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Children: A Chronological Approach 5CE
Chapter 07: Social and Emotional Development in Infants and Toddlers
1. Basic emotions
do not involve a physiological change.

are not expressed in an overt behaviour.
vary from culture to culture.
involve a subjective feeling.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-01
Page-Reference: 165
Answer: involve a subjective feeling.
2. Which of the following is a basic emotion?
pride
guilt
happiness
embarrassment
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-02
Page-Reference: 165
Answer: happiness
3. Basic emotions consist of a subjective feeling, an overt behaviour, and
a physiological change.
an evaluative component.
a cultural-specific expression.
an advanced cognitive component.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-03
Page-Reference: 165
Answer: a physiological change.
4. Which of the following would be the element of a basic emotion referred to as a subjective feeling?
a smile
an increase in heart rate
bumping into a chair
being so happy you feel like you're floating on air
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-04
Page-Reference: 165
Answer: being so happy you feel like you're floating on air
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

1
5. Who is experiencing a complex emotion?
Tim, who is happy

Todd, who is embarrassed
Ramon, who is disgusted
Victor, who is surprised
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-05
Page-Reference: 165
Answer: Todd, who is embarrassed
6. Research on the link between facial expressions and emotions has shown that
changes in facial expressions are not linked to physiological changes that are associated with emotions.
infants and adults worldwide express basic emotions with similar facial expressions.
in the first few weeks of life, infants produce social smiles.
infants' facial expressions do not change in a predictable, meaningful fashion until around the first
birthday.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-06
Page-Reference: 165
Answer: infants and adults worldwide express basic emotions with similar facial expressions.
7. Complex emotions
emerge before basic emotions.

are universal.
involve an evaluative component.
include feelings of happiness, anger, and disgust.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-07
Page-Reference: 165
Answer: involve an evaluative component.
8. Unlike basic emotions, complex emotions
do not involve an evaluative component.

involve a physiological change.
involve a subjective feeling.
vary from culture to culture.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-08
Page-Reference: 166
Answer: vary from culture to culture.

2
9. Researchers often use ________ to assess an infant's emotional state.
facial expressions
subjective feelings
the Strange Situation
systematic desensitization
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-09
Page-Reference: 179
Answer: facial expressions
10. Research on the universality of emotional expressions suggests that
humans are biologically programmed to express emotions in a specific way.

there are no universal facial expressions suggestive of basic emotions.
infants use different facial expressions than adults to express basic emotions.
facial expressions are not reliable clues to an infant's emotional state.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-10
Page-Reference: 166
Answer: humans are biologically programmed to express emotions in a specific way.
11. Which of the following statements best summarizes the 2004 findings of University of Toronto
researcher Marc Lewis and his colleague Jim Steiben?
Emotion regulation cannot be separated from the activation of emotion centres in the brain.
Emotion regulation is consistently separated from the activation of emotion centres in the brain.
Children who internalize emotions (suppress) are less sensitive to anxiety.
Children who externalize emotions (act out) are more sensitive to anxiety.
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 07-11
Page-Reference: 170
Answer: Emotion regulation cannot be separated from the activation of emotion centres in the brain.
12. Khalid is 6 months old. His facial expressions are
not likely to be accompanied by the same physiological responses that they are in adults.
likely to be specific to his culture.
fairly reliable indicators of his emotional state.
not likely to change predictably in response to events.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-12
Page-Reference: 166
Answer: fairly reliable indicators of his emotional state.

3
13. Your brother's 2-week-old baby smiles. You would tell your brother that his baby's smile
is probably a social smile.

is most likely related to his internal physiological state.
is most likely related to his internal psychological state.
should be accompanied by cooing.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-13
Page-Reference: 166
Answer: is most likely related to his internal physiological state.
14. Which of the following emerges first?
laughter in response to physical stimulation

laughter in response to psychological stimulation
social smiles
smiles that are related to internal physiological states
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-14
Page-Reference: 166
Answer: smiles that are related to internal physiological states
15. Social smiles typically first appear at
birth.
2 months of age.
6 months of age.
18 months of age.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-15
Page-Reference: 167
Answer: 2 months of age.
16. A social smile occurs when an infant
was recently fed.

is asleep.
sees another human face.
is at least 1 year of age.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-16
Page-Reference: 167
Answer: sees another human face.

4
17. You visit your 4-month-old nephew and want to make him laugh. What would you do?
Give him some sort of vigorous physical stimulation such as bouncing him on your knee.
Give a novel twist to a familiar event; for example, pretend to put your nephew's pacifier in your mouth.
Feed him to induce to a pleasant internal physiological state.
Wait until he's several months older because laughing does not usually occur until late in the first year
of life.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-17
Page-Reference: 167
Answer: Give him some sort of vigorous physical stimulation such as bouncing him on your knee.
18. Infants' first feelings of happiness are related to ________, whereas their later feelings of happiness
are associated with ________.
complex emotions; basic emotions
attachment; temperament
psychological states; physical states
physical states; psychological states
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-18
Page-Reference: 167
Answer: physical states; psychological states
19. Which of the following emerges first?
guilt
embarrassment
pride
fear
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-19
Page-Reference: 167
Answer: fear
20. The first distinct displays of anger typically occur
at birth.
between 4 and 6 months of age.
between 12 and 18 months of age.
during the preschool years.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-20
Page-Reference: 167
Answer: between 4 and 6 months of age.

