Solution Manual for Brief Applied

Calculus 7th Edition by Berresford

Rockett ISBN 1305085329
9781305085329
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 Solution Manual for Brief Applied Calculus
7th Edition Berresford by Berresford Rockett
ISBN 1305085329 9781305085329
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DIAGNOSTIC TEST

Are you ready to study calculus?

Algebra is the language in which we express the ideas of calculus. Therefore, to un-
derstand calculus and express its ideas with precision, you need to know some algebra.

If you are comfortable with the algebra covered in the following problems, you are
ready to begin your study of calculus. If not, turn to the Algebra Appendix beginning
on page A.xxx and review the Complete Solutions to these problems, and continue
reading the other parts of the Appendix that cover anything that you do not know.

Problems Answers
1
1. True or False? 2
< 3 False

4, 5 ] (
2. Express {x| 4 < x 5} in interval notation.
3. What is the slope of the line through the points (6, 7) and (9, 8)? 5

4. On the line y = 3x + 4, what value of y corresponds to x = 2? 6

5. Which sketch shows the graph of the line y = 2x 1? a

x −2 = y2
True or False? ◆
True
y x✓ p
2 3

7. Find the zeros of the function f (x) = 9x 6x 1 2 x =±1

p
8. Expand and simplify x(8 x) (3x + 7). 7 2+ 5x x
2
x 3x + 2
3 2
9. What is the domain of f (x) = x + x 6x ? } , x= 26 3, x= 06 x=6 | x{
2 f (x + h) f (x)
10. For f (x) = x 5x, find the di↵erence quotient . 5 + 2hx
h
Exercises 1.1 3

Chapter 1: Functions
EXERCISES 1.1
x0 x 6 x 3 x 5

–3 5

xx 2

2 4. xx 7
7
a.Since x = 3 and m = 5, then y, the change
in y, is a.Since x = 5 and m = –2, then y, the change
y = 3 • m = 3 • 5 = 15 in y, is
y = 5 • m = 5 • (–2) = –10
Since x = –2 and m = 5, then y, the
change in y, is Since x = –4 and m = –2, then y, the
y = –2 • m = –2 • 5 = –10 change in y, is
y = –4 • m = –4 • (–2) = 8
For (2, 3) and (4, –1), the slope is
1 3 4 2 For (3, –1) and (5, 7), the slope is
4 2 2 7 (1) 7 1 84
For (–4, 0) and (2, 2), the slope is 5 3 2 2
2 0 2 2 1 For (–1, 4) and (5, 1), the slope is
2 (4) 2 4 6 3 1 4 3 3 1
5 (1) 5 1 6 2
For (0, –1) and (4, –1), the slope is

1(1) 1 1 00 12. 1 1
For 2, 2 and 5, 2 , the slope is
4 0 4 4 1 1
2 2 0 0 0

5 (2) 5 2 7
For (2, –1) and (2, 5), the slope is
5 (1) 5 1 undefined For (6, –4) and (6, –3), the slope is
2 2 0 3(4) 3 4 undefined
6 6 0
Since y = 3x – 4 is in slope-intercept form, m Since y = 2x is in slope-intercept form, m = 2 and
= 3 and the y-intercept is (0, –4). Using the the y-intercept is (0, 0). Using m = 2, we see that
slope m = 3, we see that the point 1 unit to the the point 1 to the right and 2 units up is also on
right and 3 units up is also on the line. the line.
4 Chapter 1: Functions
1 18. 1
17. Since y = 2 x is in slope-intercept form, Since y = 3 x + 2 is in slope-intercept form,

m= 1 and the y-intercept is (0, 0). Using m= 1

and the y-intercept is (0, 2). Using
2 3
m= 1 , we see that the point 2 units to the m= 1 , we see that the point 3 units to the right
2 3
right and 1 unit down is also on the line. and 1 unit down is also on the line.

The equation y = 4 is the equation of the hori-zontal The equation y = –3 is the equation of the hori-
line through all points with y-coordinate 4. zontal line through all points with y-coordinate
Thus, m = 0 and the y-intercept is (0, 4). –3. Thus, m = 0 and the y-intercept is (0, –3).

The equation x = 4 is the equation of the vertical The equation x = –3 is the equation of the vertical
line through all points with x-coordinate 4. line through all points with x-coordinate –3. Thus,
Thus, m is not defined and there is no y- m is not defined and there is no y-intercept.
intercept.

23. First, solve for y: 24. First, solve for y:

2 x 3 y 12 3 x 2 y 18
3 y 2 x 12
2y 3 x 18
y 2x 4 3 x 9
3 y
Therefore, m = 2 and the y-intercept is (0, –4). 2 3 and the y-intercept is (0, 9).
Therefore, m =
3
Exercises 1.1 5

First, solve for y: First, solve for y:

y 0 2y 4
x 2y x 4
1
Therefore, m = –1 and the y-intercept is (0, 0). y 2 x 2
1
Therefore, m = 2 and the y-intercept is (0, –2).

First, solve for y: First, put the equation in slope-intercept form:

y0yx 2
y 3x3
2
y x y 3x 2
2
Therefore, m = 1 and the y-intercept is (0, 0). Therefore, m = 3 and the y-intercept is (0, –2).

First, put the equation in slope-intercept form: First, solve for y:

x 2 x y
y 3 2 3 1
y 1 x 2 y1
3 3 3 2 x 1 y
3
1 and the y-intercept is 2
Therefore, m = 0, . 2x3
3 3 3
Therefore, m = 2 and the y-intercept is (0, 3).
 6 Chapter 1: Functions

First, solve for y: First, solve for y:

2 x y 1
3 y 1 2 1
2 1 y 1 2
y 3 x 1
x1
2 y 2 2
y 3x 1 x
2

Therefore, m = 3 and the y-intercept is (0, –1). Therefore, m = –1 and the y-intercept is (0, 0).

2
y = –2.25x + 3 y 3x 8
y2 5 x 1 y 2 5 x 5 y31x4y3x4

yx 7
y 5x 3
3
y 4
y = –4
1
x 2
x = 1.5
42. First, find the slope.
First, find
13
the slope.
4 2
0 1
m m 1

75 2 63 3
Then use the point-slope formula with this Then use the point-slope formula with this slope
slope and the point (5, 3). and the point (6, 0).
y 3 2x 5 1
y 0 3 x 6
y 32 x 10 1
y 3 x 2
y 2x 13
First, find the slope.
43. First, find the slope. 4 0 4
1 1 m undefined
2 2 0
m 11 0
51 4 Since the slope of the line is undefined, the line
Then use the point-slope formula with this is a vertical line. Because the x-coordinates of
slope and the point (1,–1). the points are 2, the equation is x = 2.
y 1 0x 1
10y
1
Exercises 1.1 7

a. First find the slope of the line 4 y 3 x 5. 46. a. First find the slope of the line x 3 y 7.
Write the equation in slope-intercept form. Write the equation in slope-intercept form.
1 7
y 3 5
4x 4 y x .
3 3
3
The slope of the parallel line is m 4. The slope of the parallel line is m 1
3 .

Next, use the point-slope form with the Next, use the point-slope form with the
point (12, 2): point (–6, 5):
y y1 mx x1 y y1 mx x1
3
y 2 x 12 y 5 1x 6

4 3

The slope of the line perpendicular to b. The slope of the line perpendicular to
1
3 5 4 7
y 3 x 3 . is m 3.
y 4x 4 . is m 3.
Next, use the point-slope form with the Next, use the point-slope form with the
point (12, 2): point (–6, 5):
y y1 m x x1 y y1 mx x1
4
y 2 x 12 y5 3x 6
3 y 3 x 23

The y-intercept of the line is (0, 1), and y = –2 for x = The y-intercept of the line is (0, –2), and y = 3
y 2 y3
1. Thus, m x 1 2 . Now, use the slope- for x = 1. Thus, m x 1 3 . Now, use the slope-
intercept form of the line: intercept form of the line: y = 3x – 2
y = –2x + 1.

