CONDITIONALS-GRADE 8-OCT -2022

THEORY

Type 1: Real conditional sentences (câu điều kiện có thật)

Situation If Clause Main Clause

1. Future possible (có thể xảy If + S + V(simple present) S + will/can/may/must + V
ra ở tương lai) Ex: If I have the money, I will be a new car.
2. Habitual (thói quen) If + S + V (simple present) S + V(simple present)
Ex: If Ann has enough time, she usually walks to school
3. Command (câu mệnh lệnh, If + S + V (simple present) Command form
yêu cầu) Ex : If you hear from Bill, please call me
If + S + should + V = happen + to V, Command form
Eg if you happen to meet her, please tell her to phone me

MLT + OR + S+ WILL + V
Eg Keep silent or the baby will wake up
- If you don’t keep silent, the baby will wake up
- Unless you keep silent, the baby will wake up
- If you keep silent, the baby won’t wake up

Type 2: Present unreal conditional sentences (câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại)

If Clause Main Clause

If + S + Vsimple past (be were) S + would/could/ might/ had to + V

Ex: I don’t have free time, so we can’t go to the beach with you
 If I had time, I would go to the beach with you
- Without / but for + N phrase, S + would/could/ might/ had to + V
- If it weren’t for + N phrase,
- Eg Without the air, life on earth would not exist

Type 3: Past unreal conditional sentences (câu điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ)

If Clause Main Clause

If + S + V(past perfect) S + would/could/might + have + P.P (V3/ed)

Ex: I didn’t know that you were there, so I didn’t write you a letter.
 If I had known that you were there, I would have written you a letter.
- Without / but for + N phrase, S + would/could/might + have + P.P (V3/ed)
- If it hadn’t been for N phrase,
- Eg If it hadn’t been for/ without your help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam.

 Note:
 Có thể dùng phép đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại 1 và loại 2 nếu trong câu có were, had, should. Khi
đó If hay Unless trong câu sẽ được bỏ.
Ex : If Ann had found the right buyer, she would have sold the house.
 Had Ann found the right buyer, she would have sold the house.
 Mệnh đề điều kiện có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính.
Ex: You could make better progress if you attended class regularly.
 Unless = If …not
Ex: If you don’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.
= Unless you work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.
 Without + N = There …no + N
Ex: Without water, life wouldn’t exist
= If there were no water, life wouldn’t exist.
 Command (mệnh lệnh) + or + Clause : dùng If loại 1
Ex: Go away or I will call the police.
→ If you don’t go away, I will call the police.

 Câu điều kiện kết hợp loại 2 và loại 3 (Thường có trạng từ đi theo, nếu không phải dịch theo ngữ cảnh
trước sau của sự việc)
Ex: 1. If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be so tired now.
2. You wouldn’t be so hungry if you had had breakfast this morning
 Trong trường hợp này, mệnh đề If chia động từ ở loại 3, mệnh đề chính chia động từ ở loại 2
INVERTED FORM
- Type 1: Should + S+ V, S+ Will +V/ command form
- Eg Should you meet her, tell her to contact me
- Type 2: Were + S + to V, S + would + V
- Were it not for….. ,…….
- Eg Were I to be given the first prize, I would be happy
- Type 3: Had + S+ Pp, S+ would + have + pp
- Eg Had he not come and helped me, I would have been stuck in the flood.
- Had it not been for, ….
- Mixed form Had + S+ Pp, S+ would+ V

