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C A N A D A A ND IN T ERN AT ION A L A FFA IRS
Canadian
Defence Policy
in Theory
and Practice
Edited by
Thomas Juneau
Philippe Lagassé
Srdjan Vucetic
Canada and International Affairs
Series Editors
David Carment
NPSIA
Carleton University
Ottawa, ON, Canada
Philippe Lagassé
NPSIA
Carleton University
Ottawa, ON, Canada
Meredith Lilly
NPSIA
Carleton University
Ottawa, ON, Canada
Palgrave’s Canada and International Affairs is a timely and rigorous
series for showcasing scholarship by Canadian scholars of international
affairs and foreign scholars who study Canada’s place in the world. The
series will be of interest to students and academics studying and teaching
Canadian foreign, security, development and economic policy. By focus-
ing on policy matters, the series will be of use to policy makers in the
public and private sectors who want access to rigorous, timely, informed
and independent analysis. As the anchor, Canada Among Nations is the
series’ most recognisable annual contribution. In addition, the series
showcases work by scholars from Canadian universities featuring struc-
tured analyses of Canadian foreign policy and international affairs. The
series also features work by international scholars and practitioners work-
ing in key thematic areas that provides an international context against
which Canada’s performance can be compared and understood.
Canadian Defence
Policy in Theory
and Practice
Editors
Thomas Juneau Philippe Lagassé
Graduate School of Public Norman Paterson School
and International Affairs of International Affairs
University of Ottawa Carleton University
Ottawa, ON, Canada Ottawa, ON, Canada
Srdjan Vucetic
Graduate School of Public
and International Affairs
University of Ottawa
Ottawa, ON, Canada
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer
Nature Switzerland AG 2020
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the
Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights
of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction
on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and
retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are
exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and
information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication.
Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied,
with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have
been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published
maps and institutional affiliations.
This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature
Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface and Acknowledgements
The three of us first floated the idea for this book at the International
Studies Association-Canada Annual Joint Conference with the Canadian
Political Science Association in June 2015 at the University of Ottawa.
A small audience of academics and practitioners from the nearby
Department of National Defence was enthusiastic and, recognizing the
need for such a volume, gave us valuable advice (we are notably grateful
to Kim Richard Nossal and Stéphane Roussel, and to the three DND
officials). On this basis, we proceeded to recruit our authors.
We then met them in a workshop in December 2017, also at the
University of Ottawa, to go over drafts and outlines of their prospective
chapters and receive comments from us, the other authors, and discus-
sants (Ward Elcock, Michel Gauthier, Peggy Mason, Lindsay Rodman,
Mathieu Landriault, and Tom Ring). This event was co-funded by DND’s
Defence Engagement Program, the Centre for International Policy
Studies at the University of Ottawa, and the Barton Chair in International
Affairs at the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton
University. We remain thoroughly grateful for this support.
Jaskaran Lamba is owed a great deal for her assistance in organiz-
ing the workshop and her skilful formatting of the chapters. Joseph Le
Bane and Raji Gandhi were also instrumental in preparing the manu-
script for publication. We also thank Anca Pusca and Katelyn Zingg from
Palgrave’s Canada and the International Affairs series for their indispen-
sable support and assistance for this project. Our final expression of our
v
vi PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
gratitude goes to the contributors without whom this book would not
exist.
1 Introduction 1
Thomas Juneau, Philippe Lagassé and Srdjan Vucetic
vii
viii CONTENTS
Index 417
List of Contributors
xi
xii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Fig. 5.1 All data is cash based. Historical data prior to 1970 is from
Craig Stone, ed. The Public Management of Defence in
Canada (Toronto: Breakout Educational Network, 2009).
Historical data from 1970 on it is from the Public Accounts
of Canada, Volume II. Data for Strong, Secure, Engaged
was provided to the author 67
Fig. 5.2 All data is cash based, and is budget year (nominal).
Historical data is from the Public Accounts of Canada,
Volume II. Data for Strong, Secure, Engaged was provided
to the author. The Capital funds un-allocated were
calculated by the author using projected data from Strong,
Secure, Engaged and subtracting the allocations denoted
in Fig. 5.1 for 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 75
Fig. 5.3 All spending data is cash based and was deflated using
DND’s Defence Economic Model by the author. Historical
data is from the Public Accounts, Volume II and Strong,
Secure, Engaged, projection data is from Strong, Secure,
Engaged and was provided to the author 76
Fig. 9.1 The Fiscal Constraints (Source Panel 1 Statistics Canada
Population Projections for Canada, Provinces
and Territories [91-520-X]. Panel 2 Centre for Studies
in Living Standards http://www.csls.ca/data.asp
downloaded 7 November 2017. Panel 3 Statistics
Canada CANSIM table 385-0010 and authors’ calculation) 140
xv
xvi LIST OF FIGURES
xvii
List of Boxes
xix
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
That is the gap that this book sets out to fill: to provide an up-to-date,
comprehensive overview of the main issues defining and shaping Canada’s
defence policy today and in the first decades of the twenty-first century.