The y-intercept is (0, –2), and y = 3 for The y-intercept is (0, 1), and y = –2 for x = 3.
y3 y 22
x = 2. Thus, m x 2 . Now, use the slope- Thus, m x 3 3 . Now, use the slope-intercept
3 2
intercept form of the line: y 2 x 2 form of the line: y 3x1

0 5 5
51. First, consider the line through the points (0, 5) and (5, 0). The slope of this line is m 5 0 5
1 . Since
(0, 5) is the y-intercept of this line, use the slope-intercept form of the line: y = –1x + 5 or y = –x + 5.
Now consider the line through the points (5, 0) and (0, –5). The slope of this line is m 5 0 5 1 . Since
05 5
(0,–5) is the y-intercept of the line, use the slope-intercept form of the line: y = 1x – 5 or y = x – 5
Next, consider the line through the points (0, –5) and (–5, 0). The slope of this line is m 05 5 1 .
5 0 5
Since (0, –5) is the y-intercept, use the slope-intercept form of the line: y = –1x – 5 or y = –x – 5
Finally, consider the line through the points (–5, 0) and (0, 5). The slope of this line is m 5 0 5 1. Since
0 5 5
(0, 5) is the y-intercept, use the slope-intercept form of the line: y = 1x + 5 or y = x + 5

52. The equation of the vertical line through (5, 0) 53. If the point (x1, y1) is the y-intercept (0, b), then
is x = 5. substituting into the point-slope form of the line
The equation of the vertical line through (–5, 0) gives
is x = –5. y y1 m ( x x1 )
The equation of the horizontal line through y b m ( x 0)
(0, 5) is y = 5. y b mx
The equation of the horizontal line through y mx b
(0, –5) is y = –5.
 8 Chapter 1: Functions

To find the x-intercept, substitute y = 0 into the a.

equation and solve for x:
x y
1
a b
x 0
1
a b
x
1
on [–5, 5] by [–5, 5]
a

x a Thus, (a, 0) is the x-intercept.

b.
To find the y-intercept, substitute x = 0 into the
equation and solve for y:
x y
1
a b
0 y
1
a b
y on [–5, 5] by [–5, 5]
1
b
y b Thus, (0, b) is the y-intercept.

a. b.

on [–5, 5] by [–5, 5] on [–5, 5] by [–5, 5]

Low demand: [0, 8); A: [90, 100]; B: [80,90); C: [70, 80);
average demand: [8, 20); D: [60, 70); F: [0, 60)
high demand: [20, 40);
critical demand: [40, )

a.The value of x corresponding to the year 2020 is x = 2020 – 1900 = 120. Substituting x = 120 into the
equation for the regression line gives
0.356 x 257.44
y 0.356(120) 257.44 214.72 seconds
Since 3 minutes = 180 seconds, 214.72 = 3 minutes 34.72 seconds. Thus, the world record in the year
2020 will be 3 minutes 34.72 seconds.
To find the year when the record will be 3 minutes 30 seconds, first convert 3 minutes 30 seconds to
60 sec
seconds: 3 minutes 30 seconds = 3 minutes • 1 min + 30 seconds = 210 seconds.

Now substitute y = 210 seconds into the equation for the regression line and solve for x.
y 0 .356 x 257.44
210 0 .356 x 257.44
0.356 x 257.44210
0.356 x 47.44
47.44
x 133.26
0.356
Since x represents the number of years after 1900, the year corresponding to this value of x is
1900 + 133.26 = 2033.26 2033. The world record will be 3 minutes 30 seconds in 2033.
60. For x = 720: For x = 722:
y 0 .356x 257.44 y 0.356x 257.44
0.356 720257.44 0.356 722 257.44
256.32 257.44 1.12 seconds 257.744 257.44 0.408 second
These are both unreasonable times for running 1 mile.
Exercises 1.1 9

a. To find the linear equation, first find the a. First, find the slope of the line containing
slope of the line containing these points. the points.
m 146 70 76 38 m 42.8 38.6 4.2 1.4
3 1 2 4 1 3
Next, use the point-slope form with the Next, use the point-slope form with the
point (1, 70): point (1, 38.6):
y y1 mx x1 m x x1 y
70 38 x 1 y 38.6 1.4 x 1 y 1.4 x
38 x 32 37.2
Sales are increasing by 38 million units PCPI increases by about $1400 (or $1.4
per year. thousand) each year.
The sales at the end of 2020 is The value of x corresponding to 2020 is
y = 38(10) + 32 = 412 million units. = 2020 – 2008 = 12. Substitute 12 into
the equation: yy
= 1.4(12) + 37.2 = $54 thousand
or $54,000
a. First, find the slope of the line containing the a. First, find the slope of the line containing
points. the points.
m 212 32 180 9 m 89.8 74.8 15 3.75

100 0 100 5 40 4
Next, use the point-slope form with the point Next, use the point-slope form with the
(0, 32): point (0, 74.8):
y y1 m x x1 m x x1
9

y 32 x 0 y 74.8 3.75 x 0 y
5 3.75 x 74.8
9
y 5 x 32

b. Substitute 20 into the equation. Since 2021 is 12 years after 2009,

9 substitute 11 into the equation.
y 5 x 32 yy
y 3.75 x 74.8
9 y 3.75(12) 74.8 119.8 thousand dollars or
y 5 (20) 32 36 32 68 F
$119,800

65. a. Price = $50,000; useful lifetime = 20 years; a. Price = $800,000; useful lifetime = 20 yrs;
scrap value = $6000
V 50 ,000
t 0 t 20 scrap value = $60,000

50,000 6000 800,000 60,000

V 800,000
20 20
50,000 2200 t 0 t 20 0 t 20

800,000 37,000t 0 t 20
Substitute t = 5 into the Substitute t = 10 into the
equation. V 50,000 2200t equation. V 800,000 37,000 t
50,000 2200 5 800,000 37,000 10

50,000 11,000 $39, 000 800,000 370, 000 $430, 000

on [0, 20] by [0, 50,000]

on [0, 20] by [0, 800,000]
10 Chapter 1: Functions

67. a. Substitute w = 10, r = 5, C = 1000 into the 68. a. Substitute w = 8, r = 6, C = 15,000 into the
equation. equation.
10L 5K 1000 8L 6K 15,000

Substitute each pair into the equation.
For (100, 0), 10 100 5 0 1000 For (75,
50), 10 75 5 50 1000 For (20, 160), 10
20 5 160 1000 For (0, 200), 10 0 5 200
1000 Every pair gives 1000.
Substitute each pair into the equation.
For (1875, 0), 8 1875 6 0 15, 000 For
(1200, 900), 8 1200 6 900 15,000 For
(600, 1700), 8 600 6 1700 15,000 For (0,
2500), 8 0 6 2500 15, 000
Every pair gives 15,000.

a. Median Marriage Age for a. Women’s Annual Earnings

Men and Women as a Percent of Men’s

on [0, 30] by [0, 35] on [0, 30] by [0, 100]

⸀Ā ᜀ Ā ᜀ
he x-value corresponding to the year
2020 is x = 2020 – 2000 = 20. The
following screens are a result of the
CALCULATE command with x = 20.
Ā ᜀ The x-value correspoĀndiᜀ ng to the year 2020 Ā ᜀ
is x = 2020 – 2000 = 20. The following
screen is a result of the CALCULATE
command with x = 20.

Median Age at Marriage Median Age at Marriage

for Men in 2020 for Women in 2020.
So, the median marriage age for men in
2020 will be 30.3 years and for women it
will be 27.8 years.
The x-value corresponding to the year
2030 is x = 2030 – 2000 = 30. The
following screens are a result of the
CALCULATE command with x = 30.
Women’s Annual Earnings
as a Percent of Men’s
So, in the year 2020 women’s wages will
be about 84.2% of men’s wages.
The x-value corresponding to the year 2025
is x = 2025 – 2000 = 25. The following
screen is a result of the CALCULATE
command with x = 25.

Median Age at Marriage Median Age at Marriage

for Men in 2030 for Women in 2030. Women’s Annual Earnings
as a Percent of Men’s
So, the median marriage age for men in
2030 will be 32.1 years and for women it So in the year 2025 women’s wages will be
will be 29.2 years. about 86% of men’s wages.
 Exercises 1.1 11

a. a. To find the reported “happiness” of a

person with an income of $25,000,
substitute 25 into the equation
0.065 x 0.613
0.065(25) 0.613 1.0.
on [0, 100] by [0, 50]
To find the probability that a person with a The reported “happiness” of a person with
family income of $40,000 is a smoker, an income of $35,000 is
substitute 40 into the equation 0.065(35) 0.613 1.7.
y 0 .31x 40
y 0 .31(40) 40 27.6 or 28%.
The probability that a person with a family The reported “happiness” of a person with
income of $70,000 is a smoker is y an income of $45,000 is
0.31(70) 40 18.3 or 18%. 0.065(45) 0.613 2.3.