PRACTICE EXERCISES
I. Use the correct form of the verbs

1. (First conditional) If we ______don’t work____ (not / work) harder, we ______will not pass _______
(not pass) the exam.
2. (Third conditional) If the students _______hadn’t been________ (not be) late for the exam, they
____would / could have passed ______________ (pass).
3. (Third conditional) If the weather __________hadn’t been ________ (not be) so cold, we _____would/
could have gone ___ (go) to the beach.
4. (Second conditional) If she _____had _____ (have) her laptop with her, she ______would
email_________ (email) me.
5. (First conditional) If she ____doen’t go ______________ (not go) to the meeting, I ____won’t go _____
(not go) either.
6. (Third conditional) If the baby ___had slept _______ (sleep) better last night, I _____wouldn’t have
been __ (not be) so tired.
7. (First conditional) If the teacher _____gives ______ (give) us lots of homework this weekend, I
____won’t be _________ (not be) happy.
8. (Second conditional) If Lucy _____had ______ (have) enough time, she ____would/could/ travel _____
(travel) more.
9. (First conditional) If the children _____don’t eat ____ (not eat) soon, they ___will be __ (be) grumpy.
10. (First conditional) If I ___don’t go _____ (not go) to bed soon, I ____will be ____ (be) tired in the
morning.
11. (Second conditional) If I __wanted ______ (want) a new car, I ____would / could buy ____ (buy) one.
12. (Second conditional) If José ______didn’t speak ____ (not speak) good French, he ____wouldn’t move
___ (not move) to Paris.
13. (First conditional) If John ___drinks ______ (drink) too much coffee, he ____will get ______ (get) ill.
14. (Third conditional) If we ___had tidied ______ (tidy) our flat, we ___wouldn’t have lost______ (not
lose) our keys.
15. (Third conditional) If Luke _____hadn’t sent ______ (not send) flowers to his mother, she
___wouldn’t have been _____ (not be) happy.
 II. Use the correct form of the verbs
1) If I were you, I …………would … invite ….( invite) Jack to the party.
2) She would get 100 pounds if she …sold ……………..(sell) this old shelf.
3) If they had enough money, they………would / could buy ……..( buy) a new car.
4) If it……rains………………(rain), I will stay at home.
5) If the weather……is …….(be) fine, the children can walk to school.
6) We……would/ could pass……….( pass) the exam if we studied harder.
7) If Pat……repaired…………..( repair) his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with us.
8) Walter…will help …….( help) his mother in the garden if she reads him a story this evening.
9) If you come with me, I ……will do …….( do) the shopping with you.
10) Our teacher will be happy if we ………learn ……(learn) the poem by heart.
11) If we meet at 9:30, we………will have …….(have) plenty of time.

12) Lisa would find the milk if she……looked …….( look) in the fridge.
13) The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she………had fed …..(feed) the
animals.
14) If you spoke louder, your classmates………would understand…………(understand)
you.
15) Dan……would arrive ……..(arrive) safe if he drove slowly.
16) You…………would have had ………..(have) no trouble at school if you had done your
homework.
17) If you……swim ………( swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold.

18) The door will unlock if you……press …….( press) the green button.

19) If Mel……had asked……….(ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions.

20) I…would call……(call) the office if I were you

III. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:

1. If I (know)… ………HAD KNOWN …. that you were ill, I (go)… WOULD HAVE GONE…… to
see you.
2. If she'd had enough money, She (buy) ……WOULD HAVE BOUGHT …………………… a car.
3. I (buy) ……WILL BUY ……….. a car If you lend me some money.
4. I (see) …………WOULD HAVE SEEN ………………… him if I (go) …HAD GONE………. to the
party last night.
5. We could have gone out if the weather (not be)……HADN’T BEEN ……………… so bad.
6. If the book (not be )……IS NOT …………… expensive, I'll buy it.
7. You would be very surprised if he (return)………RETURNED………………………
8. I'll go out if it (not rain)………DOESN’T RAIN ……………………….
9. They wouldn't come to the party if you (not invite) …DIDN’T INVITE …………………..them
10. What ………WOULD ……………… you (do) ……DO …. if you (be) ………WERE ….. him?
11. If that hat costs much, I (buy) …WILL BUY ………………. a small one.
12. If you (drive) …HAD DRIVEN ……...more carefully, you (have) …WOULD NOT HAVE HAD……
so many accidents.
13. If I (make) …MADE ……….. that mistake again, my teacher (get) ……WOULD GET
………………… angry with me.
14. If I spoke English, my job (be) …………WOULD BE ………………….. a lot easier.
15. If he (go) ………HAD GONE ……….. to London yesterday, he ( meet) ……WOULD HAVE MET
………. his old friend.
16. I will lend them some money if they (ask) ……ASK ………….. me.
17. If we had known who he was, we (invite) …WOULD HAVE INVITED…. him to speak at our
meeting.
18. My dog (bark) ……WILL BARK/ BARKS…… if it (hear) ……HEARS ……….. any strange sound.
19. If I (have) ………HAD………….. enough money, I would buy a house.
20. They (not/let) ……WON’T LET ……………………… you in if you (come) ….. COME….. late.
21. If you (not go) …DON’T GO ……….. away, I (send) …WILL SEND ………… for a policeman.
22. If I (be) ……WERE ………… in your place, I (accept) ……WOULD ACCEPT ……………… Mr.
Anderson’s invitation.
23. If I (win) ……WON …. a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job.
24. If I (be) ……WERE ………….. you, I (tell) ……WOULD ……TELL …… the truth.
25. I was busy. If I (have) ……HAD HAD ………..free time. I (go) ………WOULD HAVE GONE …….
to the cinema with you.
26. Why didn’t you attend the meeting?
Oh, I did not know. If I (know)………HAD KNOWN …… I (come) ……WOULD HAVE COME
……..there.
27. What ……… WILL ……….we (do)…………DO …………… if they do not come tomorrow?
28. If I had enough time now, I (write) ……WOULD WRITE …………………………. to my parents.
29. It’s too bad Helen isn’t here. If she (be) … WERE …….. here, she (know) ……WOULD KNOW
……………..what to do.
30. If I (eat) ……… don’t EAT ……… breakfast tomorrow morning, I (get) …WILL GET ……….
hungry during class.
31. If she (come) ……COMES …….. late again, she (lose) ……WILL LOSE ………………her job.
32. I (let) ………WILL LET ……………. you know if I (find) ………FIND ………………. out what’s
happening.
33. If we (live) …………LIVED ……………………. in a town, life would be better.
34. I’m sure he wouldn’t mind if we (arrive) ……ARRIVED………………………. early.
35. We (phone) ……WILL PHONE ………………. you if we have time.
36. If I won the lottery, I (give) …… WOULD GIVE …………………………. you half the money.
37. It (be) ……WOULD BE ……………….. a pity if she married Fred
38. If I’m free on Saturday, I (go) …WILL GO ……………………….. to the mountains.
39. She (have) ……WILL HAVE ………….. a nervous breakdown if she goes on like this.
40. I know I (feel) WOULD FEEL better if I (stop) ………STOPPED …………… smoking.
41. If I (be) ………WERE …………… you, I (help) …………WOULD HELP ……………… him.
42. I (understand)… ……WOULD UNDERSTAND ….. him if he (speak) …SPOKE ….. more slowly.
43. He didn’t listen to the teacher. If he (listen) ………HAD LISTENED……….. carefully, he (perform)
…WOULD HAVE PERFORMED ………………… well in the examination
44. He’s waiting for his mother to come back from Chicago. If his mother (come) …COMES …. home, he
(have) ………WILL HAVE ……………………………. a lot of presents.
45. He wanted to buy some Christmas presents but he couldn’t. If he (afford) ……HAD AFFORDED
……………………….. to buy, his children (be) ……WOULD HAVE BEEN ……………………….
very happy to greet a new year.
46. The kitchen will look better if we (have) ………HAVE ………………………….. red curtains.
47. If I knew his address, I (go) ……WOULD GO………………….. round and see him.
