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ROTATIONAL MOTION
9
Answers to Multiple-Choice Problems
1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A, C 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A
11. B 12. A
Solutions to Problems
s
9.1. Set Up: θ = gives θ in radians. 2π rad = 360°.
r
0.750 m  360° 
Solve: θ = = 0.300 rad; (0.300 rad)  = 17.2°
2.50 m  2π rad 
9.2. Set Up: π rad = 180°. s = rθ , with θ in radians.

s 1.50 m
Solve: (a) θ = = = 0.600 rad = 34.4°
r 2.50 m
s 14.0 cm
(b) r = = = 6.27 cm
θ (128°)(π rad/180°)
(c) s = rθ = (1.50 m)(0.700 rad) = 1.05 m
*9.3. Set Up: For one revolution, Δθ = 2π rad. Assume constant angular velocity, so
Δθ
ω=
Δt
The second hand makes 1 revolution in 1 min = 60.0 s. The minute hand makes 1 revolution in 1 h = 3600 s, and the
hour hand makes 1 revolution in 12 h = 43,200 s.
2π rad
Solve: (a) second hand ω = = 0.105 rad/s
60 s
2π rad
minute hand ω = = 1.75 × 10 −3 rad/s
3600 s
2π rad
hour hand ω = = 1.45 × 10 −4 rad/s
43,200 s
(b) The period is the time for 1 revolution. Second hand, 1 min; minute hand, 1 h; hour hand, 12 h.
Reflect: When the angular velocity is constant, ω = ω av .
© Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently exist.
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
9-1
9-2 Chapter 9
1
9.4. Set Up: 33 rpm = 0.5556 rev/s is the angular speed.
3
 2π rad 
Solve: (a) (0.5556 rev/s)  = 3.49 rad/s
 1 rev 
θ 1 rev
(b) For 1 rev, t = = = 1.80 s
ω 0.5556 rev/s
*9.5. Set Up: 1 rev = 2π rad

Solve: (a) The period is the time for 1 rev, so period = 2.25 s.
θ 2π rad
(b) ω = = = 2.79 rad/s
t 2.25 s
Reflect: The angular speed and period don’t depend on the radius of the wheel.
9.6. Set Up: Find the time it takes for the ball to travel to home plate, then find the number of revolutions that the
ball completes during this time. The distance to home plate is d = 18.3 m, the ball travels at a speed υ = 35.8 m/s, and
its angular speed is ω = 30 rev/s.
d
Solve: The time t it takes for the ball to travel to home plate is t = . The number n of revolutions made by the ball
υ
d  18.3 m 
during this time is n = ωt = ω = (30 rev/s )  = 15.3 rev.
υ  35.8 m/s 
*9.7. Set Up: According the appendix, the distance between the earth and the moon is 3.84 × 108 m. Since the radius
of both the earth and the moon are small in comparison, we will assume that this is roughly the distance, r , that the laser
beam travels. The relation between the angular velocity of the beam and its linear velocity on the lunar surface is υ = rω.
Solve: (a) The speed of the laser beam across the moon’s surface is
υ = rω = (3.84 × 108 m)(1.50 × 10−3 rad/s) = 5.76 × 105 m/s
(b) Assume that the laser light spreads out from a point source on the earth to a 6.00-km diameter spot on the moon.
The angle of divergence (in radians) is the angle that subtends a 6.00-km arc on the lunar surface. Thus,
s 6.00 × 103 m
θ= = = 1.56 × 10−5 rad
r 3.84 × 108 m
Reflect: The actual distance that the beam travels depends on the exact location where the beam leaves the earth and
where it hits the lunar surface. Since the radius of the earth is roughly 0.06 × 108 m and the radius of the moon is
0.02 × 108 m, the distance traveled by the beam is known to an accuracy of only two significant figures. The answers
should be rounded accordingly.
9.8. Set Up: 1 rev = 2π rad. The earth makes one revolution in 24 h = 8.64 × 104 s.
Solve: (a) The period must be 24 h.
θ 2π rad
(b) ω = = = 7.27 × 10−5 rad/s
t 8.64 × 104 s
2π
9.9. Set Up: 1 rpm = (2π /60) rad/s. Period T = . θ − θ0 = ω t
ω
Solve: (a) ω = (1900)(2π rad/60 s) = 199.0 rad/s
θ − θ0 0.611 rad
(b) 35° = (35°)(π /180°) = 0.611 rad. t = = = 3.1 × 10−3 s
ω 199 rad/s
Rotational Motion 9-3
 60 s   1 rev 
(c) (18 rad/s)  = 1.7 × 102 rpm
 1 min   2π rad 
2π rad
2π rad
(d) For the propeller rotating at 1900 rpm, T = = = 0.03158 s.
ω
199.0 rad/s
Reflect: The period is inversely proportional to the angular velocity.
9.10. Set Up: The initial angular speed of fan 1 is ω1,0 = 200 rad/s, its angular acceleration is α1 = −20 rad/s 2 . The
initial angular speed of fan 2 is ω 2,0 = 0 rad/s, its angular acceleration is α 2 = 60 rad/s 2 . Their instantaneous speeds
are ω1 = ω1,0 + α1t and ω 2 = ω 2,0 + α 2t.
Solve: (a) When the fans have the same angular speed, ω1 = ω 2 . This occurs at the time
ω1,0 + α1t = ω 2,0 + α 2t

ω1,0
t=
α 2 − α1
200 rad/s
= = 2.5 s
(
60 rad/s 2 − −20 rad/s 2 )
( )
(b) At time t = 2.5 s, the angular speed of each fan is ω1 = ω 2 = α 2t = 60 rad/s 2 ( 2.5 s ) = 1.5 × 102 rad/s
 2π rad   1 min 
*9.11. Set Up: ω 0 = 0. ω = (78.0 rpm)  = 8.17 rad/s
 1 rev   60 s 
ω − ω0
8.17 rad/s − 0
Solve: (a) ω = ω 0 + α t gives α = = = 2.33 rad/s 2
t 3.50 s
1 1  360° 
(b) θ − θ0 = ω 0t + α t 2 = (2.33 rad/s 2 )(3.50 s) 2 = (14.27 rad)  = 818°
2 2  2π rad 
*9.12. Set Up: 570 rpm = 59.7 rad/s; 1600 rpm = 167.6 rad/s
ω − ω 0 167.6 rad/s − 59.7 rad/s
Solve: ω = ω 0 + α t so α = = = 0.0135 rad/s 2
t (133 min)(60 s/1 min)
9.13. Set Up: Let the direction of the rotation of the blade be positive. ω 0 = 0.
ω − ω 0 140 rad/s − 0
Solve: ω = ω 0 + ω 0t gives α = = = 23.3 rad/s 2 .
t 6.00 s
 ω0 + ω   0 + 140 rad/s 
(θ − θ0 ) =  t=  (6.00 s) = 420 rad
 2   2
9.14. Set Up: Let the direction the wheel is rotating be the positive sense of rotation. Since the wheel starts from
rest, ω 0 = 0. 1 rev = 2π rad
ω − ω 0 8.00 rad/s − 0
Solve: (a) ω = ω 0 + ω 0t gives t = = = 12.5 s.
α 0.640 rad/s 2
ω 2 − ω 02 (8.00 rad/s)2 − 0
(b) ω 2 = ω 02 + 2α (θ − θ 0 ) gives θ − θ0 = = = 50.0 rad = 7.96 rev.
2α 2(0.640 rad/s 2 )
Reflect: We could also do part (b) by
 ω0 + ω   0 + 8.00 rad/s 
θ − θ0 =  t=  (12.5 s) = 50.0 rad
 2   2
9-4 Chapter 9
9.15. Set Up: Let the direction of rotation of the fan be positive.
Solve: (a) ω 0 = 500.0 rev/min = 8.33 rev/s and ω = 200.0 rev/min = 3.33 rev/s. ω = ω 0 + ω 0t gives
ω − ω0
3.33 rev/s − 8.33 rev/s
α= = = − 1.25 rev/s 2
t 4.00 s
ω + ω  8.33 rev/s + 3.33 rev/s 
θ − θ0 =  0 t=  (4.00 s) = 23.3 rev
 2   2
(b) ω 0 = 3.33 rev/s, ω = 0, α = − 1.25 rev/s 2 . ω = ω 0 + ω 0t gives
ω − ω 0 0 − 3.33 rev/s
t= = = 2.66 s
α −1.25 rev/s 2
*9.16. Set Up: 500.0 rpm = 8.33 rev/s. Let the direction of rotation of the flywheel be positive.
ω + ω
Solve: (a) (θ − θ 0 ) =  0 t gives
 2 
2(θ − θ0 ) 2(200.0 rev)
ω= − ω0 = − 8.33 rev/s = 5.00 rev/s = 300 rpm
t 30.0 s
(b) Use information in part (a) to find α : ω = ω 0 + ω 0t gives
ω − ω0
5.00 rev/s − 8.33 rev/s
α= = = − 0.111 rev/s 2
t 30.0 s
Then, with ω = 0 and ω 0 = 8.33 rev/s the equation ω = ω 0 + ω 0t gives
ω − ω 0 0 − 8.33 rev/s
t= = = 75.0 s
α −0.111 rev/s 2
ω0 + ω  8.33 rev/s + 0 
θ − θ0 =   t =   (75.0 s) = 312 rev
 2 2
Reflect: The angular acceleration is negative because the wheel is slowing down.
9.17. Set Up: Let the direction of rotation of the flywheel be positive.
ω + ω 2(θ − θ0 ) 2(162 rad)
Solve: (a) θ − θ0 =  0  t gives ω 0 = −ω = − 108 rad/s = − 27.0 rad/s.
 2  t 4.00 s
At the start of the interval the flywheel was rotating at 27.0 rad/s, in the opposite direction.
ω − ω 0 108 rad/s + 27 rad/s
(b) ω = ω 0 + ω 0t gives α = = = 33.8 rad/s 2 .
t 4.00 s
9.18. Set Up: Let the direction of rotation of the potter’s wheel be positive.
Solve: (a) ω 2 = ω 02 + 2 α (θ − θ0 ) gives
ω 2 − ω 02 − (12 rad/s )
2
α= = = −1.2 rad/s 2
2 (θ − θ0 ) 2 (60 rad )
ω − ω0 −12 rad/s
(b) t = = = 10 s
α −1.2 rad/s 2
9.19. Set Up: Use υ = rω to find υ.
d 0.610 m
Solve: The speed of the car is υ = rω = ω= (50.0 rad/s ) = 15.3 m/s
2 2
2π
9.20. Set Up: υ = rω , where ω must be in rad/s. 1 rpm = rad/s.
60
Solve: (a) 620 rpm = 64.9 rad/s. υ = (0.0750 m)(64.9 rad/s) = 4.87 m/s
υ 0.600 m/s
(b) ω = = = 15 rad/s = 143 rpm
r 0.0400 m
9.21. Set Up: υ = rω , with ω in rad/s.