73. a. 74. a.

y 0.094x 1.582 y 5.8x

24.5
Cigarette consumption is declining by Each year the usage increases by about 5.8
about 94 cigarettes (from 0.094 thousand, percentage points.
so about 5 packs) per person per year.
y 0 .094 13 1.582 0.36 thousand y 5.8 11 24.5 88.3%
(360 cigarettes)

a. a.

2.13x 65.35 1.41x 73.97

The male life expectancy is increasing by The female life expectancy is increasing by
2.13 years per decade, which is 0.213 years 1.41 years per decade, which is 0.141 years
(or about 2.6 months per year). (or about 1.7 months per year).
y 2.13(6.5) 65.35 79.2 years y 1.41 6.5 73.97 83.1 years

a. a.

0.864x 75.46 8.5x 53

Future longevity decreases by 0.864 (or
about 10.44 months) per year.
y 0.864 25 75.46 53.9 years
It would not make sense to use the
regression line to predict future longevity a
age 90 because the line predicts –2.3 years
of life remaining.
Seat belt use increases by 8.5% each 5 years
(or about 1.7% per year).
y 8.5 5.4 53 98.9%
It would not make sense to use the regressio
line to predict seat belt use in 2025 (x = 7)
because the line predicts 112.5%.
12 Chapter 1: Functions

False: Infinity is not a number.
y 2 y1
m for any two points (x1 , y1) and
x2 x1
(x1 , y1) on the line or the slope is the amount
that the line rises when x increases by 1.
True: All negative numbers must be less than
zero, and all positive numbers are more than
zero. Therefore, all negative numbers are less
than all positive numbers.
“Slope” is the answer to the first blank. The
second blank would be describing it as negative,
because the slope of a line slanting downward as
you go to the right is a “fall” over “run”.

False: The slope of a vertical line is undefined. False: The slope of a vertical line is undefined,
so a vertical line does not have a slope.
a
True: The slope is b and the y-intercept is True: x = c will always be a vertical line because
the x values do not change.
c
b .
y2 y1
False: It should .
be False. A vertical line has no slope, so there is no
x2 x1 m for y mx b.

Drawing a picture of a right triangle. Drawing a picture of a right triangle.

2 2 2 2 2 2
x 4 5 x y 5
2 2 y
x 16 25 x
x 0.75 y 0.75x
9x3
2 2 2
4 4 x (0.75x) 5

The slope is m 3 or 3 if the ladder x

2
0.5625x
2
25

slopes downward. 2
1.5625x 25
2
x 16
x 4
y 0.75(4) 3
The upper end is 3 feet high.
To find the x-intercept, substitute y = 0 into the
equation and solve for x: i.To obtain the slope-intercept form of a
y mx b line, solve the equation for y:
0 mx b ax by c
mx b by ax c
b y ax c
x m
b b
If m ≠ 0, then a single x-intercept exists. So Substitute 0 for b and solve for x:

b b ax by c
a m . Thus, the x-intercept is m ,0 . ax 0y c
ax c
c
x
a
 Exercises 1.2 13

93. Consider R > 1 and 0 < x < K 94. x

x > K means that K – x < 0 and 1.
x
x < K means that K – x > 0 and 0 1. K
K Since K – x < 0, then
Since K – x > 0, then K x Rx Rx
K x Rx Rx K ( R 1)x Rx
R1
K ( R 1)x Rx K1 x Rx
K1 R1
x Rx
K

K Therefore, K Rx y

Rx
R1
R1
Therefore, K 1 x y 1 K x

K x
Additionally, since 1,
Additionally, since 0 x1, K
K x
1(R1) x 1 (R 1)1 1(R1) K 1 (R 1)1

K So, y Rx Rx Rx x
Rx Rx Rx R1 1(R1) R
So, y R1 1(R1) R x 1 K x
1 K x We have K < y < x.
We have x < y < K.

EXERCISES 1.2
2 2 2 12 32 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4
1. 2 2 2 2 2 2 64 2. 5 4 5 2 10 10 10,000

3. 1 1 4. 1 1
24 33
2 4 16 33 27
13 3 1 2 2
5. 2 21 238 6. 3 31 329
51 8 31 4
7. 8 5 8. 4 3
2 2 1 2 21

9. 422122 21 10. 3 9 3 3
2 2 4 1 1
4 1 5 1 1 3 3 3 4
2 2 2 3 81

2 5 32
3
3 2 32 8 2 3 3 33 27
11. 3 3 12. 3 3
23 3 27 32 2 8

2 3 2 2
1 13 3 22 3 2 1 1 2 3 22 3 2
13. 2 3 2 3 14. 2 2 2 2
3 3 1
2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1

981 9 4 5
1 1
2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2
2 3 2 2 4 2 5 5 2 2 4
3 2
15. 2 16.
3 22 3 3 95 22 5 5 25

17. 251/2 25 5 18. 361/2 36 6

 3/2 3 3 3/2 3 3
19. 25 25 5 125 20. 16 16 64

3/4 4 3 3 2/3 3 2 2
21. 16 64 2 8 22. 27 27 3 9

2/3 3 2 2 2/3 3 2 2
23. 8 8 2 4 24. 27 27 3 9

5/3 3 5 5 5/3 3 5 5
25. 8 8 2 32 26. 27 27 3 243
14 Chapter 1: Functions
3
25 3/ 2 25 3 5 3 5 125 16 3/ 2 16 3 4 3 43 64
27. 3 28.
36 36 6 6 216 25 25 5 53 125
2 2
2
2/3 2/3 2
29. 27 3 27 3 9 30. 125 3
125 5 25

125 125 5 25 8 8 24
3 3
2
1 3/5 1 1 1
1 2/5 1 12 1 32. 5

5
31.
32 32 2 8
32 32 2 4 1 1
34. 1/ 2 1
33. 1 1
9 9 1/ 2 9 3
4 4 2 1 1 1 1
1/ 2 1
1 1 1 36. 32
35. 41/ 2 3
32 1
3 3 9 9 9 32 3 3 27
2 8
4 432 4 1 1 1 1
23 1 1 1 1 38. 34
37. 34 3 3
2 16 16 4 16 2 8
8
13
8 2 33 8 2 2 4
40. 13 1 1 1 1
39. 8 1 1 1 1
3 27 13327 3 3
8 2 2
13 27
8
23 1 1 1 1 42. 1 1 1
41. 8 23 2 23 1 3 2
3 2
8 8 ( 2) 4
27 2723 27 ( 3)2 9

12 12
16 9 9 3
44.
43. 9 16 16 4
16 12 12
25 16 16 4 32 32 3 3
32 32 3 3 46. 16 9 9 3 27
25 25 5
45. 25 16 16 4 64
9 16 16 464
16 25 25 5 125
1 53 53 5 5 ᜀ Ā ᜀ Ā ᜀ
27
27 3 27 3 243 5 3 53 5 5
8 8 3 8 2 32
0.39
7 2.14 0.47
2.7 5 2.13
8 274.37 3.9
5 532.09
0.1 0.1
1 1000
0.1 0.977 1 1000 2.717

1 1000 6 106
1 1000 2.720 1 10 2.718

4 5
x 5 4x 6 3 3x 3
4 4 2 x3 x 3

6 6 3/ 2
8x3 2x4 / 3 2x
59. 4/3
3 3
 24 24 60. 4x 2x3/ 2 3x
18 18 2x 2 / 3
61. x
3 3x 3/ 2 62.
2 8x 3/ 2 3 2 2/3

3 x 9x
9 3 2

x 4 x 2 3x 8 2 2
3 x 6 x 2 2x
5x 2 5 x2 2 1/2 3/2

x x1/2 5x 5x 1/2
3 x x 3xx 3 x1/2 1 3x 1/2
3 2 2/3
67. 12 x 12x 12 x 2/3 2 4x 4/3 1/2
10 x 10 x 10 1/2 1/3 1/6
2 2 68.
3x 3x 3 3
2 x 2x1/3 2x 5x
69. 36 x 6 x 6 x1/2 6 1/2 1 1/2

