Et manet in nullo cotidiana loco:
En rapuit quodcumque dedit fortuna beatum,
Fit macer et subito qui modo crassus erat.
Dum iuuat et vultu ridet fortuna sereno,
Prospera tunc cuncta regna sequntur opes:321
 Cum fugit illa, simul fugiunt, nec noscitur ille
170 Agminibus comitum qui modo cinctus erat.
Monstrat in exemplis anni mutabile tempus,
Quam fortuna suis stat varianda modis.
Non est fortuna talis quin fallat amica,
Dum mentita sue lex regit acta rote.322
Hec rota continue per girum de leuitate
Vertitur, et nullo tempore fixa manet:
Hec rota personas mundi non excipit vllas;
Hec rota castigat, soluit, et omne ligat.
Non illam flectis precibus, non munere mulces,
180 Non nullis lacrimis nemo mouebit eam:
Non sexus, non condicio, non ordo vel etas,
Nil compellit eam cum pietate pati.
Ciuis et agricola, rex, rusticus, albus et ater,
Doctus et insipiens, diues inopsque simul,
Mitis et impaciens, pius, atrox, equs, iniqus,
Sunt in iudicio, iudice sorte, pares.
Hos premit, hos releuat, leuat hos vt ad yma
retrudat,
Interutrumque iocat quos ad vtrumque vocat:
Ludit et illudit rebus, cum lubricus axis
190 Labitur et secum lubrica queque facit.
Hec rota nugatrix sic girovagatur eodem
Motu, ne possit rebus inesse quies.
Impetus euertit quicquid fortuna ministrat
Prospera, nec stabilem contulit ipsa statum.
Heu! cur tanta fuit concessa potencia tali,
Cui nichil est iure iuris in orbe datum?
Si quid iuris habet, surrepcio dicitur esse,
Nam de iure nichil quo dominetur habet.
Sic dicunt homines, qui credunt omnia casu
200 Quod deus extruxit ipsa mouere potest:
Set fortuna tamen nichil est, neque sors, neque
fatum,
Rebus in humanis nil quoque casus habet:
Set sibi quisque suam sortem facit, et sibi casum
 Vt libet incurrit, et sibi fata creat;
Atque voluntatis mens libera quod facit actum
Pro variis meritis nomine sortis habet.
Debet enim semper sors esse pedisseca mentis,
Ex qua sortitur quod sibi nomen erit:
Si bene vis, sequitur bona sors; si vis male, sortem
210 Pro motu mentis efficis esse malam.
Si super astra leues virtutum culmine mentem,
Te fortuna sue ducit ad alta rote:
Set si subrueris viciorum mole, repente
Tecum fortunam ducis ad yma tuam.
Expedit vt sortem declines deteriorem,
Dum tuus est animus liber vtrumque sequi.

Hic dicit secundum scripturas et allegat,

qualiter omnes creature homini iusto seruientes
obediunt.