5
21. One of the first signs of fear in an infant often occurs when
infants are in the presence of an unfamiliar adult.

infants are picked up by a familiar adult.
a parent restrains an infant from trying to pick up a toy.
a favourite food is taken away.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-21
Page-Reference: 167
Answer: infants are in the presence of an unfamiliar adult.
22. Stranger wariness is one of the first distinct signs of
anger.
sadness.
fear.
happiness.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-22
Page-Reference: 167
Answer: fear.
23. Seven-month-old Lydia looked away and started to fuss when her mother's college roommate, who
hadn't visited since Lydia was born, got Lydia up from her nap. Lydia's reaction is most likely the
result of
social referencing.
systematic desensitization.
insecure attachment.
stranger wariness.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-23
Page-Reference: 167
Answer: stranger wariness.
24. Your niece is 7 months old and you are about to meet her for the first time. You are concerned that
she will be afraid of you and want to minimize the chance that meeting you will cause her stranger
wariness. What would you do?
Greet her and give her your complete attention as soon as you meet her.
Arrange to see her for the first time in an environment that is familiar to her.
Meet her in an environment that is unfamiliar to her.
Pick her up right away when you meet her.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-24
Page-Reference: 167
Answer: Arrange to see her for the first time in an environment that is familiar to her.

6
25. Stranger wariness
emerges a few weeks after birth.

provides a natural restraint against the tendency for mobile infants to wander away from familiar
caregivers.
is greater when infants are in a familiar environment.
is not related to the stranger's behaviour.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-25
Page-Reference: 167
Answer: provides a natural restraint against the tendency for mobile infants to wander away from familiar
caregivers.
26. Which fear is likely to occur at the youngest age?
fear of strangers
fear of the dark
fear of imaginary creatures
fear of snakes
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 07-26
Page-Reference: 167
Answer: fear of strangers
27. Complex emotions don't usually emerge until
4 to 6 months of age.
3 to 4 years of age.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-27
Page-Reference: 168
Answer: 18 to 24 months of age.
28. Hezron has experienced basic emotions such as happiness and anger, but he is unlikely to feel more
complex emotions such as guilt, embarrassment, or pride until he
has some understanding of the self.
experiences a physiological reaction linked to his emotions.
displays overt behaviours associated with his subjective feelings.
uses social referencing.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-28
Page-Reference: 168
Answer: has some understanding of the self.

7
29. Which emotion is most influenced by cultural factors?
happiness
anger
fear
pride
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-29
Page-Reference: 168
Answer: pride
30. ________ require more sophisticated understanding than ________, which are more biologically
based.
Basic emotions; complex emotions
Complex emotions; basic emotions
Positive emotions; negative emotions
Negative emotions; positive emotions
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-30
Page-Reference: 168
Answer: Complex emotions; basic emotions
31. By ________ of age, infants begin to be able to distinguish facial expressions associated with different
emotions.
1 month
6 months
12 months
24 months
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 07-31
Page-Reference: 168
Answer: 6 months
32. Six-month-old Wendy's mother is happy and smiles and talks to Wendy in a pleasant voice. Based on
research reported in your text, you would expect Wendy
to be able to distinguish facial expressions associated with different emotions but not to change her own
emotions to match other people's emotions.
to be unaware of and unaffected by other people's emotions.
to match her emotion to her mother's and therefore be happy.
to become distressed.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-32
Page-Reference: 169
Answer: to match her emotion to her mother's and therefore be happy.

8
33. When 1-year-old Kim was shown a new toy, she looked at her mother, who appeared to be afraid of the
toy. Kim became distressed and moved away from the toy. Kim used ________ to regulate her own
behaviour.
an internal working model
systematic desensitization
social referencing
stranger anxiety
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-33
Page-Reference: 169
Answer: social referencing
34. In social referencing
an infant has a preference for being with other people rather than for being alone.
infants use their parents' facial expressions to help them interpret unfamiliar situations.
deep relaxation is associated with progressively more anxiety-producing situations.
an infant has a set of expectations about parents' availability and responsivity.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-34
Page-Reference: 169
Answer: infants use their parents' facial expressions to help them interpret unfamiliar situations.
35. The ability to recognize others' emotions
can be used in social referencing.

emerges after the first birthday.
is not related to the ability to discriminate different facial expressions.
decreases with age.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-35
Page-Reference: 169
Answer: can be used in social referencing.
36. Emotion regulation begins in
infancy.
the preschool years.
the school-age years.
adolescence.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-36
Page-Reference: 169
Answer: infancy.

9
37. When 1-year-old Adam saw a large dog heading toward him, he became frightened and moved closer
to his father and looked away from the dog. Adam was using a simple form of
emotion regulation.
stranger wariness.
social referencing.
complex emotion.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-37
Page-Reference: 169
Answer: emotion regulation.
38. Who was the first modern theorist to emphasize the importance of emotional ties to the mother?
John Bowlby
Jean Piaget
Mary Ainsworth
Sigmund Freud
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 07-38
Page-Reference: 171
Answer: Sigmund Freud
39. ________ is an enduring social–emotional relationship.
An attachment
Temperament
Sociability
Emotionality
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 07-39
Page-Reference: 171
Answer: An attachment
40. Bowlby argued that attachment
is learned through reinforcement and punishment.

is the result of the resolution of conflicts that are centered on various parts of the body.
increases the infant's likelihood of survival.
was important to human evolution but has no value in modern society.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-40
Page-Reference: 171
Answer: increases the infant's likelihood of survival.

10
41. Which is the first step in the development of attachment?
discriminating familiar and unfamiliar people

singling out the attachment figure
synchronizing behaviour with the caregiver's behaviour
learning the difference between people and objects
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-41
Page-Reference: 171
Answer: learning the difference between people and objects
42. While 3-month-old Neil is in an alert state, his mother silently stares at him. What is Neil likely to do?
smile and look at his mother

cry and look away from his mother
go to sleep
whatever he was doing before his mother began staring at him
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-42
Page-Reference: 171
Answer: cry and look away from his mother
43. The infant singles out the primary attachment figure at approximately what age?
four weeks
two months
six months
one year
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-43
Page-Reference: 172
Answer: six months
44. In Canada, attachment typically develops between infants and their ________ first.
mother
father
nanny
grandparent(s)
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 07-44
Page-Reference: 172
Answer: mother

11
45. Fathers
interact with their babies in the same ways that mothers do.
are more likely to engage in physical play with their babies than mothers are.
are more likely than mothers to be a source of comfort when babies are distressed.
spend more time taking care of their children than playing with them.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-45
Page-Reference: 172
Answer: are more likely to engage in physical play with their babies than mothers are.
46. Infants usually form attachments
only to mothers.
only to fathers.
to mothers and fathers.
to only one person, whoever is the primary caregiver.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-46
Page-Reference: 172
Answer: to mothers and fathers.
47. If Bill and Mary are typical parents of a baby, which of the following is most likely to be true?
Their baby is likely to become attached to Mary but not to Bill.