2
x 70. 3 8 x 2 23 x2 2x2/3 x2/3 1 1 x 1/3
2x 2x 2x 2 3x 4x 4x 4x 4 2
Exercises 1.2 15
3 2 2 5 2 10 4 3 2 7 2 14
x x x x x x x x

2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 6 3 3 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 8 z2 2
73. z zz 2
z z z z z z z 74. zz z z zz z zz
3 2

z9 z27 z11 z22

2 2 2 4 2 8 3 3 9 3
75. x x x 76. x 3 x x27

2 5 3 3 23 53 3 6 15 3 4 6 4 4 44 4 64 16 4 24
77. (3 x y z ) 3 x y z 27x z 78. (2 x yz ) 2 x y z 16x y z
y
5 3 2 4 2 8

2 3 3 3 9
( ww ) (w ) w w ( ww ) ( w ) w w3
3 3 2 5 5
79. w w w4 w4 80. w w w w

4 2 2 8 4x 3 y 2 6 2

81. 5xy 25x y y5 16x y 2x4

3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3
25 x y 25x y x y 8x y y8x
9xy 3 z 2 2 6 2 5x 2 y 3 z 4 6 2
2 81x2 y2 z2 27 y4 25x y z
2
2
3 xyz3x y z 2 2 2
5x2 y4 5 xyz 5x y z
2u 2 vw3 2 4 2 6 3 2 2
4u v w u2v u vw u v 6 w2 u4 v 2 w2 2

2
4u w
2 4 2 4 29
2 w2 4 uw2 u 2 w 9u w 9
Average body thickness Average body thickness
3/ 3/
0.4(hip-to-shoulder length) 0.4(hip-to-shoulder length)
2 3/ 2 3 2 3/ 2 3
0.4(16) 0.4 16 0.4(14) 0.4 14

25.6 ft 21.0 ft
0.6

0.6
C x C C x C
0.6 0.6
4 C 2.3C 3 C 1. 9C

To quadruple the capacity costs about 2.3 To triple the capacity costs about 1.9 times as
times as much. much

a. Given the unemployment rate of 2 percent, a. Given the unemployment rate of 3 percent,
the inflation rate is the inflation rate is
1.394 1.54
9.638 2 0.900 45.4 3 1

2.77 percent. 1.394

9.638 5 0.900
Given the unemployment rate of 5 percent, 0.12 percent.
the inflation rate is
 1/ 4 7.36 percent.
Heart rate 250 weight 250
1/ 4 Given the unemployment rate of 8 percent, the
16 inflation rate is
125 beats per minute 1.54
45.4 8 1
0.85 percent.

1/ 4
Heart rate 250 weight 250
1/ 4
625
50 beats per minute
16 Chapter 1: Functions

(Time to build the 50th Boeing 707) (Time to build the 250th Boeing 707)
0.322 0.322
150(50) 150(250)
42.6 thousand work-hours 25.3 thousand work-hours
It took approximately 42,600 work-hours to It took approximately 25,300 work-hours to
build the 50th Boeing 707. build the 250th Boeing 707.
B A B A
Increase in energy 32 Increase in energy 32
327.8 6.7 329.0 7.7
1.1 1.3
32 45 32 91
The 1906 San Francisco earthquake had about The 2011 Japan earthquake had about 91 times
45 times more energy released than the 1994 more energy released than the 2011 India
Northridge earthquake. earthquake.
1/2 2/3
K 3000 225 200 K 4000 125 160

60 0.5 60 0.5
S 11 x S 11 x
60 0.5 60 0.5
11 3281 312 mph 11 1650 222 mph

103. 104.

on [0, 100] by [0,4] on [0, 100] by [0,4]

x 18.2. Therefore, the land area must be x 99. Therefore, the land area must be
increased by a factor of more than 18 to increased by almost 100 times to triple the
double the number of species. number of species.
0.37 0.37
y 9.4x y 9.4(350) 82 miles per hour
0.37
9.4(150) 60 miles per hour The speed of a car that left 350-foot skid marks
The speed of a car that left 150-foot skid was 82 miles per hour.
marks was 60 miles per hour.

a. a.

0.138 0.0866
79.9x (rounded) 607x (rounded)
For year 2020, x = 10. For year 2020, x = 12
0.138 0.0866
79.9 10 $110 billion 607 12 $753

a. Ā Ā ᜀ Ā ᜀ
.

0.0388
41.6x (rounded)
ᜀ Ā ᜀ Ā ᜀ
For year 2020, x = 11. 0.176
0.0388 6.6x (rounded)
41.6 11 $45.7 million For year 2020, x = 12.
ᜀ Ā ᜀ Ā ᜀ
0.176
6.6 12 $41.2 billion
Exercises 1.3 17

2 3 23 6
3, since 9 means the principal square foot. False: 2 2 4 8 32 , while 2 2 64 . (The

(To get 3 you would have to write 9 .) m n mn

correct statement is x x x .

2 6 64 6/2 3 False: 2
32 2 3 9
8 64 , while 2 2 2 512 . (The
False: 2 6 4 16 , while 2 2 8 . (The
mn mn
x m mn correct statement is x x .
correct statement is x n x .)
1/ 2 1/ 3 3
x x , so x must be nonnegative for the x x , so all values of x. For example,
expression to be defined. 1/ 3 1/ 3
8 2 and 8 2.

11 If the exponent
m
n is not fully reduced, it will
x x , so all values of x except 0, because
indicate an even root of a negative number,
you cannot divide by 0. which is not defined in the real number set.

EXERCISES 1.3
3. No 4. Yes
1. Yes 2. No
7. No 8. Yes
5. No 6. Yes
Domain = {x | x < 0 or x > 1} Range Domain = {x | x < –1 or x > 0}
= {y | y > –1} Range = {y | y < 1}

11. a. f(x) x 1 12. a. f(x) x 4

f (10) 101 93 f (40) 404366
b. Domain = {x | x >1} since f ( x )x 1 b. Domain = {x | x > 4} since f ( x )x 4
is defined for all values of x > 1. is defined for all values of x > 4.
Range = {y | y > 0} Range = {y | y > 0}
a. a.
13. h ( z) 1 14. h ( z) 1
z 4 z 7
1 1

h( 5) 5 4 1 h( 8) 8 7 1
1 1
Domain ={z | z ≠ –4} since h z z 4 is Domain = {z | z ≠ –7} since h z z 7 is

defined for all values of z except z = –4. defined for all values of z except z = –7.
Range = {y | y ≠ 0} Range = {y | y ≠ 0}
1/ 4 1/ 6
a. h ( x ) x a. h ( x ) x
1/ 4 4 1/ 4 6
h(81) 81 81 3 h(81) 64 64 2

1/ 4 16
Domain = {x | x > 0} since h ( x ) x is Domain = {x | x > 0} since h x x is
defined only for nonnegative values of x. defined for nonnegative values of x.
Range = {y | y > 0} Range = {y | y > 0}
2/3 4/5
a.f ( x ) x a.f ( x ) x

2/3 3 2 2 4/5 5 4 4
(8)(8) 8 (2) 4 ( 32) ( 32) 32 ( 2) 16
ᜀ Ā Ā ᜀ Ā ᜀ Domain = Ā ᜀ Ā ᜀ

omain = Range = {y | y > 0}

ᜀ Ā Ā ᜀ Ā ᜀ Ā ᜀ Ā ᜀ
ange = {y | y > 0}

2010 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.

 18 Chapter 1: Functions

2 a. f ( x) 1x

19. a. f(x) 4 x 1 1
f (4) 4 2
2
f (0) 40 42
1
2 Domain = {x | x > 0} since f ( x) x is
b. f ( x ) 4 x 2 is defined for values of x
such that 4 x 0 . Thus, defined only for positive values of x.
2
4 x 0 Range = {y | y > 0}
2
x 4
2
x 4
–2 < x < 2
Domain = {x | –2 < x < 2}
Range = {y | 0 < y < 2}

21. a. f xx 22. a. f xx
f 252525 5 f 100 100100 10
b. f xx is defined only for values of b. f xx is defined only for values
x such that –x > 0. Thus x < 0. of x such that –x > 0. Thus x < 0.
Domain = {x | x < 0} Domain = {x | x < 0}
c. Range = {y | y > 0} c. Range = {y | y < 0}

23. 24.