48. If you (not be) ………WERE NOT …. so busy, I (show) ………WOULD SHOW… you how to play.
49. It (be) ……………………WOULD BE …………… quicker if you (use) USED a computer.
50. If we (have) …………HAD ….. some eggs, I (make) ………WOULD MAKE ………… you a cake.
IV. Inverted form
EXERCISE 1
1. (the books/be) … HAD THE BOOKS BEEN…. cheaper , I would have bought them all.
2. (the Prime Minister/fail) …WERE Prime Minister TO fail ….. to get the necessary support, he would
be forced to call a snap election.
3. (the evidence/not be destroyed) HAD the evidence not BEEN destroyed …., the accused would have
been found guilty.
4. (you/need) SHOULD YOU NEED ……. any further assistance, do not hesitate to contact us.
5. (the ship/ not capsize) … HAD THE SHIP NOT BEEN CAPSIZED ……., there would have been more
survivors.
6. (I/win) …WERE I TO WIN ….. the prize, I wouldn't spend it on things I don't need.
7. (the storm/be) HAD THE STORM BEEN ………… at night, the rescue team wouldn't have found the
lost boy scouts.
8. (he/decide) …SHOULD HE DECIDE ……… to come, please let me know as soon as possible.
9. (I/ be offered) …WERE I TO BE OFFERED ………….. the job, I would have to think about it.
10. (you/have) …SHOULD YOU HAVE ………. any further questions, please ask to see the manager.
EXERCISE 2 . Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD.
1. If the Government were forced into another election, it would be the favourite to win.
……SHOULD the Government BE forced into another election ,………………………………
2. If you should wish to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is available between 9.00 and 11.00.
……SHOULD you wish to make an appointment to see Dr Simons ,…………………
3. If you should have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.
……SHOULD you have further problems with your printer ,……………………………
4. If you should decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April.
… SHOULD YOU decide to accept the post ……………………………………………………………
5. If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately.
…… SHOULD WE hear any further news …………………………………………………
6. If you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form.
…… SHOULD YOU wish to take advantage of the offer …………………..
7. If the film should be a post office success, they may be sequel.
…… SHOULD the film be a post office success ,………………………
8. If you should change your mind, there will always be a job for you here.
…… SHOULD you change your mind , ………………………………………………
EXERCISE 3 . Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with WERE OR HAD
1. If the chemical were to leak, a large area of the sea would be contaminated.
…WERE THE CHEMICAL to leak , a large area of the sea would be contaminated …
2. If Germany were to beat Romania, they would face Italy in the final.
…WERE Germany to beat Romania, they would face Italy in the final …………………
3. If Mr Morgan were still head master, he would not permit such bad behavior.
…WERE Mr Morgan still head master, he would not permit such bad behavior …………………
4. If you had given it on time, you would have got a high mark.
HAD you given it on time, you would have got a high mark
5. If she had become a lawyer, as her parents wished, she would have earn a large salary.
HAD she become a lawyer, as her parents wished, she would have earn a large salary
6. If anything had gone wrong with my plan, I would have held responsibility.
HAD anything gone wrong with my plan, I would have held responsibility
7.If it hadn’t been for Henry, I might not have met you.
HAD IT NOT BEEN for Henry, I might not have met you.
8. If only they had confirmed by phone, the airline could have warned them.
HAD THEY confirmed by phone, the airline could have warned them
9. The coast guards could have saved the vessels if they had been notified.
HAD THEY been notified, The coast guards could have saved the vessels
10. If his solicitor hadn’t advised him, he would have made a serious mistake.
HAD his solicitor NOT advised him, he would have made a serious mistake
EXERCISE 4. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.
1. Jack was late to the meeting because his watch was slow.