Capm. v. Dixerat ista deus, si que preceperit ipse

Quis seruare velit, prospera reddet ei,
Campos frugiferos, botris vinetaque plena,
220 Temperiem solis et pluuialis aque;
Sidera compescet, Saturnum reddet amenum,
Qui fuerat pestis tunc erit ipse salus;
Inque suas metas gladius non transiet, immo
De virtute sua singula bella fugat.
Sic pax, sic corpus sanum, sic copia rerum
Sunt homini iusto, dum timet ipse deum:
Tempore quo iustus steterit, stant prospera secum,
Sique cadat iustus, prospera iure cadent;
Nam retrouersantur peruersi prospera iusti,
230 Cumque malus fuerit, carpet et ipse mala.
Sic deus ex meritis disponit tempora nostris,
Vt patet exemplis, si memoranda legis.
Angelus hic cecum Raphael sanare Tobiam
Euolat e celis pronus in orbe viris:
 Imperio iusti nequeunt obstare subacti
Tortores baratri, set famulantur ei:
Ac elementorum celestia corpora iustum
Subdita iure colunt, et sua vota ferunt.
In virtute dei sapiens dominabitur astra,323
240 Totaque consequitur vis orizontis eum:
Circulus et ciclus, omnis quoque spera suprema
Sub pede sunt hominis quem iuuat ipse deus.
Sol stetit in Gabaon iusto Iosue rogitante,
Nec poterat gressus continuare suos;
Imperio Iosue solis rota non fuit ausa
Currere, set cursus nescia fixa stetit:
Stella quidem natum patefecit nuncia Cristum,
Quo pacem iustis reddidit ipse deus.
Aeream pestem legimus sanasseque sanctum
250 Gregorium Rome, subueniente prece.
Diuisit Moyses mare virga percuciente,
Quo poterat populus siccus inire pedes:
Firma fides Petri dum cepit credere Cristi
Verba, viam pedibus prebuit vnda maris:
Propter Heliseum limpharum gurgite mersum
Ferrum transiliit desuper atque redit.
Ignea tres pueros fornax suscepit Hebreos,
Flamma set illesis victa pepercit eis.
Terra set Hillario, que plana fuit prius, almo
260 Se leuat, et sedes alta recepit eum:
Ex duris Moyse saxis heremique iubente
Dum saliunt fluctus, gens bibit atque pecus:
Montes rex Macedum diuisos consolidauit;
Ex precibus iustis sic dedit esse deus.
Omnis in orbe fera iusti virtute subacta
Est, draco sicque leo, quos sibi subdit homo:324
Namque per hoc iustum nouit Babilon Danielem,
Romaque Siluestrum senserat esse sacrum.
Aeris et volucres iussu Moysi ceciderunt,
270 Inque cibos populi subiacuere dei:
Et piscis triduo Ione seruiuit in vndis,
 Dum Niniue portu ventre refudit eum.
Omnia sic iusto patet vt diuina creata
Subueniunt homini, subdita sunt et ei.
O quam diues homo, quam magno munere felix,
Cui totus soli subditur orbis honor!
Felix pre cunctis, cui quicquid fabrica mundi
Continet, assurgit et sua iussa facit.
Si tamen econtra iustus sua verterit acta,325
280 Illico peruersum senciet inde malum.

Hic tractat secundum scripturas et allegat,

qualiter omnes creature homini peccatori
aduersantes inobediunt.

Capm. vi. Dum Dauid ipse scelus commisit, in aere pestis

Congelat, et gentem sternit vbique suam:
Et pro peccatis Sodomam combusserat ignis,
Estque Chore culpis eius adusta domus:
Propter peccatum torrens peruenit aquarum,
In moriendo quibus condolet omne genus:
Et terre solida viciis fuerant liquefacta,
Dum Dathan ac Abiron scissa cauerna vorat:
Angelus et domini Sirie turmas dedit ensi,
290 Lisiamque ducem fecit inire fugam:
Septem nocte viros Sarre iugulauit iniquos
Demon et Asmodeus, vult ita namque deus.
Nil fortuna potest iniusto ferre salutis,
Namque creans obstant atque creata simul:326
Nil valet auferre iusto fortuna valoris,
Nam deus ipse iuuat, et sibi fata nichil.
Vires Sampsoni, vel sensum quis Salomoni,
Absolon aut speciem contulit? Ecce quidem
Corpora natura dedit, et sic exiget illa,
300 Virtutes anime gracia sola dei:327
Sic patet vt fortuna nichil valet addere nobis,
Tollere seu quicquid, cum nichil ipsa dedit.
 Cum tam pacificum rexit Salomon sibi regnum,328
Tot quoque diuicie quando fuere sue,
Cumque Philisteum constat vicisse gigantem
Funda manu Dauid, num deus ista tulit?
Cumque dies fuerant Ezechie morientis
Sic elongati, mors quoque cessit ei,
Set cum de culpa fuit excusata Susanna,
310 Hester et in populo glorificata suo,
Dic que fortuna tunc prospera contulit ipsis?329
Nulla, puto, neque iam quis rogo causet eam.
In recolente deum non est fortuna colenda,
Nec faciente malum sors valet esse bona.