25. 26.

27. 28.
 Exercises 1.3 19

29. 30.

40 x b 40 40
a. xb 40 20
20

32. a. 2a 2 1 2
2a2 12
To find the y-coordinate, evaluate f at
To find the y-coordinate, evaluate f at
x = –20.
x = 20. 2
2 f 20 20 40 20 500 100 The vertex is
20 20 40 20 500 100 The
(–20, 100).
vertex is (20, 100).
b. b.

on [15, 25] by [100, 120] on [–25, –15] by [100, 120]

b 80 80 40
a. x b ( 80) 80 40 2 a 2( 1) 2 34. a. x

2 a 2( 1) 2
To find the y-coordinate, evaluate f at To find the y-coordinate, evaluate f at
x = –40. x = 40.

2 2
( 40) (40) 80(40) 1800 200
( 40) ( 40) 80( 40) 1800 200

The vertex is (–40, –200). The vertex is (40, –200).

b. b.

on [–45, –35] by [–220, –200] on [35, 45] by [–220, –200]

2 2
35. x 6x 7 0 36. x x 20 0

x 7x 1 0 x 5 x 4 0
Equals 0 Equals 0 at Equals 0 Equals 0 at
x 5 at x 4
x 7 at x 1x
7, x 1 x 5, x 4

2 2

37. x 2 x 15 38. x 3 x 54
2 2
x 2 x 15 0 x 3 x 54 0

x 5 x 3 0 x 9 x 6 0
Equals 0 Equals 0 Equals 0 Equals 0
at x5 at x 3 at x 9 at x 6
x 5, x 3 x 9, x 6
20 Chapter 1: Functions
2 2
2 x 40 18x 2 3 x 18 15x 3
2 2
x 18
2
x 40 0 x 152 x 18 0
x 9x 20 0 x 5x 6 0
x 4 x 5 0 x 3 x 2 0
Equals 0 Equals 0 Equals 0 Equals 0
at x 4 at x 5 at x 3 at x 2
x 4, x 5 x 3, x 2
ᜀ Ā Ā ᜀ Ā ᜀ 2 Ā ᜀ
2 Ā ᜀ
2 3x 36x 0 x
x 50x 0 12 x 0
2
10x 0 x 12 0
x 10 0 Equals 0 Equals 0
Equals 0 Equals 0 at x 0 at x 12
at x 0 at x 10 x 0, x 12
x 0, x 10 2
2 3 x 2 27 0
2x 50 0 x 9 0
2
x 25 0 x 3 x 3 0
x 5 x 5 0
Equals 0 Equals 0
Equals 0 Equals 0 at x 3 at x 3
at x 5 at x 5 x 3, x 3
x 5, x 5
2 2
2 3x 6x 9 6 3x
4 x 24 x 40 2
2 6x 3 0 x
4 4 x 24 x 36 2
2 2x 1 0 (x 1)
0x 6x 9 0( 0
2 Equals 0
x 3) 0
Equals 0 at x 1
2
at x 3 3x 6 x 24
2 2
4 x 12x 8 4 3x 6 x 24 0
2 2

x 12 x 8 0 x 2x 8 0
2 x 4 x 2 0
x 3x 2 0
x 2 x 1 0 Equals 0 Equals 0
at x 4 at x 2
Equals 0 Equals 0
at x 2 at x 1 x 4, x 2
x 2, x 1 2
2x 8x 10 0
2 2
2x 12 x 20 0 x 4x 5 0
2
x 6 x 10 0 Use the quadratic formula with a = 1, b = –4,

Use the quadratic formula with a = 1, b = –6, and c = 5.

and c = 10. 2
x ( 4) ( 4) 4(1)(5)
2
x ( 6) ( 6) 4(1)(10) 2(1)
2(1) 4 1620 2

6 3640 2
44 Undefined
64 Undefined 2
2
2
2x 8x 10 0 has no real solutions.
2
2x 12 x 20 0 has no real solutions. 2
5x 20 0

2 2
3x 12 0 x 4 0
2 2
 x 4 0 4
2
4 x 4 Undefined
x 4 Undefined 2
5x 20 0 has no real solutions.
2
3x 12 0 has no real solutions.
Another random document with
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 Darwen did not answer for a minute; he watched Carstairs' face
thoughtfully, he seemed to be speculating on something. "No," he said, at
length. "He made no mistake, not a single one; for a man who can neither
read nor write he's very intelligent, but the fates were against him. Do you
believe in Fate?" Darwen had a way of digressing at critical points which
always jarred on the mathematically direct mind of Carstairs.

"Oh, hang Fate!"

"My dear chap! you can't. I say he made no mistakes. He came there to
kill, to kill me, and he'd have done it, but I happened to be awake and I
fancied I heard a noise. It was pure fancy, mind, because he was in his bare
feet, and silent as a mouse. It was so much fancy, in fact, that I lay in bed
debating with myself whether I should go down. I reasoned thus:
Everything is quite still, but it may have been a noise that woke me. I am
awake, why should I not go down? If I go down to look for burglars, I ought
to be prepared to receive them, therefore I will take a loaded revolver and
my nice new bull's-eye lantern. Do you know I felt quite a childish pleasure
in lighting up that new bull's-eye lantern."

"How do you know he came to kill you?"

"He said so."

"He said so?"

"Yes. I told him I had a pretty good idea of the plot. The Irishman had
given it away, I said."

"The Irishman? What Irishman?"

Darwen smiled. "That's precisely what I wanted to know. There are on

the electricity committee, three Irishmen, two Welshmen, four Englishmen,
and one Scotsman."

Carstairs remained silent.

"Would you like to make a guess?" Darwen asked.

 "Mr Pat Donovan."

"Right in once." Darwen's eyes sparkled. "You know a devilish lot about
machinery, but I admit I thought you were rather a fool as far as men were
concerned."

"Thanks. What's the rest of the yarn?"

"Well, let me go back a bit."

Carstairs sighed.

Darwen laughed. "When we had that unpleasant incident in the

committee the other day, I watched 'em all, carefully, as I made my points.
When Green called me a rogue and a liar, I watched 'em all. They didn't
seem to think it a very grave charge. But when I answered him, when I said,
'You've called me a rogue and a liar, Mr Green, but I think you'll find if you
carefully analyse your feelings on the matter, that it's my honesty and not
my roguery, that annoys you. I'm sorry I can't see things as you do, Mr
Green, but I'm a sportsman, and anything that appears to me unfair, or that I
can't fully grasp, I invariably expose to the daylight, and turn and twist it till
I can understand it, or till I let daylight into it. That's my method, Mr Green,
and I may assure you that it is as unalterable as the laws of the Medes and
Persians.'"

"How's that for eloquence? We used to run a sort of parliament at

school, rather good practice, you know." Darwen laughed lightly.

"Very good," Carstairs observed.

"So they all agreed, and Mr Pat Donovan (publican and bookmaker)
made a most vehement speech in support of it. But when I was making it,
and several other little points, I observed that the majority of them looked a
sort of pea-green colour. Have you ever been sea-sick?"

"Heaps of times."
 "Then you'll appreciate how they felt. They wanted to get out and walk
but they couldn't, and the way Donovan and M'Carthy rubbed it into poor
old Green was astonishing. The Irish are really a wonderful people. I
summed it up that there were two honest men in all that committee; one was
Dr Jameson at the head of the table, and the other was Mr John Brown,
navvy, at the foot of the table. I observed them with the greatest possible
interest; the study of mankind is all-enthralling. Those representatives of the
several parts of these tiny little islands were as distinct as possible; the Irish,
loud and violent; the Welshmen, quiet and sly; the Englishmen, two of them
justly indignant, and two just a trifle uneasy; the Scotsman, like an owl,
very wise. Now I'll bet if there were a public inquiry on those men, the two
Englishmen who have made perhaps £20 each, would come off worst. The
Irishmen, who have made perhaps £50 or £60 per annum, would be next.
The Welshmen, who have made about the same, would be let off lightly.
The two honest Englishmen would have a stain on their characters till their
dying day, and the Scotsman, who has probably been making a steady £500
per annum, would leave the court without a stain on his character. People
would cheer wildly in the streets, and frantic fools would rush forward to
shake him by the hand—then he'd reluctantly accept a modest salary of
£200 per week to show himself on the music-hall stage, and send a few
simple manly letters to the papers acknowledging the receipt of a large
public subscription to keep his old mother (who'd been dead years) out of
the workhouse."