Solve: (a) arad = rω 2 = (0.500 m)(6.00 rad/s) 2 = 18.0 m/s 2
υ2 (3.00 m/s) 2
(b) υ = rω = (0.500 m)(6.00 rad/s) = 3.00 m/s. arad = = = 18.0 m/s 2
r 0.500 m
9.22. Set Up: arad = rω 2 , with ω in rad/s. 1 rpm = (2π /60) rad/s
arad (400,000)(9.80 m/s 2 )
Solve: ω = = = 1.25 × 104 rad/s = 1.20 × 105 rpm
r 0.0250 m
*9.23. Set Up: r1 = 4.0 in., r2 = 1.5 in., and ω 2 = 75 rpm. The 3 in. sprocket and 24 in. wheel are mounted on the
same axle and turn at the same rate.
Solve: All points on the chain have the same speed so υ 1 = υ 2; points on the rim of each sprocket move at the same
tangential speed. υ = rω gives r1ω1 = r2ω 2 .
r   1.5 in. 
ω1 =  2  ω 2 =  (75 rpm) = 28 rpm
r 1  4.0 in.
Reflect: The large sprocket turns at a slower rate than the small sprocket.
9.24. Set Up: arad = rω 2 . Since arad depends on the rotation rate, it changes as the flywheel accelerates.
atan = rα and is constant. Since arad and atan are in perpendicular directions, the resultant acceleration is
2 2
a = atan + arad .
Solve: (a) ω = 0 so arad = 0. atan = rα = (0.300 m)(0.600 rad/s 2 ) = 0.180 m/s 2 . a = 0.180 m/s 2 .
(b) 60° = (π /3) rad. ω 2 = ω 20 + 2α (θ − θ0 ). ω 0 = 0 so ω 2 = 2α (θ − θ0 ) and
arad = 2rα (θ − θ0 ) = 2(0.300 m)(0.600 rad/s 2 )(π /3 rad) = 0.377 m/s 2 .

a = (0.180 m/s 2 )2 + (0.377 m/s2 )2 = 0.418 m/s2
(c) 120° = (2π /3) rad. arad = 2(0.300 m)(0.600 rad/s 2 )(2π /3) = 0.754 m/s 2
a = (0.180 m/s 2 ) 2 + (0.754 m/s2 )2 = 0.775 m/s2
9.25. Set Up: The stone’s tangential velocity at the top (bottom) of the tire is in the same (opposite) direction as
that of the car, so it will add (subtract) to (from) the speed of the car.
Solve: (a) The maximum speed of the stone occurs at the top of the tire, where the stone moves at
υ = rω = 101 km/h with respect to the car. The car, in turn, moves at υ = rω = 101 km/h with respect to the
pedestrian. These two velocities are in the same direction at this moment, so the speed of the stone with respect to the
pedestrian is 2υ = 2 (101 km/h ) = 202 km/h.
(b) The minimum speed of the stone occurs at the bottom of the tire, where the stone momentarily touches the road
and is motionless with respect to the road. Thus, the minimum speed of the stone with respect to the pedestrian is 0
km/h at this point.
9-6 Chapter 9
9.26. Set Up: 360° = 2π rad. In one back and forth cycle the head turns through 140° = 2.443 rad.
Solve: (a) In 1 min = 60 s, the head turns through 7600(2.443 rad) = 1.857 × 104 rad.
θ 1.857 × 104 rad
ω= = = 310 rad/s
t 60 s
(b) υ = rω = (0.55 cm)(310 rad/s) = 170 cm/s = 1.7 m/s
(c) Estimate that the toothbrush turns back and forth through 45° five times per second.
 2π rad 
5(90°) 
θ  360° 
ω= = = 7.9 rad/s and υ = rω = (0.55 cm)(7.9 rad/s) = 4 cm/s
t 1s
 
*9.27. Set Up: Use Eq. (9.15) to relate ω to arad and use  F = ma to relate arad to Frad . Use Eq. (9.13) to
relate ω to υ, where υ is the tangential speed.
Solve: (a) arad = rω 2 and Frad = marad = mrω 2

2 2
Frad,2 ω   640 rev/min 
=  2 =  = 2.29
Frad,1  ω1   423 rev/min 
υ2 ω 2 640 rev/min
(b) Using υ = rω, we have = = = 1.51
υ1 ω1 423 rev/min
 1 min   2π rad 
(c) Using υ = rω and ω = (640 rev/min)  = 67.0 rad/s, we have
 60 s   1 rev 
υ = rω = (0.235 m)(67.0 rad/s) = 15.7 m/s.
arad 1060 m/s 2
arad = rω 2 = (0.235 m)(67.0 rad/s) 2 = 1060 m/s 2 so = = 108; a = 108 g
g 9.80 m/s 2
Reflect: In parts (a) and (b), since a ratio is used the units cancel and there is no need to convert ω to rad/s. In
part (c), υ and arad are calculated from ω , and ω must be in rad/s.
1 mL2
9.28. Set Up: The kinetic energy of a rotating rod is K = I ω 2 . For a rod rotating about its center, I center = .
2 12
mL2
For a rod rotating about one end, I end = .
3
Solve: For a given angular velocity ω, the ratio κ of kinetic energy for a rod rotating about its center to that for a rod
1
I centerω 2 I 3 1
rotating about one end is κ = 2 = center = = .
1 2 I 12 4
I endω end
2
*9.29. Set Up: I for the object is the sum of the values of I for each part. For the bar, for an axis perpendicular to
the bar, use the appropriate expression from Table 9.2. For a point mass, we have I = mr 2 , where r is the distance of
the mass from the axis.
2
1  L
Solve: (a) I = I bar + I balls = M bar L2 + 2mballs   .
12  2
1
I= (4.00 kg)(2.00 m) 2 + 2(0.500 kg)(1.00 m)2 = 2.33 kg ⋅ m 2
12
1 1
(b) I = mbar L2 + mball L2 = (4.00 kg)(2.00 m) 2 + (0.500 kg)(2.00 m) 2 = 7.33 kg ⋅ m 2
3 3
(c) We have I = 0 because all the masses are on the axis, where r = 0.
Reflect: The moment of inertia for an object depends on both the location and orientation of the axis of rotation in
relation to the object. The axis of rotation with the lowest moment inertia is always one of those that pass through the
object’s center of mass.
1 1 1
9.30. Set Up: (a) I = ML2 (b) I = ML2 (c) I = MR 2
12 3 2
1
Solve: (a) I = (0.0420 kg)(1.50 m) 2 = 7.88 × 10−3 kg ⋅ m 2
12
1
(b) I = (0.0420 kg)(1.50 m) 2 = 3.15 × 10 −2 kg ⋅ m 2
3
1
(c) I = (0.0420 kg)(0.150 × 10 −2 m) 2 = 4.72 × 10 −8 kg ⋅ m 2
2
*9.31. Set Up: (a) Each mass is a distance

2(0.400 m) 2 0.400 m
=
2 2
0.400 m
from the axis, (b) each mass is 0.200 m from the axis, (c) two masses are on the axis and two are from the axis.
2
2
 0.400 m 
Solve: (a) I =  mr 2 = 4(0.200 kg)   = 0.0640 kg ⋅ m
2
 2 
(b) I = 4(0.200 kg)(0.200 m)2 = 0.0320 kg ⋅ m 2
2
 0.400 m  2
(c) I = 2(0.200 kg)   = 0.0320 kg ⋅ m
 2 
Reflect: The value of I depends on the location of the axis.
mL2
9.32. Set Up: The moment of inertia of a rod rotating about one end is I end = .
3
Solve: If you cut the bar in half, the length L′ of each half is a factor of two less than the original length L:
2
 L
m 
m ( L′ )
2
 2 1 mL2 1
L′ = L / 2. Thus, the moment of inertia of one of the two halves is I end
′ = = = = I end .
3 3 4 3 4
Reflect: The moment of inertia is proportional to the length squared of the rod.
1
9.33. Set Up: Use K = I ω 2 . Note that the tangential speed of each sprocket is the same because they are
2
connected by the chain. For sprocket A, I A = I , ω A = ω . For sprocket B, I B = 4 I .
1
Solve: The tangential speed of each sprocket is υ = Rω A = 2 Rω B . Using ω A = ω , this gives ω B = ω . The total
2
2
1 1 1 1 1 
kinetic energy of the system (ignoring the chain) is K = I Aω 2A + I Bω B2 = I ω 2 + ( 4 I )  ω  = I ω 2
2 2 2 2 2 
9-8 Chapter 9
9.34. Set Up: The rim is a thin-walled hollow cylinder with I = mrim R 2 and each of the eight spokes can be treated
1
as a slender rod with the axis at one end, so for each spoke I = mspoke R 2 .
3
1  8
Solve: I = mrim R 2 + 8  mspoke R 2  = [1.40 kg + (0.280 kg)][0.300 m]2 = 0.193 kg ⋅ m 2
3  3
1
*9.35. Set Up: K = I ω 2 . Use Table 9.2 to relate I to the mass M of the disk. 45.0 rpm = 4.71 rad/s. For a
2
1
uniform solid disk we have I = MR 2 .
2
2K 2(0.250 J)
Solve: (a) I = 2 = = 0.0225 kg ⋅ m 2
ω (4.71 rad/s)2
1 2 I 2(0.0225 kg ⋅ m 2 )
(b) I = MR 2 and M = 2 = = 0.500 kg
2 R (0.300 m) 2
Reflect: No matter what the shape is, the rotational kinetic energy is proportional to the mass of the object.
1 1
9.36. Set Up: For a solid disk and an axis through its center, I = MR 2 . K = I ω 2 , where ω must be in rad/s.
2 2
2π
1 rpm = rad/s
60
1 1
Solve: (a) I = MR 2 = (3.00 kg)(0.100 m)2 = 0.0150 kg ⋅ m 2 . ω = 2200 rpm = 230 rad/s.
2 2
1 1
K = I ω 2 = (0.0150 kg ⋅ m 2 )(230 rad/s) 2 = 397 J
2 2
(b) In free fall, gravitational potential energy mgy is converted to kinetic energy. K = mgy and
K 397 J
y= = = 13.5 m
mg (3.00 kg)(9.80 m/s 2 )
1
*9.37. Set Up: K = I ω 2 , with ω in rad/s. 1 rev/min = (2π /60) rad/s. ΔK = − 500 J
2
Solve: ω i = 650 rev/min = 68.1 rad/s. ω f = 520 rev/min = 54.5 rad/s.
1
ΔK = K f − K i = I (ω 2f − ω 2i ) and
2
2( ΔK ) 2( −500 J)
I= 2 2
= 2 2
= 0.600 kg ⋅ m 2
ω f − ω i (54.5 rad/s) − (68.1 rad/s)
1 1
9.38. Set Up: K = I ω 2 . Use Table 9.2 to calculate I. I = ML2 . 1 rpm = 0.1047 rad/s
2 12
1
Solve: (a) I = (117 kg)(2.08 m) 2 = 42.2 kg ⋅ m 2
12
 0.1047 rad/s 
ω = (2400 rev/min)  = 251 rad/s
 1 rev/min 
1 2 1
K= I ω = (42.2 kg ⋅ m 2 )(251 rad/s) 2 = 1.33 × 106 J
2 2
1 1
(b) K1 = M1L12ω12 , K 2 = M 2 L22ω 22 . L1 = L2 and K1 = K 2 , so M1ω 12 = M 2ω 22 .
12 12
M1 M1
ω 2 = ω1 = (2400 rpm) = 2770 rpm
M2 0.750M1
Reflect: The rotational kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the angular speed and directly proportional to
the mass of the object.
9.39. Set Up: The volume of a hollow cylinder of inner radius R1, outer radius R2 , and length L is V = π L( R22 − R22 ).
1
I= M ( R12 + R22 ). Let the density be ρ ; M = ρV .
2
1 rev
Solve: (a) ω = = 0.571 rev/s = 3.59 rad/s
1.75 s
1 11  1 1
K = I ω 2 =  M [ R12 + R 22 ] ω 2 = ρπ L( R 22 − R12 )( R12 + R 22 )ω 2 = ρπ L( R 42 − R14 )ω 2
2 2 2  4 4
4K 4(2.5 × 106 J)
L= = = 23 m
ρπ (R 42 − R14 )ω 2 (2.20 × 10 kg/m )π ([1.50 m]4 − [0.500 m]4 )(3.59 rad/s)2
3 3
(b) Length L is proportional to 1/ω 2 , so doubling ω reduces L to (22 .5 m)/4 = 5.6 m.