Quid Pharao poterat fortunam corripuisse,

Cumque furore sui tot periere viri?
Aut Nabugodonosor sua quod mutata figura
In pecus extiterat, quid nisi culpa dabat?
Aut quid et ille Saül, qui regnum perdidit et se,
320 Num quia precepti fit reus ipse dei?
Non Azariam lepra candida sorte subegit,
Vsurpans templi presulis acta sibi?
Set quid Achab dicet? Naboth dum tolleret agrum,
Eius auaricia fit sibi causa necis.
Aut Roboas? quoniam senium bona dogmata
spreuit,
Diuisum regnum plangit habere suum.
Aut Phinees et Ophni, quos belli strauerat ensis,
Archaque capta fuit? preuia culpa tulit.
Aut quid Hely, qui retrocadens sibi vertice fracto
330 Corruit a Sella, dum stupet inde noua?
Non sors fortune poterat sibi talia ferre,
Set pro peccatis contigit illud eis.
Qui male fecerunt mala premia fine tulerunt,
Namque malos iuste perdidit ipse male.
Cum simulacra colens populus peccasset
Hebreus,
Illum tradebat hostibus ira dei:
 Cum prece pulsaret celum simulacra relinquens,
Hostes terga dabant, illud agente deo.
Iudei reges valuerunt tunc super omnes,
340 Dum non iura sui preteriere dei;
Hostiles acies populus Iudeus in armis
Semper deuicit, dum bonus ipse fuit:
Set cum transgressi fuerant, tunc hostis vbique
Victos, captiuos, sternere cepit eos.
Ex meritis vel demeritis sic contigit omne,
Humano generi quicquid adesse solet:
Sic vario casu versabitur alea mundi,
Dum solet in rebus ludere summa manus.

Hic loquitur de deo summo Creatore, qui est

trinus et vnus, in cuius sciencia et disposicione
omnia creata reguntur.

Capm. vii. Est deus omnipotens solus qui cuncta gubernat,

350 Omnia preuidit totus vbique manens;
Omnia ventura sibi sunt presencia semper,
Quam prius et fiant, hec quasi facta videt.
Ante creaturam genitor deus, et genitura
Prima creatura, causaque prima mouens.
Omne quod est esse certum sibi tempus habebat,
Ante quidem tempus set deus omne fuit:
Omne quod est, quod erat, quod erit, quod ducit
ad esse,
Est deus, et nec ei temporis esse datur:
Nulla coeua deo poterunt se tempora ferre,
360 Sic patet est dominus iure priore deus.
Est pater, est natus deus, est et spiritus almus,
Tres ita personas nomina trina sonant:
Quelibet hic persona deus dominusque vocatur,
Est deus et dominus solus et vnus idem.
Hee sunt persone tres, set substancia simplex,
Hee tres sunt vnum, non tria, tres set idem:
 Hiis tribus vna manet essencia, tres deus vnus,
Hic nichil aut maius aut minus esse potest:
Vna tribus mens, vna trium substancia simplex,
370 Vna tribus bonitas, vna Sophia trium.
Est ignis, calor et motus tria, sicque videntur;
Hec tria sic semper feruidus ignis habet:
Sic pater et natus et spiritus in deitate
Tres sunt, et solum cum paritate notant.
Cum dominus dicat, ‘Hominem faciamus,’ in illo
Clarius insinuat que sit habenda fides:
Hic persona triplex auctore notatur in vno,330
Cum maneat simplex in deitate sua.

Hic loquitur de filio dei incarnato domino

nostro Ihesu Cristo, per quem de malo in
bonum reformamur.