Carstairs laughed. "You seem down on the Scotch. Personally I liked

them when I lived there."

"My dear chap, Scotsmen in Scotland and Scotsmen in England are two
different things. Besides, I'm not down on them a bit. The Scotch are a
supremely intellectual race, they are eminently gilt-edged. I knew that the
Scotsman would never attack me, he'd rely on other people doing that. The
Englishmen, hampered by their ingrained ideas of fair play, would have sent
anonymous letters, warning me to be careful. The Welshmen would be very
cautious. Only the Irishmen would act so promptly. This, of course, is only
the opening of the ball. I'm going to stir up this hornet's nest properly, the
place simply stinks of roguery, and I want your help. You'll stand by me,
old chap?"
 "Of course I will."

Darwen held out his hand, he looked at Carstairs with great admiration.
"You're a pure Englishman, Carstairs, and I honestly believe the
Englishman is the salt of the earth; he's a bit slow in the top story, but he's
hard and fit, and he's a pal all the time, which I think is the real keynote of
why he owns such a large section of the earth."

There was a knock at the door and the office boy entered.

"Councillor Donovan to see you, sir."

"Alright; show him in."

A tall, heavy-shouldered, large-headed man with a short nose and a

long, clean-shaven upper lip, red-haired, and with a slight squint, rushed
enthusiastically up to Darwen and shook him by the hand. "It's right pleased
I am to see ye looking so well and fit after the dastardly outrage on ye last
night, Mr Darwen."

Darwen smiled cordially, and returned his grasp warmly. "It's very kind
of you, Mr Donovan, but it's the sort of thing that's only likely to occur once
in a lifetime, thank God."

"Oh, yes, yes. Shure, an' such a thing cud niver happen again in a
civilized town like Southville. I'm just off to call a special meeting of the
police committee this minute, Mr Darwen."

"Ah! that's like you, Mr Donovan! So energetic. There's no fear of their

going to sleep while you're on the council. I'm just off to Dr Jameson
myself."

Carstairs watched them for a minute as they stood hand in hand, smiling
compliments into each other's faces, then he opened the door quietly and
went out into the engine room. He looked round on his smoothly-running,
even-turning friends; he had been wont to remark that the applied logic of a
running steam engine was the thing that appealed to him most, but now—
 "They do seem rather tame after men, somehow," he said, to himself.

CHAPTER XIII

For a month things went on quite smoothly. The police, although

spurred to strenuous efforts by the glib tongue of Pat Donovan, J.P.,
absolutely failed to discover any trace of Darwen's assailant. Something
seemed to be on the mind of Mr Donovan too, but Darwen still smiled. "I'm
taking that man into my service when he's able to get about again, he's
going to take on the job of gardener, etc."

"What will Mr Donovan say?"

"He won't know. That's what's worrying him now, he can't make out
what has become of his man. Mr Donovan will move again shortly. The
Irishman can never wait."

They were carrying out extensions at the works, adding a wing to the
engine room, and one day, a few weeks later, Carstairs and Darwen were
standing in the new part, just underneath some scaffolding where some men
were working under the roof; they were discussing an important point, but
Carstairs noticed that Darwen seemed a trifle absent-minded. He kept
looking away, up at the men working. Suddenly, without any warning, he
pulled Carstairs aside, next moment a heavy iron bar crashed down on the
concrete at their feet, just as a man's voice sang out, "Look out below."

"By George, that would have corpsed us," Carstairs said.

"Our friend above there was a little late in warning us," Darwen
observed. There was a sort of pleased light in his eye, he seemed strangely
buoyant. "He's drunk," he continued, "I've been watching him, he's a new
man, on to-day. I'll go up and tell the foreman to send him home." He
walked over to the ladder, then he stopped, and picking up the iron bar
stood it carefully upright in a bolt hole. "You might go into my office and
get those papers, will you? I'll be with you in a minute," he said over his
shoulder as he mounted the ladder.

Carstairs went away, leaving the engine room empty.

There were three or four men on the scaffold, all working with their
faces to the wall, only one man was out further than the rest. Darwen
walked along the planking, balancing easily and gracefully; the men bustled
ahead with their work as they saw him coming. He stopped at the man who
was furthest out, the man who had dropped the bar.

"My friend," Darwen asked, quietly, "have you anything to say?"

The man looked up with a piteous appeal. He was a sickly white and as
sober as a judge, he trembled in every limb.

Darwen watched him in silence for some minutes as his quivering lips
moved inarticulately. He was a tough-looking citizen with a low,
unintelligent forehead, and strong, brutal jaw; his imagination was so dull
that cruelty had to be brought very near home before his sluggish mind
began to move. A sort of instinct, apparently, seemed to warn him that he
was in danger; he seemed fascinated by Darwen's eyes, he gazed hopelessly
and fixedly into them. He made a movement to edge away.

Darwen was gripping a tie rod over his head and standing very close to
the man, who was sitting on the plank. He glanced round, no one was
looking. "Fortune favours the bold," he said. Next minute his foot shot out,
and the man was off the plank.

"Oh, Christ!" he screamed, as he fell through the air.

Darwen shouted for help and clung to his tie rod with both hands. "That
man's killed," he said. "He was drunk. He'd got no business to be on a
scaffolding in that condition. Where's the foreman?"

They went below. A little crowd gathered and looked at the man; he was
quite still, his head had struck the iron bar and his brains were scattered
over the new concrete engine bed.

Carstairs stood by in solemn silence, looking at the thing which had

been a man. "That's the chap that dropped the bar, isn't it?" he asked, at
length.

"Yes!" Darwen answered. "He was helplessly drunk. Where's the

foreman?" he looked round.

"Here, sir."

"Why did you allow that man to go up there when you saw he was
drunk?" Darwen was very stern, his eyes seemed to look through the man.

"I didn't notice that he was drunk, sir."

"Didn't notice! What do you mean? That's your job, isn't it?"

"Well, sir——"

"That'll do! How long has he been with you?"

"Only this morning, sir. He came down with a note from Councillor
Donovan asking to give him a start."

"Ah! well, I suppose you can't be responsible for every strapper that you
have to put on."

"No, sir."

Two of his mates reverently covered the remains with an engine cloth,
and Darwen and Carstairs went away together. Carstairs was very
thoughtful.

"Did you hear what he said?" Darwen asked, when they reached his
office.

"Yes, Councillor Donovan."

 "Exactly. He seems unfortunate in the choice of his tools."

"You were up by him when he fell, weren't you?"

"Quite close, but, of course, I hadn't a chance to save him."

"No, of course. It's a very awkward job."

"Very. I say old chap, come on home and spend the evening with me,
will you? The girl's away, and I know the mater will be pleased to see you."

"Thanks. I—er——"

"Come on, old chap, you've got nothing to do, I know."

"Well, I have really got a lot to do, but still—it will keep."

As they went out together, a girl passed them.

"That's rather a nice-looking girl," Darwen remarked.

"Ye-es; I didn't notice her very particularly."

"Dash it, Carstairs, it's time you did. Why don't you get engaged, give
you something to do in your evenings."

"My dear chap——"

"Yes, I know, there's that girl over at your place. She struck me as being
a particularly nice girl."

"You mean Bessie Bevengton. She is jolly decent—but——"

"There is some one else?"

"Exactly."

"But you can't marry her."

 "I don't know."

"What! Don't be an ass!" Darwen turned and gazed at him in

amazement.

"You see she appeals to me in so many ways."

"How? She's handsome, that's all!"

"That's only the beginning, she's so very fit, and so full of pluck. You
see, if I have any kids I want 'em to be sportsmen, to play rugger and that
sort of thing."

Darwen laughed aloud. "How old are you, Carstairs?"

"Twenty-three."

"I thought you were fifty."

"Alright, but you've got a lot to thank your mater for."

"By Jove, you're right!" Darwen was very thoughtful for some minutes.
"Yes," he said at length. "I keep myself fit because the mater brought me up
that way, and fitness means so much."