Reflect: The length could also be reduced by using material of larger density.
9.40. Set Up: Use coordinates where +y is upward. Take the origin at the final position of the stone, so for the stone
yf = 0 and yi = 2.50 m. The cylinder has no change in gravitational potential energy. The cylinder has rotational kinetic
energy and the stone has translational kinetic energy. Let m be the mass of the stone and let M be the mass of the cylinder.
1
For the cylinder I = MR 2 . The speed of the stone and the angular speed ω of the cylinder are related by υ = Rω .
2
Solve: Conservation of energy says U i + Ki = U f + K f . Ki = 0 and U f = 0, so U i = K f . The conservation of
1 1
energy expression becomes mgyi = mυ 2 + I ω 2 .
2 2
1 2 11  1 1 1
I ω =  MR 2  (υ /R )2 = M υ 2 , so mgyi = mυ 2 + M υ 2 and
2 2 2  4 2 4
M=
(
2m 2 gyi − υ 2 ) = 2 (3.00 kg) 2 (9.80 m/s )(2.50 m) − (3.50 m/s)  = 18.0 kg
2 2
υ2 (3.50 m/s)2
*9.41. Set Up: The speed υ of the weight is related to ω of the cylinder by υ = Rω , where R = 0.325 m. Use
coordinates where +y is upward and yi = 0 for the weight. yf = − h, where h is the unknown distance the weight
1
descends. Let m = 1.50 kg and M = 3.25 kg. For the cylinder I = MR 2 .
2
Solve: (a) Conservation of energy says Ki + U i = K f + U f . Ki = 0 and U i = 0. U f = mgyf = − mgh.
2
1 1 1 11   υ 1 1 
Kf = mυ 2 + I ω 2 = mυ 2 +  MR 2    =  m + M  υ 2
2 2 2 2 2   R 2 4 
1 1  2
 m + M  υ − mgh = 0
2 4
1 1  2 1 1  2
 m + M  υ  2 (1.50 kg) + 4 (3.25 kg)  (2.50 m/s)
2 4
h= = = 0.664 m
mg (1.50 kg)(9.80 m/s 2 )
9-10 Chapter 9
υ 2.50 m/s
(b) ω = = = 7.69 rad/s
R 0.325 m
Reflect: The net work done by the rope that connects the cylinder and weight is zero. The speed υ of the weight
equals the tangential speed at the outer surface of the cylinder, and this gives υ = Rω .
2
9.42. Set Up: The volume of the disk is Vdisk = π Rdisk t , where t = 0.015 m is the thickness of the disk. The volume
4 3
of a sphere is Vsphere = π Rsphere .
3
Solve: (a) For the disk, the moment of inertia about a perpendicular axis through its center is
I disk =
2
mRdisk
=
(17 kg )(0.2 m ) = 0.3 kg ⋅ m 2 .
2
2 2
1/3
2 4 3 3 2 
(b) The volume of the sphere must be the same as that of the disk, so π Rdisk t = π Rsphere and Rsphere =  Rdisk t .
3 4 
The moment of inertia of the sphere is
2/3 2/3
2 3 2 
(17 kg )  (0.2 m )2 (0.015 m)
2 2 2 3
I sphere = mRsphere = m  Rdisk t = = 0.04 kg ⋅ m 2
5 5 4  5 4 
Reflect: The moment of inertia of the sphere is much less than that of the disk because the sphere has proportionally
much more mass close to the center of rotation.
1
9.43. Set Up: υcm = Rω . ω = 0.50 rev/s = 3.14 rad/s. I = MR 2 with R = 0.50 m
2
1 2 1
Solve: (a) K tot = K cm + K rot with K cm =M υcm and K rot = I cmω 2
2 2
1
υcm = Rω = (0.50 m)(3.14 rad/s) = 1.57 m/s. K cm = (75 kg)(1.57 m/s)2 = 92.4 J
2
1 1 1
K rot = I cmω 2 = MR 2ω 2 = M υcm 2
= 46.2 J. K tot = 92.4 J + 46.2 J = 1.4 × 102 J
2 4 4
K rot 46.2 J
(b) = = 33%
K tot 140 J
9.44. Set Up: The wheel has I = MR 2 , with M = 2.25 kg and R = 0.425 m. Rolling without slipping means
υcm = Rω for the wheel. Initially the wheel has υcm,i = 11.0 m/s. Use coordinates where +y is upward and y = 0 at
the bottom of the hill, so yi = 75.0 m and yf = 0.
Solve: (a) Conservation of energy gives Ki + U i = K f + U f .
2
1 2 1 1 1 υ 
K= mυcm + I cmω 2 = mυcm
2
+ ( mR 2 )  cm  = mυcm
2
2 2 2 2  R 
2 2 2 2
Ki = mυcm,i , K f = mυcm,f . U i = mgyi , U f = mgyf = 0 so mgyi + mυcm,i = mυcm,f
2
υcm,f = υcm,i + gyi = (11.0 m/s) 2 + (9.80 m/s 2 )(75.0 m) = 29.3 m/s
2
(b) K f = mυcm,f = (2.25 kg)(29.3 m/s)2 = 1.93 × 103 J
*9.45. Set Up: Since there is rolling without slipping, vcm = Rω . The kinetic energy is given by Eq. (9.19). We
have ω = 3.00 rad/s and R = 0.600 m. For a hoop rotating about an axis at its center we have I = MR 2 .
Solve: (a) υcm = Rω = (0.600 m)(3.00 rad/s) = 1.80 m/s
1 2 1 1 1
(b) K = M υcm + I ω 2 = M υcm
2
+ ( MR 2 )(υcm /R 2 ) = M υcm
2
= (2.20 kg)(1.80 m/s) 2 = 7.13 J
2 2 2 2
Reflect: For the special case of a hoop, the total kinetic energy is equally divided between the motion of the center
of mass and the rotation about the axis through the center of mass.
2 2
9.46. Set Up: The solid sphere has I cm = mR 2 ; the uniform spherical shell has I cm = mR 2 . υcm = υ = Rω for
5 3
both. Use coordinates where +y is upward and y = 0 at the bottom of the hill.
Solve: (a) Conservation of energy gives Ki + U i = K f + U f . U i = 0 and K f = 0 for both spheres, so Ki = U f . This
gives
1 1
mυ 2 + I cmω 2 = mgh
2 2
1 1
mυ 2 + I cmω 2
h= 2 2
mg
2
2 1 2 12  υ 1
solid sphere: I cm = mR 2 so I cmω cm =  mR 2    = mυ 2
5 2 
2 5   R  5
1 1
mυ 2 + mυ 2 7υ 2
Then h = 2 5 =
mg 10 g
2
2 1 2 12  υ  1
hollow sphere: I cm = mR 2 so I cmω cm =  mR 2    = mυ 2
3 2 2 3  R 3
1 1
mυ 2 + mυ 2 5υ 2
Then h = 2 3 =
mg 6g
Reflect: The hollow sphere rolls farther up the hill because it has a greater rotational moment of inertia than the
solid sphere. This is because its mass is farther from the center of rotation than for the solid sphere.
2
*9.47. Set Up: The ball has moment of inertia I cm = mR 2 . Rolling without slipping means υcm = Rω . Use coordinates
3
where +y is upward and y = 0 at the bottom of the hill, so yi = 0 and yf = h = 5.00 m.
Solve: (a) Conservation of energy gives Ki + U i = K f + U f . U i = 0, K f = 0 (stops). Therefore Ki = U f and
1 2 1
mυcm + I cmω 2 = mgh.
2 2
2
1 12 υ  1 2 5 2
I cmω 2 =  mR 2   cm  = mυcm so mυcm = mgh
2 23  R  3 6
6 gh 6(9.80 m/s 2 )(5.00 m)
υcm = = = 7.67 m/s
5 5
and
υcm 7.67 m/s
ω= = = 67.9 rad/s
R 0.113 m
9-12 Chapter 9
1 2 1 2 1
(b) K rot = I ω = mυcm = (0.426 kg)(7.67 m/s) 2 = 8.35 J
2 3 3
1 2 3
Reflect: Its translational kinetic energy at the base of the hill is mυcm = K rot = 12.52 J. Its total kinetic energy is
2 2
20.9 J. This equals its final potential energy: mgh = (0.426 kg)(9.80 m/s 2 )(5.00 m) = 20.9 J.
2
9.48. Set Up: The marble is a solid sphere and has I cm = mR 2 . Since the marble rolls without slipping, υcm = Rω .
5
The block of ice has only translational kinetic energy. At the bottom of the hill, the marble has speed υcm = υ m and the
block has speed υcm = υ b . Use coordinates where +y is upward and y = 0 at the bottom of the hill. Then yi = H and
yf = 0 for each object.
Solve: (a) Conservation of energy gives Ki + U i = K f + U f . Ki = 0, U f = 0 so U i = K f .
1 2 1
marble: mgH = mυcm + I cmω 2
2 2
2
1 2 12  υ  1 2
I cmω cm =  mR 2   m  = mυ m
2 2 5  R  5
7 2 10
so mgH = mυ m and υ m = gh = 1.20 gH
10 7
1
block of ice: mgH = mυ 2b and υ b = 2 gH = 1.41 gH
2
(b) The ice is moving faster at the bottom.
(c) For each object, K f = U i = mgH . They have the same kinetic energy at the bottom.
*9.49. Set Up: Apply Eq. (9.19). For an object that is rolling without slipping we have vcm = Rω .
Solve: The fraction of the total kinetic energy that is rotational is
(1/2) I cmω 2 1 1
2 2
= 2 2
=
(1/2) Mvcm + (1/2) I cmω 1 + ( M /I cm )vcm /ω 1 + ( MR 2 /I cm )
(a) I cm = (1/2) MR 2 , so the above ratio is 1/3.
(b) I cm = (2/5) MR 2 so the above ratio is 2/7.
(c) I cm = (2/3) MR 2 so the ratio is 2/5.
(d) I cm = (5/8) MR 2 so the ratio is 5/13.
Reflect: The moment of inertia of each object takes the form I = β MR 2 . The ratio of rotational kinetic energy to
1 β
total kinetic energy can be written as = . The ratio increases as β increases.
1 + 1/β 1 + β
9.50. Set Up: Only gravity does work, so Wother = 0 and conservation of energy gives Ki + U i = K f + U f .
1 2 1
Let yf = 0, so U f = 0 and yi = 0.750 m. The hoop is released from rest so Ki = 0. K f = M υcm + I cmω 2 .
2 2
υcm = Rω . For a hoop with an axis at its center, I cm = MR 2 .
1 1
Solve: Conservation of energy gives U i = K f . K f = MR 2ω 2 + ( MR 2 )ω 2 = MR 2ω 2 , so MR 2ω 2 = Mgyi .
2 2
gyi (9.80 m/s 2 )(0.750 m)
ω= = = 33.9 rad/s
R 0.0800 m
9.51. Set Up: Solve this problem using energy conservation: ΔK = −ΔU . The change in potential energy of the cart is
ΔU = Mg Δy , where the total mass is M = 150.0 kg + 4(45.0 kg) = 330.0 kg and the vertical displacement of the cart
is given by Δy = − (16.0 m)sin 20° = − 5.472 m. The kinetic energy of the cart consists of its translational kinetic
energy and the rotational kinetic energy of its four identical wheels. The initial kinetic energy is zero, so
1 1  1
ΔK = M υ 2 + 4  I ω 2  . The moment of inertia of each wheel is that of a solid cylinder: I = mr 2 with m = 45.0 kg.
2 2  2
1 1 
− Mg Δy = M υ 2 + 4  Iω 2 
2  2 
2
1 1   υ
= M υ 2 + 2  mr 2   
2 2  r
M 
Solve: = υ 2  + m
 2 
− Mg Δy − g Δy
υ=± =
M 1 m
+m +
2 2 M
=
( )
− 9.8 m/s 2 ( −5.472 m )
= 9.2 m/s
1 45.0 kg
+
2 330.0 kg
Reflect: If we ignore the rotational energy of the wheels, we would get υ = 2gh = 2(9.80 m/s 2 )(5.472 m) = 10 m/s
for the speed of the cart at the bottom of the slope. The actual speed of the cart is only slightly slower than this due to the
relatively small moment of inertia of the wheels.
9.52. Set Up: Apply conservation of energy to the motion of the marble.
Solve: (a) The rotational kinetic energy gained on descending the left side of the bowl is lost at the same rate upon
climbing the right side of the bowl, so the marble will climb to the same height h from which it was dropped.
(b) With no friction, no rotational kinetic energy is created because there is no friction torque on the marble. Thus,
the marble will again climb up the right side to the same height h from which it was dropped.
(c) With no friction, all the potential energy is converted to translational kinetic energy at the bottom of the bowl, so
the marble is moving faster for the frictionless case.
*9.53. Set Up: The linear acceleration a of the elevator equals the tangential acceleration of a point on the rim of
the shaft. a = 0.150 g = 1.47 m/s. For the shaft, R = 0.0800 m.
1.47 m/s 2
Solve: atan = Rα so a = Rα and α = = 18.4 rad/s 2
0.0800 m
Reflect: In atan = Rα , α is in units of rad/s 2 .
9.54. Set Up: Apply conservation of energy to the motion of the wheel. The wheel at points 1 and 2 of its motion is
shown in the figure below. Take the point y = 0 at the center of the wheel when it is at the bottom of the hill.
9-14 Chapter 9
1 1
The wheel has both translational and rotational motion so its kinetic energy is K = I cmω 2 + M υcm
2
.
2 2
Solve: K1 + U1 + Wother = K 2 + U 2
Wother = Wfric = −3500 J (the friction work is negative)
1 2 1
K1 = I ω1 + M υ12 ; v = Rω and I = 0.800 MR 2 so
2 2
1 1
K1 = (0.800) MR 2ω 12 + MR 2ω 12= 0.900 MR 2ω 12
2 2
K 2 = 0, U1 = 0, U 2 = Mgh
Thus 0.900MR 2ω 12+ Wfric = Mgh
M = w/g = 392 N/(9.80 m/s 2 ) = 40.0 kg
0.900MR 2ω 12+ Wfric
h=
Mg
(0.900)(40.0 kg)(0.600 m) 2 (25.0 rad/s) 2 − 3500 J
h= = 11.7 m
(40.0 kg)(9.80 m/s 2 )
Reflect: Friction does negative work and reduces h.
*9.55. Set Up: The distance d the car travels equals the arc length s traveled by a point on the rim of the tire, so
d = rθ . The odometer reading depends on the angle through which the wheels have turned.
d 528 ft
Solve: (a) d = 0.10 mi = 528 ft. r = 12 in = 1.0 ft. θ = = = 528 rad = 84 rev
r 1.0 ft
(b) d = rθ . 5000 rev = 3.14 × 104 rad. d = (1.0 ft)(3.14 × 104 rad) = 3.14 × 104 ft = 6.0 mi
(c) With proper 24 in. diameter tires the angular displacement for d = 500 mi = 2.64 × 106 ft is
d 2.64 × 106 ft
θ=
= = 2.64 × 106 rad
r 1.0 ft
 14 
With 28 in. tires this θ corresponds to d = rθ =  ft  (2.64 × 106 rad) = 3.08 × 106 ft = 5.8 × 102 mi.
 12 
Reflect: In s = rθ the angle θ must be expressed in radians.
9.56. Set Up: The speed υ of the car equals the tangential speed υ tan of a point on the rim of the tire, so υ = rω . In this
equation, ω must be expressed in rad/s. 55 mph = 80.7 ft/s. The speedometer reading depends on the angular speed
with which the wheels are turning.
υ 80.7 ft/s  1 rev   60 s 
Solve: (a) ω = = = (80.7 rad/s)  = 7.7 × 102 rpm
r 1 ft  2π rad   1 min 
(b) 500 rpm = 52.4 rad/s. υ = rω = (1.0 ft)(52.4 rad/s) = 52.4 ft/s = 36 mph
(c) When the speedometer reads 50 mph = 73.3 ft/s the wheels have angular speed
υ
73.3 ft/s
ω= = = 88 rad/s
10
r ft
12
The speedometer reads the υ for this ω if standard tires were used. For ω = 88 rad/s and r = 1.0 ft, υ = rω = 88 ft/s
= 60 mph.
1 1
9.57. Set Up: K = I ω 2 , with ω in rad/s. For a solid cylinder, I = MR 2 . 1 rev/min = (2π /60) rad/s
2 2
1
Solve: ω = 3000 rev/min = 314 rad/s. I = (1000 kg)(0.900 m) 2 = 405 kg ⋅ m 2
2
1
K= (405 kg ⋅ m 2 )(314 rad/s) 2 = 2.00 × 107 J
2
9.58. Set Up: For the wheels, I = mR 2 , where m = 3 kg. The total kinetic energy is the sum of the translational
kinetic energy and the rotational kinetic energy: K = K trans + K rot . The total mass M of the bike and rider is M = 55
kg + 24 kg = 79 kg.
Solve: The total kinetic energy is
K = K trans + K rot
1 1 
= M υ 2 + 2  Iω 2 
2 2 
2
 υ
1
( )
= M υ 2 + mR 2  
2  R
1 
=  M + m υ 2
2 
1 
=  (79 kg ) + (3 kg ) (7 m/s ) = 2082.5 J
2
2 
2
The rotational kinetic energy is K rot = (3 kg )(7 m/s ) = 147 J. Thus, the percent p of the total kinetic energy that is
rotational kinetic energy is p = K / K rot = 100% × ( 2082.5 J ) / (147 J ) = 7%.
9.59. Set Up: 200 rpm = 20.94 rad/s. 500 rpm = 52.36 rad/s. The outer radius is 6.05 × 10−2 m. The angular speed is
greatest when r is smallest. 74 min = 4440 s.
Solve: (a) υ tan = rω . ω = 20.94 rad/s when r = 6.05 × 10 −2 m so υ tan = 1.27 m/s.
υ tan 1.27 m/s
(b) Find r when ω = 52.36 rad/s: r = = = 0.0242 m. The diameter is 4.84 cm.
ω 52.36 rad/s
ω − ω0 20.94 rad/s − 52.36 rad/s
(c) ω = ω 0 + α t gives α = = = − 7.1 × 10 −3 rad/s 2
t 4440 s
α is negative since the rotation rate slows as the tracking spirals outward.
*9.60. Set Up: All points on the belt (which is shown in the figure below) move with the same speed. Since the belt
doesn’t slip, the speed of the belt is the same as the speed of a point on the rim of the shaft and on the rim of the
wheel, and these speeds are related to the angular speed of each circular object by υ = rω .
Solve: (a) v1 = r1ω 1
ω1 = (60.0 rev/s)(2π rad/1 rev) = 377 rad/s
v 1 = r 1ω 1 = (0.45 × 10 −2 m)(377 rad/s) = 1.7 m/s
(b) υ1 = υ 2
r 1ω 1 = r 2ω 2
ω 2 = (r1 /r 2)ω 1 = (0.45 cm/2.00 cm)(377 rad/s) = 85 rad/s
9-16 Chapter 9
Reflect: The wheel has a larger radius than the shaft so it turns slower to have the same tangential speed for points on the rim.
2
9.61. Set Up: I cm = mR 2 . When it rolls without slipping, υcm = Rω . When there is no friction the angular speed
3
of rotation is constant. Take +y upward and let y = 0 in the valley.
Solve: (a) Find the speed υcm in the level valley: Ki + U i = K f + U f . yi = H 0 , yf = 0. Ki = 0, U f = 0. Therefore,
U i = Kf .
1 2 1
mgH 0 = mυcm + I cmω 2
2 2
2
1 12 υ  1 2
I cmω 2 =  mR 2   cm  = mυcm
2 23  R  3
5 2 2 6 gH 0
so mgH 0 = mυcm and υcm = .
6 5
Find the height H it goes up the other side. Its rotational kinetic energy stays constant as it rolls on the frictionless
surface.
1 2 1 1
mυcm + I cmω 2 = I cmω 2 + mgH
2 2 2
2
3 υcm
H== H0
2g 5
(b) Some of the initial potential energy has been converted into rotational kinetic energy so there is less potential
energy at the second height H than at the first height H 0 .
*9.62. Set Up: My total mass is m = 90 kg. I model my head as a uniform sphere of radius 8 cm. I model my trunk
and legs as a uniform solid cylinder of radius 12 cm. I model my arms as slender rods of length 60 cm.
ω = 72 rev/min = 7.5 rad/s.
2 1  1
Solve: (a) I tot = (0.070m)(0.080 m) 2 + (0.80m)(0.12 m) 2 + 2   (0.13m)(0.60 m) 2 = 3.3 kg ⋅ m 2
5 2  3
1 2 1
(b) K rot = I ω = (3.3 kg ⋅ m 2 )(7.5 rad/s) 2 = 93 J
2 2
Reflect: According to these estimates about 85% of the total I is due to the outstretched arms. If the initial translational
1
kinetic energy mυ 2 of the skater is converted to this rotational kinetic energy as he goes into a spin, his initial speed must
2
be 1.4 m/s.
2
9.63. Set Up: I cm = mR 2 . When it rolls without slipping, υcm = Rω . When there is no friction (on the smooth
5
ice), ω and the rotational kinetic energy are constant. Use coordinates where +y is upward and y = 0 at the bottom
of the hill.
Solve: Motion along the rough part: Let υ 1 be the translational speed at the bottom of the rough part. Ki + U i =
K f + U f . Ki = 0. yi = 50.0 m; yf = 25.0 m
1 1
mgyi = mυ 12 + I cmω 2 + mgyf
2 2
2
1 12 υ  1 7
I cmω 2 =  mR 2   1  = mυ 21 , so g ( yi − yf ) = υ 21 and
2 
2 5   R  5 10
10
υ1 =(9.80 m/s 2 )(25.0 m/s) = 18.7 m/s
7
Motion along the smooth part: υ i = υ1. yi = 25.0 m; yf = 0. Ki + U i = K f + U f gives
1 1 1 1
mυ 12 + I cmω 2 + mgyi = mυf2 + I cmω 2
2 2 2 2
υf = υ 12 + 2 gyi = (18.7 m/s)2 + 2(9.80 m/s 2 )(25.0 m) = 29.0 m/s
9.64. Set Up: Treat the V like two thin 0.160 kg bars, each 25 cm long. For a slender bar with the axis at one end,
1
we have I = mL2 .
3
1   1
Solve: I = 2  mL2  = 2   (0.160 kg)(0.250 m) 2 = 6.67 × 10−3 kg ⋅ m 2
3   3
Reflect: The value of I is independent of the angle between the two sides of the V; the angle 70.0° didn't enter into
the calculation.
2
9.65. Set Up: A solid sphere has I = MR 2 .
5
2
2 2 2 2  R 1
Solve: I old = MR 2 . I new = MRnew = M   = I old Thus, I new / I old = 1 / 4.
5 5 5  2 4
2
*9.66. Set Up: I cm = mR 2 . If the stone rolls without slipping, υcm = Rω . If there is no friction the stone slides
5
without rolling and has no rotational kinetic energy. Use coordinates where + y is upward and y = 0 at the bottom
of the hill.
Solve: After the stone is launched into the air its translational kinetic energy is converted to potential energy. At its
1 2
maximum height h, mgh = mυcm , where υcm is its translational speed at the bottom of the hill.
2
1 2 2
(a) Apply conservation of energy to the motion down the hill: mgH = mυcm and υcm = 2 gH . Then
2
1 2 1
mgh = mυcm = m(2 gH ) and h = H .
2 2
(b) Now the initial potential energy is converted to both translational and rotational kinetic energy as the stone rolls
down the hill:
1 2 1
mgH = mυcm + I cmω 2
2 2
2
1 12 υ  1 2 7 10
I cmω 2 =  mR 2   cm  = mυcm 2
so mgH = mυcm 2
and υcm = gH
2 
2 5   R  5 10 7
1  10  5
This gives mgh = m  gH  and h = H .
2 7  7
(c) In (a) all the initial gravitational potential energy is converted back to final gravitational potential energy; the
kinetic energy at the final maximum height is zero. In (b) the stone gains rotational kinetic energy as it rolls down the
hill and it still has this rotational kinetic energy at its maximum height; not all the initial potential energy is converted
into the final potential energy.
Reflect: Both answers do not depend on the mass or radius of the stone. But the answer to (b) depends on how the
mass is distributed; the answer would be different for a hollow rolling sphere.
9-18 Chapter 9
9.67. Set Up: Use conservation of energy, Ki + U i = K f + U f , to find the speed υf of the ball just as it leaves the
1 1
top of the cliff. Let y = 0 at the bottom of the cliff, so yi = 0, U i = 0 and yf = 28.0 m. K = I cmω 2 + mυ 2 .
2 2
2
I cm = mR 2 . Rolling without slipping gives υ = Rω . Consider the projectile motion of the ball after it goes over
5
the cliff to find its horizontal range and final speed.
12 2 2 1 2 7 2
Solve: (a) While rolling without slipping, K =  mR  ω + mυ = mυ . Conservation of energy gives
2 5 2 10
7 7 10
mυ 2i = mgyf + mυ 2f . υf = υ 2i − gyf = 15.3 m/s.
10 10 7
Projectile motion: Use the vertical motion to find the time in the air. Let +y be downward. υ 0 y = 0, a y = 9.80 m/s 2
1 2
and y − y0 = 28.0 m. y − y0 = υ 0 yt + a yt gives
2
2( y − y0 )
t= = 2.39 s
ay
During this time the ball travels horizontally x − x0 = υ0 xt = (15.3 m/s)(2.39 s) = 36.6 m.
υ y = υ0 y + a yt = 0 + (9.80 m/s 2 )(2.39 s) = 23.4 m/s
υ x = υ0 x = 15.3 m/s and υ = υ x2 + υ 2y = 28.0 m/s