Bill is likely to spend more time playing with their baby than taking care of him.
Bill and Mary are likely to spend equal amounts of time reading and talking to their baby.
Their infant is likely to prefer Mary over Bill as a playmate.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-47
Page-Reference: 172
Answer: Bill is likely to spend more time playing with their baby than taking care of him.
48. ________ is used to study attachment relationships.
A social smile
An internal working model
Stranger wariness
The Strange Situation
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-48
Page-Reference: 173
Answer: The Strange Situation

12
49. A researcher conducts a study using the Strange Situation. The researcher is studying
the stability of temperament.

the development of basic emotions.
infants' recognition of others' emotions.
attachment relationships.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-49
Page-Reference: 173
Answer: attachment relationships.
50. When one-year-old Hayley's mother left her in an unfamiliar room, Hayley cried. When her mother
returned, Hayley wanted to be held for a minute but then wanted to get down and play. Hayley appears
to have a(n) ________ attachment to her mother.
avoidant
secure
disorganized (disoriented)
resistant
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-50
Page-Reference: 174
Answer: secure
51. The majority of Canadian babies have ________ attachment relationships.
resistant
avoidant
secure
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-51
Page-Reference: 174
Answer: secure
52. When Anne's mother left her with a new babysitter, Anne was not upset. When her mother returned,
Anne ignored her. Anne appears to have a(n) ________ attachment to her mother.
resistant
avoidant
secure
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-52
Page-Reference: 174
Answer: avoidant

13
53. When Kylie's mother left her at the babysitter's house, Kylie was upset and cried. When Kylie's mother
returned, Kylie was still angry and would not be consoled by her mother. Which type of attachment
does Kylie seem to have?
resistant
avoidant
secure
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-53
Page-Reference: 174
Answer: resistant
54. Annie has a disorganized (disoriented) attachment relationship with her mother. In the Strange
Situation she
probably will not be upset when her mother leaves and is likely to ignore her when she returns.
may or may not cry when her mother leaves, but is likely to seek her when she returns.
is likely to be upset when her mother leaves and angry and difficult to console when she returns.
may be confused when her mother leaves and not really understand what's happening when she
returns.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-54
Page-Reference: 174
Answer: may be confused when her mother leaves and not really understand what's happening when she
returns.
55. As an infant, Nate was securely attached whereas Will was insecurely attached. In their preschool
years, you would expect to find
that Will interacts more confidently and successfully with his peers than Nate.
that Nate interacts more confidently and successfully with his peers than Will.
that Nate, but not Will, shows abnormal levels of hostility.
no predictable differences between Nate and Will in terms of their social interactions.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-55
Page-Reference: 174
Answer: that Nate interacts more confidently and successfully with his peers than Will.
56. Children who had a secure attachment as infants
tend to have more satisfying later social relationships.

have more fights with friends when they are older.
show high levels of hostility as preschoolers.
interact less skilfully with peers as 11-year-olds at summer camp.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-56
Page-Reference: 174
Answer: tend to have more satisfying later social relationships.

14
57. A secure attachment is most likely to occur when
parents spend a lot of time with their child.

parents respond to their child in an inconsistent manner.
babies have difficult temperaments.
parents are sensitive and responsive to their baby.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-57
Page-Reference: 174
Answer: parents are sensitive and responsive to their baby.
58. What advice would you give to parents who want their infants to become securely attached to them?
Have a rigid personality style.

Don't reinforce infant crying by responding whenever your child cries.
Place your children in full-time daycare before their first birthday.
Respond to your infant predictably and sensitively.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-58
Page-Reference: 174
Answer: Respond to your infant predictably and sensitively.
59. Which infant is most likely to form a secure attachment?
Hallie, whose parents respond predictably and appropriately to her needs

Erin, who has a difficult temperament
Bernie, who sleeps in a dormitory with other children under 12
Steven, whose mother has a rigid personality style
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-59
Page-Reference: 178
Answer: Hallie, whose parents respond predictably and appropriately to her needs
60. Who is least likely to develop a secure attachment relationship?
Amber, who has an easy temperament and a mother with a rigid personality
Baylee, who has an easy temperament and a mother with a flexible personality
Carlie, who has a difficult temperament and a mother with a rigid personality
Donnelle, who has a difficult temperament and a mother with a flexible personality
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-60
Page-Reference: 178
Answer: Carlie, who has a difficult temperament and a mother with a rigid personality

15
61. Jude is an adult who describes her own childhood in very general terms and seems to idealize her
parents. Which type of attachment representation does Jude seem to have?
autonomous
dismissive
preoccupied
resistant
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-61
Page-Reference: 178
Answer: dismissive
62. Gary talks about both good and bad aspects of how his mom and dad raised him. On the Adult
Attachment Interview, Gary would most likely be classified in which group?
dismissive adults
preoccupied adults
autonomous adults
secure adults
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-62
Page-Reference: 178
Answer: autonomous adults
63. Joyce gets very emotional when talking about her childhood and expresses a great deal of hostility
toward her parents. Joyce appears to have a(n) ________ attachment representation.
autonomous
preoccupied
dismissive
avoidant
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-63
Page-Reference: 178
Answer: preoccupied
64. Parents with which type of adult attachment representation are most likely to provide the type of
caregiving that promotes secure attachment relationships?
preoccupied
avoidant
dismissive
autonomous
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-64
Page-Reference: 178
Answer: autonomous