If Jack’s watch hadn’t been slow, he wouldn’t have been late to the meeting

2. Heinrich regret not having gone to art school when he was younger.

Heinrich wishes he had gone to art school when he was younger

3. We don't live in a big city, so we can't easily get access to the Internet.

If we lived in a big city, we could easily get access to the Internet.

4. 'If your job is so bad, why don't you leave?' she said.

She asked me why I didn’t leave my job if it were so bad

5. I used my calculator; otherwise I'd have taken longer.

Had I not used my calculator, I'd have taken longer

6. 'If my car was working I would drive you to the station,' Tom said to his mother.

Tom told his mother If his car was working he would drive her to the station

7. Speak to her only if she speaks to you first.

Don't speak to her if she doesn’t speak to you first./ unless she speaks to you first

8. If I weren't in my 70s and rather unfit, I might consider taking up squash.

Were I not in my 70s and rather unfit, I might consider taking up squash.

9. 'What will you do if you miss your plane?' she asked.

She asked me what I would do if I missed my plane

10. Return the product to the shop if you have any complaints about it.

Should you have any complaints about the product, return it to the shop.

V. Choose the correct answer to each sentence

1. If you____________ time, please write to me.
A. have B. had C. have had D. has
2. I shouldn’t go there at night if I ____________ you.
A. am B. was C. be D. were
3. If I ____________ get a pole, I will go fishing.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
4. If you had the chance, ____________ you go fishing?
A. did B. may C. would D. do
5. If you ____________ a choice, which country would you visit?
A. have B. had C. have had D. will have
6. Trees won’t grow____________ there is enough water.
A. if B. when C. unless D. as
7. ____________ she agreed, you would have done it.
A. if B. had C. should D. would
8. If he hadn’t wasted too much time , he ____________ in his examination.
A. would fail B. wouldn’t fail C. wouldn’t have failed D. won’t fail
9. If I had taken that English course, I____________ much progress.
A. had made B. would have made C. made D. would make
10. If I were in your place, I____________ a trip to England.
 A. will make B. had made C. would make D. made
11. You ____________disappointed if there ____________no snow for this winter holiday?
A. Would be / was B. will be / is C. will be / are D. could be / is
12. If she ____________yesterday, she would come here with us tomorrow night.
A. finished it B. finishes it C. had finished it D. has finished it
13. If your father weren’t the president of the company, you ____________here.
A. don’t work B. won’t work C. wouldn’t be working D. wouldn’t have worked
14. If I ____________for an accounting firm, I would be working in a post-office.
A. wasn't working B. worked C. hadn't worked D. weren't working
15. What would you have done if you ____________a lot of money?
A. had B. will C. had had D. have had
16. If we had known that you were there, we____________ you a letter.
A. would write B. would have write C. would have written D. had written
17. If we had checked the petrol before we started, we ____________here.
A. wouldn't stop B. wouldn't have stopped C. would have stopped D. would stop
18. “Did he study yesterday?” “No, but if he _______, he would have done better on today’s test.”
A. had B. has C. will study D. had done
19. My sister ____________you the technique of weaving if you ask her.
A. would show B. shows C. will show D. showed
20. She would be happy if we ____________her a bunch of flowers.
A. had sent B. sent C. would send D. send
21. If you don’t feel well, you_____________ better take a rest.
A. are B. would C. had D. have
22. What would you have done if you _____________ a lot of money?
A. had B. had had C. have had D. have
23. The movie was sad and she wept. If it_____________ sad, she_____________.
A. hadn’t been/ wouldn’t have wept B. wasn’t/ wouldn’t weep
C. wasn’t/ would weep D. had been/ would have wept
24. I’ll be very disappointed if you _____________ the exam.
A. don’t pass B. won’t pass C. aren’t passing D. wouldn’t pass
25. If he _____________ harder, the results would be better.
A. has worked B. works C. will work D. worked
26. If I had had free time, I _____________ shopping.
A. would have gone B. can go C. will go D. will have gone
27. _____________ if you take the map with you.
A. You will get lost B. You won’t get lost C. You get lost D. You got lost
28. If you had come to the party, you _____________ her.
A. would meet B. had met C. would have met D. met
29. I’m not tired enough to go to bed yet. I wouldn’t sleep if I _____________ to bed now.
A. go B. went C. had gone D. would go
30. If I were you, I _____________ that shirt. It’s much too expensive.
A. won’t buy B. don’t buy C. am not going to buy D. wouldn’t buy
VI. Rewrite the following sentences:
1. He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.
=> If he didn’t have to study for his exam , he could go out …..
2. She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.
If she were not lazy, she could pass the exam.…………
3. He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.
=> If he pays me tonight, I will have enough money to buy a car ………….
4. He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
=> If he didn’t smoke too much, he could get rid of his cough.…………………..
5. She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party.
=> If she weren’t (very) shy, she could /would enjoy the party.
6. I will get a work permit. I will stay for another month.
=> if I get a work permit , I will stay for another month
7. He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy
=> If he took exercises , he would be healthy/ wouldn’t be unhealthy….
8. We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change.
=> If I had the right change , we could get the ticket ………..
9. Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.
=> If you study hard, you will pass the exam ……………..
If you don’t study , you won’t pass the exam
10. Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.
=> If you are impatient, you will make mistakes ……………………..
11. I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.
=> If I had eaten lunch, I wouldn’t feel hungry now………………………….
12. I only come if they invite me.
=> unless they invite me, I wont come ……………….
13. He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.
=> If he had revised all his lessons, he wouldn’t have failed the exam ……………..
14. The park is over there, only 5 minutes’ walk.
=> If you walk 5 minutes, the park is over there ……………………….
15. Leave me alone or I’ll call the police.
=>Unless you leave me alone, I’ll call the police
16. If you arrive at the office earlier than I do, please turn on the air-conditioner.
=> Should you arrive at the office earlier than I do, please turn on the air-conditioner
17. The children don’t go to school in the snowy weather.
=> If it is snowy, The children don’t go to school ………………………………
18. He died so young; otherwise, he would be a famous musician by now.
=>Had he not died so young , he would be a famous musician by now …………
19. You must tell me the whole truth or I won’t help you.
=> Unless you tell me the whole truth, I won’t help you ……………………………
20. The car breaks down so often because you don’t take good care of it.
=> Were I to take good care of the car, it wouldn’t break down so often ……………………
21. He is very bad-tempered, that’s why his wife left him soon after marriage.
=> If he were not very bad-tempered , his wife wouldn’t have left him soon after marriage …
22. Don’t tell lies to your boss or you’ll be fired at once.
=> If you tell lies to your boss , you’ll be fired at once …
23. She got married at such an early age: otherwise, she would be at university now.
=> Had she not got married at such an early age , she would be at university now
………………….