(b) The rotation rate of the ball is less at the top of the hill than it was initially. While it moves through the air the
rotation rate stays the same, so when the ball returns to the ground, the amount of energy in rotational kinetic energy
is less than it was initially, before it started to roll up the hill. The total energy is the same, so at the end more energy
is in translational motion than initially and the final translational speed is greater.
1
9.68. Set Up: For a uniform bar pivoted about one end, I = mL2 . υ = 5.0 km/h = 1.4 m/s.
3
π /3 rad
(a) 60° = (π /3) rad. The average angular speed of each arm and leg is = 1 rad/s.
1s
1 1 1
(b) I = marm Larm 2 + mleg Lleg 2 = [(0.13)(75 kg)(0.70 m) 2 + (0.37)(75 kg)(0.90 m) 2 ]
3 3 3
I = 9.08 kg ⋅ m 2
1 2 1
K rot = I ω = (9.08 kg ⋅ m 2 )(1.05 rad/s) 2 = 5 J
2 2
1 1
(c) K tran = mυ 2 = (75 kg)(1.4 m/s) 2 = 73.5 J and K tot = K tran + K rot = 79 J
2 2
K rot 5.0 J
(d) = = 6.4
K tran 78.5 J
Reflect: If you swing your arms more vigorously more of your energy input goes into the kinetic energy of walking
and it is more effective exercise.
9.69. Set Up: Now υ = 12 km/h = 3.33 m/s. I tot = 9.08 kg ⋅ m 2 as in Problem 9.68.
π /3 rad
Solve: (a) ω av = = 2 rad/s
0.5 s
1 1
(b) K tot = I ω 2 = (9.08 kg ⋅ m 2 )(2.1 rad/s) 2 = 2 × 101 J
2 2
1 1
(c) K tran = mυ 2 = (75 kg)(3.33 m/s)2 = 416 J; K = 4.4 × 102 J
2 2
K rot 20 J
(d) = = 4.6
K tot 436 J
Solutions to Passage Problems
1
9.70. Set Up: The time between frames is Δt = s. Use θ = ωΔt to calculate the angle through which the eel
120
rotates.
 360°   1 
Solve: The eel rotates through an angle of θ = ωΔt = (14 rev/s )   s = 42°. The answer is D.
 1 rev   120 
ωf − ωi
9.71. Set Up: The average angular acceleration is α av = . Let the counterclockwise direction be positive.
Δt
ωf − ωi 8 rev/s − ( −14 rev/s )  2π rad  44π 2
Solve: α av = =  1 rev  = 10 rad/s
Δt 10 s
The correct answer is D.
1
*9.72. Set Up: When spinning about it long axis, the eel has rotational inertia I = mr 2 .
2
1 2 1  1 2  2 mr 2ω 2
Solve: The rotational kinetic energy when the eel rotates at 14 rev/s is K rot = I ω =  mr  ω = .
2 2 2  4
1
When swimming in a straight line, the kinetic energy of the eel is K trans = mυ 2 . For these two energies to be the
2
same, the speed υ must be
1 mr 2ω 2
mυ 2 =
2 4
υ=±
rω
=±
(0.050 m )(14 rev/s )  2π rad  = ±3.1 m/s
2 2  1 rev 
The correct answer is C.
1
9.73. Set Up: When spinning about it long axis, the eel has rotational inertia I = mr 2 .
2
Solve: The rotational inertia is proportional to the radius squared. The new species of eel has twice the radius, so its
rotation inertia is four times greater. The correct answer is D.
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CHAPTER XIV
UNGENTLEMANLIKE BEHAVIOR OF JIM
LASCELLES
JIM LASCELLES continued his labors. He arrived at Hill Street each

