types of shock

Type of shock Causes Pathophysiology Signs and symptoms

Increased respirations
Weak, rapid pulse
Decreased blood pressure
Decreased oxygen saturations
Too little blood volume
Body fluid depletion: Skeletal muscle weakness
causes a MAP decrease
Haemorrhage – internal Cyanotic, cold, clammy skin
Hypovolemic so the body’s need for
or external Prolonged capillary refill
tissue oxygenation in not
Dehydration Decreased or absent urine output
met
Thirst, agitation, anxiety, confusion, lethargy
Pain
Respiratory acidosis
Decreased deep tendon reflexes.

Tachycardia
Hypotension
Tachypnea
Direct pump failure:
Heart cannot contract Urine output <30ml/hr
MI, cardiac arrest
Cardiogenic effectively. Fluid volume Cold, clammy skin with poor peripheral
Ventricular
not affected. circulation
dysrhythmia
Continuing chest discomfort
Agitation, restlessness, or confusion
Pulmonary congestion

Anaphylactic – damage to cells causes release

of histamine which dilates vessels and increase
Decreased vascular
capillary permeability causing severe
volume or tone:
hypovolemia and vascular collapse. Decreased
Neural – sympathetic
contractility and dysrhythmias occur. Bronchial
stimulation of nerves Vasodilation with pooling
oedema and pulmonary obstruction. Whole
controlling blood causes decreased
body hypoxia.
vessels is decreased, preload and decreases in
Disruptive smooth vessel muscles stroke volume and
Septic – toxins and endotoxins released into the
relax causing cardiac output. Fluid
blood cause systemic inflammatory response
vasodilation shifted from central
syndrome. Metabolism becomes aerobic
Chemical – vascular space.
because of decreased MAP, clot formation in
anaphylaxis, sepsis,
capillaries and poor cell uptake of oxygen.
capillary leak
syndrome
Capillary Leak – fluid shift from blood to interstitial
space.

Cardiac tamponade – paradoxical pulse,

decreased cardiac output, muffled heart sounds.
Cardiac function
Indirect pump failure: decreased by non-
Pulmonary embolus – sudden onset dyspnoea,
Obstructive Cardiac tamponade cardiac factors. Total
pleuritic chest pain, apprehension, restlessness,
Pulmonary embolus body fluid volume not
cough, feeling of impending doom, hemoptysis,
affected.
tachypnea, crackles, diaphoresis, low grade
fever, petechiae on chest and axillae.

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