"To a station man it usually means all the difference between success
and failure; you remember how that shock I got upset me, for some time
Thompson thought I was no good." Carstairs was thinking that if it had not
been for that shock their positions at that moment might have been
reversed.

"That is so, particularly if he's got a crowd like Donovan and Co. to deal
with. Do you know, honestly I never in all my life experienced such a thrill
of exquisite pleasure as when I exchanged pistol shots with that poor devil
on the stairs that night; that's fitness, you know, simply fitness. I'm in the
pink of condition." His eyes sparkled like living jewels.

Carstairs looked at him with open admiration. "You are fit," he said.
 They were passing St James' gymnasium, a sudden idea seemed to seize
Darwen.

"Come on in," he said, "and let's have a turn with the gloves. I've never
had a turn with you."

"Alright," Carstairs answered.

So they went inside. The place was empty, so they had it to themselves;
they changed and donned boxing gloves. They looked a superb pair of men
as they stood up facing each other, in long flannel trousers and singlets;
Carstairs was a trifle shorter and a trifle heavier; neither of them was an
inch under six feet. For half an hour they boxed, hitting fast and furious,
and although Carstairs was as quick as a panther, Darwen was quicker, and
had distinctly the best of the bout.

"By Jove, old chap! You do put 'em in," he observed, as Carstairs landed
a heavy right hander.

"Yours are fairly hefty, too," Carstairs answered, as Darwen knocked

him against the wall.

Then they had a cold shower, dressed, and went back to Darwen's home,
feeling at peace with all the world, forgetting Councillor Donovan and the
dead man in the engine-room and all other troubles.

Darwen let himself in and took Carstairs into the drawing-room. "Sit
down in that big chair, old chap, and I'll play you a tune. The mater'll soon
come in when she hears the music."

Carstairs threw himself back in the deep padded chair with a sigh of
content. "I envy not in any mood," he started and stopped. "Where's that
from, Darwen?"

"Tennyson's 'In Memoriam.'" Darwen was turning over some music

folios.
 "Yes, that's it. I remember. I picked it up one day in the digs and that
caught my eye. It goes on to say something else about noble rage and
linnets, or something, but what I 'envy not' is the man who's never been
tired."

"I agree with you. Being tired, with the pleasant contemplation of work
well done and sitting in a comfortable chair, is heaven."

"Precisely. And you never get tired, really, pleasantly tired, unless
you're fit. The man who's not fit, doesn't appreciate comfort or discomfort,
he's only half alive."

"That is so. I think this is your favourite." Darwen commenced to play,

lightly and slowly.

"That's that nocturne business, isn't it?"

"One of them. There's a book full."

"Well, they're jolly good." He lay far back in the chair and spread his
legs wide in front of him, his thoughts wandered pleasantly under the slow
stimulation of the music. Darwen himself seemed to revel in it too, they
were silent for some time; when the door opened and Mrs Darwen came in.
Carstairs, sitting motionless in the chair, turned his head at the sound, and
then suddenly sprang up.

"Ah! why did you do that? I wouldn't have disturbed you for worlds."
She held out her hand. "How are you?"

"First class, thanks."

"I could see that from the way you were sitting, men only sit quite still
like that when they've had a good day at something. When Charlie used to
come home—why, what have you been doing?" she looked closely at one of
his eyes.

Carstairs rubbed it thoughtfully. "I don't think it'll get black," he said.
 "He's knocked my mouth all side ways, too, mater!" Darwen said over
his shoulder.

Mrs Darwen laughed. "What would the councillors think if they saw
you two knocking each other about like that?"

"The councillors, dear mater, are beneath contempt. Let's talk about
something pleasant. I've been urging Carstairs to get married."

"Who to?"

"Oh, anybody."

"Is he in love?"

"That's just it, he thinks he is."

"Well, you marry the girl you're in love with, Mr Carstairs, and don't
take any notice of anybody."

"But she's impossible, mater."

"What do you mean by impossible? I don't believe in impossibility. If

you're in love with the girl and she's in love with you, marry her, Mr
Carstairs, and snap your fingers at everybody. It's better for you and for the
girl and for everybody concerned. I hate those busy bodies who talk about
'impossible marriages.'" She seemed strangely excited.

Carstairs looked steadily into her excited, inflamed eyes. "I agree with
you entirely, Mrs Darwen. The girl I'm in love with is a gipsy. She's a
servant in a big house near my home."

"A servant?" Mrs Darwen seemed in doubt for a moment. Then the look
of resolution again hardened in her eyes. "It doesn't matter what she is. Are
you really in love?"

"I was."
 "Ah! I see you're not. Once in love, always in love. Very few people
really fall in love. They haven't got it in them. It's a matter of pluck. You've
got it in you. When you're in love, you'll know it, and so will the girl, or I'm
very much mistaken." She looked at Carstairs' steady eyes and firm mouth
with a sort of motherly admiration.

"I was nineteen then, and I met her quite by accident."

"One always does," she interposed.

"I have not seen her since, except once, through the window, and—well,
it was very bad indeed for some time after that."

She laughed. "That's it. That's it." she said. "How long ago was that?"

"About two years."

"And you still think of her?"

"Well—occasionally."

"Ah, Mr Carstairs, you're badly hit." She leaned towards him in an

affectionate, motherly manner. "You're badly hit," she grew pensive all of a
sudden. "It may be good, or it may be bad. 'Tis a Providence, I suppose.
You know you're very selfish, Mr Carstairs."

"Me? Mrs Darwen!" Carstairs was amazed.

"You needn't be so surprised, it's a universal masculine attribute. Charlie

can explain it, he understands it."

"Result of heredity, relic of the chimpanzee," Darwen remarked

casually.

"What is she like? Handsome?" Mrs Darwen asked.

"Very; and full of pluck."

 "Full of pluck! Ah!" she gave a deep sigh. "They feel it most, always."
She seemed very sad all of a sudden. "What's that bit of poetry, Charlie,
about the strongest and the wisest, you know."

"Is it true, O Christ in Heaven, that the wisest suffer most,

That the strongest wander farthest, and most hopelessly are lost."

"That's it. You're very strong, Mr Carstairs. Brutal almost, and wise."

"I should like to be, but I'm afraid I'm rather weak and silly at times."

She gazed at him steadily with a puzzled air. "You're different," she
said, "you're not like the men of my generation. Are you a horseman?"

"No, I'm an engineer."

"That's the difference, I expect. It's a new type to me."

Darwen swung round on his music stool. "It's a new type to the world,
mater; a sort of thinking machine, getting the human emotions thoroughly
under control; the horseman was a sort of embryo engineer, he utilised the
forces of nature according to his lights, but he was essentially a passionate
man, he opposed his will to the brute's will. The engineer has to do with
inanimate lumps of metal, and it's no use hitting them. Have you ever
observed, Carstairs, the old type of fitter let go with his hammer at a job
that's baffling him, the younger generation is much less so, he thinks.
Nowadays every one is becoming more or less of an engineer, and it's good,
it makes necessary a higher standard of intelligence, of self-reliance, and
self-control. The nation of the future is the nation with the best engineers."

"It seems to me," Mrs Darwen remarked, "that you are substituting a
coldly brutal type for a passionately brutal type. Men are very much nearer
animals than women."

"The engineer has also to deal with men as well as engines, which has a
humanizing effect on him, Mrs Darwen," Carstairs said.
 "Yes! Fortunately Providence has provided a safety valve for his pent up
emotions; you can't possibly imagine the intense mental relief of growling
at a stoker because the steam's low, when it's not really the man's fault at
all."

Carstairs laughed. "I rather like stokers myself, they're a rough and
ready crowd, they'd knock you down for the price of a drink. And the
language—Shakespeare isn't in it."

"They do swear, but if you think a minute you'll admit that the average
stoker isn't in it with the average engineer; it's the same as everything else,
it takes brains and feelings to swear well."

"I wonder if women will ever be engineers."