16
65. Which of the following statements best reflects the relation between daycare and infant attachment?
An insecure attachment is more likely when a child is in poor quality daycare and has less responsive,
sensitive parents.
An insecure attachment is more likely when a child is cared for in a daycare centre than when she is
cared for in a home setting.
A secure attachment relationship is less likely when child care arrangements are changed frequently.
An insecure attachment is more likely when children are in full-time rather than part-time daycare.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-65
Page-Reference: 180
Answer: An insecure attachment is more likely when a child is in poor quality daycare and has less
responsive, sensitive parents.
66. The most important aspect of daycare in regard to promoting secure attachment relationships is
the amount of time the child spends in daycare.

sensitive, responsive caregiving.
the age when the child began daycare.
whether the daycare is provided by a daycare centre or in the home of a non-relative.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-66
Page-Reference: 180
Answer: sensitive, responsive caregiving.
67. Which of the following is most likely to be the first sign of peer interaction?
simple social play

parallel play
pointing or smiling at a peer
make-believe play
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-67
Page-Reference: 181
Answer: pointing or smiling at a peer
68. Soon after the first birthday, children commonly engage in
co-operative play.
pretend play.
parallel play.
role-playing.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-68
Page-Reference: 181
Answer: parallel play.

17
69. Parallel play involves
pretending.
assigning different roles for each child to play.
playing alone but maintaining interest in what other children are doing.
complex social and cognitive skills, so it is not found in toddlers.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-69
Page-Reference: 181
Answer: playing alone but maintaining interest in what other children are doing.
70. Maleah and Mara are sitting at a table playing with playdough. They are each playing alone, but
occasionally look to see what the other is doing. Maleah and Mara are engaged in
parallel play.
simple social play.
co-operative play.
make-believe play.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-70
Page-Reference: 181
Answer: parallel play.
71. Simple social play usually begins at about
15 to 18 months.
2 to 3 years.
4 to 5 years.
6 to 7 years.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-71
Page-Reference: 181
Answer: 15 to 18 months.
72. When children engage in similar activities, talk or smile at one another, and offer each other toys, it is
referred to as
simple social play.
parallel play.
nonsocial play.
co-operative play.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-72
Page-Reference: 181
Answer: simple social play.

18
73. Laura and Kyle are sitting next to each other and are drawing pictures. Periodically, they will trade
crayons and comment on the other's picture. This is an example of
parallel play.
simple social play.
co-operative play.
pretend play.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-73
Page-Reference: 181
Answer: simple social play.
74. Co-operative play is usually first seen around ________ of age.
6 months
2 years
4 years
6 years
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-74
Page-Reference: 181
Answer: 2 years
75. In ________ play, children organize their play around a distinct theme and take on special roles based
on the theme.
parallel
simple social
co-operative
make-believe
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-75
Page-Reference: 181
Answer: co-operative
76. Playing hide-and-seek is an example of
nonsocial play.
simple social play.
parallel play.
co-operative play.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-76
Page-Reference: 181
Answer: co-operative play.

19
77. The attitudes, behaviours, and values that a person believes make him or her a unique individual are
referred to as the person's
self-concept.
specification.
attachment classification.
temperament.
Difficulty: 1
QuestionID: 07-77
Page-Reference: 182
Answer: self-concept.
78. The foundation or first step of developing a self-concept occurs when children
begin to wonder who they are.

become aware that they exist independently of other people and objects in the environment.
mention emotions when describing themselves.
begin to describe themselves in relation to their peers.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-78
Page-Reference: 182
Answer: become aware that they exist independently of other people and objects in the environment.
79. Dr. Jones conducts a study in which he places a red mark on toddlers' noses and then places them in
front of a mirror. Dr. Jones appears to be interested in
attachment.
self-recognition.
temperament.
self-esteem.
Difficulty: 2
QuestionID: 07-79
Page-Reference: 182
Answer: self-recognition.
80. Two-year-old Chris "helps" his dad change the oil in the car and ends up with a black oil streak on his
cheek. When they come into the house, his dad takes him into the bathroom to clean up. Based on
what you know about self-recognition in two-year-olds, what would you expect Chris to do when he
looks in the mirror?
Reach up and touch the black spot on his cheek.
Touch the black spot he sees on the mirror.
Look at his dad to see if he, too, has oil on his face.
Not show any indication that he notices the spot.
Difficulty: 3
QuestionID: 07-80
Page-Reference: 182
Answer: Reach up and touch the black spot on his cheek.