morning at ten, and worked with diligence until two p.m. Urged by
the forces within him, and sustained by the injudicious counsel of his
mother, he devoted his powers to the yellow hair, in spite of the fact
that by the terms of his commission it was his duty to copy the
auburn.
About three days after the dance he was interrupted one morning by
Lord Cheriton. Jim was feeling rather depressed. For one thing his
conscience smote him. He had deliberately risked the loss of a sum
of money which he could not afford to lose; and further, it was most
likely that he was about to offer an affront to his only patron. The
more work he put into the picture, the more marked became the
difference between it and the original. Again, and this perhaps was
an equally solid reason for his depression, this morning the Goose
Girl had forsaken him. She had gone for a ride in the park with her
duke.
Doubtless Cheriton was sharing Jim’s depression. At least, when he
entered the drawing-room to inspect the labors of his protégé, a
countenance which, as a general rule, made a point of exhibiting a
scrupulous amiability, was clouded over.
Cheriton’s scrutiny of Jim’s labors was long and particular.
“I invite you to be frank with me, Lascelles,” said he. “Is this a copy of
the Dorset, or is it a portrait of a living person?”
By nature Jim was a simple and ingenuous fellow. But really his
present predicament was so awkward that he did not know what
reply to make.
“Some of it is Gainsborough,” said Jim, lamely, “and some of it, I am
afraid, is nature.”
“I am sorry to say, my dear Lascelles,” said Cheriton, judicially, “that I
cannot accept that as an adequate answer to a straightforward
question.”
“No, it is not a very good answer,” Jim agreed.
Suddenly his jaw dropped and he burst into a queer laugh.
“The fact is, Lord Cheriton,” said Jim, “I am in a hole.”
Cheriton regarded Jim in a highly critical manner.
“Yes, Lascelles,” said he, slowly. “I think you are.”
“A hole,” Jim repeated with additional emphasis, as if he desired to
gain confidence from a frank statement of his trouble.
Jim’s odd face seemed to appeal for a little sympathy, but not a
suggestion of it was forthcoming.
“What can a fellow do?” said Jim, desperately. “She will come and sit
here on that sofa in a better light than the duchess. The sun of the
morning will shine upon her; and when Nature comes to handle pink
and white and blue and yellow she has a greater magic than ever
Gainsborough had.”
Cheriton shook his head with magisterial solemnity.
“Lascelles,” said he, “you have a very weak case. And I feel bound to
say that the manner in which you present it does not, in my opinion,
make it stronger.”
“I expect not,” said Jim, ruefully. “But dash it all, what is a fellow to do
if she will come and sit on that sofa and pose like Romney’s Emma?”
“His duty is absolutely clear to my mind, and I think it is simple. He
should order the intruder out of the room.”
“Oh yes, I know,” said Jim, “that is what a really strong chap would
do.” Jim gave a groan. “I know that is what a Velasquez or a
Rembrandt would have done. And he would have cursed her like
fury for sitting there at all.”
“Yes, I think so,” said the mellifluous Cheriton. “Rembrandt
especially. In my opinion, Rembrandt would have shaken his fist at
her.”
“That is the worst of being a mediocrity,” said Jim, gloomily. “It takes
a chap with enormous character to do these things.”
“I am afraid, Lascelles, the plea of mediocrity will do nothing for you.
If anything, it weakens your case. Personally, if I were advising you I
should say either put in a plea of consummate genius or do not put
in a plea at all.”
“I am not such a fool as to believe that I’m a genius,” said Jim, with
excellent frankness.
“I am not such a fool as to believe you are either,” said Cheriton, with
a frankness that was equally excellent. “And therefore, examining
your conduct with all the leniency the circumstances will permit, I am
unable to find any palliation for it. I fear my old friend Lady
Crewkerne is much annoyed—forgive my plainness, Lascelles, but I
feel it to be necessary—by your intrepidity in copying her niece
instead of her Gainsborough; and I, as an old friend of the house,
feel bound to share her disapproval.”
“Rub it in, Lord Cheriton,” said Jim.
He stuck his hands in his pockets and began to whistle softly with an
air of supreme discomfiture.
“Yes, Lascelles, I intend to do so. In fact, I find it difficult to say all
that I should like to do upon the subject, without actually saying more
than one who was at school with your father would feel it desirable to
say to a young man who has his own way to make in the world.”
“Say just as much as you like,” said Jim. “I know I have made an ass
of myself. And of course I haven’t a leg to stand on, really. And I
expect the old cat will have me on the carpet too.”
Cheriton dropped his eyeglass with an air of dignified agitation.
“I beg your pardon, Lascelles,” said he. “To whom do you refer?”
“To that damned old woman!” said Jim Lascelles, with an unabashed
air.
“Can it be possible that you refer to Caroline Crewkerne, my oldest
friend?”
“I mean the aunt of Nature’s immortal work,” said Jim, coolly. “I really
can’t help it; I feel that I must curse somebody this morning. And as
she is bound to curse me, I don’t see why I shouldn’t curse her.”
“Your habit of explanation, Lascelles, is decidedly unfortunate.”
“Well, tell me the worst, Lord Cheriton. I suppose you withdraw your
offer; and I am to be bundled out neck and crop with my canvas and
forbidden to come here again?”
“I certainly withdraw my offer. In regard to prohibition of the house
that, of course, rests entirely with my old friend, of whom you have
spoken in a singularly disrespectful—and shall I say
ungentlemanlike?—manner.”
“I couldn’t help it,” said Jim, humbly. “It has done me good to say it.
But, of course, I’m in the wrong altogether.”
“You are, undoubtedly. To my mind, you are more in the wrong than
one could have judged possible for a young man of your character,
upbringing, and attainments to be.”
“If a confounded girl,” said Jim, “will make a practice of coming into
this room continually to ask you what your opinion is of her hat and
her frock, and whether you have ever tasted cream buns and pink
ices, and whether you think Muffin’s mauve was as nice as her lilac
is——”
“My dear Lascelles,” interrupted Cheriton, “your habit of explanation
is really most unfortunate.”
“Well, kick me out and my canvas too,” said Jim, desperately, “and
have done with it.”
Jim Lascelles, like the rash and hasty fellow that he was, feeling
himself to be irretrievably disgraced and that he had forfeited forever
the respect and good-will of his only patron, proceeded to pack up
his brushes and his pigments.
“The former part of your suggestion, Lascelles, is much the simpler
matter of the two. But in the matter of the half-finished canvas I
foresee difficulty.”
“You have repudiated it, haven’t you?” said Jim, rather fiercely.
“Unquestionably as a copy of the Dorset. But all the same, I do not
think it can be permitted to leave this house.”
“Why not, Lord Cheriton?”
“It is an unauthorized portrait of my ward, Miss Perry, who at present
is in statu pupillari.”
“Ye-es,” said Jim, dubiously, “I suppose it is. All the same, it is rather
rough on a chap. I have put a lot of work into that picture.”
“I can see you have, Lascelles.”
“And of course,” said Jim, injudiciously, “I should like to put a lot
more work into it. It is such a fine subject.”
“The subject is much too fine, Lascelles, if I may venture an opinion.
My advice to you is, burn the canvas and forget that it ever existed.”
No pity was taken on Jim’s blank consternation.
“Burn it!” cried Jim, aghast.
“I am afraid if you don’t, my dear Lascelles, Lady Crewkerne will.”
“But she has no right——” said Jim, fiercely.
“I am afraid, my dear fellow, her right is not to be contested. In my
view, this half-finished canvas is much more her property than it is
yours.”
“Well,” said Jim, apprehensively, “I shall remove it at once to my
studio.”
Cheriton had dropped his little bombshell. The gyrations of his victim,
whom he had fully alarmed, seemed to afford him a great deal of
pleasure.
“Let us take it a little easier, my dear fellow,” said he. “I agree with
you that it would be a great pity to destroy such an extremely
promising work of art. Let us seek for an alternative.”
“The only alternative I can see,” said Jim, “is that I should remove it
at once.”
“In its half-finished state? That would be a pity.”
“Well, I don’t mean it to be burnt if I can help it,” said Jim.
During the pause which followed Jim looked highly perplexed, not a
little disconcerted, and also somewhat belligerent.
“I have a suggestion to make to you, Lascelles,” said his patron. “In
the circumstances I think it is quite the most you can hope for.”
“I shall be happy to consider it, Lord Cheriton,” said Jim, with a rueful
smile.
“In the first place, it seems to me that the best thing I can do is to get
the permission of Lady Crewkerne for you to finish the portrait of her
niece. Now, I warn you it may not be easy. As I think you have
conjectured, she is a difficult member of a most difficult sex. But I am
only prepared to do this upon one definite condition.”
“What is it?” asked Jim, in a tone that was not very hopeful.
“The condition must be this, Lascelles,” said Cheriton, with a very
businesslike air. “As you have treated me so abominably—I regret
exceedingly that candor compels me to use the term—if I obtain
permission for you to complete your portrait of Miss Perry, I shall
insist upon being allowed to purchase it upon my own terms.”
“Yes,” said Jim, “that is only fair.”
It seemed to him that things were taking a much more favorable
course than he could have hoped for.
“If I can obtain permission for you, Lascelles, to complete that
picture, and you finish it in the manner you have begun it, it will be a
pleasure to hang it at Cheriton House.”
Jim Lascelles was touched by the kindness of his patron.
“I didn’t quite see my way, Lord Cheriton,” said he, with admirable
simplicity, “to offer you an apology for my rotten behavior, because
you know you did rub it in, but I am going to now. And I hope you’ll
accept it, because you’ve been so kind to me—much kinder to me
than you ought to have been, really.”
“Yes, Lascelles,” said Cheriton, impartially, “I am inclined to take that
view myself. But your father was good to me at school; and you are
young, and you have talent, and you have a great subject to work
upon, and I can’t help feeling that it would be a pity if you lost the
opportunity which, in a sense, you have already had the wit to
create. Mind, Lascelles, I don’t excuse you in the least. I palliate
nothing; take your conduct all round it has been abominable; but in
my humble judgment, had it been more correct than it has been I
personally should not take such a hopeful view of your future. For
you have conformed to my fundamental belief that all the men who
are worth anything must begin by breaking the rules. Although have
the goodness to remember, my dear Lascelles, when you come to
breaking the rules be careful how you do it, for it is very easy to get
expelled the school. And should that happen—well, of course, you
are done for unless you are able to found a school of your own.”
Jim Lascelles forbore to smile at this piece of didacticism. He was
very full of gratitude. The old blighter had behaved so much more
nicely than he need have done.
“If only I had genius,” said Jim, “I would give up my days to the
fashioning of the most absolute masterpiece that ever adorned the
walls of Cheriton House.”
“You remember Carlyle’s definition?” said the owner thereof.
“Carlyle was an old fool.”
“That was always my opinion. And I once had the privilege of telling
him so, and, what is more, the noisy fellow admitted it. Doubtless
what he meant to express by his definition was the fact that Genius
is perfect submission to the Idea.”
“Well, here goes for perfect submission to the Idea,” said Jim
Lascelles.
He took up his brush and his palette, and gave a very deft touch to
the vestments of Miss Perry.
“Do you like my new riding-habit?” said a perfectly ludicrous drawl
coming in through the door.
Jim Lascelles made a gesture of despair. He kept his back turned
upon the new riding-habit resolutely.
“Dear me!” said Cheriton, “Artemis.”
“Isn’t it silly?” said Miss Perry. “They don’t like you to jump the
railings in Rotten Row.”
“What is the source of your information?” inquired my lord.
“Gobo says so,” said Miss Perry.
“Put not your faith in that man, my dear Miss Goose,” said Cheriton,
mellifluously. “It is only because he is afraid of taking a toss.”
“But they have got po-lice-men,” said Miss Perry, impressively.
There can be no reasonable doubt that in her new riding-habit Miss
Perry looked perfectly distracting. Lord Cheriton was certainly of that
opinion. As for Jim Lascelles, he waved her away from him with
great energy.
“That is the sort of thing,” said he, with an appeal for sympathy and
protection.
“Miss Goose,” said Lord Cheriton, “Mr. Lascelles has made a serious
indictment against you.”
“Has he?” said Miss Perry, opening very large, very round, and very
blue eyes upon Jim.
“Mr. Lascelles complains,” said Cheriton, with paternal severity, “that
while he is assiduously engaged in copying that famous portrait of
your great-grandmamma, you persist in coming into this room in your
smartest gowns; in sitting in the middle of that sofa; in absorbing the
best light; in posing in a manner that no really sensitive painter can
possibly resist; with the melancholy result that you literally force him
to paint you instead of your great-grandmamma, quite, as he
assures me, against his rational judgment and his natural
inclination.”
“Oh, I don’t mind at all,” said Miss Perry, with charming friendliness.
“It made me rather tired at first holding my chin like this, but at the
end of an hour I always get a cream bun.”
“At the end of an hour you always get a cream bun! Do you indeed?”
“Yes,” said Miss Perry, “small ones, but they are almost as nice as
the large ones.”
“I hope, Lascelles,” said Cheriton, “you have something to offer by
way of extenuation?”
“Well, what can a fellow do?” said Jim, desperately. “What with the
sun stuck up there, and this pink and white and blue and yellow