"My dear mater! Women are the finest engineers in the world now, they
engineer us poor men, first to the altar, then to the graveyard or to the work-
house. Men run engines, business, etc., women run men. The world is run
by women, not by men. I remember talking to a stoker once about
matrimony. 'It's alright for a change,' he said, 'but it ain't no use permanent.'
I suggested that a little kindness might improve matters. ''Taint no use,' he
said. I then ventured the opinion that to go home drunk and break up the
furniture, sometimes has a conciliatory effect. ''Taint no use,' he repeated
again. 'Stop supplies for a bit,' I suggested. ''Taint no use,' he repeated.
'Well, clear out.' ''Taint no use,' he answered. 'I've stayed home and helped
'em in the house, I've give 'em all my pay. I've come home drunk and broke
things, I've chucked boiling water over 'em, and beat 'em with the poker, but
''tain't no use,' he shook his head with infinite sadness, 'you always gets
had,' he said. He was a thoughtful, intelligent sort of man, and he'd had
three wives, so he ought to know."

Mrs Darwen laughed. "He was a thorough sort of man, anyway, and
women like a thorough man."

"So do men, Mrs Darwen. Personally my daily prayer is to be preserved

from the wishy-washy fool who does what he's told in unquestioning
obedience."
 "Listen to the Saxon expounding his creed, mater. 'Oh God, give me
some one to have a row with.'"

Carstairs smiled. "If you'd lived in Scotland you'd know that the first
thing the Scotch working man does is to flatly contradict you to your face;
then he argues the point, if you let him. The Scotchman is naturally
mathematical, he is not willing to accept your word that you're the boss, he
wants proof. I like the Scotch."

"They offer unlimited possibilities of a row."

"I don't like rows; I like to appeal to a man's reason."

Darwen drove one fist with a bang into the palm of his other hand. "The
logic of the Englishman," he said.

"It seems to me that's the bed rock of all logic. I think that it was you
who told me that Herbert Spencer and Ruskin both arrived at the same
conclusion."

"Perhaps I did; I forget. But anyway, all of you people make the mistake
of dividing people into types, classes and creeds. 'Nature recognizes neither
kingdoms nor classes, no orders, no genera, no sub-genera, nature
recognizes nothing but individuals.' That's Lamarck."

"Is it? Well, I hope he won't do it again, because he upsets all your
elaborate theories about Saxons, Celts, and so on."

"Not at all; he doesn't say that they don't run in types, that large classes
and races of men are not as like as two peas in almost all respects, he
simply says that nature makes no effort to preserve them as they are, or,
because of their numbers, to save them from annihilation. A whole class, a
whole creed, or a whole race may exist simply for the benefit, and to assist
in the development of, one individual, and when he ceases to have need of
them, puff! they are wiped out."

"A creed formerly known as Kingcraft, I think."

 "Exactly. 'The King can do no wrong' simply means that if he does
wrong, he ceases to be a king, and the only proof that he has done wrong is
the fact that he has failed to keep his crown. That is the teaching of old
Nick, and personally I expand the theorem to embrace all humanity, every
man should be a little king unto himself. That is to say, he must use his
brains and control his passions."

Mrs Darwen sighed. "The inward passions are sometimes the voice of
God, and sometimes the voice of the Devil," she said.

"There you are! and how are you to distinguish? Tennyson tells us that
'doubt is devil-born,' and certainly constant doubt and hesitation play the
devil with a man's mind and body. My theory is 'never analyse an impulse.
Act on it with the best conjunction of your reason.' Here's old Carstairs,
analysing, theorizing, vacillating, hesitating as to whether he's in love or
not."

Mrs Darwen stood up. "It's hard to say which is best," she said. "You're
like, and yet very unlike, your father, Charlie." She went over to a small
table and picked up a large album. "Have you ever seen Charlie's father, Mr
Carstairs?"

"No, I don't think I have." He took the volume on his knees, and she
leaned over his shoulder as he turned the pages.

Darwen swung round again on his stool and played low, soft music on
the piano.

"There! That's me when I was a girl," she said, arresting Carstairs' hand.

He looked closely and intently at a full length portrait of a remarkably

handsome and well built girl, dressed in a riding habit, sitting on a saddle.
The features were clear-cut and regular, nothing harsh and nothing coarse;
the mouth was firm, and the eyes bold and defiant. It seemed the portrait of
a happy, rollicking tom-boy. The resemblance to the woman at his side
seemed rather faint.

"You were beautiful," he said, "that's the type I admire."

 "Ah! well, perhaps not a beauty, but I was usually considered good
looking."

On the opposite page was a tall man, handsome, big-nosed, but he

seemed deficient in chin.

Carstairs looked at him closely for some time. "He's handsome too. Not
very much like Charlie, and yet—the face seems familiar. I seem somehow
to have met that man, sort of family resemblance to Charlie, I suppose. You
cannot say that any individual feature is like, and yet—you know. Was he
musical?"

"Oh very. He had a music degree, at Oxford, you know."

"Had he really? A sort of brilliant, all round man, like Charlie."

Suddenly the little gong sounded outside in the hall, and Mrs Darwen
stood up. "There's dinner. Let's go in," she moved out, and they followed.

Darwen sat down opposite Carstairs, he caught hold of his chin with
both hands. "Old Carstairs gave me such a whack on the jaw that I'm afraid
he's jammed the hinges, mater. I hope you've got something nice and not
tough. How's the new maid? Hullo!"

Carstairs had half risen from his chair and stood staring like a man
transfixed. Following the direction of his gaze, Darwen's eyes rested for the
first time on his mother's new maid who was bringing in the dinner. She
was tall and beautifully proportioned, every movement showed a lissome
supple grace, and the features were equal to anything he had ever seen
carved in marble; the jet black hair and deep brown eyes gave him the clue.
This was Carstairs' gipsy maid.

Her face was the colour of a boiled beet as she bent down and placed a
dish in front of Mrs Darwen.

Carstairs watched her for a minute with a sort of amazed frown. Her
colour faded to the normal again, and as she raised her head she looked into
his eyes for a second without a vestige of recognition.
 Darwen observed them both, his eyes were supernaturally bright.

Carstairs subsided into his chair and bent over his soup.

Mrs Darwen glanced from one to the other and glanced at the maid.
Then she smiled.

The conversation went on in spasmodic jerks till the maid left the room.

"Don't you think I've got a nice-looking maid, Mr Carstairs?"

"I do. In fact she's the girl I was telling you about."

"I thought so, the fates arrange these things. She's lovely; I thought
when I was engaging her that it was a good job Charlie was shortly going to
get married."

"You're mistaken, mater. Charlie is not shortly going to get married."

"Not! What do you mean?"

"It's broken off."

"You haven't jilted her, Charlie?"

"No, dear mater, she's jilted me."

"Nonsense."

"Well, she broke it off. You see—you remember that girl at the
diggings, Carstairs, I used to give her a few music lessons and that sort of
thing. Well, she got hold of Isabel and told her all about it; of course I
couldn't deny it. It seemed to me she took a very narrow-minded view of it.
So we broke off the engagement. Anyway, I could never have run smoothly
with her, besides, the old Doctor's too much of an autocrat."

"Oh! but you could have pacified her surely, she'll forget that."
 "I'm afraid not, mater. The more we talked, the further apart we seemed
to get. I said I was sorry and all that, but this has been coming on for some
time. We haven't been hitting it at all well for months past."

Mrs Darwen and Carstairs were silent.

"As a matter of fact," Darwen proceeded, "I'm getting sick of this place
and all the people in it, I want a change. Your people were good enough to
ask me to come and see them whenever I liked. Do you think they could put
me up next week-end, Carstairs? I like having a chat with your guv'nor. I
must admit I'm rather sick over this business—disappointed, you know. I
had built up an idol—you don't understand these things, Carstairs. If I
stopped to think now I should feel suicidal."

"Don't talk nonsense, my boy. Can't you and Mr Carstairs go away for
the week end?"

"Not together, mater, we mustn't both leave the works. If Carstairs'

people could do with me for the week end——"

"I can understand these things better than you think, Darwen. The
people will be very pleased to see you, I know." Carstairs was very sober.
"The feminine mind is incomprehensible."

Mrs Darwen leaned over towards him. "I'll help you, Mr Carstairs.
Come and spend Sunday with me when Charlie's away. Perhaps if I called
on Isabel, Charlie—

"You can't restore a shattered idol, mater. It's my fault, I know, but a
fellow expects——"

"Everything," Mrs Darwen said sadly, "and some women give it, ah!
yes, some women give it."