20
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Throughout the entire North as well as in the South will there be
heartfelt and sincere mourning over the death of this most
distinguished editor on the other side of Mason and Dixon’s line. It
was only ten days ago that he came North and delivered an address
at the annual dinner of the Merchant’s Club of Boston, following it on
the next evening with a speech before the Bay State Club, a
Democratic organization. While on this trip Mr. Grady contracted a
severe cold which was the immediate cause of his death yesterday
morning.
The dead editor was a man of large brain and large heart. His
hope was in the future of the South and he worked for the results
which his prophetic ken perceived ahead of its present with great
earnestness and great judgment. Since he became the editor of the
Atlanta Constitution he has labored unceasingly to remedy the
unfortunate conditions which operated against the progress and
development of the South. Under his inspiring leadership and wise
counsel many enterprises have been started and encouraged. There
is no other one man to whom the New South owes so much as to
Henry W. Grady. When he came to New York City two years ago,
and in a notable address there told the people what this New South
had done and was trying to do, the public was astonished at his
statistics. The speech was so eloquent, so earnest, so broadly
American in tone and spirit that it attracted wide attention and sent a
thrill of admiration to the heart of every gratified reader. It made him
not only famous but popular all through the North. This fame and
popularity were increased by his recent excellent addresses in
Boston. The Advertiser published, on Thursday last, on the fourth
page, an extract from one of these speeches, entitled “The Hope of
the Republic,” and we can do the dead man no better honor than to
recommend to our readers that they turn back and read that extract
again. It expresses the purest sentiment and highest appreciation of
the foundation principles of the Republic.
Mr. Grady was a Democrat and a Southern Democrat. Yet he was
a protectionist and believed that the development of the South
depended upon the maintenance of the protective tariff. Under it the
iron manufactures and various products of the soil in that section of
our country have been increased to a wonderful extent while the
general business interests have strengthened to a remarkable
degree. Mr. Grady has encouraged the incoming of Northern
laborers and capitalists and aided every legitimate enterprise. He
has been a politician, always true to his party’s candidates, though
he has been somewhat at variance with his party’s tariff policy. He
has been a good man, a noble, true Christian gentleman, an earnest,
faithful editor and a model laborer for the promotion of his people’s
interests.
THE MODEL CITIZEN.
From the “Boston Globe.”

Henry W. Grady dead? It seems almost impossible.
Only ten days ago his fervid oratory rang out in a Boston banquet
hall, and enchanted the hundreds of Boston’s business men who
heard it. Only nine days ago the newspapers carried his glowing
words and great thoughts into millions of homes. And now he lies in
the South he loved so well—dead!
“He has work yet to do,” said the physician, as the great orator lay
dying. “Perhaps his work is finished,” replied Mr. Grady’s mother.
She was right. To the physician, as to many others, it must have
seemed that Mr. Grady’s work was just beginning; that not much had
yet been accomplished. For he was young; only thirty-eight years
old. He had never held a public office, and there is a current delusion
that office is the necessary condition of success for those endowed
with political talents. But Mr. Grady had done his work, and it was a
great work, too. He had done more, perhaps, than any other man to
destroy the lingering animosities of the war and re-establish cordial
relations between North and South. His silvery speech and graphic
imagery had opened the minds of thousands of influential men of the
North to a truer conception of the South. He had shown them that
the Old South was a memory only; the New South a reality. And he
had done more than any other man to open the eyes of the North to
the peerless natural advantages of his section, so that streams of
capital began to flow southward to develop those resources.
He was a living example of what a plain citizen may do for his
country without the aid of wealth, office or higher position than his
own talents and earnest patriotism gave him.
Boston joins with Atlanta and the South in mourning the untimely
death of this eloquent orator, statesmanlike thinker, able journalist
and model citizen. He will long be affectionately remembered in this
city and throughout the North.
A LOYAL UNIONIST.
From the “Chicago Times.”

Mr. Grady was a loyal Unionist. The son of a Union veteran,
proud of his sire’s part in the battle-fields of the rebellion, could not
be more so. He stood manfully against the race prejudice which
would lash the negro or plunder or terrorize him, but he recognized
fully the difficulties of the race problem, and would not blink the fact,
which every Northern man who sojourns in the South soon learns,
that safety, progress, peace, and prosperity for that section forbid
that the mere numerical superiority of the blacks should authorize
them to push the white man, with his superior capability for affairs,
from the places where laws are made and executed. Mr. Grady
looked upon the situation dispassionately and told the truth about it
to Northern audiences.
He was an active force in the journalism of the South, where the
journal is still regarded largely as an organ of opinion and the
personality of the editor counts for much. He entered the newspaper
field when the modern idea of news excellence had obtained a full
lodgment at the North and at one or two places South of the Ohio,
and while he loved to occupy the pulpit of the fourth page he was not
unmindful of the demand for a thorough newspaper.
HIS WORK WAS NOT IN VAIN.
From the “Cleveland, O., Plaindealer.”

The death of Henry W. Grady of the Atlanta Constitution is a loss
to journalism, to the South and to the nation. He had done good work
for each, and still more could reasonably be expected of him but for
his untimely death at the comparatively early age of thirty-eight. His
fatal illness was contracted when serving the cause of the whole
country by pleading in the North for a more generous and just
judgment of the Southern people and of their efforts to solve the race
problem. He has done much toward bringing about a better
understanding by his brilliant, earnest and logical addresses to
Northern audiences, in which he abated nothing of that intense love
for that part of the Union of which he was a native, but at the same
time appealed to them as citizens of the same country, as brothers,
to bury past differences, make allowance for conditions that were not
desired and could not be avoided, and substitute friendly confidence
for prejudiced suspicion. More of the same good work was expected
of him, but as his mother said when speaking of his dangerous
condition: “May be his work is finished.” Under his management the
Constitution worked unceasingly for the physical and moral
regeneration of the South. It preached the gospel of the “New
South,” redeemed by work, by enterprise and by devotion to the
Union of which the South is an integral part, and its preaching has
not been in vain. With pen and tongue, equally eloquent with both,
Mr. Grady labored in behalf of the cause he had so much at heart,
and, although dying thus early, he had the satisfaction of knowing
that his work was not in vain; that it is certain to bring forth good fruit.
THE BEST REPRESENTATIVE OF THE NEW SOUTH.
From the “Albany, N.Y., Journal.”

By the death of Henry Woodfin Grady the country loses one of its
most brilliant journalists.
Throughout the country his death will be deplored as most
untimely, for the future was bright before him. He had already,
although only thirty-eight years old, reached the front rank in his
profession, and he had been talked of as nominee for the vice-
presidency. This eminence he won not only by his brilliant writing,
but also by his integrity and high purposes. He never held an office,
for though he could make and unmake political destinies, he never
took for himself the distinctions he was able to bestow upon others.
Though he inherited many ante-bellum prejudices and feelings, yet
no editor of the South was more earnest, more fearless in
denouncing the outrages and injustices from time to time visited
upon the negro. So the American people have come to believe him
the best representative of the “New South,” whose spokesman he
was—an able journalist and an honest man who tried according to
his convictions to make the newspaper what it should be, a living
influence for the best things in our political, industrial and social life.
A LAMENTABLE LOSS TO THE COUNTRY.
From the “Cincinnati Commercial Gazette.”