arrangement. As for the chin—well, if a chin will curve like that it
must take the consequences.”
Cheriton was shocked.
“Say as little as possible, Lascelles, I entreat you,” said he. “Your
case is hopeless. But I feel bound to say this. Since we have had
this astounding allegation of the cream buns, without probing the
matter to the depths, which I am really afraid to do, I must say your
future as a painter seems more roseate than ever.”
“Thank you, Lord Cheriton,” said Jim, modestly.
“But in regard to your future as a human being, as a unit of society, I
prefer to exercise a wise discretion which will take the form of saying
nothing whatever upon the subject.”
“Thank you, Lord Cheriton,” said Jim again.
Jim Lascelles then turned his gaze upon Miss Perry. It was of such
singular resolution that it seemed as if it sought to hypnotize that
irresponsible person to maintain the semblance of discretion.
“If you will go and put on that new frock,” said he, in a manner that
Cheriton was forced to regard as effrontery, “we can get just an hour
before luncheon, and then to-morrow you will start a cream bun in
hand.”
The prospect offered seemed sufficiently enticing to Miss Perry.
“That will be awfully nice.”
She left the room with great cheerfulness.
Cheriton regarded Jim Lascelles with that paternal air which he was
wont to assume rather frequently towards the world in general.
“Lascelles,” said he, “I shall have to revise my estimate of your
attainments. It is becoming increasingly clear to my mind that you
may go far.”
“Gillet said if I applied myself,” said Jim, without immodesty, “I might
be able one day to paint a portrait.”
“Gillet’s opinion is valuable,” said Cheriton, with the air of one who
set a higher value upon his own opinion than he did upon that of
Gillet. He examined Jim’s work very critically. “Yes,” he said, “I
recognize your possibilities. You have had the wit to find a subject,
and I am hopeful that the artist will prove entirely worthy of it.”
Jim’s face expressed his pleasure. After all, he had the talent and
ambition of every honest craftsman.
“Lascelles,” said his patron, “may I give you a word of advice?”
Jim expressed himself gratified at the prospect of receiving it.
“It is this,” said Cheriton, slowly. “You must get into the habit of
charging more for your pictures.”
“I hope I shall be able to,” said Jim. “But times are hard, and it is
uphill work for a man without a reputation.”
“I appreciate that. But I heard you spoken of as the coming man the
other night, and I see no reason why you shouldn’t confirm the
prediction.”
“If only I had a little more talent,” said Jim.
“If only you had a little more faith in it, Lascelles. It is the faith that is
so necessary, as every artist tells us.”
“I suppose so. Yet all the same, I wish the fairies had been a little
kinder.”
“I am of opinion that they have been sufficiently kind to the man who
could pose that head and put that hair upon canvas. But what I
wanted particularly to say to you is this. My friend Kendal intends to
ask you to paint a portrait of his daughter Priscilla.”
Jim Lascelles was thrilled by this announcement.
“That is awfully good of him,” said he, “and awfully good of you, Lord
Cheriton.”
“Perhaps I have the more genuine title to your gratitude,” said
Cheriton, amiably, “because, as far as Kendal is concerned, he is
one of those undiscerning and sluggish fellows who always prefer to
take some one else’s opinion rather than form one of their own. I told
him you were the man to paint his daughter Priscilla, and he was
only too glad to have my word for it. And I am by no means sure you
are not.”
Jim Lascelles was at a loss to know how to express his sense of
obligation, particularly as he could not help feeling that he did not
merit such kindness.
“I wish now,” said he, “I hadn’t behaved so badly.”
“The worst of any sort of bad behavior,” said Cheriton, sententiously,
“is that it carries such a heavy premium. But no matter. The chief
thing is to behave well to my friend Kendal. Paint his daughter
Priscilla to the best of your ability, and be careful to charge him five
hundred guineas.”
Jim was staggered.
“Five hundred guineas!” said he. “Why, he will never pay it. He could
get an absolute first rater for that sum.”
Cheriton smiled sagaciously.
“Doubtless he could,” said he, “and if my friend Kendal pays five
hundred guineas he will consider he’s got one. When I come to
examine your masterpiece on the wall of his gloomy and draughty
dining-room in Yorkshire, I shall say, ‘Kendal, that picture of Priscilla
appears to be an uncommonly sound piece of work.’ And he will say
as proud as you please, ‘I should think it was, my dear fellow. That
young chap Lascelles turned out absolutely first rate. He charged
five hundred guineas for that picture. I am telling everybody.’”
Jim Lascelles found his good fortune a little difficult to accept.
Further, he seemed to be rather troubled by it.
“I hope it is quite fair to Lord Kendal,” he said, “to charge him five
hundred guineas for a picture I should be only too glad to paint for
fifty?”
Cheriton was amused.
“My dear Lascelles,” said he, “simplicity is greatly to be desired in
art, but it is well not to take it into the market-place. There is the man
with whom you are doing business to be considered. If my friend
Kendal paid fifty guineas for the picture of his daughter Priscilla, he
would think exactly ten times less of it than if he paid five hundred;
and instead of hanging it in his dining-room in the worst possible
light, he would hang it in one of the smaller bedrooms in a very much
better one.”
Cheriton’s homily was interrupted at this point by the return of Miss
Perry. In her Gainsborough gown which she had worn at the fancy
ball, and in her “incredible” hat, which by some miracle had been
clapped on at just the right angle, she looked more distracting than
any human creature ought really to do. She seated herself in the
middle of the sofa with great composure, tilted her chin to the light of
the morning, and folded her hands in her lap with almost the air of a
professional.
“Out for blood,” said Jim, approvingly.
“Lascelles,” said Cheriton, “I am almost afraid this means a large
one.”
“Yes,” said Jim, “I am a poor and obscure painter, but this zeal to
serve the arts really merits encouragement.”
“Perhaps, Lascelles,” said Cheriton, “if Buszard is sincerely
interested in art, as one feels sure he must be, he might be induced
to make a reduction upon the large ones if you contracted for a
quantity.”
Jim Lascelles was frankly delighted with the pose, and worked very
happily. He was in high spirits. Thanks to his patron’s generosity, he
had got out of his difficulty far more easily than he could have hoped
to have done. His future prospects had also taken a sudden and
remarkable turn for the better. Yet, apart from these considerations,
his subject fired him. As he worked during this precious hour he felt
that his execution had never had such boldness, freedom, and
authenticity.
Cheriton watched his protégé with approval. As a critic he was
sufficiently accomplished to detect great possibilities in Jim’s
method. Here might be a genuine trouvaille, if the young fellow only
had thoroughness as well as courage.
Miss Perry had not moved her chin once for nearly an hour, so that
she felt her guerdon was as good as earned; Jim Lascelles had
yielded for the same period to a genuine inspiration; and Cheriton
sat at his ease, watching with every outward sign of satisfaction the
fair fruits which were springing from his liberal treatment of the
artistic temper, when this harmony of sitter, painter, and patron was
gravely imperiled by the entrance of a little fat dog. As usual, he
heralded the approach of an old woman leaning upon an ebony
stick.
No sooner had the old woman entered the blue drawing-room than
she stood dumfounded with amazement. And yet there is reason to
believe that this attitude was in some measure assumed. Jim
Lascelles continued to ply his brush in blissful ignorance of her
presence; Miss Perry, for political reasons, continued strictly to
maintain her pose. Cheriton, however, put up a solemn forefinger.
Nevertheless, signs were not wanting that the mistress of the house
was about to disregard his warning.
“Ssssh, Caroline!” said he.
“What, pray, is the meaning of this?” demanded the old lady.
“This is a most critical stage,” said Cheriton. “Three minutes more
and I shall invite you to speak with freedom.”
“Tell me,” snorted the old lady. “Why is that girl sitting there in that
manner in the gewgaws of a play-actress?”
“Sssh, Caroline! Don’t you see?”
The perfect composure of the fair sitter, and the fact that she chose
to remain deaf, dumb, and blind to the intruder, seemed to
exasperate that autocrat.
“Tell me, girl, what is the meaning of it?” she stormed.
She beat the carpet with the ebony walking-stick.
“Move not the Chin Piece, the Young Man said,” Jim whispered.
The filmy, far-away look continued in the eyes of Miss Perry. She
paid heed to none.
Cheriton continued to elevate his forefinger very gravely.
“Sssh, Caroline!” said he. “One short and brief minute more. The
whole situation is most critical.”
“Is the creature hypnotized?”
“Yes, she is undoubtedly.”
“Who gave permission for her to sit for her portrait? In those fal-lals,
too.”
“Nature gave her permission, amiable old Dame Nature. She
couldn’t refuse it.”
“I forbid it,” said Caroline, with all the energy of which she was
capable. “It is disgraceful. It shall not go on.”
Then it was that Miss Perry ventured to say something.
“Large cream bun to-morrow morning, please,” said she.
“Is it an hour?” said Jim Lascelles. “Dear me! how time flies! One can
hardly believe it.”
“Girl,” said the old lady, “I demand an explanation.”
As Miss Perry seemed to have no explanation to offer, Cheriton
came to her aid.
“The truth is,” said he, in honeyed tones, “my distinguished young
friend Lascelles is the victim of a very natural error. My idea was, of
course, Caroline, as you are aware, that he should come here to
copy your Gainsborough, but it would appear that he has put another
interpretation upon his mandate. And I feel bound to confess that I
for one cannot blame him.”
Caroline Crewkerne, however, was not appeased so easily.
“In my opinion,” said she, “it is unpardonable that any man should
take it upon himself to paint clandestinely the portrait of my niece.
And in my house, too.”
Jim held himself very proudly and perhaps a little disdainfully also.
The old woman’s tone was certainly offensive.
“Lady Crewkerne,” said he, not so humbly as he might have done, “I
will admit that I have done wrong, but I hope my offense is not a very
grave one.”
The old lady looked Jim over in a decidedly scornful manner. She
appeared to be not quite sure whether a person such as Jim was
entitled to receive a reply from her.
“It depends upon the light in which one chooses to view the subject,”
said she, in a voice which trembled with anger. “I have formed my
own opinion about such behavior. I must ask you to leave this house
immediately, and in future it will be closed to you.”
Jim was stung. The mildest-tempered fellow in the world would have
been by such an unbridled display of despotism. Cheriton, who by
long association with the Whigs understood their arbitrary nature,
was really less shocked by such an uncivil exhibition than he
pretended to be. He took Jim Lascelles by the sleeve, drew him
aside, and gave him the benefit of a whimsical smile.
“Say nothing, my dear fellow,” said he, in a sagacious and paternal
manner. “Give her her head, and then leave her to me.”
Jim Lascelles, however, was furious. He was young and hot-headed;
and adversity had rendered him more sensitive upon the score of his
dignity than it is wise for a young fellow to be. Therefore he was by
no means disposed to leave the adjustment of the matter to his
friend. Not by his demeanor only did he express resentment, but by
word and also by deed.
“I am sorry, Lady Crewkerne, you have taken this view,” said he, not
very pacifically. “I shall be quite happy to obey your instructions. A
couple of men will come from Peabody’s this afternoon to fetch the
canvas.”
And then, with an incredible absence of judgment, Jim Lascelles
packed up his tools, and distributing curt bows to everybody, stalked
out of the room and out of the house.
Cheriton showed genuine consternation. Miss Perry looked ready to
shed tears. Cream buns apart, she was very fond of Jim.
“An incomprehensibly foolish thing to have done,” said Cheriton.
“A deplorable exhibition of impudence,” said Caroline Crewkerne. “I
have the greatest mind not to give up that canvas. I should be within
my rights if I destroyed it.”
“I have grave doubts whether you could do it legally,” said Cheriton.
For a man of his vaunted wisdom and experience it was a sadly
injudicious thing to have said.
“You think so?” said the redoubtable Caroline. “That decides me.
That man must be taught a lesson. Cheriton, have the goodness to
ring the bell.”
Cheriton showed genuine concern.
“Surely, Caroline,” said he, “you cannot mean that you are going to
destroy it?”
“That is my intention.”
“Oh, but surely,” said Cheriton, “it would be nothing short of a crime.
There is no other word to use.”
“It is going to be done,” said Caroline Crewkerne.
“But the young fellow has put many hours of fine work into that
picture,” said Cheriton, with great seriousness, “and fine thought in it
too. It would be a crime.”
“If a man has no manners he must be taught them,” said the
implacable Caroline.
“The kettle is invariably the severest judge of the pot,” said Cheriton,
in a whimsical aside. “Really, Caroline, you began it,” said he.
“The man began it by painting my niece’s portrait without obtaining
my permission. Not content with abusing my hospitality, he must
show insolence when remonstrated with.”
“Well, you know, my dear Caroline, that hand of yours is
uncommonly heavy. And although no one deplores the young
fellow’s conduct for his own sake more deeply than I do, he acted
precisely as his profoundly rash and hot-headed father would have
done in the circumstances.”
“I am not in the least interested in such a person, or in his father
either,” said Caroline Crewkerne. “But I have made up my mind that
that canvas shall be destroyed.”
CHAPTER XV
DIPLOMACY IS CALLED FOR
CHERITON’S gravity was of a kind he seldom displayed.