Capm. viii. Nunc incarnatum decet et nos credere natum,

380 Quem colimus Cristum credulitate Ihesum.
Sic opus incepit natus, de corde paterno,
De gremio patris venit ad yma deus.
De patre processit, set non de patre recessit,
Ad mundi veniens yma, set astra tenens;
Semper enim de patre fuit, fuit in patre semper,
Semper apud patrem, cum patre semper idem:
Assumpsit carnem factus caro, nec tamen illam
Desiit assumens esse quod ante fuit:
Vnitur caro sic verbo, quod sint in eadem
390 Hec duo persona, verus vbique deus:
Quod fuit, hoc semper mansit, quod non fuit, illud
Virginis in carne sumpsit, et illud erat.
Par opus huic operi nusquam monstratur, honori
Nullus par potuit esse, Maria, tuo.
Infirmus carne, set robustus deitate,
Carne minor patre, par deitate manens:
Hinc alit, hinc alitur, hinc pascit, pascitur inde,
 Hinc regit, hinc regitur, hinc nequit, inde potest:
Hinc iacet in cunis et postulat vbera matris,
400 Hinc testatur eum celicus ordo deum:
Hinc presepe tenet artum sub paupere tecto,
Hinc ad eum reges preuia stella trahit:
Hinc sitis, esuries, lacrime, labor atque dolores,
Et tandem potuit sustinuisse mori.
Ponitur in precio res impreciabilis, ipse
Proditur et modico venditur ere deus:
Postque salus, vita, seui predacio claustri;
Inde resurexit regna paterna petens:331
Iudicioque suo, finis cum venerit orbis,
410 Attribuet cunctis que meruere prius.
Sic homo perfectus, sic perfectus deus idem,
Exsequitur plene quicquid vtrumque decet.
Suggerit hoc verum mortale quod vbera suggit,
Quod noua stella gerit suggerit esse deum:
Quod presepe tenet, hominis; quod tres tribus
vnum
Muneribus laudant, cernitur esse dei.
Vt sit inops diues, deus infans, rex sine lecto,
Lactis opem poscit pascere cuncta potens,
Hospicium presepe tenens, cui fabrica mundi
420 Est domus, et thalamus ardua tecta poli.
Venit vt esuriat panis, requiesque laboret,
Fons siciat, penas possit habere salus,
Lux obscurari tenebris, sol luce carere,
Et contristari gloria, vita mori.
Hec ita sponte tulit proprio commotus amore,
Vt deus in nostra carne maneret homo.
Sicut Adam fragilis fit primi causa doloris,
Ille deus fortis letificauit opus:
Culpa prioris Ade nascentes vulnerat omnes,
430 Donec sanet eos vnda sequentis Ade.
Primus Adam pecudi, volucri dominatur et angui,
Sub pede noster habet cuncta secundus Adam.
Tempore descensus veteri fuit ad loca flendi,
 Ad loca gaudendi lex noua fecit iter.
Vt sic credat homo fore qui vult saluus oportet,
Nec sciat vlterius quam sibi scire licet.

Hic dicit quod quilibet debet firmiter credere,

nec vltra quam decet argumenta fidei
inuestigare.

Capm. ix. Cum deus ex nichilo produxit ad esse creata,

Ipse deus solus et sine teste fuit.
Vt solus facere voluit, sic scire volebat
440 Solus, et hoc nulli participauit opus.
Materies nulla, subtilis forma, perhennis
Compago nostre nil racionis habet.
Subde tuam fidei mentem, quia mortis ymago
Iudicis eterni mistica scire nequit:
Letitiam luctus, mors vitam, gaudia fletus,
Non norunt, nec que sunt deitatis homo:
Non tenebre solem capiunt, non lumina cecus,
Infima mens hominis nec capit alta dei.
Nempe sacri flatus archanum nobile nunquam
450 Scrutari debes, quod penetrare nequis.
Cum non sit nostrum vel mundi tempora
nosse,332
Vnde creaturas nosse laborat homo?
Nos sentire fidem nostra racione probatam,
Non foret humanis viribus illud opus.
Humanum non est opus vt transcendat ad astra,
Quod mortalis homo non racione capit:
Ingenium tante transit virtutis in altum,
Transcurrit superos, in deitate manet.
Qui sapienter agit, sapiat moderanter in istis,
460 Postulet vt rectam possit habere fidem.
Ingenium mala sepe mouent; non nosse
virorum333
Est quid in excelsis construit ipse deus:
 Multa viros nescire iuuat; pars maxima rerum
Offendit sensus; sobrius ergo sciat:
Committat fidei quod non poterit racioni,
Quod non dat racio det sibi firma fides.
Adde fidem, nam vera fides, quod non videt,
audit,
Credit, sperat, et hec est via, vita, salus.
Argumenta fides dat rerum que neque sciri
470 Nec possunt mente nec racione capi:
Vera fides quicquid petit impetrat, omne meretur,
Quicquid possibile creditur ipsa potest.
Lingua silet, non os loquitur, mens deficit, auris
Non audit, nichil est hic nisi sola fides.
Vna quid ad solem sintilla valet, vel ad equor
Gutta, vel ad celum quid cinis esse potest?
Vult tamen a modicis inmensus, summus ab ymis,
Vult deus a nobis mentis amore coli.
Hunc in amando modus discedat, terminus absit;
480 Nam velut est dignus, nullus amauit eum.
Ille docet quodcumque decet, set et aspera planat,
Curat fracta, fugat noxia, lapsa leuat:
Nam crux et roseo perfusi sanguine claui,
Expulso Sathana, nostra fuere salus.
Quisque Ihesum meditans intendere debet vt
actus
Deponat veteres et meliora colat.
Vita per hoc nomen datur omnibus, et benedicti
Absque Ihesu solo nomine nemo potest.
Non est sanctus vt hic dominus, qui solus ab omni
490 Labe fuit mundus, sanctificansque reos.
Et nisi tu non est alius, quia s u n t nichil omnes
Hii quos mentitur aurea forma deos.
Sic beat ecclesia nos per te larga bonorum,
Et Sinagoga suis est viduata bonis.
 Hic tractat quod in re sculptili vel conflatili
non est confidendum, nec eciam talia adorari
debent; set quod ex illis in ecclesia visis mens
remorsa ad solum deum contemplandum cicius
commoueatur.