He was a man of high faculties and purposes, and of great breadth
of sympathy. He had courage of heart equal to capacity of brain, and
placed in the core of the South, in her most busy city, and the
undoubted representative man of her ambition and progress, it is
lamentable that he should be lost to the country.
It seemed to be in no man’s grasp to do more good than he had
appointed for his task. He has done that which will be memorable. It
is something forever, to plow one deep furrow in fertile land for the
seed that is in the air.
He is dead, as the poets that are loved must die, still counting his
years in the thirties; and there is this compensation, that it may yet
be said of him in the South, as was so beautifully sung by Longfellow
of Burns in Scotland, that he haunts her fields in “immortal youth.”
And then to die so young, and leave

Unfinished what he might achieve.
... He haunts his native land
As an immortal youth; his hand
Guides every plow,
He sits beside each ingle-nook;
His voice is in each rushing brook,
Each rustling bough.
A SAD LOSS.
From the “Buffalo, N.Y., Express.”

The death of no other man than Henry Woodfin Grady could have
plunged Georgia into such deep mourning as darkens all her borders
to-day. Atlanta is the center of Georgia life, and Grady was the
incarnation of Atlanta vitality. His was a personality difficult to
associate with the idea of death. He was so thoroughly alive, bodily
and mentally, he was so young, the fibers of his being reached out
and were embedded in so many of the living interests of Georgia and
the whole South, that no thought of his possible sudden end would
rise in the minds of any who knew him. And his friends were legion.
Everybody called him Henry.
In ten years he rose from obscurity to a prominence that made him
the foremost figure of his day in the South, and had already linked
his name with the second office in the gift of the American people.
As an orator he was the pride of the South, as Chauncey M. Depew
is of the North. As a journalist no Northern man bears the relation to
his section that Grady did to the South. As a public-spirited citizen it
seemed only necessary for Grady to espouse a project for it to
succeed beyond all expectations. Yet but a few years ago he started
three newspapers in succession and they all failed! Failure was the
alphabet of his success.
When Mr. Grady bought a quarter interest in the Atlanta
Constitution he had had but slender training in journalism. He had
written a great deal, which is quite another thing. Though the
Constitution has remained intensely provincial in its methods ever
since, he has given it an influence in the South unrivalled by any
other paper, with possibly one exception. Under his inspiration the
Constitution viewed everything Georgian, and especially Atlantian,
as better than similar things elsewhere. It backed up local
enterprises with a warmth that shames the public spirit of most
Northern cities. It boasted of local achievements with a vehemence
that was admirable while it sometimes was amusing. Florid in his
own speech and writing, Mr. Grady gathered about him on the
Constitution men of similar gifts, who often wrote with pens dipped,
as it were, in parti-colored inks, and filled its columns with ornate
verbal illuminations. Yet amid much that was over-done and under-
done there often appeared work of genuine merit. For the
Constitution under Grady has been the vehicle by which some of the
most talented of the late Southern writers have become familiar to
the public. Grady was proud of them, and of his paper. “I have the
brightest staff and the best newspaper in the United States,” he once
remarked to this writer. And Mr. Grady firmly believed what he said.
It was as a speech-maker that Grady was best known at the North.
Echoes of his eloquence had been heard here from time to time, but
soon after the Charleston earthquake he made the address on “The
New South,” before the New England Society at New York, that won
for him the applause of the entire country, and must now stand as
the greatest effort of his life. His recent speech in Boston is too fresh
in mind to need attention here. Mr. Grady’s style was too florid to be
wholly pleasing to admirers of strong and simple English. He dealt
liberally in tropes and figures. He was by turns fervid and pathetic.
He made his speeches, as he conducted his newspaper, in a
manner quite his own. It pleased the people in Georgia, and even
when he and his partner, Capt. Howell, ran the Constitution on both
sides of the Prohibition question it was regarded as a brilliant stroke
of journalistic genius.
Personally Mr. Grady was one of the most companionable and
lovable of men. His hand and his purse were always open. His last
act in Atlanta, when waiting at the depot for the train that bore him to
the Boston banquet, was to head a subscription to send the Gate
City Guard to attend Jefferson Davis’s funeral. His swarthy face was
lighted by a bright, moist, black eye that flashed forth the keen,
active spirit within. The impression left upon the mind after meeting
him was of his remarkable alertness.
He will be a sad loss to Georgia, and to the South. There is none
to take his place. His qualities and his usefulness must be divided
henceforth among a number. No one man possesses them all.
WORDS OF VIRGIN GOLD.
From the “Oswego, N.Y., Palladium.”