“Caroline,” said he, firmly, “if you behaved in that way no right-
minded person could possibly forgive you. The lad is very poor, and
his history is a sad one. He is the son of Lascelles, V.C., as rash yet
generous-hearted a fellow as ever lived. Had it not been for a
dishonest broker the young chap would be a man of wealth and
position.”
“I am prepared to hear nothing further upon the subject,” said
Caroline Crewkerne. “I have made up my mind. Cheriton, have the
goodness to ring the bell.”
The affair must have had a tragic termination there and then had not
the God who watches over poor painters—whatever their own
private and personal doubts in regard to that Deity, it is only right for
laymen like ourselves to assume that there is one—seen fit to enact
a little providence of His own. At that crucial moment there came to
Cheriton’s aid no less a person than George Betterton. And as if that
opportune arrival was not in itself sufficient, Providence took the
trouble to play a double coup. Mr. Marchbanks made the
announcement immediately afterwards that luncheon was ready.
While Caroline enlarged upon her grievances to George Betterton
and outlined the extreme course she proposed to take as soon as
luncheon was over, Cheriton scribbled hastily in pencil on the back of
a card, “Remove picture from No. — Hill Street immediately, to the
Acacias, Hawthorn Road, Balham.”
This accomplished, he proceeded to take John into his confidence.
He placed the card, together with a sovereign, in the palm of that
functionary.
“Go down at once,” said he, “to the people at the Bond Street
Galleries and give them this card. They are to remove that half-
finished picture in the blue drawing-room to that address. By the time
luncheon is over it must be out of the house. Is that clear?”
“Perfectly clear, my lord,” said John, who among his many virtues
had a proper tenderness for the peerage.
“See that this is done, and when questions are asked all you need
know upon the subject is that a couple of men came and took it
away. You understand?”
“Perfectly, my lord,” said John.
During luncheon Cheriton was seen to particular advantage. At any
time it called for very little effort on his part for him to be one of the
most agreeable men in London. To-day he excelled. He retailed
some of the newest stories and a quantity of the freshest gossip; he
was really genial to George Betterton, and encouraged him to
enlarge at length upon the subject of the Militia; and to his hostess
he gave a tip for the Oaks, for which species of information she had
a decided weakness.
It was but seldom among his intimates that George was permitted to
mount his hobby-horse. As for Cheriton, he was the last man in the
world, as a rule, to consent to hold the head of that extraordinary
quadruped while George established himself firmly in the saddle. But
on this occasion he performed that operation in the most graceful
manner.
“Excellent speech of yours in the House the other evening, my dear
fellow,” said he. “I wasn’t there myself—Philosophical Society’s
annual meeting—but you were very carefully reported in the Times.
Quite your best vein, if I may say so. Very shrewd, very searching,
sound common sense. You thought so, Caroline, did you not?”
It seems incredible, but Caroline Crewkerne walked straight into the
trap. With all her ruthlessness, and all her knowledge of mundane
affairs, she had one besetting weakness. She attached an absurd
importance to any form of politics. It was her Whiggism, doubtless.
She would encourage the most consummate bore, for upon the
slightest pretext her vanity would lead her to believe that her fingers
were really in the pie, and that she had a very considerable hand in
the destinies of the country.
In the heyday of her glory it used to be asserted freely by idle
persons that if the country was not actually ruled from Hill Street,
ministers at least were made and marred there, and of that quarter
Governments went in fear and trembling. And it is by no means
improbable that Caroline Crewkerne came to believe it. It is
surprising what vanity will do for us.
To-day the smoldering embers of a lifelong illusion, if the figure is
permitted, allowed Caroline Crewkerne to establish George Betterton
quite firmly astride his hobby-horse. Cheriton counted the minutes of
his exquisite boredom. George was always heavy. He spoke so
slowly and impressively that he could deliver a platitude in a longer
space of time than any man living, and he could use fewer words in
the operation. Indeed, upon the strength of that gift he had gained a
reputation for incisive brevity.
To see Caroline Crewkerne nodding her vain old head, and wagging
her vain old ears in an exaggerated attitude of statesmanlike
attention, was a positive joy to Cheriton, particularly as time was so
valuable. The minutes grew tedious in their passing, all the same.
The clock chimed half-past two, and Miss Perry mentioned the
circus.
“Let us postpone it until to-morrow, my dear Miss Goose, if you really
don’t mind,” said Cheriton. “The conversation is so absorbing. The
preserved ginger is highly delectable too.”
Miss Perry shared the latter opinion.
“Green Chartreuse or Grand Marnier, my lord?” said Mr.
Marchbanks.
“Both,” said my lord.
Mr. Marchbanks dissembled his surprise in an extremely well-bred
manner. In his eyes, however, a peer of the realm was in the happy
position of Cæsar’s wife.