Capm. x. O maledicta deo gens perfida, nempe pagani,

Quos incredulitas non sinit esse sacros;
Recta fides Cristi quos horret, nam sine recto
Iure creatoris ligna creata colunt.
Incuruatur homo, sese prosternit, adorat
500 Ligna, creatoris inmemor ipse sui.334
Ligna sibi, lapides, que cernit ymagine sculpta,
Quodlibet ipse suum iactitat esse deum.
Quem deus erexit, pronus iacet ante fauillam,
Et sculptam statuam stipitis orat homo;
Orat opem, petit auxilium, nec muta refantur,
Postulat et manibus quos creat ipsa manus.
Quam vacui sensus est et racionis egeni,
Quod dominus rerum res facit esse deos!
O perturbate mentis reminiscere pensa,
510 Cuius erat primo condicionis homo:
Ad mentem reuoca titulum, quo te deus olim
Insignem fecit, cum dedit esse tibi.
Nonne fuit primo totus tibi conditus orbis,
Subiecteque tuis nutibus eius opes?
Non fuit ad cultum, factus fuit orbis ad vsum,
Esse tuus seruus, non deus esse tuus.
Que iubet ergo tibi racio, quod vel faber igne
Conflat vel ligno leuigat, esse deum?
O miser, vnde deos tibi dices ydola vana,
520 Tuque deo similis ad simulacra iaces?
Omnibus, heu! viciis hec est insania maior,
Numina muta coli, dum nichil ipsa sciunt.
Que nec habent gressum, tactum, gustum neque
visum,
Numquid ymaginibus sit reputanda salus?
 Ad racionale quid brutum, quid minus illud
Ad vitale genus, quod neque viuit, erit?
Arboris est vna pars sulcus, pars et ymago,
Pars pulmenta coquit, arbor et vna fuit:
Ecce duas partes calco, set tercia sculpta
530 Nescio deberet qua racione coli.
‘Fiat eis similis ea qui componit, et ille
Qui confidit eis’: sic iubet ipse deus.
Dignior est sculptor sculpto: concluditur ergo
Quod nimis est fatuus qui colit actor opus.
Nos set ymaginibus aliter fruimur, puto, sculptis,
Non ad culturam ius minuendo dei;335
Nos set habemus eas, memores quibus amplius
esse
Possumus, vt sanctis intima vota demus.
Credimus esse deum, non esse deos, neque ritus
540 Nos gentilis habet: absit ab orbe procul!
Set cum causa lucri statuas componit et illas
Ornat, vt ex plebe carpere dona putet,
Qui sic fingit opus saltem deuotus ad aurum,
Nescio quid meriti fabrica talis habet.
Cumque deus Moysi fuerat de monte locutus,
Visa dei populo nulla figura fuit;
Nam si quam speciem populus vidisset, eadem
Forma fecisset sculptile forsan opus.
Set deus ex tali sculpto qui spernit honorem,
550 Noluit effigiem quamque notare suam;
Est set ymago dei, puto, iuncta caro racioni,
Ex qua culturam vendicat ipse suam.
Vndique signa crucis in honore Ihesu crucifixi
Mentibus impressa sunt adoranda satis.
Vis crucis infernum vicit, veterisque ruine,
Demone deiecto, crux reparauit opus:
Crux est vera salus, crux est venerabile lignum,336
Mors mortis, vite porta, perhenne decus:
Pectora purificat, mentemque rubigine mundat,337
560 Clarificat corda, corpora casta facit;