The peaceful serenity of the Christmas festival is sadly married by
the intelligence flashed over the wires from the fair Southern city of
Atlanta to-day. “Death loves a shining mark,” and without warning it
came and took away Henry W. Grady, the renowned orator and the
brilliant editor, the man above all others who could least be spared
by the South at this time. A week ago last Thursday night he stood
up in the banquet hall at Boston and with charming eloquence
delivered to the people of the North a message from the loyal South
—a message that went out over the land and across the sea in
words of pure, virgin gold, that will live long after he from whose lips
they fell has returned to dust. Mr. Grady’s effort on that occasion
attracted the admiration of the whole country. He spoke as one
inspired, and his pathetic words at times moved strong men to tears
and made a lasting impression upon all who were privileged to hear
him. When he resumed his seat exhausted and perspiring, he
became a prey to the chilling draughts and took a very severe cold.
The evening next following he was banqueted by the Bay State Club
of Boston, and when he arose to respond to a happy sentiment
offered by the toastmaster in honor of the guest of the evening, he
could scarcely speak. He apologized for his condition and spoke but
briefly, and when he had finished the company arose and gave him a
double round of cheers. Among the fine sentiments of his closing
words, the last of his public utterances, were these: “There are those
who want to fan the embers of war, but just as certain as there is a
God in the heaven, when these uneasy insects of the hour perish in
the heat that gave them life, the great clock of this Republic will tick
out the slow moving and tranquil hour and the watchmen in the
street will cry, ‘All is well! All is well!’” His last words were these: “We
bring to your hearts that yearn for your confidence and love, the
message of fellowship from our home, and this message comes from
consecrated ground—ground consecrated to us by those who died in
defeat. It is likely that I shall not again see Bostonians assembled
together, therefore I want to take this occasion to thank you and my
excellent friends of last night, and those friends who accompanied us
this morning to Plymouth, for all that you have done for us since we
have been here, and to say that whenever you come South, just
speak your name and remember that Boston and Massachusetts is
the watchword, and we will meet you at the gate.”
Mr. Grady returned home immediately, and his friends, who had
prepared to greet him with a great reception, met him at the train
only to learn that he was sick unto death. He was carried home
suffering with pneumonia and at 3:40 A.M. to-day breathed his last.
The nations will stop amid the Christmas festivities to lay upon the
bier of the dead Southerner a wealth of tenderness and love.
It was as an editor that Grady was best known. His brilliant and
forceful contributions made the Atlanta Constitution famous from one
end of this broad land to the other. As an orator he was master of an
accurate and rhythmical diction which swept through sustained
flights to majestic altitudes. We will deal with the statistical record of
his life at another time, and can only add here that it is a matter for
sincere regret that he has been taken away before he had reached
the summit of his fame or the meridian of his usefulness.
SAD NEWS.
From the “Boston Advertiser.”

The untimely death yesterday of Henry Woodfin Grady is sad
news. He was predisposed to lung diseases, and the circumstances
of his visit to Boston were most unfortunate. The weather was very
mild when he arrived here, but became suddenly chill and wintry just
before his departure. Half our native population seemed to have
caught cold owing to the sudden and severe change in temperature,
and Mr. Grady contracted pneumonia in its most violent form, so that
he grew steadily worse to the end. His trip to Boston was eagerly
anticipated, both because he had never been in New England, and
also for the reason that the greatest interest had been created both
North and South over the announcement that he would speak on the
race problem. The impression made by his address—for it rose far
above the ordinary after-dinner speech—is still strong, and the
expectation created in the South is attested by the fact that a body-
guard, as it were, of admiring friends from among leading
representative Southerners made the trip with Mr. Grady for the
express purpose of hearing his exposition of the race problem.
Of Mr. Grady’s address there is nothing new to add. It was one of
the finest specimens of elegant and fervid oratory which this
generation has heard. It met the fondest anticipations of his friends,
and the people of his native State had planned to pay him
extraordinary honors for the surpassing manner in which he plead
their cause. The address, considered in all respects, was superior to
that which he delivered in New York and which won national
reputation for him. His treatment of the race problem was in no
respect new, and it met with only a limited approval, but while he did
not convince, Mr. Grady certainly won from the North a larger
measure of intelligent appreciation of the problem laid upon the
South. It was impossible not to perceive his sincerity, and we
recognized in him and in his address the type and embodiment of
the most advanced sentiment in the generation which has sprung up
at the South since the war. Mr. Grady’s father lost his life in the
Confederate army; Mr. Grady himself spoke in the North to Union
veterans and their sons. It was perhaps impossible, from the natural
environments of the situation, that he should speak to the entire
acceptance of his auditors, or that he should give utterance to the
ultimate policy which will prevail in the settlement of the race
problem. But we of the North can and do say that Mr. Grady has
made it easier for one of another generation, removed from the war,
to see with clearer vision and to speak to the whole country on the
race problem with greater acceptance than would now be possible.
To have done this is to do much, and it is in striking contrast with the
latter-day efforts of that other great figure in Southern life who has
but lately gone down to the grave unreconciled.
The North laments the death of Mr. Grady, and sincerely trusts that
his mantle as an apostle of the New South will fall upon worthy
shoulders. Business interests are bringing the North and South
together at a wonderfully rapid rate. This is not the day nor the
generation in which to witness perfect that substantial agreement for
which we all hope. But we are confident that if to the firmness of the
Northern views upon the civil rights of the black man there be added
a fuller measure of sympathy for those who must work out the
problem, and if Mr. Grady’s spirit of loyalty, national pride and
brotherly kindness becomes deeply rooted in the South, the future
will be promising for the successful solution of that problem which
weighs so heavily upon every lover of his country.
A LEADER OF LEADERS.
From the “Philadelphia Times.”