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9.2. Set Up: π rad = 180°. s = rθ , with θ in radians.

*9.5. Set Up: 1 rev = 2π rad

ω1,0 + α1t = ω 2,0 + α 2t

9.19. Set Up: Use υ = rω to find υ.

9.21. Set Up: υ = rω , with ω in rad/s.

arad = 2rα (θ − θ0 ) = 2(0.300 m)(0.600 rad/s 2 )(π /3 rad) = 0.377 m/s 2 .

a = (0.180 m/s 2 ) 2 + (0.754 m/s2 )2 = 0.775 m/s2

Solve: (a) arad = rω 2 and Frad = marad = mrω 2

*9.31. Set Up: (a) Each mass is a distance

(b) Length L is proportional to 1/ω 2 , so doubling ω reduces L to (22 .5 m)/4 = 5.6 m.

(a) I cm = (1/2) MR 2 , so the above ratio is 1/3.

(b) I cm = (2/5) MR 2 so the above ratio is 2/7.

(c) I cm = (2/3) MR 2 so the ratio is 2/5.

(d) I cm = (5/8) MR 2 so the ratio is 5/13.

Solve: The total kinetic energy is

υ y = υ0 y + a yt = 0 + (9.80 m/s 2 )(2.39 s) = 23.4 m/s

υ x = υ0 x = 15.3 m/s and υ = υ x2 + υ 2y = 28.0 m/s

Solutions to Passage Problems

JIM LASCELLES continued his labors. He arrived at Hill Street each

CHERITON’S gravity was of a kind he seldom displayed.

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