The death of Henry W. Grady, chief editor of the Atlanta
Constitution, is an irreparable loss to the South. Of all the many and
influential newspaper men of that section, Mr. Grady can only be
compared with Mr. Watterson, of the Louisville Courier-Journal, in
point of distinction; and while Watterson is the better equipped
journalist, Grady was the greater popular leader. He was not only a
brilliant and forceful writer, but a most eloquent and impressive
speaker, and one of the most sagacious in council.
Mr. Grady was only ten years old when the civil war spread its
terrible pall over the land, and he was only a school-boy when his
native South was left defeated, desolated and despairing by the
failure of the Confederacy. He grew up with the new generation that
is so rapidly succeeding the actors of that great conflict in both
sections. He escaped the luxury and effeminacy of fortune; he had to
grapple with poverty amidst an almost hopeless people; and he was
one of the earliest of the new generation to rise to the full stature of
manly duty. Thoroughly Southern in sympathy, and keenly sharing
the memories which are sacred to all who wore and supported the
gray, he saw the new occasion with its new duties as the latent
wealth of the South, that so long slumbered under the blight of
slavery, gave promise of development; and alike in his own Empire
State of the South, and in the great metropolis of the Union and in
the Bay State citadel of opposite political views, he ever declared the
same sentiments and cemented the bond of common brotherhood.
And no other young man of the South gave so much promise of
future honors and usefulness as did Mr. Grady. He has fallen ere he
had reached the full noontide of life, and when his public career was
just at its threshold. He could have been United States Senator at
the last election had he not given his plighted faith to another; and
even with the office left to go by default, it was with reluctance that
the Legislature, fresh from the people, passed him by in obedience
to his own command. That he would have been leader of leaders in
the South, yea, in the whole Union, is not doubted; and he was the
one man of the present in the South who might have been called to
the Vice-Presidency had his life been spared. He was free from the
blemish of the Confederate Brigadier, that is ever likely to be an
obstacle to a popular election to the Presidency or Vice-Presidency,
and he was so thoroughly and so grandly typical of the New South,
with its new pulsations, its new progress, its new patriotism, that his
political promotion seemed plainly written in the records of fate.
But Henry W. Grady has fallen in the journey with his face yet
looking to the noonday sun, and it is only the vindication of truth to
say that he leaves no one who can fully take his place. Other young
men of the South will have their struggling paths brightened by the
refulgence his efforts and achievements reflect upon them, but to-
day his death leaves a gap in Southern leadership that will not be
speedily filled. And he will be mourned not only by those who
sympathized with him in public effort. He was one of the most genial,
noble and lovable of men in every relation of life, and from the
homes of Georgia, and from the by-ways of the sorrowing as well as
from the circles of ambition, there will be sobbing hearts over the
grave of Henry W. Grady.
A FORCEFUL ADVOCATE.
From the “Springfield, Mass., Republican.”

The death of Henry Woodfin Grady, the brilliant young Southern
editor and orator, which took place at Atlanta, Ga., was almost tragic
in its suddenness; it will make a profound impression at the South,
and will be deeply deplored here at the North, where he had come to
be known as a florid yet forceful advocate and apologist of his
section. He had lately caught the ear of the country, and while his
speeches provoked critical replies, it may be said in his honor that
he, more than any other Southerner, had lifted the plane of sectional
debate from that of futile recriminations to more dignified and candid
interchanges of opinion. That is saying much for a man who was a
lad during the rebellion, and who had not passed his thirty-ninth
birthday. He was a man of pronounced views, perhaps given more to
pictures of prosperity than to the methods of its attainment, and
when upon the platform he carried the crowd by the force of that
genius for passionate appeals which his Irish ancestry and Southern
training had given him in full measure. No Southerner had put the
conflict of races in so reassuring a light; but he was not old enough
or far-seeing enough to realize that the problem can and will be
solved,—and that by Southerners.
Mr. Grady called about him a formidable group of young
Democrats filled with the spirit of the New South. They believed that
Georgia would rise and the South be reconstructed in the broadest
sense by the multiplication of factories and the advancement of
trade. These young men selected Gov. Colquitt for their standard-
bearer in the State election of 1880, and Mr. Grady was made
chairman of the campaign committee. Colquitt during his first term
had offended the Democratic regulars, and the young men carried
the war into the back country. The vote at the primaries was
unprecedentedly heavy. Colquitt carried the State and was the first
governor elected under the new constitution. Grady never held public
office, but it was supposed that he had been selected by the
Democratic leaders as Gov. Gordon’s successor, and many thought
that he was angling for the second place on the Democratic national
ticket in 1892.
The attention of the North was first called to the brilliant Georgian
by his address at New York in June, 1887, at the annual dinner of
the New England Society. His speech at the Washington Centennial
banquet last spring was rather a disappointment, but he fully
recovered his prestige the other day at Boston, where he shared the
honors of a notable occasion with Grover Cleveland. Mr. Grady
found time from his editorial work to write an occasional magazine
article, but his subject was his one absorbing study—the South and
its future.

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Chapter 07: Social and Emotional Development in Infants and Toddlers

do not involve a physiological change.

Answer: involve a subjective feeling.

2. Which of the following is a basic emotion?

3. Basic emotions consist of a subjective feeling, an overt behaviour, and

Answer: a physiological change.

Answer: being so happy you feel like you're floating on air

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5. Who is experiencing a complex emotion?

Tim, who is happy

Answer: Todd, who is embarrassed

emerge before basic emotions.

Answer: involve an evaluative component.

8. Unlike basic emotions, complex emotions

do not involve an evaluative component.

Answer: vary from culture to culture.

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9. Researchers often use ________ to assess an infant's emotional state.

Answer: facial expressions

10. Research on the universality of emotional expressions suggests that

humans are biologically programmed to express emotions in a specific way.

Answer: humans are biologically programmed to express emotions in a specific way.

12. Khalid is 6 months old. His facial expressions are

Answer: fairly reliable indicators of his emotional state.

Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.

is probably a social smile.

Answer: is most likely related to his internal physiological state.

14. Which of the following emerges first?

laughter in response to physical stimulation

Answer: smiles that are related to internal physiological states

15. Social smiles typically first appear at

Answer: 2 months of age.

16. A social smile occurs when an infant

was recently fed.

Answer: sees another human face.

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Answer: physical states; psychological states

19. Which of the following emerges first?

20. The first distinct displays of anger typically occur

Answer: between 4 and 6 months of age.

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infants are in the presence of an unfamiliar adult.

Answer: infants are in the presence of an unfamiliar adult.

22. Stranger wariness is one of the first distinct signs of

Answer: stranger wariness.

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25. Stranger wariness

emerges a few weeks after birth.

26. Which fear is likely to occur at the youngest age?